WO2017124912A1 - Double-focusing ultrasonic probe and sparse array photo-acoustic tomography system - Google Patents

Double-focusing ultrasonic probe and sparse array photo-acoustic tomography system Download PDF

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WO2017124912A1
WO2017124912A1 PCT/CN2016/113860 CN2016113860W WO2017124912A1 WO 2017124912 A1 WO2017124912 A1 WO 2017124912A1 CN 2016113860 W CN2016113860 W CN 2016113860W WO 2017124912 A1 WO2017124912 A1 WO 2017124912A1
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probe
array
detecting surface
annular
diameter
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PCT/CN2016/113860
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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孟静
宋亮
孙明健
林日强
禹继国
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中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
曲阜师范大学
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Publication of WO2017124912A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017124912A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0093Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy
    • A61B5/0095Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy by applying light and detecting acoustic waves, i.e. photoacoustic measurements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/44Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
    • A61B8/4444Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/52Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/5215Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of photoacoustic imaging technology, for example, to a dual focus ultrasound probe and a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system.
  • the photoacoustic imaging method is a non-destructive, in vivo biomedical imaging method that combines the characteristics of both optical and ultrasonic imaging modes, combining high contrast and spectral specificity of optical imaging and high spatial depth imaging of ultrasound. Resolution is one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging technologies.
  • the photoacoustic imaging method can invert the deposition of light energy in the tissue by detecting the ultrasonic signal generated by the instantaneous thermal expansion after the biological tissue absorbs the pulsed laser.
  • the imaging method can realize the disease-related physiological functions and parameter imaging in the living body, such as hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygen concentration, oxygen metabolism, etc., without relying on the light absorption contrast of the tissue itself in the absence of the exogenous contrast agent. .
  • Photoacoustic imaging methods can be applied to many aspects of biomedical fields such as tumor angiogenesis research, hemoglobin and blood oxygen concentration imaging, breast cancer diagnosis and cardiovascular and vascular vulnerable plaque imaging.
  • the photoacoustic imaging system is a photoacoustic imaging system in which ultrasound array elements are densely arranged, that is, the array elements of the ultrasonic array of such systems are densely arranged.
  • the small animal photoacoustic imaging system developed by the group of Professor Lihong Wang of Washington University in St. Louis, the imaging probe can be made up of 512 ring-shaped detection devices made of 512 ultrasonic elements with a center frequency of 5 MHz, at the center of each two adjacent elements. The interval between the two is about 300 micrometers, the array elements are densely arranged, and the manufacturing process is very demanding, which makes the photoacoustic imaging system expensive.
  • the system can be equipped with a 64-channel data acquisition card.
  • the system can include an array of 256-element arc-shaped arrays covering 240 degrees, which can be used for small animal tomography and whole body imaging.
  • the array element has a center frequency of 3.3 MHz and a single element size of 4 mm x 4 mm.
  • the system light path can be used with a bundle of 10 branches to create a circular illumination of the imaging section to ensure relatively uniform illumination of the imaged area.
  • the system is equipped with a linear stage to move the object to be imaged through the sample holder for three-dimensional scanning and imaging.
  • the system can achieve an imaging frame rate of 10 Hz per second under multi-channel data acquisition equipment, which can basically meet the needs of clinical applications.
  • multi-channel data acquisition devices are expensive. Therefore, the photoacoustic imaging system in which the ultrasound array elements are densely arranged has the sound and sound Such as low speed, high price and other shortcomings, and dense array of elements, making the array element size smaller, tissue deep signal detection sensitivity is low.
  • Photoacoustic imaging speed as a factor affecting the depth and breadth of clinical application of imaging technology.
  • high-speed photoacoustic imaging systems are needed to track and collect information reflecting the state of biological tissues in real time; clinical disease diagnosis applications Improve the data collection speed, reduce the time of the patient under the imaging device, and enable the doctor to obtain the disease information in real time and carry out targeted treatment in a timely manner.
  • Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) based on ultrasonic array detection is a photoacoustic imaging method with rapid imaging potential.
  • the PACT imaging system has a large number of array elements, large data volume, and data acquisition. High demands are placed on transmission and reconstruction, and imaging speeds in many applications still fall short of clinical real-time/fast imaging requirements.
  • the ultrasonic detection part of the system is a self-made spherical detecting device.
  • the device is designed with 640 holes, and 192 ultrasonic elements are arranged in three parts.
  • Each ultrasonic element has an outer diameter of 5.5 mm and an effective detection area of 3 mm in diameter.
  • the center frequency is 5 MHz, and each element has a signal receiving angle of 15 degrees.
  • the system is illuminated at the top of the spherical device to form a uniform illumination area of approximately 2 square centimeters.
  • a 64-channel data acquisition device (composed of eight 8-channel data acquisition cards) is configured.
  • a three-dimensional data acquisition speed of 0.3 frames per second and a two-dimensional imaging data acquisition rate of 10 Hz can be achieved.
  • the system uses a sparse distribution pattern of the ultrasonic probe, and the signal receiving angle of the probe is very small, so the final imaging quality is not good enough.
  • the sparse signal acquisition method can effectively reduce the data acquisition scale and reduce the design cost of the array, but the current image quality of the sparse signal acquisition photoacoustic imaging system is low, mainly because the traditional imaging method cannot achieve high under low signal acquisition amount. Quality image reconstruction.
  • the present disclosure proposes a dual-focus ultrasound probe and a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system, which can solve the problem of high cost, low imaging speed and low image acquisition quality of the photoacoustic imaging system.
  • the dual focus ultrasound probe includes: a concave detection surface, the numerical aperture of the concave detection surface in the first direction is larger than the numerical aperture in the second direction, and the concave detection surface is in the first side
  • the upward signal receiving angle is greater than the signal receiving angle in the second direction
  • the length of the focusing region of the recess detecting surface in the second direction is greater than the length of the focusing region in the first direction
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the recessed detecting surface is formed by bending a circular flat detecting surface by a first angle as a first axis of symmetry, and forming a second angle by symmetrically bending a second angle, wherein the first diameter is The second diameter is perpendicular, the first diameter is curved to form a first direction, and the second diameter is curved to form a second direction, the first angle being greater than the second angle.
  • the length of the focus area of the recess detecting surface in the second direction is 50-80 times the length of the focus area in the first direction.
  • the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the first diameter direction is 7-9 times of the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the second diameter direction.
  • the probe is a cylinder
  • the concave detecting surface is a bottom surface of the cylinder
  • the cylinder has a diameter of 1-2 cm.
  • the signal receiving angle of the recess detecting surface in the first direction is greater than a signal receiving angle in the second direction
  • a length of the focusing area of the recess detecting surface in the second direction is greater than a length of the focusing area in the first direction.
  • the signal receiving angle of the concave detecting surface in the first direction is large, and also has a small virtual detecting point to form a strong focus.
  • the length of the focus area in the second direction is large, forming a weak focus, which provides the ability to image a larger size section.
  • the image quality reconstructed by the low-sampling, virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method can be improved, and at the same time, since the signal receiving angle of the probe is large, the imaging system can adopt the sparse arrangement.
  • the cloth pattern forms a circular array of probes, reducing the cost of the imaging system.
  • the large signal reception angle of the imaging section provided by the strong focus can reduce the amount of data acquisition required for high quality imaging, thereby improving data acquisition and imaging speed.
  • the sparse array photoacoustic tomography system comprises: a pulse laser, a fiber coupler, a ring fiber array formed by a plurality of fiber branch arrangements of the fiber bundle, a ring probe array formed by the plurality of double focus ultrasound probes, and a data processing device connected to the plurality of dual focus ultrasound probes, wherein:
  • the pulsed laser is configured to emit a laser pulse
  • the fiber optic coupler is configured to couple the laser pulse into the fiber bundle
  • the annular fiber array is configured to emit an annular spot that illuminates a cross section of the biological tissue
  • the annular probe array is configured to collect an ultrasonic signal emitted by the biological tissue section under the illumination of the annular optical fiber array;
  • the data processing apparatus is configured to perform image reconstruction using a virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method according to the ultrasound signal.
  • system may further include:
  • a lens group is arranged to collimate or adjust the optical path direction prior to coupling the laser pulse into the fiber bundle.
