WO2017019822A1

WO2017019822A1 - Pellet composition containing repair cells

Info

Publication number: WO2017019822A1
Application number: PCT/US2016/044367
Authority: WO
Inventors: Emma MCCULLAGH; Sebastian Bernales; David Hung
Original assignee: Medivation Technologies, Inc.
Priority date: 2015-07-29
Filing date: 2016-07-28
Publication date: 2017-02-02

Abstract

This disclosure describes compositions and methods for delivering and localizing repair cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the sites of tissue injuries, including cartilage injuries. This disclosure also describes methods for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in pellet compositions.

Description

PELLET COMPOSITION CONTAINING REPAIR CELLS

TECHNICAL FIELD

[01] The technical field to which this disclosure relates is targeted therapeutics.

[02] Each reference cited in this disclosure is incorporated herein in its entirety.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[03] FIG. 1. Photomicrographs demonstrating formation of Raji cell pellets after incubation with 10 μΜ Compound 20 for 1, 5, 15, or 30 minutes.

[04] FIGS. 2A-B. Stability of Raji cell pellets after incubation with 1 μΜ or 10 μΜ

Compound 20. FIG. 2A, 30 minute incubation. FIG. 2B, 5 minute incubation.

[05] FIGS. 3A-B. Photomicrographs demonstrating chondrogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after 21 days in chondrogenic medium. FIG. 3A, without Compound 20. FIG. 3B, in the presence of 10 μΜ Compound 20.

[06] FIGS. 4A-D. Photomicrographs demonstrating chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit MSCs in pellet cultures. FIG. 4A, rabbit MSCs incubated in chondrogenic medium without Compound 20. FIG. 4B, rabbit MSCs incubated in chondrogenic medium with Compound 20. FIG. 4C, rabbit MSCs incubated in basal medium without Compound 20. FIG. 4D, rabbit MSCs incubated in basal medium with Compound 20.

[07] FIGS. 5A-B. Photomicrographs demonstrating chondrogenic differentiation in pellet cultures of 100,000 rabbit MSCs after 21 days. FIG. 5A, rabbit MSCs incubated in chondrogenic medium without Compound 20. FIG. 5B, rabbit MSCs incubated in chondrogenic medium with Compound 20.

[01] FIG. 6. Graph demonstrating qualitative analysis of targeting of Raji cells stained with Compound 20 on different tissues.

[02] FIG. 7. Photomicrographs demonstrating targeting of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rbMSCs) incubated with Compound 20 to different organs from Balb/c mice.

[03] FIG. 8A. Photomicrographs demonstrating that Compound 4 promotes adherence of Raji cells to meniscus explants. [04] FIG. 8B. Photomicrographs demonstrating that Compound 4 and Compound 20 (FIG.

3B) promote cell adherence of Raji cells to meniscus explants.

[05] FIG. 9. Photomicrographs demonstrating the presence of Compound 4 in the knees of rats up to 24 hours after intra-articular injection.

[06] FIGS. 10A-B. Photomicrographs demonstrating that Compound 4 stains the small intestine (FIG. 10A) but not Peyer's patches (FIG. 10B) after oral administration.

[07] FIGS. 11A-11B. Photomicrographs demonstrating the location of safranin-0 and Compound 4 staining in in various tissues 24 hours after oral administration. FIG. 11A, thymus, liver, heart, lung. FIG. 11B, spleen, small intestine.

[08] FIGS. 12A-12B. Photomicrographs demonstrating the location of Compound 4 staining in in various tissues 24 hours after intravenous administration. FIG. 12A, spleen, heart, kidney, brain. FIG. 12B, liver, lung, bladder, blood.

Definitions

[09] "Aryl" refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g. , phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g. , naphthyl or anthryl) which condensed rings may or may not be aromatic. In one variation, the aryl group contains from 6 to 14 annular carbon atoms (e.g. , 6- 14, 6-13, 6-12, 6- 11, 6- 10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7- 14, 7-13, 7- 12, 7-11, 7- 10, 7-9, 7-8, 8- 14, 8- 13, 8-12, 8- 11, 8-10, 8-9, 9- 14, 9-13, 9- 12, 9-11, 9-10, 10- 14, 10-13, 10- 12, 10- 11, 11-14, 11- 13, 11-12, 12- 14, 12-13, 13- 14, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14). An aryl group having more than one ring where at least one ring is non-aromatic may be connected to the parent structure at either an aromatic ring position or at a non-aromatic ring position. In one variation, an aryl group having more than one ring where at least one ring is non-aromatic is connected to the parent structure at an aromatic ring position.

[10] "Heteroaryl" refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic group having from 2 to 10 annular carbon atoms (e.g. , 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3- 4, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6- 10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7- 10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-10, 8-9, 9- 10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10) and at least one annular heteroatom, including but not limited to heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. A heteroaryl group may have a single ring (e.g. , pyridyl, furyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g. , indolizinyl, benzothienyl) which condensed rings may or may not be aromatic. A heteroaryl group having more than one ring where at least one ring is non-aromatic may be connected to the parent structure at either an aromatic ring position or at a non-aromatic ring position. In one variation, a heteroaryl group having more than one ring where at least one ring is non-aromatic is connected to the parent structure at an aromatic ring position.

[11] "Cycloalkyl" is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon structure and can consist of one ring, such as cyclohexyl, or multiple rings, such as adamantyl. A cycloalkyl comprising more than one ring may be fused, spiro or bridged, or combinations thereof. A cycloalkyl can be a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon having from 3 to 13 annular carbon atoms (e.g. , 3- 13, 3-12, 3- 11, 3- 10, 3-9, 3-8, 3- 7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4- 13, 4- 12, 4- 11, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-13, 5- 12, 5- 11, 5- 10, 5-9, 5-8, 5- 7, 5-6, 6- 13, 6-12, 6- 11, 6- 10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-13, 7-12, 7- 11, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8- 13, 8-12, 8- 11, 8-

10, 8-9, 9- 13, 9-12, 9- 11, 9- 10, 10-13, 10- 12, 10-1 1, 11-13, 11- 12, 12-13, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,

11, 12, or 13 annular carbon atoms). Examples of cycloalkyl groups include adamantyl, decahydronaphthalenyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

[12] "Heterocyclyl" refers to a saturated or an unsaturated non-aromatic group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, and having from 1 to 10 annular carbon atoms (e.g. , 1-10, 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2- 10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-

5, 3-4, 4- 10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5- 10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8- 10, 8-9, 9- 10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10) and from 1 to 4 annular hetero atoms (e.g. , 1-4, 1-3, 1- 2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, o4 5), such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. A heterocycle comprising more than one ring may be fused, spiro or bridged, or any combination thereof. In fused ring systems, one or more of the rings can be aryl or heteroaryl. A heterocycle having more than one ring where at least one ring is aromatic may be connected to the parent structure at either a non- aromatic ring position or at an aromatic ring position. In one variation, a heterocycle having more than one ring where at least one ring is aromatic is connected to the parent structure at a non-aromatic ring position.

[13] "5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring" includes heteroaryls having 5- 10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-

6, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7- 10, 7-9, 7-8, 8- 10, 8-9, 9-10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 annular carbon atoms

[14] "C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl" means each of C 1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C 1-C5 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, C 1-C3 linear or branched alkyl, C 1-C2 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C5 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C4 linear or branched alkyl, C2-C3 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C5 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C4 linear or branched alkyl, C4-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C4-C5 linear or branched alkyl, C5-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C6 linear or branched alkyl, C5 linear or branched alkyl, C4 linear or branched alkyl, C3 linear or branched alkyl, ethyl, and methyl.

[15] "C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl" means each of C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C2- C5 linear or branched alkenyl, C2-C4 linear or branched alkenyl, C2-C3 linear or branched alkenyl, C3-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C3-C5 linear or branched alkenyl, C3-C4 linear or branched alkenyl, C4-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C4-C5 linear or branched alkenyl, C5-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C6 linear or branched alkenyl, C5 linear or branched alkenyl, C4 linear or branched alkenyl, C3 linear or branched alkenyl, and ethenyl.

[16] "C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl" means each of C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C2- C5 linear or branched alkynyl, C2-C4 linear or branched alkynyl, C2-C3 linear or branched alkynyl, C3-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C3-C5 linear or branched alkynyl, C3-C4 linear or branched alkynyl, C4-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C4-C5 linear or branched alkynyl, C5-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C6 linear or branched alkynyl, C5 linear or branched alkynyl, C4 linear or branched alkynyl, C3 linear or branched alkynyl, and ethynyl.

[17] "R_a and Rb (or R_ai and Rbi; or R_a2 and Rb₂; or R_ci and Rx; or R_c2 and Ry) are

0

'^¾ means "R_a and R_b (or R_ai and R_bi; or R_a2 and R_b2; or R_ci and Rx; or R_c2 and Ry), together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, are '^¾ ^ or ' *" ." "R_a and R_b (or

R_ai and R_bi; or R_a2 and R_b2; or R_ci and Rx; or R_c2 and Ry) are '^- means "R_a and R_b (or R_ai and R_bi; or R_a2 and R_b2; or R_ci and Rx; or R_c2 and Ry) , together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, are '^¾ ^ ." "R_a and R_b (or R_ai and R_bi; or R_a2 and R_b2; or R_ci and Rx; or R_c2

0

and Ry) are '^¾ means "R_a and R_b (or R_ai and R_bi; or R_a2 and R_b2; or R_ci and Rx; or R_c2 and

0

Ry), together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, are

[18] "Formulae (la. l)-(Ia.63)" means each of formulae (la.1), (Ia.2), (Ia.3), (Ia.4), (Ia.5), (Ia.6), (Ia.7), (Ia.8), (Ia.9), (la.10), (la.11), (la.12), (la.13), (la.14), (la.15), (la.16), (la.17), (Ia.18), (Ia.19), (Ia.20), (Ia.21), (Ia.22), (Ia.23), (Ia.24), (Ia.25), (Ia.26), (Ia.27), (Ia.28), (Ia.29), (Ia.30), (Ia.31), (Ia.32), (Ia.33), (Ia.34), (Ia.35), (Ia.36), (Ia.37), (Ia.38), (Ia.39), (Ia.40), (Ia.41), la.42), (la.43), (la.44), (la.45), (la.46), (la.47), (la.48), (la.49), (la.50), (la.51), (la.52), (la.53), la.54), (la.55), (la.56), (la.57), (la.58), (la.59), (la.60), (la.61), (la.62), and (la.63).

19] "Formulae (la)-(la.63)" means each of formulae (la), (Ia.l), (la.2), (la.3), (la.4), (la.5), Ia.6), (la.7), (la.8), (la.9), (la.10), (la.11), (la.12), (la.13), (la.14), (la.15), (la.16), (la.17), Ia.l8), (Ia.19), (Ia.20), (Ia.21), (Ia.22), (Ia.23), (Ia.24), (Ia.25), (Ia.26), (Ia.27), (Ia.28), (Ia.29), Ia.30), (Ia.31), (Ia.32), (Ia.33), (Ia.34), (Ia.35), (Ia.36), (Ia.37), (Ia.38), (Ia.39), (Ia.40), (Ia.41), la.42), (la.43), (la.44), (la.45), (la.46), (la.47), (la.48), (la.49), (la.50), (la.51), (la.52), (la.53), la.54), (la.55), (la.56), (la.57), (la.58), (la.59), (la.60), (la.61), (la.62), and (la.63).

20] "Formulae (Ib.l)-(Ib.63)" means each of formulae (Ib.l), (Ib.2), (Ib.3), (Ib.4), (Ib.5), Ib.6), (Ib.7), (Ib.8), (Ib.9), (Ib. lO), (Ib.l l), (Ib.12), (Ib.13), (Ib.14), (Ib.15), (Ib.16), (Ib.17), Ib.l8), (Ib.19), (Ib.20), (Ib.21), (Ib.22), (Ib.23), (Ib.24), (Ib.25), (Ib.26), (Ib.27), (Ib.28), (Ib.29), Ib.30), (Ib.31), (Ib.32), (Ib.33), (Ib.34), (Ib.35), (Ib.36), (Ib.37), (Ib.38), (Ib.39), (Ib.40), (Ib.41), Ib.42), (Ib.43), (Ib.44), (Ib.45), (Ib.46), (Ib.47), (Ib.48), (Ib.49), (Ib.50), (Ib.51), (Ib.52), (Ib.53), Ib.54), (Ib.55), (Ib.56), (Ib.57), (Ib.58), (Ib.59), (Ib.60), (Ib.61), (Ib.62), and (Ib.63).

21] "Formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63)" means each of formulae (lb), (Ib.l), (Ib.2), (Ib.3), (Ib.4), (Ib.5), Ib.6), (Ib.7), (Ib.8), (Ib.9), (Ib. lO), (Ib.l l), (Ib.12), (Ib.13), (Ib.14), (Ib.15), (Ib.16), (Ib.17), Ib.l8), (Ib.19), (Ib.20), (Ib.21), (Ib.22), (Ib.23), (Ib.24), (Ib.25), (Ib.26), (Ib.27), (Ib.28), (Ib.29), Ib.30), (Ib.31), (Ib.32), (Ib.33), (Ib.34), (Ib.35), (Ib.36), (Ib.37), (Ib.38), (Ib.39), (Ib.40), (Ib.41), Ib.42), (Ib.43), (Ib.44), (Ib.45), (Ib.46), (Ib.47), (Ib.48), (Ib.49), (Ib.50), (Ib.51), (Ib.52), (Ib.53), Ib.54), (Ib.55), (Ib.56), (Ib.57), (Ib.58), (Ib.59), (Ib.60), (Ib.61), (Ib.62), and (Ib.63).

22] "Formulae (Ic. l)-(Ic.63)" means each of formulae (Ic.1), (Ic.2), (Ic.3), (Ic.4), (Ic.5), Ic.6), (Ic.7), (Ic.8), (Ic.9), (Ic. lO), (Ic. l l), (Ic.12), (Ic.13), (Ic.14), (Ic.15), (Ic.16), (Ic.17), Ic.18), (Ic.19), (Ic.20), (Ic.21), (Ic.22), (Ic.23), (Ic.24), (Ic.25), (Ic.26), (Ic.27), (Ic.28), (Ic.29), Ic.30), (Ic.31), (Ic.32), (Ic.33), (Ic.34), (Ic.35), (Ic.36), (Ic.37), (Ic.38), (Ic.39), (Ic.40), (Ic.41), Ic.42), (Ic.43), (Ic.44), (Ic.45), (Ic.46), (Ic.47), (Ic.48), (Ic.49), (Ic.50), (Ic.51), (Ic.52), (Ic.53), Ic.54), (Ic.55), (Ic.56), (Ic.57), (Ic.58), (Ic.59), (Ic.60), (Ic.61), (Ic.62), and (Ic.63).