  • system may further include:
  • a drive motor configured to drive a plurality of dual focus ultrasound probes in the array of annular probes to move around the biological tissue section.
  • the data processing device includes:
  • a data acquisition card configured to acquire an ultrasonic signal collected by the annular probe array according to a preset frequency
  • the processing module is connected to the data acquisition card and configured to perform image reconstruction according to the ultrasonic signal collected by the data acquisition card.
  • the dual focus probe has a larger signal receiving angle and a smaller virtual detection point for the imaging section, thereby improving the reconstruction of the virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method.
  • Image Quality Since the dual-focus ultrasonic probe in the embodiment has a large signal receiving angle to the imaging section, the annular probe array can be formed in a sparse arrangement manner, and does not need to be densely distributed, that is, the number of probes required is small. In this way, the cost of the imaging system can be reduced.
  • the probe sparse arrangement allows the design of larger size ultrasound probes, which can improve the deep signal detection sensitivity of the tissue.
  • the amount of data acquisition required for image reconstruction can be reduced, thereby increasing the data acquisition speed and imaging speed, and advancing the depth and breadth of application of photoacoustic imaging technology in hemodynamics and clinical treatment of diseases.
  • Fig. 1A is a schematic side view showing the structure of a dual focus ultrasound probe in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the probe structure shown in FIG. 1A.
  • FIG. 1C is a side view showing the first recess of the probe structure shown in FIG. 1A.
  • FIG. 1D is a schematic side view showing the second groove of the probe structure illustrated in FIG. 1A.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing a focus signal detecting area of the dual focus ultrasonic probe in the embodiment.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing a focus signal detecting area of the dual focus ultrasonic probe in the first direction in the embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing a focus signal detecting area of the dual focus ultrasonic probe in the second direction in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing virtual point detection and signal reception of the dual focus ultrasound probe in the first direction in the embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing the structure of a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system in the present embodiment.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the coaxial distribution of the annular fiber array and the probe array in this embodiment.
  • a dual focus ultrasound probe is provided.
  • the probe includes a recessed detection surface 11 , and the numerical aperture of the recessed detection surface in the first direction 13 is larger than the numerical aperture in the second direction 12 .
  • a signal receiving angle of the recess detecting surface in the first direction 13 is greater than a signal receiving angle in the second direction 12, and a length of the focusing area of the recess detecting surface 11 in the second direction 12 Greater than the length of the focus area in the first direction 13, the first direction 13 and the second direction are perpendicular to 12.
  • the signal receiving angle of the recess detecting surface 11 in the first direction 13 is greater than that in the second direction 12
  • the upper signal receiving angle and the length of the focusing area of the recess detecting surface 11 in the second direction 12 are greater than the length of the focusing area in the first direction 13.
  • the signal receiving angle of the recessed detecting surface 11 in the first direction 13 is relatively large, and also has a small virtual detecting point, forming a strong focus.
  • the length of the focus area in the second direction 12 is relatively large, forming a weak focus, which can provide the ability to image a larger size section.
  • the image quality reconstructed by the virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method can be improved.
  • the imaging system can form a circular probe array by sparse arrangement, thereby reducing the cost.
  • sparsely arranged probe arrays allow the design of larger sized probes, Improve the deep signal detection sensitivity of the tissue, and, due to the large signal reception angle of the imaging section, the amount of data acquisition required for imaging is reduced, so that the imaging speed can be improved.
  • the length of the focus area of the recessed detection surface 11 in the second direction 12 may be 50-80 times the length of the focus area in the first direction 13. It can be seen that the length of the focus area of the recessed detection surface 11 in the second direction 12 is much larger than the length of the focus area in the first direction 13, providing the ability to image a large-sized section.
  • the probe may employ a cylinder, and the recessed detection surface is a bottom surface of the cylinder. Due to the sparse arrangement of the probe, it is allowed to design a probe of a larger size, for example, a probe having a diameter of 1 to 2 cm, thereby improving the deep signal detection sensitivity of the tissue.
  • the recessed detecting surface may be formed by bending a circular flat detecting surface by a first angle as a symmetry axis and bending a first angle and symmetrically bending a second angle by a second diameter, the first diameter being The second diameter is vertical, the first diameter is curved to form a first direction 13, and the second diameter is curved to form a second direction 12, the first angle being greater than the second angle.
  • the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the first diameter direction may be 7-9 times the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the second diameter direction.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic side view showing an optional probe
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the probe structure shown in FIG. 1A
  • FIG. 1C is a side view showing the first recess of the probe structure shown in FIG. 1A
  • FIG. 1D is a schematic side view showing the second groove of the probe structure illustrated in FIG. 1A. 1A-1D
  • the probe is a hollow cylindrical structure having a certain thickness.
  • the probe has a circular cross section, and the annular inner wall has a diameter of 18 mm.
  • Two first grooves 130 and two second grooves 120 are disposed on the sidewall of the detecting end of the probe.
  • the two first grooves 130 are symmetrically disposed along the first direction 13 and the two second grooves 120 are disposed.
  • the degree of depression of the first groove 130 is smaller than the degree of depression of the second groove 120.
  • the distance from the lowest point M of the first groove 130 to the bottom surface of the probe is H1
  • the distance from the lowest point N of the second groove 120 to the bottom surface of the probe is H2
  • the height difference between H1 and H2 is about 4 mm. That is, the numerical aperture of the concave detection surface of the probe in the first direction 13 is greater than the numerical aperture in the second direction 12, optionally, the numerical aperture in the first direction 13 is different from the numerical aperture in the second direction 12. 8 times.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is the probe
  • the numerical aperture is a dimensionless parameter that can be used to measure the angular range of the light collected by the probe.
  • the first direction 13 and the second direction 12 are indicated by broken lines.
  • the dotted line area below the cylinder in FIG. 2 is the focus signal detection area of the probe. It can be seen that the signal detection angle of the focus detection in the first direction 13 is larger, about 9 times of the second direction 12, in the second direction.
  • the signal reception angle on 12 is small, but the focal length is longer, about 64 times the first direction.
  • the dotted line is the first side of the probe. The range of focus signals on 13 is detected.
  • the dashed line is the focus signal detection range of the probe in the second direction 12.
  • the numerical aperture is 0.8
  • the focal length is 11.25 mm
  • the signal receiving angle is about 100 degrees, which is a strong focus.
  • the numerical aperture is 0.1
  • the focal length is about 90 mm
  • the signal reception angle is about 11.4 degrees, which is a weak focus.
  • the height difference between the first groove and the second groove of the probe is caused by the difference in curvature between the first direction and the second direction, and the curvature can determine the depth of focus of the probe.
  • the first one can be increased.
  • the difference in height between the groove and the second groove can reduce the difference in height between the first groove and the second groove when it is required to design the probe to be far away.
  • a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system is further provided.
  • the system includes a pulse laser, a fiber coupler, and a plurality of branch fiber bundles formed by the plurality of branches of the fiber bundle 2, and more An annular probe array formed by the above dual focus ultrasound probe 1 and a data processing device connected to the plurality of the dual focus ultrasound probes, wherein:
  • the pulsed laser is configured to emit a laser pulse
  • the fiber optic coupler is configured to couple the laser pulse into the fiber bundle
  • the annular fiber array is configured to emit an annular spot that illuminates a cross section of the biological tissue
  • the annular probe array is configured to collect an ultrasonic signal emitted by the biological tissue section under the illumination of the annular optical fiber array;
  • the data processing apparatus is configured to perform image reconstruction using a virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method according to the ultrasound signal.
  • Compressed sensing technology can be used in photoacoustic imaging systems based on sparse signal acquisition, which can show good reconstruction effects.
  • the reconstruction performance of the compressed sensing technology and the minimum information sparsity required are closely related to the signal receiving angle of the probe, while the photoacoustic imaging system is generally an unfocused or unidirectional focusing ultrasonic detecting method, which cannot provide a sufficiently large signal receiving angle.
  • the probe designed in this embodiment has a large signal receiving angle to the imaging section, and thus the image quality reconstructed by the compressed sensing image reconstruction method can be improved.