23] "Formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63)" means each of formulae (Ic), (Ic.l), (Ic.2), (Ic.3), (Ic.4), (Ic.5), Ic.6), (Ic.7), (Ic.8), (Ic.9), (Ic. lO), (Ic. l l), (Ic.12), (Ic.13), (Ic.14), (Ic.15), (Ic.16), (Ic.17), Ic.18), (Ic.19), (Ic.20), (Ic.21), (Ic.22), (Ic.23), (Ic.24), (Ic.25), (Ic.26), (Ic.27), (Ic.28), (Ic.29), Ic.30), (Ic.31), (Ic.32), (Ic.33), (Ic.34), (Ic.35), (Ic.36), (Ic.37), (Ic.38), (Ic.39), (Ic.40), (Ic.41), Ic.42), (Ic.43), (Ic.44), (Ic.45), (Ic.46), (Ic.47), (Ic.48), (Ic.49), (Ic.50), (Ic.51), (Ic.52), (Ic.53), Ic.54), (Ic.55), (Ic.56), (Ic.57), (Ic.58), (Ic.59), (Ic.60), (Ic.61), (Ic.62), and (Ic.63). [24] "Formulae (Id.l)-(Id.63)" means each of formulae (Id.l), (Id.2), (Id.3), (Id.4), (Id.5),

(Id.6), (Id.7), (Id.8), (Id.9), (Id.10), (Id.l l), (Id.12), (Id.13), (Id.14), (Id.15), (Id.16), (Id.17),

(Id.18), (Id.19), (Id.20), (Id.21), (Id.22), (Id.23), (Id.24), (Id.25), (Id.26), (Id.27), (Id.28), (Id.29),

(Id.30), (Id.31), (Id.32), (Id.33), (Id.34), (Id.35), (Id.36), (Id.37), (Id.38), (Id.39), (Id.40), (Id.41),

(Id.42), (Id.43), (Id.44), (Id.45), (Id.46), (Id.47), (Id.48), (Id.49), (Id.50), (Id.51), (Id.52), (Id.53),

(Id.54), (Id.55), (Id.56), (Id.57), (Id.58), (Id.59), (Id.60), (Id.61), (Id.62), and (Id.63).

[25] "Formulae (Id)-(Id.63)" means each of formulae (Id), (Id.l), (Id.2), (Id.3), (Id.4), (Id.5), (Id.6), (Id.7), (Id.8), (Id.9), (Id.10), (Id.l l), (Id.12), (Id.13), (Id.14), (Id.15), (Id.16), (Id.17), (Id.18), (Id.19), (Id.20), (Id.21), (Id.22), (Id.23), (Id.24), (Id.25), (Id.26), (Id.27), (Id.28), (Id.29), (Id.30), (Id.31), (Id.32), (Id.33), (Id.34), (Id.35), (Id.36), (Id.37), (Id.38), (Id.39), (Id.40), (Id.41), (Id.42), (Id.43), (Id.44), (Id.45), (Id.46), (Id.47), (Id.48), (Id.49), (Id.50), (Id.51), (Id.52), (Id.53), (Id.54), (Id.55), (Id.56), (Id.57), (Id.58), (Id.59), (Id.60), (Id.61), (Id.62), and (Id.63).

[26] "Formulae (Ie. l)-(Ie.63)" means each of formulae (Ie.1), (Ie.2), (Ie.3), (Ie.4), (Ie.5), (Ie.6), (Ie.7), (Ie.8), (Ie.9), (Ie. lO), (Ie. l l), (Ie.12), (Ie.13), (Ie.14), (Ie.15), (Ie.16), (Ie.17), (Ie.18), (Ie.19), (Ie.20), (Ie.21), (Ie.22), (Ie.23), (Ie.24), (Ie.25), (Ie.26), (Ie.27), (Ie.28), (Ie.29), (Ie.30), (Ie.31), (Ie.32), (Ie.33), (Ie.34), (Ie.35), (Ie.36), (Ie.37), (Ie.38), (Ie.39), (Ie.40), (Ie.41), (Ie.42), (Ie.43), (Ie.44), (Ie.45), (Ie.46), (Ie.47), (Ie.48), (Ie.49), (Ie.50), (Ie.51), (Ie.52), (Ie.53), (Ie.54), (Ie.55), (Ie.56), (Ie.57), (Ie.58), (Ie.59), (Ie.60), (Ie.61), (Ie.62), and (Ie.63).

[27] "Formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63)" means each of formulae (Ie), (Ie.l), (Ie.2), (Ie.3), (Ie.4), (Ie.5), (Ie.6), (Ie.7), (Ie.8), (Ie.9), (Ie. lO), (Ie. l l), (Ie.12), (Ie.13), (Ie.14), (Ie.15), (Ie.16), (Ie.17), (Ie.18), (Ie.19), (Ie.20), (Ie.21), (Ie.22), (Ie.23), (Ie.24), (Ie.25), (Ie.26), (Ie.27), (Ie.28), (Ie.29), (Ie.30), (Ie.31), (Ie.32), (Ie.33), (Ie.34), (Ie.35), (Ie.36), (Ie.37), (Ie.38), (Ie.39), (Ie.40), (Ie.41), (Ie.42), (Ie.43), (Ie.44), (Ie.45), (Ie.46), (Ie.47), (Ie.48), (Ie.49), (Ie.50), (Ie.51), (Ie.52), (Ie.53), (Ie.54), (Ie.55), (Ie.56), (Ie.57), (Ie.58), (Ie.59), (Ie.60), (Ie.61), (Ie.62), and (Ie.63).

[28] "Formulae (If. l)-(If.63)" means each of formulae (If.l), (If.2), (If.3), (If.4), (If.5), (If.6), (If.7), (If.8), (If.9), (If.lO), (If.l l), (If.12), (If.13), (If.14), (If.15), (If.16), (If.17), (If.18), (If.19), (If.20), (If.21), (If.22), (If.23), (If.24), (If.25), (If.26), (If.27), (If.28), (If.29), (If.30), (If.31), (If.32), (If.33), (If.34), (If.35), (If.36), (If.37), (If.38), (If.39), (If.40), (If.41), (If.42), (If.43), (If.44), (If.45), (If.46), (If.47), (If.48), (If.49), (If.50), (If.51), (If.52), (If.53), (If.54), (If.55), (If.56), (If.57), (If.58), (If.59), (If.60), (If.61), (If.62), and (If.63).

[29] "Formulae (If)-(If.63)" means each of formulae (If), (If.1), (If.2), (If.3), (If.4), (If.5), (If.6), (If.7), (If.8), (If.9), (If.lO), (If.l l), (If.12), (If.13), (If.14), (If.15), (If.16), (If.17), (If.18), (If.19), (If.20), (If.21), (If.22), (If.23), (If.24), (If .25), (If.26), (If.27), (If.28), (If.29), (If.30), (If.31), (If.32), (If.33), (If.34), (If.35), (If.36), (If.37), (If.38), (If.39), (If.40), (If.41), (If.42), (If.43), (If.44), (If.45), (If.46), (If.47), (If.48), (If.49), (If.50), (If.51), (If.52), (If.53), (If.54), (If.55), (If.56), (If.57), (If.58), (If.59), (If.60), (If.61), (If.62), and (If.63).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[30] This disclosure describes compositions and methods for delivering and localizing repair cells to the sites of cartilage injuries. A "repair cell" as used herein includes cells which, when exposed to appropriate conditions, differentiate into an appropriate cell type for repair of a particular target tissue, as well as cells which are at least partially differentiated into the appropriate cell type for the tissue to be repaired. For example, in some variations a repair cell differentiates into a cell which produces and secretes components needed to repair an injury to a joint (e.g., hyaline cartilage, tendon, meniscus). In some variations of the disclosed methods, a repair cell is a chondrocyte. In some variations of the disclosed methods, a repair cell is a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). Methods of obtaining, culturing, and expanding populations of MSCs are well known in the art. See, e.g., US 2004/0009157; US 2012/0148548; U.S. Patent 5,486,359; and U.S. Patent 5,226,914. Typically, autologous MSCs are used. In some embodiments, allogenic MSCs are used (e.g., MSCs obtained from banks of umbilical cord MSCs, MHC-matched MSCs, or MSCs engineered to not have comprise immunogenic MHCs).

[31] In the disclosed methods, a population of repair cells, e.g., MSCs, is incubated with a compound of formula (I), described below, under conditions sufficient for the compound to bind to the surface of the repair cells, then the population is subjected to centrifugation to form a pellet composition. A "pellet composition" as used herein, unless otherwise specified, does not imply that the pelleted have been cultured in vitro (as in the optional culture step disclosed below).

Conditions for Incubating Repair Cells with a Compound of Formula (I)

[32] Examples of conditions sufficient for a compound of formula (I), such as compound 4 or compound 20, to bind to the surface of cells are provided in the working examples, below. These conditions include incubation with the compound at room temperature for 1, 5, 15, or 30 minutes. Conditions for other compounds within the scope of formula (I) can readily be determined using the working examples as a starting point. [33] In some variations, the repair cells (e.g., MSCs) are incubated with compound 20 or a compound of formula (I) for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 minutes.

[34] In some variations, about 0.5-1 x 10⁶ repair cells (e.g., MSCs) are incubated with a compound of formula (I) (e.g., compound 4 or compound 20). In some variations, about 10⁵ repair cells (e.g., MSCs) are incubated with a compound of formula (I) (e.g., compound 4 or compound 20).

Pelleting the Repair Cells

[35] Pellet cultures of MSCs are known in the art (e.g. , US 2003/0026786; US 2005/0019865; Bosnakovski et ah, Experimental Hematology 32, 502-09, 2004; Chen et ah, PLoS One 9, e91561, 1-11, 2014; Miyanashi et ah, Tissue Engineering 12, 1419-28, 2006; Ong et ah,

Biomaterials 27, 2-87-08, 2006; Kawamura et ah, Experimental Hematology 33, 865-72, 2005; Safshekan et ah, Artificial Organs 36, 1065-71, 2012; Ullah et ah, BioResearch Open Access 1, 297-305, 2012), and examples of suitable conditions for forming a pellet of a population of MSCs after incubation of the MSCs with a compound of formula (I) are provided in the working examples, below. Pellet cultures of other types of repair cells can be similarly prepared.

Optional Culture of Repair Cell Pellet

[36] In some variations, the pellet is not cultured before applying the pellet to the site of the injury. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for varying periods of time before applying the pellet to the site of the injury, as described in the paragraphs below.

[37] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 1-21 days, 1-20 days, 1-19 days, 1-18 days, 1-17 days, 1-16 days, 1-15 days, 1-14 days, 1-13 days, 1-12 days, 1-11 days, 1-10 days, 1-9 days, 1-8 days, 1-7 days, 1-6 days, 1-5 days, 1-4 days, 1-3 days, or 1-2 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 1-21 days, 1-20 days, 1-19 days, 1-18 days, 1-17 days, 1-16 days, 1-15 days, 1-14 days, 1-13 days, 1-12 days, 1-11 days, 1-10 days, 1-9 days, 1-8 days, 1-7 days,

1- 6 days, 1-5 days, 1-4 days, 1-3 days, or 1-2 days.

[38] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 2-21 days, 2-20 days, 2-19 days, 2-18 days,

2- 17 days, 2-16 days, 2-15 days, 2-14 days, 2-13 days, 2-12 days, 2-11 days, 2-10 days, 2-9 days, 2-8 days, 2-7 days, 2-6 days, 2-5 days, 2-4 days, or 2-3 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 2-21 days, 2-20 days, 2-19 days, 2-18 days, 2-17 days, 2-16 days, 2-15 days, 2-14 days, 2-13 days, 2-12 days, 2-11 days, 2-10 days, 2-9 days, 2-8 days, 2-7 days, 2-6 days, 2-5 days, 2-4 days, or 2-3 days. [39] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 3-21 days, 3-20 days, 3-19 days, 3-18 days,

3-17 days, 3-16 days, 3-15 days, 3-14 days, 3-13 days, 3-12 days, 3-11 days, 3-10 days, 3-9 days,

3- 8 days, 3-7 days, 3-6 days, 3-5 days, or 3-4 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than for 3-21 days, 3-20 days, 3-19 days, 3-18 days, 3-17 days, 3-16 days, 3-15 days, 3-14 days, 3-13 days, 3-12 days, 3-11 days, 3-10 days, 3-9 days, 3-8 days, 3-7 days, 3-6 days, 3-5 days, or 3-4 days.

[40] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 4-21 days, 4-20 days, 4-19 days, 4-18 days,

4- 17 days, 4-16 days, 4-15 days, 4-14 days, 4-13 days, 4-12 days, 4-11 days, 4-10 days, 4-9 days, 4-8 days, 4-7 days, 4-6 days, or 4-5 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 4- 21 days, 4-20 days, 4-19 days, 4-18 days, 4-17 days, 4-16 days, 4-15 days, 4-14 days, 4-13 days,

4- 12 days, 4-11 days, 4-10 days, 4-9 days, 4-8 days, 4-7 days, 4-6 days, or 4-5 days.

[41] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 5-21 days, 5-20 days, 5-19 days, 5-18 days,

5- 17 days, 5-16 days, 5-15 days, 5-14 days, 5-13 days, 5-12 days, 5-11 days, 5-10 days, 5-9 days, 5-8 days, 5-7 days, or 5-6 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 5-21 days,

5- 20 days, 5-19 days, 5-18 days, 5-17 days, 5-16 days, 5-15 days, 5-14 days, 5-13 days, 5-12 days, 5-11 days, 5-10 days, 5-9 days, 5-8 days, 5-7 days, or 5-6 days.

[42] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 6-21 days, 6-20 days, 6-19 days, 6-18 days,

6- 17 days, 6-16 days, 6-15 days, 6-14 days, 6-13 days, 6-12 days, 6-11 days, 6-10 days, 6-9 days, 6-8 days, or 6-7 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 6-21 days, 6-20 days,

6- 19 days, 6-18 days, 6-17 days, 6-16 days, 6-15 days, 6-14 days, 6-13 days, 6-12 days, 6-11 days, 6-10 days, 6-9 days, 6-8 days, or 6-7 days.

[43] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 7-21 days, 7-20 days, 7-19 days, 7-18 days,

7- 17 days, 7-16 days, 7-15 days, 7-14 days, 7-13 days, 7-12 days, 7-11 days, 7-10 days, 7-9 days, or 7-8 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than for 7-21 days, 7-20 days, 7-19 days, 7-18 days, 7-17 days, 7-16 days, 7-15 days, 7-14 days, 7-13 days, 7-12 days, 7-11 days, 7- 10 days, 7-9 days, or 7-8 days.

[44] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 8-21 days, 8-20 days, 8-19 days, 8-18 days,

8- 17 days, 8-16 days, 8-15 days, 8-14 days, 8-13 days, 8-12 days, 8-11 days, 8-10 days, or 8-9 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 8-21 days, 8-20 days, 8-19 days, 8-18 days, 8-17 days, 8-16 days, 8-15 days, 8-14 days, 8-13 days, 8-12 days, 8-11 days, 8-10 days, or 8-9 days [45] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 9-21 days, 9-20 days, 9-19 days, 9-18 days,

9-17 days, 9-16 days, 9-15 days, 9-14 days, 9-13 days, 9-12 days, 9-11 days, or 9-10 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than for 9-21 days, 9-20 days, 9-19 days, 9-18 days, 9-17 days, 9-16 days, 9-15 days, 9-14 days, 9-13 days, 9-12 days, 9-11 days, or 9-10 days.