  • the annular probe array can be formed in a sparse arrangement manner, and does not need to be densely distributed, that is, the number of probes required is small. In this way, the cost of the imaging system can be reduced. At the same time, the amount of data collection can be reduced, thereby increasing the data acquisition speed and imaging speed, and advancing the depth and breadth of application of photoacoustic imaging technology in hemodynamics and clinical treatment of diseases. Because of the sparse arrangement, each probe can be used in a larger size. Because the large-sized probe can improve the detection sensitivity of deep signals in biological tissues, it can Promote deep imaging capabilities and clinical application potential of photoacoustic tomography systems.
  • the circular probe array is used to collect the ultrasonic signal of the biological tissue section irradiated by the annular fiber array, that is, the optical and optical coaxial optical transmission is adopted. Harmony signal detection mode.
  • the pulsed laser emits a laser pulse
  • the fiber coupler couples the laser pulse into the fiber bundle, and the output end of each fiber branch in the annular fiber bundle emits laser light to form a relatively uniform annular illumination spot to be irradiated on the biological tissue section.
  • the probe array collects the ultrasonic signals emitted by the irradiated biological tissue section, and the data processing device processes the collected signals to achieve fast/real-time imaging.
  • pulsed lasers can use high-energy OPO pulsed lasers with a pulse width of about 5-7 ns and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. In the near-infrared band, single-pulse energy can reach more than 10 MJ.
  • the imaging system provided in this embodiment may further include:
  • a lens group is arranged to collimate or adjust the optical path direction prior to coupling the laser pulse into the fiber bundle.
  • the laser energy coupled into the fiber bundle can be increased by collimating or adjusting the optical path direction before the laser pulse is coupled into the fiber bundle by the lens group.
  • Each of the dual focus ultrasound probes in the annular probe array needs to move along a circular trajectory as shown, so the imaging system provided in this embodiment may further include a drive motor for driving the annular probe array.
  • a plurality of dual focused ultrasound probes move around the biological tissue section.
  • the drive motor can be a stepper motor.
  • the data processing apparatus may include:
  • a data acquisition card configured to acquire an ultrasonic signal collected by the annular probe array according to a preset frequency
  • the processing module is connected to the data acquisition card and configured to perform image reconstruction according to the ultrasonic signal collected by the data acquisition card.
  • the processing module here can use a high performance computer as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the data acquisition card can use a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition card.
  • This embodiment is based on an acoustic resolution, array photoacoustic imaging system, and is developed to solve the problem of high cost, high data set acquisition and low sampling rate high quality and rapid imaging.
  • the system uses the virtual point detection-compression sensing method to reconstruct the photoacoustic image.
  • the method has been applied to the acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy imaging system (acoutic- Resolution photoacoustic microscopy, AR-PAM), extends the imaging depth of the AR-PAM by reconstructing the out-of-focus area.
  • AR-PAM acoutic- Resolution photoacoustic microscopy
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • the term “plurality” refers to two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the present disclosure provides a dual focus ultrasound probe and a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system.
  • the system can improve the image quality reconstructed by the compressed sensing image reconstruction method at a low sampling rate, and the annular probe array can be formed by using a sparse arrangement to reduce the cost of the imaging system. It also reduces the amount of data acquisition required for image reconstruction, which in turn increases data acquisition speed and imaging speed.

Abstract

A double-focusing ultrasonic probe (1) and a sparse array photo-acoustic tomography system. The probe (1) comprises a recessed detection face (11), and a numerical aperture of the recessed detection face (11) in a first direction (13) is greater than that in a second direction (12), so that a signal receiving angle of the recessed detection face (11) in the first direction (13) is greater than that in the second direction (12), and the length of a focused area of the recessed detection face (11) in the second direction (12) is greater than that in the first direction (13), wherein the first direction (13) is perpendicular to the second direction (12).

Description

双聚焦超声探头和稀疏阵列光声断层成像系统Dual-focus ultrasound probe and sparse array photoacoustic tomography system 技术领域Technical field
本公开涉及光声成像技术领域,例如涉及一种双聚焦超声探头和稀疏阵列光声断层成像系统。The present disclosure relates to the field of photoacoustic imaging technology, for example, to a dual focus ultrasound probe and a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system.
背景技术Background technique
光声成像方法是一种无损、在体生物医学成像的方法,它融合了光学和超声两种成像模式的特点,兼具光学成像的高对比度和光谱特异性、超声对深组织成像的高空间分辨率,是发展较快的生物医学成像技术之一。光声成像方法可以在探测生物组织吸收脉冲激光后,通过瞬时热膨胀而产生的超声信号,反演组织体内光能量的沉积。该成像方法可以在无外源性对比剂的情况下,依靠组织本身的光吸收对比度,实现生物体中一些与疾病相关的生理功能和参数成像,如:血红蛋白浓度、血氧浓度、氧代谢等。光声成像方法可以应用于肿瘤血管增生研究、血红蛋白和血氧浓度成像、乳腺癌诊断和心脑血管易损斑块成像等众多生物医学领域。The photoacoustic imaging method is a non-destructive, in vivo biomedical imaging method that combines the characteristics of both optical and ultrasonic imaging modes, combining high contrast and spectral specificity of optical imaging and high spatial depth imaging of ultrasound. Resolution is one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging technologies. The photoacoustic imaging method can invert the deposition of light energy in the tissue by detecting the ultrasonic signal generated by the instantaneous thermal expansion after the biological tissue absorbs the pulsed laser. The imaging method can realize the disease-related physiological functions and parameter imaging in the living body, such as hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygen concentration, oxygen metabolism, etc., without relying on the light absorption contrast of the tissue itself in the absence of the exogenous contrast agent. . Photoacoustic imaging methods can be applied to many aspects of biomedical fields such as tumor angiogenesis research, hemoglobin and blood oxygen concentration imaging, breast cancer diagnosis and cardiovascular and vascular vulnerable plaque imaging.
光声成像系统是超声阵元密集排布的光声成像系统,即该类系统的超声阵列的阵元是密集排布的。例如圣路易斯华盛顿大学Lihong Wang教授小组开发的小动物光声成像系统,成像探头可由512个中心频率为5MHz的超声阵元制成的直径为5cm的环形探测装置,每两个相邻阵元中心之间的间隔平均约为300微米,阵元排布密集,对制作工艺要求很高,导致该光声成像系统价格昂贵。此外,该系统可以配备64通道数据采集卡,此时,需要8次打光才能完成一个成像断面的光声信号采集,加上系统延迟,成像帧率只有0.625Hz,数据采集速度达不到临床快速成像的需求。又例如德国慕尼黑工业大学Vasilis教授小组开发的弧形光声断层成像系统,该系统超声探测可包含256阵元的覆盖240度角的弧形阵列,可以用于小动物断层和全身成像。该阵列阵元中心频率为3.3MHz,单阵元大小为4mm×4mm。系统光路可用包含10个分支的光纤束,产生对成像断面的环形照明,可以保证对成像区域相对均匀的光照。该系统配置线性位移台,通过样本夹移动待成像物体,实现三维扫描和成像。该系统在多通道数据采集设备下,可以达到每秒10Hz的成像帧率,基本能够满足临床应用的需求。然而,多通道数据采集设备价格昂贵。因此,超声阵元密集排布的光声成像系统具有光声成 像速度低、价格昂贵等缺点,且阵元密集排布,使得阵元尺寸较小,组织深层信号探测灵敏度低。The photoacoustic imaging system is a photoacoustic imaging system in which ultrasound array elements are densely arranged, that is, the array elements of the ultrasonic array of such systems are densely arranged. For example, the small animal photoacoustic imaging system developed by the group of Professor Lihong Wang of Washington University in St. Louis, the imaging probe can be made up of 512 ring-shaped detection devices made of 512 ultrasonic elements with a center frequency of 5 MHz, at the center of each two adjacent elements. The interval between the two is about 300 micrometers, the array elements are densely arranged, and the manufacturing process is very demanding, which makes the photoacoustic imaging system expensive. In addition, the system can be equipped with a 64-channel data acquisition card. In this case, it takes 8 times to complete the photoacoustic signal acquisition of an imaging section. In addition to the system delay, the imaging frame rate is only 0.625 Hz, and the data acquisition speed is not clinical. The need for rapid imaging. Another example is the curved photoacoustic tomography system developed by Professor Vasilis of the Technical University of Munich, Germany. The system can include an array of 256-element arc-shaped arrays covering 240 degrees, which can be used for small animal tomography and whole body imaging. The array element has a center frequency of 3.3 MHz and a single element size of 4 mm x 4 mm. The system light path can be used with a bundle of 10 branches to create a circular illumination of the imaging section to ensure relatively uniform illumination of the imaged area. The system is equipped with a linear stage to move the object to be imaged through the sample holder for three-dimensional scanning and imaging. The system can achieve an imaging frame rate of 10 Hz per second under multi-channel data acquisition equipment, which can basically meet the needs of clinical applications. However, multi-channel data acquisition devices are expensive. Therefore, the photoacoustic imaging system in which the ultrasound array elements are densely arranged has the sound and sound Such as low speed, high price and other shortcomings, and dense array of elements, making the array element size smaller, tissue deep signal detection sensitivity is low.