[46] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 10-21 days, 10-20 days, 10-19 days, 10-18 days, 10-17 days, 10-16 days, 10-15 days, 10-14 days, 10-13 days, 10-12 days, or 10-11 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 10-21 days, 10-20 days, 10-19 days, 10-18 days, 10-17 days, 10-16 days, 10-15 days, 10-14 days, 10-13 days, 10-12 days, or 10-11 days.

[47] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 11-21 days, 11-20 days, 11-19 days, 11-18 days, 11-17 days, 11-16 days, 11-15 days, 11-14 days, 11-13 days, or 11-12 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 11-21 days, 11-20 days, 11-19 days, 11-18 days, 11- 17 days, 11-16 days, 11-15 days, 11-14 days, 11-13 days, or 11-12 days.

[48] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 12-21 days, 12-20 days, 12-19 days, 12-18 days, 12-17 days, 12-16 days, 12-15 days, 12-14 days, or 12-13 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 12-21 days, 12-20 days, 12-19 days, 12-18 days, 12-17 days, 12-16 days, 12-15 days, 12-14 days, or 12-13 days.

[49] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 13-21 days, 13-20 days, 13-19 days, 13-18 days, 13-17 days, 13-16 days, 13-15 days, or 13-14 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 13-21 days, 13-20 days, 13-19 days, 13-18 days, 13-17 days, 13-16 days, 13-15 days, or 13-14 days.

[50] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 14-21 days, 14-20 days, 14-19 days, 14-18 days, 14-17 days, 14-16 days, or 14-15 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 14-21 days, 14-20 days, 14-19 days, 14-18 days, 14-17 days, 14-16 days, or 14-15 days.

[51] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 15-21 days, 15-20 days, 15-19 days, 15-18 days, 15-17 days, or 15-16 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 15-21 days, 15-20 days, 15-19 days, 15-18 days, 15-17 days, or 15-16 days.

[52] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 16-21 days, 16-20 days, 16-19 days, 16-18 days, or 16-17 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 16-21 days, 16-20 days, 16-19 days, 16-18 days, or 16-17 days. [53] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 17-21 days, 17-20 days, 17- 19 days, or 17- 18 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 17-21 days, 17-20 days, 17- 19 days, or 17-18 days.

[54] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 18-21 days, 18-20 days, or 18- 19 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 18-21 days, 18-20 days, or 18-19 days.

[55] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 19-21 days or 19-20 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 19-21 days or 19-20 days.

[56] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 20-21 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 20-21 days.

[57] In some variations, the pellet is cultured for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, or 21 days. In some variations, the pellet is cultured for less than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, or 21 days.

[58] In some of the variations about in which the pellet, e.g. , an MSC pellet, is cultured before applying it to the site of injury, the culture medium does not comprise TGFp.

[59] In some of the variations about in which the pellet, e.g. , an MSC pellet, is cultured before applying it to the site of injury, the culture medium comprises TGFp.

[60] In some of the variations about in which the pellet, e.g. , an MSC pellet, is cultured before applying it to the site of injury, the culture medium is a basal culture medium.

[61] In some of the variations about in which the pellet, e.g. , an MSC pellet, is cultured before applying it to the site of injury, the culture medium is a chondrocyte differentiation medium.

Methods of Chondrogenic Differentiation of MSCs

[62] Using the culture conditions described above, this disclosure also provides methods of differentiating MSCs in pellet cultures which do not require the use of chondrogenic medium or TGFp. See example B5, below.

Administration of a Pellet Composition to the Site of a Tissue Injury

[63] Pellet compositions comprising repair cells can be used to treat injured or diseased tissues, including, but not limited to, pancreas, kidney, intestine (e.g. , small intestine, cecum), heart, cartilage (e.g. , trachea, femoral cartilage), thymus, liver, brain, bladder, blood. Administration of a Pellet Composition to the Site of a Cartilage Injury

[64] Administration of one or more pellet compositions of MSCs can be carried out during an arthroscopic or open joint procedure and can be used to treat cartilage injuries at joints such as the acromioclavicular, carpometacarpal (finger or thumb), coracoclavicular, humeroulnar, humeroradial, radioulnar (distal, intermedial, proximal), intermetacarpal, interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, midcarpal, radiocarpal, shoulder, sternoclavicular, wrist,

temporomandibular, sternocostal, xiphisternal, lumbosacral, sacroiliac, talocrural (ankle), hip, metatarsophalangeal, tarsometatarsal, tibiofemoral (knee) joints, and zygapophyseal joints.

[65] Types of cartilage injuries which can be treated include damage to cartilage at a synovial joint occurring as a result of mechanical destruction due to trauma or progressive degeneration (osteoarthrosis; wear and tear) or associated with a disease or disorder, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or juvenile arthritis. Other injuries include damage to tendons, ligaments, and the meniscus. Use of tissue engineering, including stem cell therapy, to treat such injuries has been reviewed. See, e.g. Nesic, et al. "Cartilage Tissue Engineering for Degenerative Joint Disease," Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2006), 58(2):300-322; Johnstone, et al. "Tissue Engineering for Articular Cartilage Repair - The State of the Art," European Cells and Materials (2013) 25:248-267; Dragoo, et al. "Healing Full- Thickness Cartilage Defects using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells," Tissue Engineering (2007), 13(7): 1615-1621. Use of animal models including chondral / osteochondral defects has been discussed recently. See, e.g. Cook, et al. "Animal Models of Cartilage Repair," Bone Joint Res. (2014), 4:89-94. Bone-marrow derived MSCs, as well as human embryonic stem cells, have been shown to enhance cartilage repair in chondral defect models: Frisbie, et al. "Evaluation of Intra- Articular Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Augment Healing of Microfractures Chondral Defects," Arthroscopy (2011), 27(11): 1552- 1561; Tsaiwei, et al. "Repair of Cartilage Defects in Arthritic Tissue with Differentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells," Tissue Engineering Part A (2014) 20(3-4):683-692.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

[66] Pellet compositions can be provided in a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" carrier is a material that is not biologically or otherwise undesirable, e.g., the material may be incorporated into a pharmaceutical composition administered to an individual without causing significant undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the composition in which it is contained. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers meet the required standards of toxicological and manufacturing testing and/or are included on the

Inactive Ingredient Guide prepared by the U.S. Food and Drug administration.

Compounds

[67] The compounds depicted herein, by virtue of their cationic nature, are typically present as salts even if salts are not depicted and thus are accompanied by a pharmaceutically acceptable counterion, forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. A "pharmaceutically acceptable counterion" is an ionic portion of a salt that is not toxic when released from the salt upon administration to a recipient. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be formed with many acids, including but not limited to hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, lactic, malic, succinic, hydrogen bisulfide, salicylic, tartaric, bitartaric, ascorbic, maleic, besylic, fumaric, gluconic, glucuronic, formic, glutamic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, lactic, oxalic, para- bromophenylsulfonic, carbonic, succinic, citric, benzoic and acetic acid, and related inorganic and organic acids. Such pharmaceutically acceptable counterions thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfate, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate,

dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, caprate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-l,4-dioate, hexyne- 1,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, phthalate, terephathalate, sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, citrate, lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate, glycolate, maleate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, naphthalene- 1 -sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, mandelate and the like.

[68] Where tautomeric forms may be present for any of the compounds described herein, each and every tautomeric form is intended even though only one or some of the tautomeric forms may be explicitly depicted. The tautomeric forms specifically depicted may or may not be the predominant forms in solution or when used according to the methods described herein.

[69] Compounds useful for preparing pellet compositions described above are compounds of formula (I):

(I) wherein: each X and Y independently is a positively charged moiety selected from (a) a 5-10

membered heteroaromatic ring and (b) a multiple-fused ring system comprising at least one 6-10 membered aromatic or 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring; each Rx and Ry independently is selected from the group consisting of R, -NH₂, -NHR, -NR₂, -N(R)₃ ⁺, -NHCOR, -N0₂, -OH, -OR, halo, C1-C6 perhaloalkyl, -CN, -SH, -SR, -S0₂H, -S0₃H, -C0₂H, -C0₂R, -CHO, and -COR, wherein R is (i) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, (ii) C3-C8 cycloalkyl, (iii) C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, (iv) C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, (v) C6-C10 aryl, or (vi) C5-C10 heteroaryl; mi and m.₂ independently are 0 or an integer from 1-6;

Vi and V₂ independently are absent or are selected from -C(Rz)₂-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)0-, -C(=0)NRz-, -NRz-, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0)₂-, -S(=0)₂0-, and -S(=0)₂NR_z-, wherein each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and

L is a linker selected from the group consisting of:

(a)

, in which h is 0-6; rii is 1-4; for each independent instance of R_a and Rb, (I) R_a and Rb independently are H or CH₃, or (2)

(b) (b) , in which k is 2-10, and for each independent instance of R_a and

R_b, R_a and R_b (I) independently are H or CH₃, or (2) R_a and R_b are

or

, or (3) two of CR_aRb are

, in which li and ¾ independently are 0-4, n is

1-4; w is 1-2; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R_ai and Rbi, R_ai and Rbi (I) independently are H or CH₃, or (2) R_ai and Rbi are

or (3) two of CRaiRbi are ; for each independent instance of R_a2 and or (2) R_a2 and Rb₂ are

, in which i, ¾, oi, and 02 independently are 0-4; w is 1-2; n is 1-4; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R_ai and Rbi, (I) R_ai and Rbi independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ai and

T O

Rbi are or or (3) two of CR_aiRbi are <· ^¾ ; for each independent instance of R_a2 and Rb₂, (I) R_a2 and Rb₂ independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_a2 and R_b2 are or '^¾· or (3) two of CR_a2R_b2 are

; for each independent instance of R_ci and Rdi, (I) R_ci and

w ⁰

independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ci and Rdi are '^¾ or two of CRciRdi are ; for each independent instance of R_c2 and R_d2, (I) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_c2 and R_d2 are

W o orr a arree

(e) ^ , in which n, oi, and 0₂

independently are 1-4; w is 1-2; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R_ci and R_di, (I) R_ci and R_di independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ci and R_di independently are

each independent instance of R_c2 and Rd₂, (I) R_c2 and Rd₂ independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are '^¾ <^ or or (3) two of CR_c2Rd₂ are · ; and

(f) , in which n, 0₁, and 02 independently are 1-8; t is 1-3; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl;

T is a moiety selected from -C(=0)NH-, -NH(C=0)-, -C(=0)-, -S-, -0-, -NH-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0)₂NH-, and -NHS(=0)₂-;

Ui is a moiety selected from -C(R_ciR_di)-, -N-, -0-, or -S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R_ci and Rdi, (I) R_ci and Rdi independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ci and Rdi independently are '^¾ or ' or (3) two of CR_ciR_di are ' <· U₂ is a moiety selected from -C(R_c2R_d2)-, -N-, -0-, or -S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R_c2 and Rd₂, (I) R_c2 and Rd₂ independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are ^ or '^¾ or (3) two of CR_c2R_d2 are ^¾·

Compounds of Formula (la)

[70] In some variations, compounds of formula (I) fall within formula (la), which comprises linker (a):

(la) in which X, Y, R_x, R_Y, R, mj, m₂, Vi, V¾ Rz, R_a, ¾, and h are as defined above for formula (I).

[72] In some variations, compounds of formula (la) fall within one or more of formulae (la.1)- (Ia.63), shown below.

21



(la.61) (Ia.62)

[73] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) described in the paragraphs above, h is 0-6, 0-

5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0- 1, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-6, 4-5, 5-6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[74] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) described in the paragraphs above, rij is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) in which ni is 1

[75] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) described in the paragraphs above, ni is 1.

[76] In some variations, R_a and ¾ are both H. In some variations, R_a is H and ¾ is CH₃. In some variations, R_a and R_b are both CH₃. In some variations, R_a and R_b are "^- . In some variations, R_a and R_b are

Variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) in which ij is 2

[77] In variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) described in the paragraphs above in which ni is 2, the two instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2, respectively.

[78] In some variations, each of R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H and each of R_bi and R_b2 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai, R_a2, and R_bi is H and R_b2 is CH₃.

[79] In some variations, each of R_ai and R_bi is H and R_a2 and R_b2 are

. In some . In some variations, each of R_ai each of R_ai and R_bi is CH₃ and

R_a2 and R_b2 are [80] In some variations, R_ai is H, Rbi is CH₃, and R_a2 and Rb₂ are '^¾ . In some variations

Rai is H, Rbi is CH₃, and R_a2 and Rb₂ are ^ . In some variations, R_ai and Rbi and R_a2 and together are ^x . In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are ^¾ ^ R_a2 and Rb₂ are ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are '^¾ ^^' , and R_a2 and Rb₂ are '¾· . In some variations, R_ai and Rbi

O O

are '^¾ r ₅ and R_a2 and Rb₂ are ^^x .

Variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) in which iii is 3

[81] In variations, the three instances of R_a and Rb are indicated as R_ai and Rbi; R_a2 and Rb₂; and R_a3 and Rb₃, respectively.

[82] In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, Rb2, R_a3, and Rb₃ is H. In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is H and each of R_a3 and Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is CH₃ and each of R_a3 and Rb₃ is H. In some variations, R_ai is H and each of R_a2, R_a3 Rbi, Rb2, and Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H and each of R_a3 Rbi, Rb2, and Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai, R_a2, and R_a3 is H and each of Rbi, Rb2, and Rb₃ is CH₃.

[83] In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is H and R_a3 and Rb₃ are ^¾ * . In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is CH₃ and R_a3 and Rb₃ are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai is H and each of R_a2, Rbi, and Rb2 is CH₃, and R_a3 and Rb₃ are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H and each of Rbi and Rb2 is CH₃, and R_a3 and Rb₃ are ^¾ ^ .

O

[84] In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is H and R_a3 and Rb₃ are In

O

some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is CH₃ and R_a3 and Rb₃ are r . In some O variations, R_ai is H and each of R_a2, Rbi, and Rb₂ is CH₃, and R_a3 and Rb₃ are ^'¾· ^ . In some

O

variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H and each of R_bi and R_b2 is CH₃, and R_a3 and R_b3 are '¾· ^

[85] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾¾ ₅ R_a2 and R_b2 are ¾ "^- , and each of R_a3 and

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are "^¾ , and each of R_a3 and

Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are ^¾ ^ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are ^¾ * , R_a3 is H, and Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are "^- , R_a2 and R_b2 are "^- , and each of R_a3 and

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾ , and each of R_a3 and

Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are ^¾ ^ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are ¹ ^ , R_a3 is H, and Rb₃ is CH₃.