光声成像速度作为影响成像技术临床应用深度和广度的一个因素。在光声成像的应用领域(例如血流动力学、氧代谢、生理状态监测等)均需要高速的光声成像系统,以能够实时地跟踪、采集反映生物组织状态的信息;临床疾病诊断应用中,提高数据采集速度,可以减少病人在成像设备下的时间,让医生能够实时地获取疾病信息,有针对性的进行及时治疗。基于超声阵列探测的光声计算层析成像(photoacoustic computed tomography,PACT)技术是一种具有快速成像潜力的光声成像方式,然而,PACT成像系统的阵元数目多,数据量大,对数据采集、传输和重建都提出了很高的要求,在很多应用领域的成像速度仍达不到临床实时/快速成像需求。Photoacoustic imaging speed as a factor affecting the depth and breadth of clinical application of imaging technology. In the field of photoacoustic imaging applications (such as hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism, physiological state monitoring, etc.), high-speed photoacoustic imaging systems are needed to track and collect information reflecting the state of biological tissues in real time; clinical disease diagnosis applications Improve the data collection speed, reduce the time of the patient under the imaging device, and enable the doctor to obtain the disease information in real time and carry out targeted treatment in a timely manner. Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) based on ultrasonic array detection is a photoacoustic imaging method with rapid imaging potential. However, the PACT imaging system has a large number of array elements, large data volume, and data acquisition. High demands are placed on transmission and reconstruction, and imaging speeds in many applications still fall short of clinical real-time/fast imaging requirements.
为了减少成像所用的阵元数目,实现大区域成像的低成本、快速数据采集和成像,弗罗里达大学Huabei Jiang教授小组搭建了一套球形、三维、稀疏阵列式光声成像系统。该系统的超声探测部分是自制的球形探测装置,装置上设计了640个孔洞,分三个部分共配置了192个超声阵元。每个超声阵元外径5.5mm,3mm直径大小的有效探测面积,中心频率5MHz,每个阵元有15度的信号接收角度。该系统在球形装置的顶部照明,形成约2平方厘米的均匀照明区域。为了实现快速数据采集,配置了64通道数据采集装置(8个8通道数据采集卡构成)。在多路复用技术条件下,可以达到每秒0.3帧的三维数据采集速度和10Hz的二维成像数据采集速率。然而,该系统由于采用了超声探头的稀疏分布模式,且探头的信号接收角度非常小,因此最终的成像质量不够好。可见,稀疏信号采集方式能够有效降低数据采集规模,并降低阵列的设计成本,但是目前的稀疏信号采集光声成像系统的成像质量低,主要原因在于传统成像方法不能在低信号采集量下实现高质量的图像重建。In order to reduce the number of array elements used in imaging and achieve low-cost, fast data acquisition and imaging of large-area imaging, the team of Professor Huabei Jiang of the University of Florida has built a spherical, three-dimensional, sparse array photoacoustic imaging system. The ultrasonic detection part of the system is a self-made spherical detecting device. The device is designed with 640 holes, and 192 ultrasonic elements are arranged in three parts. Each ultrasonic element has an outer diameter of 5.5 mm and an effective detection area of 3 mm in diameter. The center frequency is 5 MHz, and each element has a signal receiving angle of 15 degrees. The system is illuminated at the top of the spherical device to form a uniform illumination area of approximately 2 square centimeters. In order to achieve fast data acquisition, a 64-channel data acquisition device (composed of eight 8-channel data acquisition cards) is configured. Under the multiplexed technology condition, a three-dimensional data acquisition speed of 0.3 frames per second and a two-dimensional imaging data acquisition rate of 10 Hz can be achieved. However, the system uses a sparse distribution pattern of the ultrasonic probe, and the signal receiving angle of the probe is very small, so the final imaging quality is not good enough. It can be seen that the sparse signal acquisition method can effectively reduce the data acquisition scale and reduce the design cost of the array, but the current image quality of the sparse signal acquisition photoacoustic imaging system is low, mainly because the traditional imaging method cannot achieve high under low signal acquisition amount. Quality image reconstruction.
可见,目前没有一种兼具成像速度快、成本低和成像质量好的光声成像系统。It can be seen that there is currently no photoacoustic imaging system that combines fast imaging speed, low cost and good imaging quality.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本公开提出了一种双聚焦超声探头和稀疏阵列光声断层成像系统,可以解决光声成像系统成本高、成像速度低及低数据采集率下成像质量差。The present disclosure proposes a dual-focus ultrasound probe and a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system, which can solve the problem of high cost, low imaging speed and low image acquisition quality of the photoacoustic imaging system.
第一方面,该双聚焦超声探头包括:凹陷探测面,所述凹陷探测面在第一方向上的数值孔径大于在第二方向上的数值孔径,使所述凹陷探测面在第一方 向上的信号接收角度大于在所述第二方向上的信号接收角度,及所述凹陷探测面在所述第二方向上的聚焦区域长度大于在所述第一方向上的聚焦区域长度,所述第一方向和所述第二方向垂直。In a first aspect, the dual focus ultrasound probe includes: a concave detection surface, the numerical aperture of the concave detection surface in the first direction is larger than the numerical aperture in the second direction, and the concave detection surface is in the first side The upward signal receiving angle is greater than the signal receiving angle in the second direction, and the length of the focusing region of the recess detecting surface in the second direction is greater than the length of the focusing region in the first direction, The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
可选的,所述凹陷探测面为将圆形平坦探测面以第一直径为对称轴对称弯曲第一角度,且以第二直径为对称抽对称弯曲第二角度形成,所述第一直径与所述第二直径垂直,所述第一直径弯曲后形成第一方向,所述第二直径弯曲后形成第二方向,所述第一角度大于所述第二角度。Optionally, the recessed detecting surface is formed by bending a circular flat detecting surface by a first angle as a first axis of symmetry, and forming a second angle by symmetrically bending a second angle, wherein the first diameter is The second diameter is perpendicular, the first diameter is curved to form a first direction, and the second diameter is curved to form a second direction, the first angle being greater than the second angle.
可选的,所述凹陷探测面在所述第二方向上的聚焦区域长度为在所述第一方向上的聚焦区域长度的50-80倍。Optionally, the length of the focus area of the recess detecting surface in the second direction is 50-80 times the length of the focus area in the first direction.
可选的,所述凹陷探测面沿所述第一直径方向的数值孔径为所述凹陷探测面沿所述第二直径方向的数值孔径的7-9倍。Optionally, the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the first diameter direction is 7-9 times of the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the second diameter direction.
可选的,所述探头为一圆柱体,所述凹陷探测面为该圆柱体的一个底面,该圆柱体的直径为1-2cm。Optionally, the probe is a cylinder, and the concave detecting surface is a bottom surface of the cylinder, and the cylinder has a diameter of 1-2 cm.