W ⁰

[86] In some variations 5,, RR_aaii aanndd RRb_bii aarree '^ ^¾- * ,, RR_aa22 aanndd RRb_b22 aarree '^¾· ^ ^ - ,, aanndd eeaacchh ooff RR_aa3 and

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· ^ , and each of R_a3 and

R is CH₃. In some variations, RR_aaii aanndd RRbbii aarree ^¾ ^ ,, RR_aa22 aanndd RRbb₂₂ aarree ^ ,, RR_aa33 iiss HH,, aanndd RRbb₃

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· , and each of R_a3 and

R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· *" , R_a3 is H, and R_b3 is CH₃. o o

[87] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^'¾· ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R_a3 and

O O

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '¾· ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^ ₅ and each of R_a3 and

O O

R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '¾· ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^- ^ _{5 a3} is H, and R_b3 i

O O

CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^- ^ ₅ R_a2 and R_b2 are ^ , and each of R_a3 and R_b3

O O

is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '¾· ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are ^ , and each of R_a3 and R_b3

O O

is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are A ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are A '¾· ^ , R_a3 is H, and R_b3 is

CH₃

[88] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are

, and each of R_a3 and R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are , and each of

R_a3 and R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are , Ra3 IS

H, and R_b3 is C In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are , and

R_a3 and R_b3 are

. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are

and R_a3 and R_b3 are

Variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63) in which tii is 4

[89] In variations, the four instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; and R_a4 and R_b4, respectively.

[90] In some variations, each of R_ai, R_bi, R_a2, R_b2, R_a3, R_b3, R_a4, and R_b4 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, Rb2, Ra3, Rb3, Ra4, and Rb4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, Ra2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb3 is H and each of R_a4 and Rb4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai, R_bi, R_a2, and R_b2 is H and each of R_a3, R_b3, R_a4, and R_b4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, Ra2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb3 is CH₃ and each of R_a4 and Rb4 is H. [91] In some variations, each of R_ai, R_a2, and R_a3 is H and each of R_bi, R_b2, and R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, and each of R_a2, R_b2, R_a3, and R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, and each of R_a2, R_b2, R_a3, and R_b3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H, each of R_bi and R_b2 is CH₃, and each of R_a3 and R_b3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H, each of R_bi and R_b2 is CH₃, and each of R_a3 and R_b3 is CH₃.

[92] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and Rb4 are ¹ ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are "^- .

[93] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are

^¾ ^ , and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^¾ * . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are "^- , and R_a4 and Rb4 are "^- . In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are "^- , and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, R_a2 is H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^ ^ .

[94] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are ^¾ * , R_a3 and R_b3 are

, and R_a4 and Rb4 are "^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a3 and R_b3 are "^- and R and are '^¾ ^\ In some ariations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, R_a2 and

R_b2 are

, R_a3 and R_b3 are , and R_a4 and Rb4 are . In some variations, R_ai and

R_bi are

, R_a2 and R_b2 are , R_a3 and R_b3 are , and R_a4 and Rb4 are . [95] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and O

Rb4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are H, R_a2 and Rb₂ are H, R_a3 and Rb₃ are CH₃,

O

and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and

O

R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^\ In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2

O

are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^ .

O

[96] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are ^'¾· , and R_a4

O

and Rb4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are H, R_a2 and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_a3 and Rb₃ are O O

^'¾· ^ , and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃,

O O

R_a3 and R_b3 are ^ , and R_a4 and RRbb44 aarree * ^\ In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, R_a2

OO OO

and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are ^ , and R_a4 and Rb4 are r ^* . In some variations, R_ai is H,

O O

R_bi is CH₃, R_a2 is H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are , and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· .

O O

[97] In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are H, R_a2 and Rb₂ are^'¾- ^ , R_a3 and Rb₃ are ^'¾· ^ , and

O O

R_a4 and Rb4 are '^ ^ . in some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^ , R_a3 and

O O

R_b3 are ^^x , and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 0 0 O

are'¾-^ ^ , R_a3 and R_b3 are '¾·^ ^· , and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^ ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are

[98] R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and

ns, R_ai and Rbi are '^¾ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_a3 and Rb₃ ⁰ 7

are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^''ττ·· IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR_aaii aanndd RRbbii aarree ''^¾¾ ,, RR_aa22 aanndd RRbb₂ are

O

H, R_a3 and Rb3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾· ^ .

[99] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾ , R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^¾ ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are

, R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· r . in some variations, R_ai and R_bi are "^¾ , R_; and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· . In some variations, R_ai and

Rbi are , R_a2 and Rb₂ are _¾¾ , R_a3 and Rb₃ are H, and R_a4 and Rb4 are .

[100] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are "^- , R_a3 and R_b3 are ^ , and R_a4 and R_b4 are ^'¾ ^ .

W ⁰

[101] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^¾ * , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· ^ , R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and

O W ⁰

R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^ , R a_; 3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ ^ , R_a2 and

O O

R_b2 are '¾· ^ , R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^¾ ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· ^ _{5 a3} and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾· ^ .

[102] In some variations , R_ai and R_bi are

O

, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^- . o o

[103] In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are A ^'¾· ^⁵ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are A ^'¾· ^ , R_a3 and Rb₃ are H, and

O 0 0

R_a4 and Rb4 are % '^¾ A· ^_/\ In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are _¾ '^¾A· ^ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are ¾ ^,¾ A- ^_/ , R_a3

O O

and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are A '¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are Λ '¾· ^ , R_a2 and

O O

R_b2 are A ^'¾· ^ , R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are A ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi 0 0 O

are A '¾· ^ _{5 a2} and R_b2 are A '¾· ^ , R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and Rb4 are A '¾· ^ .

[104] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are

,

O

and R_a4 and Rb4 are A <?

[105] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and

Rb4 together are wv ^<■ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, and R_a3

VV

and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 together are "^{¾ <}· . In some variations, R_ai and R_a2 are H, R_bi and

VV

R_b2 are CH₃, and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 together are ^<· .

[106] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are ^¾ * , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 together are ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 together are ' ^«· ^¾ . In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃,

R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 together are ' ^«· .

O

[107] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are A '¾· ^ ₅ and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4

O

and Rb4 together are In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾· ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃,

VV

and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 together are . In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃,

O

R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· ^^x , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 together are ' <· . o o

[108] In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are ^'¾· ^ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are ^'¾· ^ , and R_a3 and Rb₃ and

O

R_a4 and R_b4 together are In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are ^ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are

'^¾ , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ' <^■ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi O O

are '^- ^ _{5 a2} and R_b2 are ^ , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are

[109] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^¾ ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are ^¾ ^ , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ' ^«· ^ .

[110] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are ^<· , and R_a3 and R_b3

VV

and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ^«· .

Compounds of Formula (lb) [111] Some compounds fall within formula (lb), which comprises linker (b):

wherein: X, Y, Rx, Ry, R, mi, m₂, Vi, V₂, Rz, R_a, Rb, and k are as defined in formula (I).

[112] In some variations, compounds of formula (lb) fall within one or more of formulae (lb.1)- (Ib.63), shown below.



(lb.23)

(Ib.29)

(lb.35)

(lb.41)

(Ib.47)

(lb.53)

(lb.57)

[113] In some variations of formulae (Ib.l-Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above, k is 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5- 10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-10, 8-9, 9-10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 2

[114] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 2, the two instances of R_a and Rb are indicated as R_ai and Rbi and R_a2 and Rb₂, respectively.

[115] In some variations, each of R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H and each of R_bi and R_b2 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai, R_a2, and R_bi is H and R_b2 is CH₃.

[116] In some variations, each of R_ai and R_bi is H and R_a2 and R_b2 are

. In some

O

variations, each of R_ai and R_bi is H and R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R_ai and R_bi is CH₃ and R_a2 and R_b2 are

. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_bi is CH₃ and

R_a2 and Rb₂ are

[117] In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, and R_a2 and R_b2 are

. In some variations,

O u

3

R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, and R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b together are . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^- R_a2 and R_b2 are '^- . In some

O

variations 5,, RR_aaii aanndd RRb_bii aarree ''^¾¾ ^ ,, aanndd RR_aa22 aanndd RRb_b22 aarree ^''^^¾-· ^ ?~ .. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi O O

are and R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 3

[118] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is3, the three instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; and R_a3 and R_b3, respectively. [119] In some variations, each of R_ai, R_bi, R_a2, ¾2, and R_b3 is H. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, R_a2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is H and each of R_a3 and Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is CH₃ and each of R_a3 and R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai is H and each of R_a2, R_a3 R_bi, Rb2, and R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H and each of R_a3 R_bi, Rb2, and R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai, R_a2, and R_a3 is H and each of Rbi, Rb2, and Rb₃ is CH₃.

[120] In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is H and R_a3 and . In some variations, each of R_ai, R_bi, R_a2, and Rb2, is CH₃ and R_a3 and R_b3 are e variations, R_ai is H and each of R_a2, Rbi, and Rb2 is CH₃, and R_a3 and Rb₃ ar

e . In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H and each of Rbi and Rb2 is CH₃, and R_a3 and Rb₃ are

O

[121] In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb2, is H and R_a3 and Rb₃ are '^¾· ^\ In

OO

variations, R_ai is H and each of R_a2, Rbi, and Rb2 is CH₃, and R_a3 and Rb₃ are '^¾· ^ . In some

O

variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H and each of Rbi and Rb2 is CH₃, and R_a3 and Rb₃ are

[122] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and Rb2 are "^- , and each of R_a3 and

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ ^ , R_a2 and Rb2 are '^¾ ^ , and each of R_a3 and

Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are '^¾ , R_a2 and Rb2 are '^¾ , R_a3 is H, and Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and Rb2 are '^¾ , and each of R_a3 and

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are "^¾ ^ , R_a2 and Rb2 are '^¾ ^ , and each of R_a3 and

Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are "^- , R_a2 and Rb2 are "^- , R_a3 is H, and Rb₃ is CH₃. O

[123] In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are '^¾ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are '^¾· and each of R_a3 and

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· ^ , and each of R_a3 and

Rb₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are "^¾ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are ^ , R_a3 is H, and Rb₃

7 O

is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· and each of R_a3 and

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^ , and each of R_a3 and

7 O

R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ¾ '^¾ ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾·½ ^ , R_a3 is H, and R_b3 is CH₃.

O O

[124] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are , R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· and each of R_a3 and

O O

R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '¾· ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^ , and each of R_a3 and

O O

R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾· ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· ^ , R_a3 is H, and R_b3 i;

O O

CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '¾· R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^ ₅ and each of R_a3 and R_b3

O O

is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '¾· R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· and each of R_a3 and R_b3

O O

is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^,¾- R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· R_a3 is H, and R_b3 is

CH₃.

[125] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are ' <- ^x , and each of R_a3 and R_b3 is H. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are ' ^«· ^ , and each of

V V

R_a3 and R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are , R_a3 is

V V

H, and R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are , and R_a3 and R_b3 are "^- . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are , and

O

R_a3 and R_b3 are Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 4

[126] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 4, the four instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; and R_a4 and R_b4, respectively.

[127] In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, Rb2, Ra3, Rb3, Ra4, and Rb4 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, Rb2, Ra3, Rb3, Ra4, and Rb4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, Ra2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb3 is H and each of R_a4 and Rb4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rai, R_bi, Ra2, and R_b2 is H and each of R_a3, Rb₃, R_a4, and R_b4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rai, Rbi, Ra2, Rb2, Ra3, and Rb3 is CH₃ and each of R_a4 and Rb4 is H.

[128] In some variations, each of R_ai, R_a2, and R_a3 is H and each of R_bi, R_b2, and R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, and each of R_a2, R_b2, R_a3, and R_b3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, and each of R_a2, R_b2, R_a3, and R_b3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H, each of R_bi and R_b2 is CH₃, and each of R_a3 and R_b3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai and R_a2 is H, each of R_bi and R_b2 is CH₃, and each of R_a3 and R_b3 is CH₃.

[129] variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and

R_b4 are In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and R_b4 are i_n some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and are

CH₃, and R_a4 and R_b4 are In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and R_b4 are

[130] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are '^¾ ^ ^" , and R_a4 and R_b4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are "^¾ ^ , and R_a4 and R_b4 are In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are

CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_a4 and R_b4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are '^¾ , and R_a4 and R_b4 are "^- . In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, R_a2 is H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are , and R_a4 and Rb4

are

[131] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are

₅ and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾ , R_a3 and R_b3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾ ^ " . In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, R_a2 and

R_b2 are '^¾% , R_a3 and R_b3 are \ '^¾- , and R_a4 and Rb4 are ¾ '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai and

Rbi are

, R_a2 and Rb₂ are , R_a3 and Rb₃ are , and R_a4 and Rb4 are

[132] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and

O

Rb4 are ^,¾- ^ . In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are H, R_a2 and Rb₂ are H, R_a3 and Rb₃ are CH₃,

O

and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and

O

Rb₃ are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are CH₃, R_a2 and Rb₂

O

are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· r .

O

[133] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are and R_a4

O

and Rb4 are In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are

O O

'¾· *" , and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are CH₃, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃,

O O

R_a3 and R_b3 are '¾· and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃, R_a2

O O

and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a3 and R_b3 are '¾· and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ai is H,

O O

Rbi is CH₃, R_a2 is H, Rb₂ is CH₃, R_a3 and Rb₃ are '^¾· ^ , and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾· ^ . o o

[134] In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are H, R_a2 and Rb₂ are'^¾- R_a3 and Rb₃ are '^¾· and

O O

R_a4 and R_b4 are'^ ^\ In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are CH₃, R_a2 and Rb₂ are '^¾· R_a3 and

O O

Rb₃ are ^ , and R_a4 and R_b4 are ^ . In some variations, R_ai is H, Rbi is CH₃, R_a2 and Rb₂

. in some variations, R_ai and R_bi are

0 0 0 O

% '^¾ A· / R_a2 and R_b2 are % '^¾ A· / R_a3 and R_b3 are % '^¾ A· / and R_a4 and R_b4 are A ^ .

[135] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are H, R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and R_b4 are '^¾· ^ \ In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are '^¾ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_a3 and Rb₃

⁰ Γ7

are CH₃, and R_a4 and R_b4 are Λ ^\ In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are > "¾^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are

O

H, R_a3 and Rb₃ are CH₃, and R_a4 and R_b4 are ⁱ .

[136] In some vari '^¾ ^ _{5 a3} and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and R_b4 are

, R_a2 and R_b2 are ,

O

and Rb₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_a3 and Rb₃ are CH₃, and R_a4 and R_b4 are ^ . In some variations, R_ai and

O

Rbi are '^¾ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are '^¾ , R_a3 and Rb₃ are H, and R_a4 and R|

[137] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ ₅ R_a3 and R_b3 are "^- , and R_a4 and R_b4 are ^ . O

[138] In some variations, R_ai and Rbi are '^¾ , R_a2 and Rb₂ are '^¾· R_a3 and Rb₃ are H, and

O w O

R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾· ₅ R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are "^¾ ^ , R_a2 and

O O

R_b2 are '^¾· ^ _{5 a3} and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi 7 O O

are '^¾ ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^ , R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· r .