本实施例中提供的探头中,由于凹陷探测面在第一方向上的数值孔径大于在第二方向上的数值孔径,因此所述凹陷探测面在第一方向上的信号接收角度大于在所述第二方向上的信号接收角度,及所述凹陷探测面在所述第二方向上的聚焦区域长度大于在所述第一方向上的聚焦区域长度。这样的话,凹陷探测面在第一方向上的信号接收角度较大,同时也具有较小的虚拟探测点,形成强聚焦。在第二方向上的聚焦区域长度较大,形成弱聚焦,可以提供对较大尺寸断面成像的能力。当将这样的探头应用于成像系统时,可以提高低采样下、虚拟点探测-压缩感知图像重建方法所重建的图像质量,同时,由于探头的信号接收角度较大,因此成像系统可以采用稀疏排布的方式形成环形的探头阵列,降低成像系统成本。而且,由于强聚焦提供的成像断面的大信号接收角度,能够降低高质量成像所需的数据采集量,因此可以提高数据采集和成像速度。In the probe provided in this embodiment, since the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface in the first direction is larger than the numerical aperture in the second direction, the signal receiving angle of the recess detecting surface in the first direction is greater than a signal receiving angle in the second direction, and a length of the focusing area of the recess detecting surface in the second direction is greater than a length of the focusing area in the first direction. In this case, the signal receiving angle of the concave detecting surface in the first direction is large, and also has a small virtual detecting point to form a strong focus. The length of the focus area in the second direction is large, forming a weak focus, which provides the ability to image a larger size section. When such a probe is applied to an imaging system, the image quality reconstructed by the low-sampling, virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method can be improved, and at the same time, since the signal receiving angle of the probe is large, the imaging system can adopt the sparse arrangement. The cloth pattern forms a circular array of probes, reducing the cost of the imaging system. Moreover, the large signal reception angle of the imaging section provided by the strong focus can reduce the amount of data acquisition required for high quality imaging, thereby improving data acquisition and imaging speed.
第二方面,该稀疏阵列光声断层成像系统包括:脉冲激光器、光纤耦合器、光纤束的多个光纤分支排布形成的环形光纤阵列、多个上述双聚焦超声探头形成的环形探头阵列及与多个所述双聚焦超声探头连接的数据处理装置,其中:In a second aspect, the sparse array photoacoustic tomography system comprises: a pulse laser, a fiber coupler, a ring fiber array formed by a plurality of fiber branch arrangements of the fiber bundle, a ring probe array formed by the plurality of double focus ultrasound probes, and a data processing device connected to the plurality of dual focus ultrasound probes, wherein:
所述脉冲激光器设置为发射激光脉冲;The pulsed laser is configured to emit a laser pulse;
所述光纤耦合器设置为将所述激光脉冲耦合进所述光纤束;The fiber optic coupler is configured to couple the laser pulse into the fiber bundle;
所述环形光纤阵列设置为发出照射生物组织断面的环形光斑;The annular fiber array is configured to emit an annular spot that illuminates a cross section of the biological tissue;
所述环形探头阵列设置为采集所述生物组织断面在所述环形光纤阵列照射下发出的超声信号; The annular probe array is configured to collect an ultrasonic signal emitted by the biological tissue section under the illumination of the annular optical fiber array;
所述数据处理装置设置为根据所述超声信号,利用虚拟点探测-压缩感知的图像重建方法进行图像重建。The data processing apparatus is configured to perform image reconstruction using a virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method according to the ultrasound signal.
可选的,该系统还可以包括:Optionally, the system may further include:
透镜组,设置为在将所述激光脉冲耦合进所述光纤束之前进行准直或调整光路方向。A lens group is arranged to collimate or adjust the optical path direction prior to coupling the laser pulse into the fiber bundle.
可选的,该系统还可以包括:Optionally, the system may further include:
驱动电机,设置为驱动所述环形探头阵列中的多个双聚焦超声探头绕所述生物组织断面运动。A drive motor configured to drive a plurality of dual focus ultrasound probes in the array of annular probes to move around the biological tissue section.
可选的,所述数据处理装置包括:Optionally, the data processing device includes:
数据采集卡,设置为按照预设频率采集所述环形探头阵列所采集的超声信号;a data acquisition card, configured to acquire an ultrasonic signal collected by the annular probe array according to a preset frequency;
处理模块,连接所述数据采集卡,设置为根据数据采集卡所采集的超声信号进行图像重建。The processing module is connected to the data acquisition card and configured to perform image reconstruction according to the ultrasonic signal collected by the data acquisition card.
本实施例稀疏阵列光声断层成像系统中,采用的双聚焦探头对成像断面具有较大的信号接收角度,较小的虚拟探测点,因此能够提高虚拟点探测-压缩感知图像重建方法所重建的图像质量。由于本实施例中的双聚焦超声探头对成像断面具有较大的信号接收角度,因此可以采用稀疏排布的方式形成环形的探头阵列,不需要密集分布,即需要的探头数量较少。这样的话,可以减少成像系统的成本。同时,探头稀疏排布允许设计较大尺寸的超声探头,能够提高组织深层信号探测灵敏度。同时,可以降低图像重建所需的数据采集量,进而提高数据采集速度和成像速度,推进了光声成像技术在血流动力学和疾病临床治疗方面的应用深度和广度。In the sparse array photoacoustic tomography system of the embodiment, the dual focus probe has a larger signal receiving angle and a smaller virtual detection point for the imaging section, thereby improving the reconstruction of the virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method. Image Quality. Since the dual-focus ultrasonic probe in the embodiment has a large signal receiving angle to the imaging section, the annular probe array can be formed in a sparse arrangement manner, and does not need to be densely distributed, that is, the number of probes required is small. In this way, the cost of the imaging system can be reduced. At the same time, the probe sparse arrangement allows the design of larger size ultrasound probes, which can improve the deep signal detection sensitivity of the tissue. At the same time, the amount of data acquisition required for image reconstruction can be reduced, thereby increasing the data acquisition speed and imaging speed, and advancing the depth and breadth of application of photoacoustic imaging technology in hemodynamics and clinical treatment of diseases.
附图说明DRAWINGS
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明,这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定,附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件,除非有特别申明,附图中的图不构成比例限制。The one or more embodiments are exemplified by the accompanying drawings in the accompanying drawings, and FIG. The figures in the drawings do not constitute a scale limitation unless otherwise stated.
图1A示出了本实施例中双聚焦超声探头的侧视结构示意图。Fig. 1A is a schematic side view showing the structure of a dual focus ultrasound probe in the present embodiment.
图1B为图1A所示的探头结构的横截面示意图。FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the probe structure shown in FIG. 1A.
图1C为图1A所示的探头结构第一凹槽的侧视结构示意图。1C is a side view showing the first recess of the probe structure shown in FIG. 1A.
图1D为图1A所述的探头结构第二凹槽的侧视结构示意图。FIG. 1D is a schematic side view showing the second groove of the probe structure illustrated in FIG. 1A.
图2示出了本实施例中双聚焦超声探头的聚焦信号探测区域的示意图。 Fig. 2 is a view showing a focus signal detecting area of the dual focus ultrasonic probe in the embodiment.
图3示出了本实施例中双聚焦超声探头在第一方向上的聚焦信号探测区域的示意图。Fig. 3 is a view showing a focus signal detecting area of the dual focus ultrasonic probe in the first direction in the embodiment.
图4示出了本实施例中双聚焦超声探头在第二方向上的聚焦信号探测区域的示意图。Fig. 4 is a view showing a focus signal detecting area of the dual focus ultrasonic probe in the second direction in the embodiment.
图5示出了本实施例中双聚焦超声探头在第一方向上的虚拟点探测和信号接收示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing virtual point detection and signal reception of the dual focus ultrasound probe in the first direction in the embodiment.
图6示出了本实施例中稀疏阵列光声断层成像系统的结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a view showing the structure of a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system in the present embodiment.
图7示出了本实施例中环形光纤阵列与探头阵列的共轴分布示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the coaxial distribution of the annular fiber array and the probe array in this embodiment.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了能够更清楚地理解本实施例的上述目的、特征和优点,下面结合附图和可选实施方式对进行描述。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本可选实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。The above described objects, features, and advantages of the present embodiments will be more clearly understood from the following description. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the features in the optional embodiment and the embodiment may be combined with each other.
在下面的描述中阐述了很多细节以便于充分理解本实施例,但是,本公开还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施,因此,本公开的保护范围并不受以下实施例的限制。In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the embodiments, but the present disclosure may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and thus the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the following embodiments. limit.
本实施例中提供一种双聚焦超声探头,如图1A所示,该探头包括凹陷探测面11,所述凹陷探测面在第一方向13上的数值孔径大于在第二方向12上的数值孔径,使所述凹陷探测面在第一方向13上的信号接收角度大于在所述第二方向12上的信号接收角度,且所述凹陷探测面11在所述第二方向12上的聚焦区域长度大于在所述第一方向13上的聚焦区域长度,所述第一方向13和所述第二方向垂直12。In this embodiment, a dual focus ultrasound probe is provided. As shown in FIG. 1A, the probe includes a recessed detection surface 11 , and the numerical aperture of the recessed detection surface in the first direction 13 is larger than the numerical aperture in the second direction 12 . a signal receiving angle of the recess detecting surface in the first direction 13 is greater than a signal receiving angle in the second direction 12, and a length of the focusing area of the recess detecting surface 11 in the second direction 12 Greater than the length of the focus area in the first direction 13, the first direction 13 and the second direction are perpendicular to 12.