[139] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are

, R_a2 and R_b2 are R_a3 and R_b3 are

O

, and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^\

O O

[140] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '¾· R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· R_a3 and R_b3 are H, and

O 0 0

R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '¾· ^ ₅ R_a2 and R_b2 are '¾· R_a3

O O

and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '¾· R_a2 and

O O

R_b2 are ^,¾- ^ , R_a3 and R_b3 are CH₃, and R_a4 and Rb4 are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi

0 0 O

are ^^x , R_a2 and Rb₂ are ^^x , R_a3 and Rb₃ are H, and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^ .

[141]

O

and R_a4 and Rb4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[142] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are H, and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 together are ^{^} . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and Rb4 together are ' <· . In some variations, R_ai and R_a2 are H, R_bi and Rb₂ are CH₃, and R_a3 and Rb₃ and R_a4 and Rb4 together are ' ^«· ^{^} . [143] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ' <· ^<· . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are . In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃,

R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾ , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ' <· .

O

[144] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are H, R_a2 and R_b2 are and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4

O

and R_b4 together are . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^'¾· r ₅ R_a2 and R_b2 are CH₃, and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are \ In some variations, R_ai is H, R_bi is CH₃,

O

R_a2 and R_b2 are and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ' ^<· .

O O

[145] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^'¾· ^ , R_a2 and R_b2 are ^'¾· and R_a3 and R_b3 and

R_a4 and R_b4 together are " <- . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^' · , R_a2 and R_b2 are

'^¾ ^ , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ^<■ . In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are

and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ,'W<· V

[146] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ , R_a2 and R_b2 are "^- , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ' <· .

[147] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi and R_a2 and R_b2 together are , and R_a3 and R_b3 and R_a4 and R_b4 together are ' <· *· .

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 5

[148] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 5, the five instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; and R_as and R_bs, respectively. [149] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; and R_a4 and R_b4 are as described above, and each of R_as and R_bs is H.

[150] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; and R_a4 and R_b4 are as described above, and each of R_as and R_bs is CH₃.

[151] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; and R_a4 and R_b4 are as described above, R_as is H, and R_bs is CH₃.

[152] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; and R_a4 and R_b4 are as described above, and R_as and R_bs are

.

[153] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; and R_a4 and R_b4 are as

O

described above, and R_as and R_bs are '^¾ ^ .

[154] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; and R_a3 and R_b3; and R_a4 and R_b4 and and R_bs together are ^ ^{^}^i

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 6

[155] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 6, the six instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and Rb4; R_a5 and Rbs_; and R_a6 and Rb6, respectively.

[156] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; and R_as and R_bs are as described above, and each of R_a6 and R_b6 is H.

[157] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; and R_as and R_bs are as described above, and each of R_a6 and R_b6 is CH₃.

[158] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; and R_as and R_bs are as described above, R_a6 is H, and R_b6 is CH₃.

[159] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R ; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; and R_as and R_bs are as described above, and R_a6 and R_b6 are

[160] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; and R_as and R_bs

O

described above, and R_a6 and R_b6 are "^¾ ^ .

[161] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; and R_a4 and R_b4; and R_as and R_bs and R_a6 and R_b6 and R_a7 and R_b7 together are .

Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 7

[162] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 7, the seven instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and Rb4; R_a5 and Rbs_; R_a6 and Rb6; and R_a7 and Rb₇, respectively.

[163] In some variations, R_ai and Rbi; R_a2 and Rb₂; R_a3 and Rb₃; R_a4 and Rb4; R_as and Rbs_; R_a6 and R_b6 are as described above, and each of R_a7 and R_b7 is H.

[164] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs_; R_a6 and R_b6 are as described above, and each of R_a7 and R_b7 is CH₃.

[165] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs_; R_a6 and R_b6 are as described above, R_a7 is H, and R_b7 is CH₃.

[166] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs_; R_a6 and R_b6 are as described above, and R_a7 and R_b7 are

[167] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs_; R_a6

O

and R_b6 are as described above, and R_a7 and R_b7 are '^¾ .

[168] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs are as described above, and R_a6 and R_b6 and R_a7 and R_b7 together are ' ^<· . Variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) in which A: is 8

[169] In variations of formulae (Ib)-(Ib.63) described in the paragraphs above in which k is 8, the eight instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_a5 and R_b5; R_ae and R_b6; R_a7 and R_b7; and R_a8 and R_b8, respectively.

[170] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs_; R_a6 and R_b6; and R_a7 and R_b7 are as described above, and each of R_as and R_b8 is H.

[171] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs_; R_a6 and R_b6; and R_a7 and R_b7 are as described above, and each of R_as and R_b8 is CH₃.

[172] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs_; R_a6 and Rb6i and R_a7 and R_b7 are as described above, and each of R_as is H, and R_b8 is CH₃.

[173] In some variations, R_ai and Rbi; R_a2 and Rb₂; R_a3 and Rb₃; R_a4 and Rb4; R_as and Rbs_; R_a6 and Rb6i and R_a7 and R_b7 are as described above, and R_as and R_b8 are

. [174] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs_; R_a6 and Rb6i and R_a7 and R_b7 are as described above, and R_as and R_b8 are

.

[175] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi; R_a2 and R_b2; R_a3 and R_b3; R_a4 and R_b4; R_as and R_bs R_a6 and R_b6 are as described above, and R_a7 and R_b7 and R_as and R_b8 together are ' ^<- .

Compounds of Formula (Ic)

[176] Some compounds fall within formula (Ic), which comprises linker (c):

wherein: X, Y, Rx, Ry, R, mi, m₂, Vi, V¾ Rz, R_ai, Rbi, R_a2, and Rb₂ are as defined above in formula (I).

[177] In some variations, compounds of formula (Ic) fall within one or more of formulae (Ic. l)- (Ic.63), shown below.

60

61

63

64

65

66







70

71

72

73

74

Variations of formulae (Ic-Ic.63) in which w is 1

[178] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, h is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3- 4, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some of these variations, l₂ is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[179] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) described in the paragraphs above in which w is 1, l₂ is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1 and is 1 [180] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), is 1.

[181] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are both H. In some variations, R_ai is H and R_bi is CH₃.

In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are both CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ ^ . In

O

some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1 and is 2

[182] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) described in the paragraphs above in which li is 2, the two instances of R_ai and R_bi are indicated as R_ai.i and R_bi.i and R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂, respectively.

[183] In some variations, each of R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H and each of Rbi.i and Rbi.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, R_ai.2, and Rbi.i is H and Rbi.₂ is CH₃.

[184] In some variations, each of Rai.i and Rbi.i is H and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '^¾ . In some

O

variations, each of R_ai.i and R_bi.i is H and R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, each of

R_ai.i and Rbi.i is CH₃ and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are . In some variations, each of R_ai.i and Rbi.i is

0

CH₃ and R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾· ^ . some variations, R_ai.i is H, R_bi.i is CH₃, and R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ai.i

0

is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.2 together are " <^■ In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are

'^¾ . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ , and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'^- *"■ In some

0 0

variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are ^'¾· , and R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are ^'¾· <*\

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1 and is 3

[185] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which li is 3, the three instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai.i and Rbi.i; Rai.2 and Rbi.₂; and R_ai.3 and Rbi.3, respectively.

[186] In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, bi.2, ai.3, and Rb is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, bi.2, ai.3, and Rb is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and each of R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH₃ and each of R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ai.i is H and each of R_ai.₂, R_ai.3, Rbi.i, ¾ι.2, and Rbi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H and each of R_ai.3, Rbi.i_> bi.2, and Rb is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, R_ai.2, and Rai.3 is H and each of Rbi.i, Rbi.2, and Rbi.3 is CH₃.

[187] In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and R_ai.3 and Rbi.3

. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH₃ and R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 are

In some variations, R_ai.i is H and each of R_ai.₂, Rbi.i, and Rbi.2 is CH₃, and R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 are

'^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H and each of R_bi.i and R_bi.2 is CH₃, and

R_ai.3 and R_bi.3 are '^¾ <^ . [188] In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.₂, is H and R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 are

O

In some variations, each of R_ai.i, ¾ι.ι, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH₃ and R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 are ^'¾· ^ . In

0 some variations, R_ai.i is H and each of R_ai.₂, R_bi.i, and R_bi.₂ is CH₃, and R_ai.3 and R_bi.3 are ^'^- . In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H and each of R_bi.i and R_bi.₂ is CH₃, and R_ai.3 and

0

R_bi.₃ are *\

[189] In some variations, R_ai i and R_bi i are "^- , R_ai ₂ and R_bi ₂ are '^¾ , and each of R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 is H. In some variations, R_ai ₁ and R_bi ₁ are '^¾ ^ , R_ai ₂ and R_bi 2 are "^- , and each of R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai ₁ and R_bi ₁ are '^¾ , R_ai 2 and R_bi 2 are '^¾ ^ ^* , R_ai 3 is H, and R_bi 3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai ₁ and R_bi ₁ are '^¾ ^ , R_ai ₂ and R_bi 2 are '^¾ ^ , and each of R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 is H. In some variations, R_ai ₁ and R_bi ₁ are '^¾ ^ " _{5 al 2} and R_bi 2 are '^¾ , and each of R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai ₁ and R_bi ₁ are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are ^ ^ , R_ai.₃ is H, and R_bi.₃ is CH₃.

In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.2 are

and each of R_ai.;

,₁.3 is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.2 are ^'¾· and each

7 0 of R_ai.3 and R_bi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.2 are '¾· ^

Rai.3 is H, and Rbi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.2 are 0 7

Λ ^'¾· ^ ₅ and each of R_ai.3 and R_bi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '¾^¾ , R_ai.₂ and

R_bi.2 are ^'¾· and each of R_ai.3 and R_bi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ .

O

R_ai.₂ and R_bi.2 are ? R_ai.₃ is H, and R_bi.3 is CH₃. 0 o

[191] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are and each of R_ai.₃

O 0

and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '^¾· and each of

O 0

R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· ^ , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· ^ ,

O

Rai.3 is H, and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are

O 0

^'¾· r , and each of R_ai.₃ and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· ^ , R_ai.₂ and

0 0

Rbi.2 are '¾· ^ , and each of R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '¾· ^ ,

O

R_ai.2 and R_bi.₂ are ^'¾· R_ai.₃ is H, and R_bi.3 is CH₃.

[192] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ together are

, and each of

R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ together are , and each of R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ together are R_ai.3 is H, and R_b is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i and R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ together are

, and R_ai.3 and R_bi.3 are . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.2 together are , and R_ai.3 and R_bi.3 are

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1 and h is 4

[193] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R_ai and Rbi are indicated as R_ai.i and Rbi.i; Rai.2 and Rbi.₂; Rai.3 and Rbi.3; and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4, respectively.

[194] In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, Rbi.3, Rai.4, and Rbi.4 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, ¾ι.2, Rai.3, Rbi.3, Rai.4, and Rbi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is H and each of R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2 is H and each of R_ai.₃, Rbi.3, R_ai.4, and Rbi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is CH₃ and each

[195] In some variations, each of R_ai.i, R_ai.2, and R_ai.₃ is H and each of Rbi, Rb2, and Rbi.3 is

CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, and each of R_ai.₂, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, and each of R_ai.₂, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H, each of Rbi.i and Rbi.₂ is CH₃, and each of R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H, each of Rbi.i and Rbi.₂ is CH₃, and each of R_ai.3 and R_bi.₃ is CH₃.

[196] In so , R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are H, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are H, and

R_ai.4 and R_b In some variati i.i and R_bi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are H, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.3 are

CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are In some variations, Rai.i and Rbi.i are H, R, al.2 and Rbi.2 are CH₃, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ai i and Rbi i are CH₃, R_ai ₂ and Rbi ₂ are CH₃, R_ai ₃ and Rbi ₃ are CH₃, and R_ai 4 and Rbi 4 are

[197] In some variations, R_ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R_ai ₂ and Rbi 2 are H, R_ai 3 and Rbi 3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai 1 and R_bi 1 are H, R_ai ₂ and R_bi 2 are CH₃, R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are '^¾ In some variations, R_ai 1 and R_bi 1 are CH₃, R_ai 2 and R_bi 2 are CH₃, R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are . In some variations, R_ai 1 is H, R_bi 1 is CH₃, R_ai ₂ and R_bi 2 are CH₃, R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai 1 is H, R_bi 1 is CH₃, R_ai ₂ is H, R_bi 2 is CH₃, R_ai 3 and Rbi.3 are '^¾ , and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are "^- .

[198] In some variations, R_ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R_ai ₂ and Rbi 2 are '^¾ ^ , R_ai 3 and Rbi 3 are '^¾ d R_ai 4 and Rbi 4 are . In some variations, R_ai 1 and Rbi 1 are CH₃, R_ai 2 and Rbi 2 are

, R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are , and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are . In some variations, R_ai 1 is H, R_bi 1 is CH₃, R_ai ₂ and R_bi 2 are "^- ^ , R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are '^¾ some variations, R_ai 1 and R_bi 1 are '^¾ , R_ai ₂ and R_bi 2 are '^¾ ^ , R_ai 3 and R| bl.3 are

, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are . [199] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are H, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are H, and

Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are

In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are H, R_ai.₃

O

and Rbi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂

O

and Rbi.2 are CH₃, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.3 are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are '¾· In some variations, R_ai.i

O

and Rbi.i are CH₃, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are CH₃, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

0

[200] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are H, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are ^'¾·

O

and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are '¾· ^^x . In some variations, Rai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are CH₃,

O 0

Rai.3 and Rbi.3 are and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are

0 0

CH₃, Rai.2 and Rbi.2 are CH₃, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.3 are ^'¾· and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· \ In some

O

variations, R_ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, R_ai.2 and Rbi.2 are CH₃, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.3 are r" , and R_ai.4

0

and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R_ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, R_ai.2 is H, Rbi.2 is CH₃, R_ai.₃ and

0 0

Rbi.3 are ^'¾· ^ , and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

O

[201] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.2 and Rbi.2 are^'^- R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 are O O

^'¾· and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾- ^\ In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are CH₃, R_ai.2 and Rbi.2 are

In some variations, R_ai.i is H,

'¾· ^ . In v , _ai.i b

. [202] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are ' \^¾¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are H, R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are H, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are

O

'^¾· <*\ In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are

[203] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃

⁰ V7

are H, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are A In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '¾^¾ R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are "^- , R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.₄ and R_bi.₄ are '^- ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i and

R_bi _l are '^¾ ^ , R_ai ₂ and R_bi ₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_ai 3 and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.₄ are ^ .

In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are H,

O

and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are ^ .

[204] In some variations, R_al-1 and R_bi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾ , R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are

, and R_ai 4 and R_bi.4 are

[205] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are

R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are

H, and R_ai.₄ and R_bi.₄ are '^¾ In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and R_M.₂ are O O

'¾· < \ R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.₄ and R_bi.4 are In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i

7 O O

are '^- ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bL2 are '¾· R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.₄ and R_bi.₄ are <*\ In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are "^- , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾· R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are H, and

O

R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are ^'¾· <*\ [206] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are

'^¾ , and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^\

0 O

[207] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are

O O

H, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are O 0

^'¾· r , R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i 0 0 0 are '¾· <*\ R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '¾· R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are '¾· <*\ In

0 O

some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are H, and

O

R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are ^'¾· r .

0 O

[208] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· ?~ , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are O 0

^'¾· r , and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^\

[209] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are H, and R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ and

R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi are H, R_ai.₂ and Rb₂ are

CH₃, and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ' ^«· ^<· . In some variations, R_ai.i and

VV

Rai.2 are H, Rbi and Rb₂ are CH₃, and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are .

[210] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '^¾ , and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ ^ ^* , R_ai.₂ and vv

R_bi 2 are CH₃, and R_ai ₃ and R_bi ₃ and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 together are ^<■ . In some variations, bi.i is CH₃, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together

are 0

[211] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '¾· and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃

0

and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ^¾ . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'τ- ^ , R_ai.₂ and

Rbi.2 are CH₃, and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ^<· . In some variations,

O

Rai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ^{^ <}· .

0 O

[212] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃

and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 together are ^<· . In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are , R_ai.₂ and

Rbi.2 are '^¾ ^ ^* , and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are ' ^«· ^<· . In some variations,

O O

R_ai.i and Rbi.i are A ^'¾· ^ ₅ R_{al 2} and Rbi.₂ are A ^'¾· *~ , and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are .

[213] In some variations, R_ai.i and are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai.₃ and

Rbi.3 and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are

[214] In some variations, R_ai i and R_bi i and R_ai ₂ and R_bi ₂ together are , and R_ai ₃ and

Rbi.3 and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and is 1

[215] In some variations, R_a2 and R_b2 are both H. In some variations, R_a2 is H and R_b2 is CH₃.

In some variations, R_a2 and R_b2 are both CH₃. In some variations, R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾ . In

O

some variations, R_a2 and R_b2 are A '^¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and h is 2

[216] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) described in the paragraphs above in which li is 2, the two instances of R_a2 and R_b2 are indicated as R_a2.i and R_b2.i and R_a2.₂ and R_b2.2, respectively. [217] In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_b2.i and R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and Rb₂.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H and each of Rb₂.i and Rb₂.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, R_a2.2, and Rb₂.i is H and R_b2.₂ is CH₃.

[218] In some variations, each of R_a2.i and Rb₂.i is H and R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.2 are

· In some

O

variations, each of R_a2 1 and R_b2 1 is H and R_{a2 2} and R_{b2 2} are "^¾ ^ · In some variations, each of

R_a2.i and Rb₂.i is CH₃ and R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.2 are "^- . In some variations, each of R_a2.i and Rb2.i is

0

CH₃ and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^ .

some variations, R_a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH₃, and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i

0

is H, Rb2.i is CH₃, and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.₂ and

Rb2.2 together are "^¾ . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are

'^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ , and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^\ In some

0 0

variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '¾· , and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are '¾· <*\

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and is 3

[219] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which li is 3, the three instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_a2.i and Rb2.i; ¾2.2 and Rb2.2i and R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3, respectively.

[220] In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, ¾2.2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, Rb2.2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Ra2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is H and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Ra2.i, bii, ¾2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH₃ and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R_a2.i is H and each of R_a2.₂, R_a2.3_, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H and each of R_a2.₃, Rb2.i, Rb2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, R_a2.2, and Ra2.3 is H and each of Rb2.i, Rb2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. [221] In some variations, each of R_a2 1, R_b2 1, R_{a2 2}, and R_{b2 2}, is H and R_a2 3 and R_b2 3 are ^

. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, ¾2.ι, ¾2.2, and Rb₂.2, is CH₃ and R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are

. In some variations, R_a2 1 is H and each of R_{a2 2}, Rb2 1, and Rb2 2 is CH₃, and R_a2 3 and Rb2 3 are some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.2 is H and each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH₃, and

^\

O

[222] In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is H and R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are ^'¾· ^ .

O

In some variations, each of R_a2.i, ¾2.ι, ¾2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH₃ and R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are ^^x . In

0 some variations, R_a2.i is H and each of R_a2.2, Rb2.i, and Rb2.2 is CH₃, and R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.2 is H and each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH₃, and R_a2.3 and

0

b2.3 are '^

[223] In some variations, R_a2 1 and Rb2 1 are "^- , R_a2 2 and Rb2 2 are '^¾ , and each of R_a23 and Rb23 is H. In some variations, R_a21 and Rb2 1 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2 2 and Rb2 2 are "^- , and each of R_a23 and Rb23 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2 1 and Rb2 1 are '^¾ ^ , R_a22 and Rb2 2 are "^- , Ra23 is H, and Rb23 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2 1 and Rb21 are '^¾ ^ , R_a22 and Rb2 2 are '^¾ , and each of R_a2 3 and R_b23 is H. In some variations, R_a2 1 and Rb21 are '^¾ , R_a22 and Rb2 2 are '^¾ , and each of R_a23 and Rb23 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2 1 and Rb2 1 are '^¾ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₃ is H, and R_b2.3 is CH₃.

[224] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ , R_a2.2 and Rb2.2 are

and each of R_a2.3

0

and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.2 and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· , and each

0 of R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.2 Ra2.3 is H, and Rb₂.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are ' , ¾2.2 and Rb₂.2 are

Rb2.2 are ^'¾· , and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ ^ ,

O

R_a2.₂ and R_b2.2 are '^¾· * R_a2.₃ is H, and R_b2.3 is CH₃.

0 O

[225] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· ?~ , R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· and each of R_a2.₃

O 0

and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· and each of

¾2.3 and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are

,

O

Ra2.3 is H, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· R_{a2 2} and Rb2.2 are

O 0

'¾· , and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '¾· ^ , R_a2.₂ and

0 0

Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· ^ ,

O

R_a2.₂ and R_b2.2 are ^'¾· <* R_a2.₃ is H, and R_b2.3 is CH₃.

[226] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 together are ^ , and each of

V\V

Ra2.3 and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 together are , and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 together are % R_a2.₃ is H, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 tog aeetthheerr aarree ' <- , aanndd RR_aa22..₃₃ aanndd RRbb22..33 aarree ''^¾¾ .. IInn some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.₂

O

and Rb2.2 together are ' ^«· ^<· , and R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and ¾ is 4

[227] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R_a2 and Rb2 are indicated as R_a2.i and Rb2.i; Ra2.2 and Rb2.2; Ra2.3 and Rb2.3; and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4, respectively. [228] In some variations, each of R_a2.i, ¾2, Ra2.2, ¾2, Ra2.3, ¾2.3, Ra2.4, and R_b2.₄ is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2, Ra2.2, Rb2, Ra2.3, Rb2.3, Ra2.4, and Rb2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2, Ra2.2, Rb2, R_a2.3, and Rb2.3 is H and each of R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2, R_a2.2, and Rb2 is H and each of R_a2.₃, Rb2.3, ¾2.4, and Rb2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2, ¾2.2, ¾2, R_a2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH₃ and each of R_a2.4 and

R_b2.4 lS H.

[229] In some variations, each of R_a2.i, R_a2.2, and R_a2.₃ is H and each of Rb2, Rb2, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i is H, Rb₂ is CH₃, and each of R_a2.₂, Rb₂, ¾₂.3, and Rb₂.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i is H, Rb₂ is CH₃, and each of R_a2.₂, Rb₂, ¾₂.3, and Rb₂.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H, each of Rb₂ and Rb₂ is CH₃, and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H, each of Rb₂ and Rb₂ is CH₃, and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is CH₃.

[230] In so H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are H, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.3 are H, and

¾₂.4 and R_b s, R_a2.i and R_b2 are H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are H, R_a2.₃ and

¾₂.3 are C

. In some variati R_a2.i and R_b2 are H, R_a2.₂ and are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.3 are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are

. In some variations, R_a2.i and

Rb₂ are CH₃, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are

[231] In some variations, R_a2 1 and Rb₂ are H, R_a22 and Rb₂ are H, R_{a2 3} and Rb₂3 a

re , and R_a24 and Rb₂ 4 are "^¾ . In some variations, R_a2 1 and Rb₂ are H, R_{a2 2} and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_{a2 3} and R_b23 are '^¾ , and R_a2 4 and R_b24 are '^¾ In some variations, R_a2 1 and R_b2 are CH₃, R_{a2 2} and R_b2 are CH₃, R_{a2 3} and R_b2 3 are '^¾ , and R_a24 and R_b2 4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_a2 1 is H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_{a2 2} and R_b2 are CH₃, R_{a2 3} and R_b23 are '^¾ , and R_a2 4 and Rb₂ 1 is H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_{a2 2} is H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_{a2 3} and R_b23 are

. [232] In some variations, R_a2 1 and R_b2 are H, R_{a2 2} and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2 3 and R_b2 3 are '^¾ d R_a2 4 and R_b24 are In some variations, R_a and R_b2 are CH₃, R_{a2 2} and R_b2 are

, R_a2.3 and Rb₂.3 are , and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are . In some variations, R_a2.i is

H, Rb₂ is CH₃, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are '^¾¾ ^ , R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.3 are ¼ '^¾·¾ ^ , and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are ' V^¾¾ ^ .

In some variations, R_a2 1 and Rb₂ are ¾ "^- , R_{a2 2} and Rb₂ are ' 3¾^¾ ^ " , R_a2 3 and Rb₂ 3 are ¾ '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are '^¾ ^ \

[233] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂ are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are H, R_a2.3 and Rb₂.3 are H, and

O

Ra2.4 and Rb₂.4 are ^'¾· * \ In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂ are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are H, R_a2.3 and

O

Rb2.3 are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^\ In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2 are H, R_a2.₂ and

0

Rb2 are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^ . in some variations, R_a2.i and

0

Rb2 are CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.3 are CH₃, and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.4 are A '^¾· ^ .

0

[234] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2 are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb2 are H, R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are A '^¾· and

O

Ra2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^'¾· *" . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2 are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb2 are CH₃, R_a2.₃

0 0

and Rb2.3 are A ^'¾· and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2 are CH₃,

0 0

Ra2.2 and Rb2 are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are A ^ , and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A '¾· ^ . In some

O

variations, R_a2.i is H, Rb2 is CH₃, R_a2.₂ and Rb2 are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are A ^'¾· and R_a2.4 and

0

Rb2.4 are A '^¾· . In some variations, R_a2.i is H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_a2.₂ is H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.3 O O

are A and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are A ^\ [235] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are H, R_a2.₂ and

0 0 and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are'^ ^\ In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are '^¾·

O 0

Ra2.3 and Rb₂.3 are ^'^- and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R_a2.i is H, Rb₂ is CH₃,

Ra2.2

In some

0 0 0

variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂ are ^'¾· R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are y ^'¾· <*\ R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.₃ are ^'¾· and R_a2.4

0

and Rb₂.4 are ^ .

[236] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂ are "^- , R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are H, R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.3 are H, and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are CH₃,

O

¾2.3 and Rb2.3 are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^^x . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2 are

[237] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2 are '^¾ ^ ^* , R_a2.₂ and Rb2 are '^¾ , R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are

V

H, and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2 are '^¾ , R_a2.₂ and R b| 2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and R| are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and Rb2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₃ and Rb2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2 are '^¾ , R_a2.₂ and Rb2 are "^- ₅ R_{a2 3} and Rb2.3 are H, and

O

R_a2.₄ and R_b2.4 are ^ .

[238] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2 are "^- , R_a2.₂ and Rb2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are w 0

'^¾ ^ , and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ 0

[239] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are '^¾ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are

H, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are O 0

^'¾· r , R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are ^'¾· . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 7 0 0

are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾· R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are ^\ In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are ^'¾· R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are H, and R_a2.4

[240] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are '^¾ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾· R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are ^'¾· ^\

0 O

[241] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are '^¾· ?~ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾· R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are H,

O O

and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are ^'¾· R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are

O 0

'¾· r ₅ R_{a2 3} and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 0 0 0

are '^¾· R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾· R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are '^¾· ^\ In some

0 O

variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are A ^'¾· R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are A ^'¾· R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are H, and R_a2.4 and

0 O

[242] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are A ^'¾· R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are A ^'¾· R_a2.₃ and R b| 2.3 are O 0

A ^'¾· ^r " , and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are A ^'^- ^ ·

[243] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂ are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are H, and R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.3 and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are ^x . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, and R_a2.3 and R_b2.3 and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are " ^«· . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ are H, R_b2 and R_b2 are CH₃, and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are ^{^} .

[244] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ and

Ra2.4 and R_b2.4 together are '' ^««·· **·· .. IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR_aa22..ii aanndd RR_bb22 a arree ''^^-- ,, RR_aa22..₂₂ aanndd R_b2 are CH₃, and R_{a2 3} and R_b23 and R_a2 4 and R_b2 4 together are In some variations, R_a2 1 is

H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_a2 2 and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2 3 and R_b23 and R_a2 4 and R_b2 4 together are

0

[245] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂ are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are ^'¾· ? and R_a2.3 and Rb₂.3 and

O

¾2.4 and R_b2.4 together are . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are ^'¾· R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.3 and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are . In some variations, R_a2.i is

O

H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_a2 2 and R_b2 are '¾· ^^x , and R_a2 3 and R_b23 and R_a2 4 and R_b2 4 together are

0 O

[246] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are R_a2.₂ and R_b2 are ^ ₅ and R_a2.3 and R_b2.3

0

and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 are ^ , R_a2.₂ and

R_b2 are '^- , and R_a2.3 and R_b2.3 and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are . In some variations,

O O

R_a2 1 and R_b2 are ^ " , R_{a2 2} and R_b2 are ^^x , and R_a2 3 and R_b2 3 and R_a2 4 and R_b2 4 together are

[247] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂ are "^- , R_a2.₂ and Rb₂ are '^¾ , and R_a2.3 and Rb₂.3 and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are .

[248] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2 and R_a2.₂ and R_b2 together are ^ , and R_a2.3 and

Rb2.3 and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 together are . Variations of formulae (Ic-Ic.63) in which w is 2

[249] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, h is 0. In some variations in which h is 0, a first instance of h is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of h is 2. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[250] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, li is 1. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of I₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of I₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of h is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[251] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, li is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[252] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, h is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of ¾ is 0. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of ¾ is 2. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[253] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, li is 4. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of h is 0. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of h is 2. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of h is 3. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[254] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 4.

[255] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 4.

[256] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which w is 2, the two respective instances of R_c2 and R_d2 are distinguished in the description below as R_c2 and R_d2 and R_c2' and R_d2', respectively.

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic-.63) in which w is 2, 0₁ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 1

[257] In some variations, R_c2- and R_d2' are both H. In some variations, R_c2- is H and R_d2' is CH₃.

In some variations, R_c2- and R_d2- are both CH₃. In some variations, R_c2- and R_d2- are

. in

O

some variations, R_c2- and R_d2- are '^¾· ^\

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic-.63) in which w is 2, 0₁ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 2

[258] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) described in the paragraphs above in which 0₁ is 2, the two instances of R_c2- and Rd_2' are indicated as R_c2.r and Rd₂.r and R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2% respectively.