由于凹陷探测面11在第一方向13上的数值孔径大于在第二方向12上的数值孔径,因此所述凹陷探测面11在第一方向13上的信号接收角度大于在所述第二方向12上的信号接收角度,及所述凹陷探测面11在所述第二方向12上的聚焦区域长度大于在所述第一方向13上的聚焦区域长度。这样的话,凹陷探测面11在第一方向13上的信号接收角度相对较大,同时也具有较小的虚拟探测点,形成强聚焦。在第二方向12上的聚焦区域长度相对较大,形成弱聚焦,可以提供对较大尺寸断面成像的能力。当将这样的探头应用于成像系统时,可以提高虚拟点探测-压缩感知图像重建方法所重建的图像质量。同时,由于探头的信号接收角度较大,因此成像系统可以采用稀疏排布的方式形成环形的探头阵列,减少成本。此外,稀疏排布的探头阵列,允许设计较大尺寸的探头,从而 提高组织深层信号探测灵敏度,而且,由于成像断面的大信号接收角度,成像所需的数据采集量减少,因此可以提高成像速度。Since the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface 11 in the first direction 13 is larger than the numerical aperture in the second direction 12, the signal receiving angle of the recess detecting surface 11 in the first direction 13 is greater than that in the second direction 12 The upper signal receiving angle and the length of the focusing area of the recess detecting surface 11 in the second direction 12 are greater than the length of the focusing area in the first direction 13. In this case, the signal receiving angle of the recessed detecting surface 11 in the first direction 13 is relatively large, and also has a small virtual detecting point, forming a strong focus. The length of the focus area in the second direction 12 is relatively large, forming a weak focus, which can provide the ability to image a larger size section. When such a probe is applied to an imaging system, the image quality reconstructed by the virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method can be improved. At the same time, because the signal receiving angle of the probe is large, the imaging system can form a circular probe array by sparse arrangement, thereby reducing the cost. In addition, sparsely arranged probe arrays allow the design of larger sized probes, Improve the deep signal detection sensitivity of the tissue, and, due to the large signal reception angle of the imaging section, the amount of data acquisition required for imaging is reduced, so that the imaging speed can be improved.
在实施时,所述凹陷探测面11在所述第二方向12上的聚焦区域长度可以为在所述第一方向13上的聚焦区域长度的50-80倍。可见,所述凹陷探测面11在所述第二方向12上的聚焦区域长度远大于在所述第一方向13上的聚焦区域长度,提供对很大尺寸断面成像的能力。In implementation, the length of the focus area of the recessed detection surface 11 in the second direction 12 may be 50-80 times the length of the focus area in the first direction 13. It can be seen that the length of the focus area of the recessed detection surface 11 in the second direction 12 is much larger than the length of the focus area in the first direction 13, providing the ability to image a large-sized section.
在实施时,探头可采用圆柱体,所述凹陷探测面为该圆柱体的一个底面。由于探头稀疏排布,允许设计较大尺寸的探头,例如探头为一直径为1~2cm的圆柱体,而提高组织深层信号探测灵敏度。In implementation, the probe may employ a cylinder, and the recessed detection surface is a bottom surface of the cylinder. Due to the sparse arrangement of the probe, it is allowed to design a probe of a larger size, for example, a probe having a diameter of 1 to 2 cm, thereby improving the deep signal detection sensitivity of the tissue.
在实施时,所述凹陷探测面可以为将圆形平坦探测面以第一直径为对称轴对称弯曲第一角度且以第二直径为对称抽对称弯曲第二角度形成,所述第一直径与所述第二直径垂直,所述第一直径弯曲后形成第一方向13,所述第二直径弯曲后形成第二方向12,所述第一角度大于所述第二角度。In an embodiment, the recessed detecting surface may be formed by bending a circular flat detecting surface by a first angle as a symmetry axis and bending a first angle and symmetrically bending a second angle by a second diameter, the first diameter being The second diameter is vertical, the first diameter is curved to form a first direction 13, and the second diameter is curved to form a second direction 12, the first angle being greater than the second angle.
在实施时,所述凹陷探测面沿所述第一直径方向的数值孔径可以为所述凹陷探测面沿所述第二直径方向的数值孔径的7-9倍。In implementation, the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the first diameter direction may be 7-9 times the numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the second diameter direction.
图1A提供了一种可选的探头的侧视结构示意图,图1B为图1A所示的探头结构的横截面示意图,图1C为图1A所示的探头结构第一凹槽的侧视结构示意图,图1D为图1A所述的探头结构第二凹槽的侧视结构示意图。结合图1A-1D所示,该探头为中空具有一定厚度的圆柱状结构。该探头的横截面为圆环形,该圆环形的内壁直径为18mm。该探头的探测端的侧壁上设置有两个第一凹槽130和两个第二凹槽120,所述两个第一凹槽130沿第一方向13对称设置,两个第二凹槽120沿第二方向12相对设置。如图1C和1D所示,第一凹槽130的凹陷程度小于第二凹槽120的凹陷程度。可选地,第一凹槽130的最低点M距离探头底面的距离为H1,第二凹槽120的最低点N距离探头底面的距离为H2,且H1与H2的高度差为4mm左右。也即,探头的凹陷探测面在第一方向13上的数值孔径大于在第二方向12上的数值孔径,可选地,在第一方向13的数值孔径与第二方向12上的数值孔径相差8倍。其中,超声换能器即为探头,数值孔径是一个无量纲的参数,可以用以衡量该探头收集的光的角度范围。在图1A和1B中,第一方向13、第二方向12用虚线表示。在图2中圆柱下方的虚线区域为该探头的聚焦信号探测区域,可见,该聚焦探测在第一方向13上的信号接收角度较大,约为第二方向12的9倍,在第二方向12上的信号接收角度较小,但是聚焦区域长度较长,约为第一方向的64倍。在图3中,虚线为该探头在第一方 向13上的聚焦信号探测范围。在图4中,虚线为该探头在第二方向12上的聚焦信号探测范围。在第一方向13上,数值孔径为0.8,焦长为11.25mm,信号接收角度约为100度,为强聚焦。在第二方向12上,数值孔径为0.1,焦长约为90mm,信号接收角度约为11.4度,为弱聚焦。图5中示出了探头在第一方向13上的一种虚拟点探测和信号接收示意图。1A is a schematic side view showing an optional probe, FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the probe structure shown in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1C is a side view showing the first recess of the probe structure shown in FIG. 1A. FIG. 1D is a schematic side view showing the second groove of the probe structure illustrated in FIG. 1A. 1A-1D, the probe is a hollow cylindrical structure having a certain thickness. The probe has a circular cross section, and the annular inner wall has a diameter of 18 mm. Two first grooves 130 and two second grooves 120 are disposed on the sidewall of the detecting end of the probe. The two first grooves 130 are symmetrically disposed along the first direction 13 and the two second grooves 120 are disposed. Opposed in the second direction 12 oppositely. As shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D, the degree of depression of the first groove 130 is smaller than the degree of depression of the second groove 120. Optionally, the distance from the lowest point M of the first groove 130 to the bottom surface of the probe is H1, the distance from the lowest point N of the second groove 120 to the bottom surface of the probe is H2, and the height difference between H1 and H2 is about 4 mm. That is, the numerical aperture of the concave detection surface of the probe in the first direction 13 is greater than the numerical aperture in the second direction 12, optionally, the numerical aperture in the first direction 13 is different from the numerical aperture in the second direction 12. 8 times. Among them, the ultrasonic transducer is the probe, and the numerical aperture is a dimensionless parameter that can be used to measure the angular range of the light collected by the probe. In FIGS. 1A and 1B, the first direction 13 and the second direction 12 are indicated by broken lines. The dotted line area below the cylinder in FIG. 2 is the focus signal detection area of the probe. It can be seen that the signal detection angle of the focus detection in the first direction 13 is larger, about 9 times of the second direction 12, in the second direction. The signal reception angle on 12 is small, but the focal length is longer, about 64 times the first direction. In Figure 3, the dotted line is the first side of the probe. The range of focus signals on 13 is detected. In Figure 4, the dashed line is the focus signal detection range of the probe in the second direction 12. In the first direction 13, the numerical aperture is 0.8, the focal length is 11.25 mm, and the signal receiving angle is about 100 degrees, which is a strong focus. In the second direction 12, the numerical aperture is 0.1, the focal length is about 90 mm, and the signal reception angle is about 11.4 degrees, which is a weak focus. A schematic diagram of virtual point detection and signal reception of the probe in a first direction 13 is shown in FIG.