[259] In some variations, each of R_c2.r and R_d2.r and R_c2._2' and R_d2._2' is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.r and Rd₂.r and R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.r and R_c2._2' is H and each of Rd₂.r and Rd₂._2' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.r, R_c2._2', and Rd₂.r is H and Rd2.2_' is CH₃.

[260] In some variations, each of R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.r is H and R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' are

. In some

O

variations, each of R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.i_' is H and R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' are ^\ In some variations, each of

Rc2.r and Rd2.i_' is CH₃ and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are

. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and Rd2.r is CH₃ and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are

[261] In some variations, R_c2.r is H, Rd₂.r is CH₃, and R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' are '^¾ . In some

0

variations, R_c2.i_' is H, Rd₂.r is CH₃, and R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, and

Rd2.r and R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' together are ' <· ^<- . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and R_d2.r are

R_c2.₂- and R_d2._2' are ¾ "^-¾ . in some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2.r are ¾ "^- ₅ and R_c2._2' and R_d2._2' are

O 0 0

^'¾· r . in some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2.i_' are '^¾· and R_c2._2' and R_d2._2' are '^¾· ^\

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 02 is 3

[262] In variations, of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which 01 is 3, the three instances of R_c and R_d are indicated as R_c2.r and Rd₂.is R_C2.2' and Rd₂.2s and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3s respectively.

[263] In some variations, each of R_c2.i', Rd2.r, Rc2.2', Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2% Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3_' is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is H and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH₃ and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3_' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r is H and each of R_C2.2', Rc2.3', Rd2.i', Rd2.2', and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and Rc2.2' is H and each of R_C2.3\ Rd2.i', Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rc2.2', and Rc2.3' is H and each of Rd2.r, Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH₃.

[264] In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is R_C2.2S and Rd2.2s is H and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH₃ and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_C2.i_' is H and each of R_C2.2S Rd2.i_', and Rd2.2' is CH₃, and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ . In some variations, each of R_C2.r and R_C2.2' is H and each of Rd2.i_' and Rd2.2' is CH₃, and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ ^ .

[265] In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is R_C2.2S and Rd2.2s is H and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

^'¾· r . in some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH₃ and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

In some variations, R_c2.i_' is H and each of R_c2._2', Rd2.i_', and Rd₂.2' is CH₃, and R_c2.3' and O

¾2.3' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R_c2.i_' and R_c2.2' is H and each of Rd₂.i_' and Rd₂.2' is

0

CH₃, and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^'^- ^ .

[266] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are '^¾ ^ " , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are "^¾ and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are '^¾ ^ , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are , and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are '^¾ , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are '^¾ , R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd2.r are '^¾ ^ , Rc2. ' and Rd2.2' are '^¾ ^ , and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are 2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations,

R_c2.

r and R_d2._r are R_c2.₂- and Rd2.2' are R_c2.3' is H, and R_d2.3_' is CH₃.

[267] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are "^- , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ , and each of

W O

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are ¾ ^'¾ ^ , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are Λ ^'¾· , and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are "^- , R_C2.2' and

¾2.2' are ^'¾· R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are '^¾ ^ , R,

0

and Rd2.2' are ^ , and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are —7 0

'^¾ ^ , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are

, R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃. 0 o

[268] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.i_' are ^'^- , Rc2.2' and Rd₂.2' are ^'^- ^', and each of

0 O

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd2.r are ^'¾· ^ , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ , and

O

each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are ^'^- ^', R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are O O

^'¾· r , R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3_' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are ^'¾· R_C2.2' and

O 0

Rd2.2' are ^^x , and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are ^'^- ,

O

R_c2.₂- and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i'

O O

are ^{' f}\ Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are <*\ R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃. VV

[269] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are ^<· , and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are

, and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.i' and Rd2.r and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are ^{^} , R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are , and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are

In some variations, R_C2.i_' and

0

Rd2.i' and Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' together are ' ^<- , and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 4

[270] In variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R_c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R_C2.r and Rd2.r; Rc2.2' and Rd2.2'; Rc2.3' and Rd2.3'; and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4%

respectively.

[271] In some variations, each of R_c2.r, Rd2, Rc2.2s ¾2, Rc2.3s ¾2.3\ Rc2.4s and Rd₂.4- is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2, Rc2.2', Rd2, Rc2.3% Rd2.3', Rc2.4% and Rd2.4' is

In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2, Rc2.2% Rd2, Rc2.3% and Rd2.3' is H and each of R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' is CH₃'. In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2, Rc2.2s and Rd2 is H and each of R_C2.3s and Rd2.4' is CH₃'. In some variations, each of R_c2.is ¾2, Rc2.2s ¾2, Rc2.3s and Rd2.3' is CH₃' and each of Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' is H.

[272] In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rc2.2', and R_C2.3' is H and each of Rd2, Rd2, and Rd2.3' is CH₃'. In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2 is CH₃', and each of R_C2.2 and Rd2.3' is CH₃-. In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2 is CH₃', and each of R_C2.2S ¾2,

d2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and R_C2.2' is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH₃', and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and R_C2.2' is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH_3', and each of R_c2.3' and R_d2.3' is CH₃ .

[273] In some variations, R_C2.i' and Rd2 are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2 are H, R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are H, and

Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are '^¾ . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2 are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2 are H, R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH₃', and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are "^- . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2 are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2 are CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH₃', and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are '^¾ In some variations, R_c2 1- and Rd2 are CH_3', R_{c2 2}- and Rd2 are CH_3', R_c2 y and Rd2 3' are CH_3', and R_c2 4- and Rd2 v are

[274] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2 are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2 are H, R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ , and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are "^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2 are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2 are CH₃', Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ ^ ₅ and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2 are CH₃', R_C2.2' and Rd2 are CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are '^¾ . In some variations, R_C2.i' is H, Rd2 is CH₃', R_C2.2' and Rd2 are CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are "^- . In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2 is CH₃', R_C2.2' is H, Rd2 is CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾ ^ , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^"^- ^ . [275] In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.3' and R_d2.₃' are

'^¾ d R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are "^- . In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are CH₃', R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are

, R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃' are , and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are . In some variations, R_c2.r is

H, R_d2 is CH₃', R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃' are '^¾ ^ ^* ₅ and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are

'^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are ^ , R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are , R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃' are

'^¾¾ ^ , and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are '^¾¾ ^ .

[276] In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃' are H, and

O

Rc2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾ ^ · In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.₃' and

0

Rd2.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'^- ^\ In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.2' and

0

Rd₂ are CH₃', R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· . In some variations, R_c2.i'

0

[277] In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are ^'¾·

O O

and Rd₂.3' are ^'¾· and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ In some variations, R_c2.i' and R_d2 are

0 0

CH₃', R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are CH₃', R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are ^'¾· ^ , and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some

0

variations, R_c2.i' is H, Rd₂ is CH₃', R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are CH₃', R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are ^'¾· and R_c2.4'

R A2.y are and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are

O

[278] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are H, R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are'^ , R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are O O

^'¾· ^r , and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are CH_3', R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are

H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_{c2 2}- and R_d2 are

In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd

O

and R_P7 < and RH? are ^'¾· ^ .

[279] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are '^¾ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are H,

⁰ 7

and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are '^¾ R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are

0

CH₃', R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂

7 ⁰

are '^¾ ^ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ .

[280] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are

R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are '^¾ R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are

0

H, and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.2' and R d, 2 are

'^¾ ^ , R_c2._3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R _' and Rd₂ are

, R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are , R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are . In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are "^- ^ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are "^¾ ^ , R_c2.3' and Rd₂._3' are H, and O

R_c2.4- and R_d2.4' are '^¾· ^ .

[281] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are "^- R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are '^¾ R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are

0

and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are

V7 0

;82] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ ₅ R_c2.₂- and R_d2 are ^'¾· R_c2._3' and R_d2._3'

, and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are '^¾ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂

O 0

'^¾· ^r , R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ 7 O 0

'^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂' and Rd₂ are ^ , R_c2.₃' and Rd₂.₃' are CH₃-, and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^ .

7 O

ne variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are H, ar

O

7 0

[283] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are ^ , R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are R_c2._3' and Rd₂.3' are

O O

[284] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are A ^'¾· R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are A ^'¾· R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are

0 O

H, and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are A ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are A ^'¾· R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are O 0

A ^'¾· ^r , R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are A ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ 0 0 Q

are 'T- <" , K R_Cc22..y2' aannad Rd_d22 aarree < ^^■\ ^' , K R_c-₂.3' aannad RΗ_d?₂...Τ3' aarree L CHHT₃ ,, aannad K R.,_c.2₂..4₄'' aannad Κ RΗd2Ι.Λ4'' a arree ^<■ <^*\ In

OO OO

some var niaattiioonnss,, R_r2 r and R_d2 are ^\ R_c2._2' and R_d2 are ^'¾· <*\ R_c2.3' and R_d2.3- are H, and

O O

[285] In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are R_c2.3' and R_d2.3' are

O 0

^ , and Rc2.4' and R_d2.4' are ^ .

[286] In some variations, R_C2.r and R_d2 are H, R_C2.2' and R_d2 are H, and R_C2.3' and R_d2.3' and

Rc2.4' and R_d2.4- together are ' ^«· . In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are H, R_c2.2' and R_d2 are

CH , and R_C2.3' and R_d2.3' and R_C2.4' and R_d2._4' together are . In some variations, R_c2.r and

V V

R_{c2 2}- are H, R_d2 and R_d2 are CH₃ , and R_c2.₃- and R_d2.₃- and R_c2.₄- and R_d2.₄- together are ^{^} .

[287] In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂- and R_d2 are '^¾ , and R_c2.3' and R_d2.3' and yvv ;_¼¾

R_c2.4- and R_d2.4' together are . In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are '^¾ R_c2._2' and R_d2 are CH₃ , and R_C2.3' and R_d2.3- and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' together are vvv . In some variations, R_c2.r is H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_c2.₂- and R_d2 are ^ , and R_c2.₃- and R_d2.3- and R_c2.₄- and R_d2.4- together are

[288] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂- and R_d2 are

O

R_c2.4- and R_d2.4' together are . In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are ^'¾· <*\ R_c2.₂- and R_d2 are CH_3', and R_c2.3' and R_d2.3- and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' together are "^- . In some variations, R_c2.r is H, Rd2 is CH₃', R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are

O O

[289] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are

Rd₂ are '^¾ , and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are . In some variations, and Rd₂ are

, and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4' and Rd: 2.4' together are

[290] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2 are '^¾ R_C2.2' and Rd2 are '^¾ and R_C2.3' and

3- and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' together are

[291] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2 and R_C2.2' and Rd2 together are , and R_C2.3' and

Rd2.3' and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' together are

Compounds of Formula (Id)

[292] Some compounds fall within formula (Id), which comprises linker (d):

C⁰') wherein: X, Y, R_x, Ry, R, m m₂, Vi, V₂, R_Z, h, h, Oi, o₂, w, n, ring A, R_ai, R_M, R_a2, R_b2, R_ci, R_c2, R_di, and Rd2 are as defined above for formula (I). [293] In some variations, compounds of formula (Id) fall within one or more of formulae (Id.1)-

(Id.63), shown below.

(ld.8)

(Id.12)

(Id.16)

(ld.20)

(ld.24)

(ld.28)

(ld.32)

(ld.36)

(Id.40)

(ld.44)

(ld.48)

(ld.56)

(Id.60)

(ld.63)

Variations of formulae (Id-Id.63) in which w is 1

[294] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, h is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, h is 2. In some variations in which li is 0, is 3. In some variations in which li is 0, is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[295] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 1. In some variations in which li is 1, h is 0. In some variations in which li is 1, h is 2. In some variations in which li is 1, 1₂ is 3. In some variations in which li is 1, ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[296] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, ¾ is 0. In some variations in which li is 2, ¾ is 2. In some variations in which li is

2, h is 3. In some variations in which li is 2, h is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[297] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, is 0. In some variations in which li is 3, is 2. In some variations in which li is

3, h is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, h is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[298] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 4. In some variations in which li is 4, ¾ is 0. In some variations in which li is 4, ¾ is 2. In some variations in which li is 3, h is 3. In some variations in which li is 4, ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[299] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 0₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 0₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 0₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 0₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, 0₂ is 4.

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and U is 1

[300] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63), is 1. [301] In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are both H. In some variations, R_ai is H and R_bi is CH₃.

In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are both CH₃. In some variations, R_ai and R_bi are "^¾ ^ . In

O

some variations, R_ai and R_bi are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and is 2

[302] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which li is 2, the two instances of R_ai and Rbi are indicated as R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂, respectively.

[303] In some variations, each of R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_bi.i and R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H and each of Rbi.i and Rbi.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, R_ai.2, and Rbi.i is H and Rbi.₂ is CH₃.

[304] In some variations, each of R_ai.i and Rbi.i is H and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are

■ In some

O

variations, each of R_ai.i and Rbi.i is H and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of

R_ai.i and Rbi.i is CH₃ and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are "^- . In some variations, each of R_ai.i and Rbi.i is

O

CH₃ and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂

7 OO

X

are "^- .. IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR_aaii..ii iiss HH,, RRbbii..ii iiss CCHH₃₃,, aanndd RR_aaii..₂₂ aanndd RRbbii..₂2 aarree ''^^¾-· ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i and R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ together are ' *· . In some variations, R_ai.i and

Rbi.i are "^- R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai. ._:2

O O O

and Rbi.2 are . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and U is 3

[305] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 3, the three instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_ai.i and Rbi.i; R_ai.2 and Rbi.₂; and R_ai.3 and Rbi.3, respectively. [306] In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, bi.2, ai.3, and b is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rb is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rai.i , Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and each of R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH₃ and each of R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ai.i is H and each of R_ai.₂, R_ai.3, R_bi.i, ¾L2, and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H and each of R_ai.3, Rbi.i, Rbi.2, and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, R_ai.2, and Rai.3 is H and each of Rbi.i, Rbi.2, and Rbi.₃ is CH₃

[307] In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are '^¾ ^

. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH₃ and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are

. In some variations, R_ai.i is H and each of R_ai.₂, R_bi.i, and R_bi.2 is CH₃, and R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are

'^¾ ^ " . In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H and each of R_bi.i and R_bi.2 is CH₃, and

R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are '^- ^ .

O

[308] In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2, is H and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are ^ .

O

In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, ai.2, and Rbi.2, is CH₃ and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are ^'¾· ^ . In

0 some variations, R_ai.i is H and each of R_ai.₂, R_bi.i, and R_bi.2 is CH₃, and R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are v ^ . In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.₂ is H and each of R_bi.i and R_bi.2 is CH₃, and R_ai.₃ and

0

R_bi.₃ are ^'¾· *\

[309] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are "^- , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.2 are '^¾ , and each of R_ai.₃ and R_bi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.2 are "^- , and each of R_ai.3 and R_bi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.2 are '^¾ ^ ^* ₅ R_ai.3 is H, and R_bi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.2 are of R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and

and each of R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are "^- , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₃ is H, and R_bi.₃ is CH₃.