探头第一凹槽和第二凹槽的高度差是由第一方向和第二方向的曲率不同造成的,曲率可以决定探头的聚焦深度,当需要设计探头的聚焦近时,可以增大第一凹槽和第二凹槽的高度差,当需要设计探头的聚焦远时,可以减小第一凹槽和第二凹槽的高度差。The height difference between the first groove and the second groove of the probe is caused by the difference in curvature between the first direction and the second direction, and the curvature can determine the depth of focus of the probe. When the focus of the probe needs to be designed, the first one can be increased. The difference in height between the groove and the second groove can reduce the difference in height between the first groove and the second groove when it is required to design the probe to be far away.
本实施例中还提供一种稀疏阵列光声断层成像系统,如图6、7所示,该系统包括脉冲激光器、光纤耦合器、光纤束2的多个分支排布形成的环形光纤阵列、多个上述双聚焦超声探头1形成的环形探头阵列及与多个所述双聚焦超声探头连接的数据处理装置,其中:In this embodiment, a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system is further provided. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the system includes a pulse laser, a fiber coupler, and a plurality of branch fiber bundles formed by the plurality of branches of the fiber bundle 2, and more An annular probe array formed by the above dual focus ultrasound probe 1 and a data processing device connected to the plurality of the dual focus ultrasound probes, wherein:
所述脉冲激光器设置为发射激光脉冲;The pulsed laser is configured to emit a laser pulse;
所述光纤耦合器设置为将所述激光脉冲耦合进所述光纤束;The fiber optic coupler is configured to couple the laser pulse into the fiber bundle;
所述环形光纤阵列设置为发出照射生物组织断面的环形光斑;The annular fiber array is configured to emit an annular spot that illuminates a cross section of the biological tissue;
所述环形探头阵列设置为采集所述生物组织断面在所述环形光纤阵列照射下发出的超声信号;The annular probe array is configured to collect an ultrasonic signal emitted by the biological tissue section under the illumination of the annular optical fiber array;
所述数据处理装置设置为根据所述超声信号,利用虚拟点探测-压缩感知的图像重建方法进行图像重建。The data processing apparatus is configured to perform image reconstruction using a virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method according to the ultrasound signal.
压缩感知技术可以被用于基于稀疏信号采集的光声成像系统中,能够表现出良好的重建效果。然而,压缩感知技术的重建性能、需要的最少信息稀疏度均与探头的信号接收角度紧密相关,而光声成像系统一般是非聚焦或单方向聚焦的超声探测方式,不能提供足够大的信号接收角度,可能影响到压缩感知光声成像的性能。而本实施例中设计的探头对成像断面具有较大的信号接收角度,因此能够提高压缩感知图像重建方法所重建的图像质量。由于本实施例中的双聚焦超声探头对成像断面具有较大的信号接收角度,因此可以采用稀疏排布的方式形成环形的探头阵列,不需要密集分布,即需要的探头数量较少。这样的话,可以减少成像系统的成本。同时,可以降低数据采集量,进而提高数据采集速度和成像速度,推进了光声成像技术在血流动力学和疾病临床治疗方面的应用深度和广度。又由于采用稀疏排布的方式,因此每一探头可以采用较大的尺寸,由于大尺寸的探头可以提高生物组织深层信号的探测灵敏度,因此能够 促进光声层析成像系统的深层成像能力和临床应用潜力。Compressed sensing technology can be used in photoacoustic imaging systems based on sparse signal acquisition, which can show good reconstruction effects. However, the reconstruction performance of the compressed sensing technology and the minimum information sparsity required are closely related to the signal receiving angle of the probe, while the photoacoustic imaging system is generally an unfocused or unidirectional focusing ultrasonic detecting method, which cannot provide a sufficiently large signal receiving angle. May affect the performance of compression-sensing photoacoustic imaging. However, the probe designed in this embodiment has a large signal receiving angle to the imaging section, and thus the image quality reconstructed by the compressed sensing image reconstruction method can be improved. Since the dual-focus ultrasonic probe in the embodiment has a large signal receiving angle to the imaging section, the annular probe array can be formed in a sparse arrangement manner, and does not need to be densely distributed, that is, the number of probes required is small. In this way, the cost of the imaging system can be reduced. At the same time, the amount of data collection can be reduced, thereby increasing the data acquisition speed and imaging speed, and advancing the depth and breadth of application of photoacoustic imaging technology in hemodynamics and clinical treatment of diseases. Because of the sparse arrangement, each probe can be used in a larger size. Because the large-sized probe can improve the detection sensitivity of deep signals in biological tissues, it can Promote deep imaging capabilities and clinical application potential of photoacoustic tomography systems.
由于多个双聚焦超声探头形成环形探头阵列,因此可以全方位、快速的采集生物组织发出的超声信号。本实施例为了使光源有效分布在重建图像区域,提高光声断层成像的性能,利用环形探头阵列采集的是环形光纤阵列所照射的生物组织断面的超声信号,即采用声光共轴的光传输和声信号探测模式。Since a plurality of dual-focus ultrasound probes form an annular probe array, ultrasonic signals emitted by biological tissues can be collected in an all-round and rapid manner. In this embodiment, in order to effectively distribute the light source in the reconstructed image region and improve the performance of the photoacoustic tomography, the circular probe array is used to collect the ultrasonic signal of the biological tissue section irradiated by the annular fiber array, that is, the optical and optical coaxial optical transmission is adopted. Harmony signal detection mode.
本实施例中提供的成像系统的工作流程大致为:The workflow of the imaging system provided in this embodiment is roughly as follows:
脉冲激光器发出激光脉冲,光纤耦合器将激光脉冲耦合进光纤束,环形光纤束中的每个光纤分支的输出端发出激光,构成一个比较均匀的环形照明光斑照射在生物组织断面。探头阵列对所照射的生物组织断面发出的超声信号进行采集,数据处理装置对采集的信号进行处理,实现快速/实时成像。The pulsed laser emits a laser pulse, and the fiber coupler couples the laser pulse into the fiber bundle, and the output end of each fiber branch in the annular fiber bundle emits laser light to form a relatively uniform annular illumination spot to be irradiated on the biological tissue section. The probe array collects the ultrasonic signals emitted by the irradiated biological tissue section, and the data processing device processes the collected signals to achieve fast/real-time imaging.
在实际应用中,脉冲激光器可以采用高能量的OPO脉冲激光器,脉宽约5-7ns,重复频率为10Hz,在近红外光波段,单脉冲能量可以达到10MJ以上。In practical applications, pulsed lasers can use high-energy OPO pulsed lasers with a pulse width of about 5-7 ns and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. In the near-infrared band, single-pulse energy can reach more than 10 MJ.
在实施时,本实施例中提供的成像系统还可以包括:In an implementation, the imaging system provided in this embodiment may further include:
透镜组,设置为在将所述激光脉冲耦合进所述光纤束之前进行准直或调整光路方向。这里,利用透镜组将激光脉冲耦合进光纤束之前进行准直或者调整光路方向,可以提高耦合入光纤束内的激光能量。A lens group is arranged to collimate or adjust the optical path direction prior to coupling the laser pulse into the fiber bundle. Here, the laser energy coupled into the fiber bundle can be increased by collimating or adjusting the optical path direction before the laser pulse is coupled into the fiber bundle by the lens group.
环形探头阵列中的每个双聚焦超声探头需要沿着如图所示的环形轨迹运动,因此本实施例提供的成像系统还可以包括驱动电机,该驱动电机用于驱动所述环形探头阵列中的多个双聚焦超声探头绕生物组织断面运动。可选地,驱动电机可以采用步进电机。Each of the dual focus ultrasound probes in the annular probe array needs to move along a circular trajectory as shown, so the imaging system provided in this embodiment may further include a drive motor for driving the annular probe array. A plurality of dual focused ultrasound probes move around the biological tissue section. Alternatively, the drive motor can be a stepper motor.
如图6所示,本实施例中提供的成像系统中,数据处理装置可以包括:As shown in FIG. 6, in the imaging system provided in this embodiment, the data processing apparatus may include:
数据采集卡,设置为按照预设频率采集所述环形探头阵列所采集的超声信号;a data acquisition card, configured to acquire an ultrasonic signal collected by the annular probe array according to a preset frequency;
处理模块,连接所述数据采集卡,设置为根据数据采集卡所采集的超声信号进行图像重建。这里的处理模块可以采用如图6所示的高性能计算机。The processing module is connected to the data acquisition card and configured to perform image reconstruction according to the ultrasonic signal collected by the data acquisition card. The processing module here can use a high performance computer as shown in FIG. 6.
数据采集卡可以采用多通道高速数据采集卡。The data acquisition card can use a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition card.
该实施例以声学分辨率、阵列式光声成像系统为基础,为解决系统的高成本,高数据集采集量和低采样率下高质量、快速成像问题而研制。该系统采用虚拟点探测-压缩感知方法重建光声图像,为验证该方法在光声图像重建中的有效性和优越性,已将该方法用于声学分辨率光声显微成像系统(acoutic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy,AR-PAM),通过对离焦区域重建,扩展AR-PAM的成像深度。实验结果证明虚拟点能够提供更大的信号接 收角度,且与压缩感知理论相融合,能够降低数据采集率,提高光声成像质量。This embodiment is based on an acoustic resolution, array photoacoustic imaging system, and is developed to solve the problem of high cost, high data set acquisition and low sampling rate high quality and rapid imaging. The system uses the virtual point detection-compression sensing method to reconstruct the photoacoustic image. To verify the effectiveness and superiority of the method in photoacoustic image reconstruction, the method has been applied to the acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy imaging system (acoutic- Resolution photoacoustic microscopy, AR-PAM), extends the imaging depth of the AR-PAM by reconstructing the out-of-focus area. Experimental results show that virtual points can provide greater signal connections The angle of convergence, combined with the theory of compressed sensing, can reduce the data acquisition rate and improve the quality of photoacoustic imaging.
在本公开中,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。术语“多个”指两个或两个以上,除非另有明确的限定。In the present disclosure, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.
工业实用性Industrial applicability
本公开提供了一种双聚焦超声探头和稀疏阵列光声断层成像系统。该系统能够提高低采样率下压缩感知图像重建方法所重建的图像质量,通过采用稀疏排布的方式形成环形的探头阵列,可以减少成像系统的成本。还可以降低图像重建所需的数据采集量,进而提高数据采集速度和成像速度。 The present disclosure provides a dual focus ultrasound probe and a sparse array photoacoustic tomography system. The system can improve the image quality reconstructed by the compressed sensing image reconstruction method at a low sampling rate, and the annular probe array can be formed by using a sparse arrangement to reduce the cost of the imaging system. It also reduces the amount of data acquisition required for image reconstruction, which in turn increases data acquisition speed and imaging speed.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种双聚焦超声探头,包括:A dual focus ultrasound probe comprising:
    凹陷探测面,所述凹陷探测面在第一方向上的数值孔径大于在第二方向上的数值孔径,使所述凹陷探测面在第一方向上的信号接收角度大于在所述第二方向上的信号接收角度,及所述凹陷探测面在所述第二方向上的聚焦区域长度大于在所述第一方向上的聚焦区域长度,所述第一方向和所述第二方向垂直。a concave detecting surface, the numerical aperture of the concave detecting surface in the first direction is larger than the numerical aperture in the second direction, so that the signal receiving angle of the concave detecting surface in the first direction is greater than in the second direction a signal receiving angle, and a length of the focusing area of the recess detecting surface in the second direction is greater than a length of the focusing area in the first direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的探头,其中,所述凹陷探测面为将圆形平坦探测面以其第一直径为对称轴对称弯曲第一角度且以其第二直径为对称轴对称弯曲第二角度形成,所述第一直径与所述第二直径垂直,所述第一直径弯曲后形成第一方向,所述第二直径弯曲后形成第二方向,所述第一角度大于所述第二角度。The probe according to claim 1, wherein the concave detecting surface is configured to bend the circular flat detecting surface by a first angle symmetrical about a first axis and to bend the second angle symmetrically with the second diameter thereof. Forming, the first diameter is perpendicular to the second diameter, the first diameter is curved to form a first direction, and the second diameter is curved to form a second direction, the first angle is greater than the second angle .
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的探头,其中,所述凹陷探测面在所述第二方向上的聚焦区域长度为在所述第一方向上的聚焦区域长度的50-80倍。The probe according to claim 1, wherein a length of the focus area of the recess detecting surface in the second direction is 50-80 times a length of the focus area in the first direction.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的探头,其中,所述凹陷探测面沿所述第一直径方向的数值孔径为所述凹陷探测面沿所述第二直径方向的数值孔径的7-9倍。The probe according to claim 1, wherein a numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the first diameter direction is 7-9 times a numerical aperture of the recess detecting surface along the second diameter direction.
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的探头,其中,所述探头为一圆柱体,所述凹陷探测面为该圆柱体的一个底面,该圆柱体的直径为1~2cm。The probe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the probe is a cylinder, and the recess detecting surface is a bottom surface of the cylinder, and the cylinder has a diameter of 1 to 2 cm.
  6. 一种稀疏阵列光声断层成像系统,包括:脉冲激光器、光纤耦合器、光纤束的多个分支排布形成的环形光纤阵列、多个如权利要求1-5任一所述的双聚焦超声探头形成的环形探头阵列及与所述双聚焦超声探头连接的数据处理装置,其中:A sparse array photoacoustic tomography system comprising: a pulsed laser, a fiber coupler, an annular fiber array formed by a plurality of branches of the fiber bundle, and a plurality of dual focus ultrasound probes according to any one of claims 1-5 An annular probe array formed and a data processing device coupled to the dual focus ultrasound probe, wherein:
    所述脉冲激光器设置为发射激光脉冲;The pulsed laser is configured to emit a laser pulse;
    所述光纤耦合器设置为将所述激光脉冲耦合进所述光纤束;The fiber optic coupler is configured to couple the laser pulse into the fiber bundle;
    所述环形光纤阵列设置为发出照射生物组织断面的环形光斑;The annular fiber array is configured to emit an annular spot that illuminates a cross section of the biological tissue;
    所述环形探头阵列设置为采集所述生物组织断面在所述环形光纤阵列照射下发出的超声信号;以及The annular probe array is configured to acquire an ultrasonic signal emitted by the biological tissue section under illumination of the annular fiber array;
    所述数据处理装置设置为根据所述超声信号,利用虚拟点探测-压缩感知的图像重建方法进行图像重建。The data processing apparatus is configured to perform image reconstruction using a virtual point detection-compression sensing image reconstruction method according to the ultrasound signal.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的系统,还包括:The system of claim 6 further comprising:
    透镜组,设置为在将所述激光脉冲耦合进所述光纤束之前进行准直或调整光路方向。A lens group is arranged to collimate or adjust the optical path direction prior to coupling the laser pulse into the fiber bundle.
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的系统,还包括:The system of claim 6 further comprising:
    驱动电机,设置为驱动所述环形探头阵列中的多个双聚焦超声探头绕所述 生物组织断面运动。a drive motor configured to drive a plurality of dual focus ultrasound probes in the array of annular probes around said Biological tissue section movement.
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中,所述数据处理装置包括:The system of claim 6 wherein said data processing device comprises:
    数据采集卡,设置为按照预设频率采集所述环形探头阵列所采集的超声信号;a data acquisition card, configured to acquire an ultrasonic signal collected by the annular probe array according to a preset frequency;
    处理模块,连接所述数据采集卡,设置为根据数据采集卡所采集的超声信号进行图像重建。 The processing module is connected to the data acquisition card and configured to perform image reconstruction according to the ultrasonic signal collected by the data acquisition card.
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