W O

[310] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ¾ '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are Λ ^'¾· , and each of R_ai.₃

—> 0

and R_bi.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾· and each

7 0 of R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ¾ "^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾H· ^ , Rai.3 is H, and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are

^'¾· ^ , and each of R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and

Rbi.2 are '^- , and each of R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are "^- ,

O

R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are R_ai.₃ is H, and R_bi.₃ is CH₃.

0 O

[311] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'^- , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are and each of R_ai.₃

O 0

and R_bi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are ^'¾· R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are , and each of

R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are

,

O

Rai.3 is H, and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are

O 0

^,¾- ₅ and each of R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^- , R_ai.₂ and 0 0

Rbi.2 are ^ , and each of R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'^- ,

O

Rai.2 and R_bL2 are R_ai.₃ is H, and R_bi.₃ is CH₃.

[312] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ together are ^ , and each of

R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ together are , and each of R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i and R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ together are *· , R_ai.₃ is H, and Rb is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ tog ¾eetthheerr aarree aanndd RR_aaii..₃₃ aanndd RR_bbii..₃₃ aarree ''^^-- ^~ , . in some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.2 together are , and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and is 4

[313] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R_ai and Rbi are indicated as R_ai.i and Rbi.i; Rai.2 and Rbi.₂; Rai.3 and Rbi.₃; and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4, respectively.

[314] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R_ai and Rbi are indicated as R_ai.i and Rbi.i; R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂; Rai.3 and Rbi.₃; and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4, respectively. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, Rbi.3, Rai.4, and Rbi.4 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, Rbi.3, Rai.4, and Rbi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is H and each of R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, and Rbi.2 is H and each of R_ai.₃, Rbi.3, R_ai.4, and Rbi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ai.i, Rbi.i, Rai.2, ¾ι.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is CH₃ and each of R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 is H.

[315] In some variations, each of R_ai.i, R_ai.2, and R_ai.₃ is H and each of Rbi, Rb2, and Rbi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, and each of R_ai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, and each of R_ai.2, Rbi.2, Rai.3, and Rbi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.2 is H, each of Rbi.i and Rbi.2 is CH₃, and each of R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ is H. In some variations, each of R_ai.i and R_ai.2 is H, each of Rbi.i and Rbi.2 is CH₃, and each of R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ is CH₃. [316] In some variations, R_ai i and R_bi i are H, R_ai ₂ and R_bi ₂ are H, R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are H, and

R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai 1 and R_bi 1 are H, R_ai ₂ and R_bi 2 are H, R_ai 3 and Rbi 3 are CH₃, and R_ai 4 and Rbi 4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R_ai ₂ and Rbi.2 are CH₃, R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai 1 and Rbi 1 are CH₃, R_ai 2 and Rbi 2 are CH₃, R_ai 3 and Rbi 3 are CH₃, and R_ai 4 and Rbi 4 are

[317] In some variations, R_ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R_ai 2 and Rbi 2 are H, R_ai 3 and Rbi 3 are ^ , and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai 1 and R_bi 1 are H, R_ai 2 and R_bi 2 are CH₃, R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are '^¾ In some variations, R_ai 1 and R_bi 1 are CH₃, R_ai 2 and R_bi 2 are CH₃, R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are '^¾ ^ ₅ and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are . In some variations, R_ai 1 is H, R_bi 1 is CH₃, R_ai 2 and R_bi 2 are CH₃, R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai 4 and Rbi 4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ai 1 is H, Rbi 1 is CH₃, R_ai 2 is H, Rbi 2 is CH₃, R_ai 3 and Rbi.3 are '^¾ , and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are "^- .

[318] In some variations, R_ai 1 and Rbi 1 are H, R_ai 2 and Rbi 2 are '^¾ , R_ai 3 and Rbi 3 are '^¾ d R_ai 4 and Rbi 4 are ^ " . In some variations, R_ai 1 and Rbi 1 are CH₃, R_ai 2 and Rbi 2 are

, Rai.3 and Rbi.3 are ₅ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are . In some variations, R_ai.i is

H, R_bi 1 is CH₃, R_ai 2 and R_bi 2 are '^- ^ , R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ai 1 and R_bi 1 are '^¾ , R_ai 2 and R_bi 2 are '^¾ , R_ai 3 and R_bi 3 are ^ , and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are .

[319] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.2 and Rbi.2 are H, R_ai.3 and Rbi.3 are H, and

O

Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^\ In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.2 and Rbi.2 are H, R_ai.3

O

and Rbi.3 are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.2 O

and Rbi.₂ are CH₃, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are r\ In some variations, R_ai.i

O

and Rbi.i are CH₃, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are CH₃, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are '^¾· ^ .

0

[320] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are H, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are ^'¾·

O

and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are '¾· ^^x . In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are CH₃,

O 0

R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are '¾· ^ \ In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are

0 0

CH₃, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are CH₃, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are ^'¾· and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· In some

O

variations, R_ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are CH₃, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are '^¾· and R_ai.4

0

and Rbi.4 are '^¾· In some variations, R_ai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, R_ai.₂ is H, Rbi.₂ is CH₃, R_ai.₃ and

0 0

R_bi.₃ are ^'¾· ^ , and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

O

[321] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are'¾ R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are O O

^'¾· r , and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are CH₃, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.2 0 0 0

^V ^ ⁵

are '^¾· R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are '¾· and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are '^¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ai.i is H,

0 0 0

Rbi.i is CH₃, R_ai.2 and Rbi.₂ are^'¾- R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are ^'¾· and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ ,

0 0 0 some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are Λ ^'¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are Λ ^'^- Rai.3 ^and Rbi.3 are Λ ^'^- ^

O

and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^^x .

[322] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ ^ ^* , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are H, R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are H,

⁰ Γ7

and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ₅ R_{al 2} and Rbi.₂ are O

CH₃, R_ai.3 and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are ^\ In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are ^ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are H, R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.₄ are ^'¾· ^ .

[323] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are and R_ai.₄ and R_bi.4 are '¾· In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are "^- <* R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are

, R_ai.3 and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are some variations, R_ai.i and

0

R_bi i are '^¾· ^ , R_ai ₂ and R_{M 2} are '^¾ ^ , R_ai ₃ and R_bi ₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.₄ and R_bi.₄ are ^'¾· <^ .

In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are ¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are ¾ '^¾¾ ^ , R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are H,

O

and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are '^¾· ^ .

[324] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ 7 O

are ^ , and R_ai.4 and R_bi.₄ are '¾· ^ .

[325] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are

R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are

O

H, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are <*\ In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ ^\ R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are O 0

'¾· R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.4 and R_bi.₄ are . In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i

0 0 are "^- ^ , R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '¾· R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ai.₄ and R_bi.₄ are ^'¾· <*\ In

O

some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are < \ R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are ^'¾· R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ are H, and

O

R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are ^ . [326] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are

'^¾ , and Rai.4 and Rbi.4 are '^¾· ^\

0 O

[327] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are

O O

H, and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are '^¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are O 0

0 O

some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾· R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '^¾· R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are H, and

O

R_ai.4 and R_bi.4 are ^'¾· r .

0 O

[328] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾· ?~ , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '^¾· R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ are O 0

^'¾· r , and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 are ^'¾· ^\

[329] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are H, and R_ai.₃ and R_bi.₃ and

R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rb₂.₂ are

VV

Rai.2 are H, Rbi.i and Rbi.₂ are CH₃, and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are .

[330] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '^¾ , and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are . In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are '^¾ ^ ^* , R_ai.₂ and vv

R_bi 2 are CH₃, and R_ai ₃ and R_bi ₃ and R_ai 4 and R_bi 4 together are ^<■ . In some variations,

Rai.i is H, Rbi.i is CH₃, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃ and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together

are 0

[331] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are H, R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are '¾· and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃

0

O

0 O

[332] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i are ^'¾· , R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ are ^'¾· and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.₃

O O

[333] In some variations, R_ai.i and R_bi.i are '^¾ R_ai.₂ and R_bi.₂ are '^¾ and R_ai.₃ and Rbi.3 and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are .

[334] In some variations, R_ai.i and Rbi.i and R_ai.₂ and Rbi.₂ together are and R_ai.₃ and

Rbi.3 and R_ai.4 and Rbi.4 together are .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and is 1

[335] In some variations, R_a2 and R_b2 are both H. In some variations, R_a2 is H and R_b2 is CH₃.

In some variations, R_a2 and R_b2 are both CH₃. In some variations, R_a2 and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ . In

O

some variations, R_a2 and R_b2 are A ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and is 2 [336] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which li is 2, the two instances of R_a2 and Rb₂ are indicated as R_a2.i and Rb₂.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂, respectively.

[337] In some variations, each of R_a2.i and Rb₂.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂ is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_b2.i and R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H and each of Rb₂.i and Rb₂.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, R_a2.2, and Rb₂.i is H and Rb2.₂ is CH₃.

[338] In some variations, each of R_a2.i and Rb₂.i is H and R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.2 are

■ In some

O

variations, each of R_a2.i and Rb₂.i is H and R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.2 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of

R_a2.i and Rb2.i is CH₃ and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are "^- . In some variations, each of R_a2.i and Rb2.i is

0

CH₃ and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH₃, and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 7 OO

X

are "^- .. IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR_aa22..ii iiss HH,, RRbh2₂..ii iiss CCHH₃₃,, aanndd RR_aa22..₂₂ aanndd RRbh2₂..2₂ aarree ''^^¾-· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 together are . In some variations, R_a2.i and

Rb2.i are "^- R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.₂

0 0 0 and Rb2.2 are In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are , and R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^\

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and is 1, 2, 3, or 4 and ¾ is 3

[339] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 3, the three instances of R_a and R_b are indicated as R_a2.i and Rb2.i; Ra2.2 and Rb2.2i and R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3, respectively.

[340] In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, ¾2.2, ¾2.3, and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, ¾2.2, ¾2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Ra2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is H and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Ra2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH₃ and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R_a2.i is H and each of R_a2.₂, R_a2.3_, Rb2.i, ¾2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H and each of R_a2.₃ Rb2.i, Rb2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, R_a2.2, and Ra2.3 is H and each of Rb2.i, Rb2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. [341] In some variations, each of R_a2.i, ¾2.ι, ¾2.2, and Rb₂.2, is H and R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are ^

. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH₃ and R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are

. In some variations, R_a2.i is H and each of R_a2.₂, Rb2.i, and Rb2.2 is CH₃, and R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are

'^¾ . In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H and each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH₃, and

[342] In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is H and R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are ^'^- .

O

In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2, is CH₃ and R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 are ^'¾· ^ . In

0 some variations, R_a2.i is H and each of R_a2.₂, Rb2.i, and Rb2.2 is CH₃, and R_a2.₃ and Rb2.₃ are ^ . In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H and each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH₃, and R_a2.₃ and

0

Rb2.₃ are '^

[343] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are "^¾- *^" , R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are ' ¾^¾ ^ , and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are '^¾ , and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are

,

Ra2.3 is H, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ , R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are

'^¾ ^ " , and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are "^- , R_a2.₂ and

Rb2.2 are '^¾ , and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ ,

R_a2.₂ and R_b2.2 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₃ is H, and R_b2.₃ is CH₃. O

[344] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are "^- , R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂ are ^ , and each of R_a2.₃

7 0

and R_b2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are ^'¾· , and each

7 0 of R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂ are '^-

Ra2.3 is H, and Rb₂.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are

, Ra2.2 and Rb₂.2 are

^'¾· r , and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are "^- , R_a2.₂ and

⁰ V7 2 are ^'¾· and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾

O

R_a2.2 and R_b2.2 are '^¾· R_a2.₃ is H, and R_b2.3 is CH₃.

0 O

[345] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· , R_a2.2 and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· and each of R_a2.₃

O 0

and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^- , R_a2.2 and Rb2.2 are and each of

O 0

¾2.3 and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· ^ , R_a2.2 and Rb2.2 are ^'¾· ^ ,

O

Ra2.3 is H, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are R_a2.2 and Rb2.2 are

O 0

^'¾· ^ ₅ and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'¾· ^ , R_a2.2 and

0 0

Rb2.2 are ^ , and each of R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are ^'^- ,

O

R_a2.₂ and R_b2.2 are R_a2.₃ is H, and R_b2.3 is CH₃.

[346] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.2 and Rb2.2 together are % and each of

Ra2.3 and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.2 and Rb2.2 together are , and each of R_a2.3 and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i and R_a2.2 and Rb2.2 together are Ra2.3 is H, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.2 together are , variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i and R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.2 together are

, and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.3 are

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1 and li is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and h is 3

[347] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which li is 4, the four instances of R_a2 and R_b2 are indicated as R_a2.i and Rb₂.i; Ra2.2 and Rb2.2; Ra2.3 and Rb2.3; and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4, respectively.

[348] In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, ¾2.2, Ra2.3, ¾2.3, Ra2.4, and R_b2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, ¾2.2, Ra2.3, ¾2.3, Ra2.4, and R_b2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, Rb2.2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is H and each of R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, and Rb2.2 is H and each of R_a2.₃, Rb2.3, Ra2.4, and Rb2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_a2.i, Rb2.i, Ra2.2, ¾2.2, ¾2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH₃ and each of R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 is H.

[349] In some variations, each of R_a2.i, R_a2.2, and R_a2.₃ is H and each of Rb2.i, Rb2.2, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH₃, and each of R_a2.₂, Rb2.2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_a2.i is H, Rb2.i is CH₃, and each of R_a2.₂, Rb2.2, Ra2.3, and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H, each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH₃, and each of R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_a2.i and R_a2.₂ is H, each of Rb2.i and Rb2.2 is CH₃, and each of R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ is CH₃.

[350] In so s, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are H, R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are H, and

¾2.4 and Rb

. In some variati R_a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are H, R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are

. In some variatio R_a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are

In some variations, nd R_b2.i are CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.2 are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.4 are

[351] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are H, R_a2.3 and R_b23 are and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are "^- ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are H, R_a2.2 and R_b2.₂ are CH₃, R_a2.3 and R_b2.₃ are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are '^¾ ^\ In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are

CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ are '^¾ . In some variations, R_a2.i is H, R_b2.i is CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ are '^¾ . In some variations, R_a2.i is H, R_b2.i is CH₃, R_a2.₂ is H, R_b2.₂ is CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are ^\

[352] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are - '¾^¾ <^ , R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are '^¾ ^ '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are

, and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ are ' ¾^¾ . In some variations, R_a2.i is

H, R_b2.i is CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are "^- ^ , R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are '^¾ , and R_a2.4 and R_b2.₄ are <* In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are "^¾ ^ , R_a2.₃ and R b2.3 are '^¾ and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ are '^¾ .

[353] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are H, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are H, and

O

R_a2.4 and R_b2.₄ are < \ In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are H, R_a2.₃

O

and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are '¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are H, R_a2.₂

O

and R_b2.₂ are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH , and R_a2.4 and R_b2.₄ are '^¾· ^f \ In some variations, R_a2.i

O

and R_b2.i are CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . 0

[354] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂ are H, R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.₃ are A*

O

and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂ are CH₃,

R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are

some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are

CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are

some

O

variations, R H, R_b2.i is CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are CH₃, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are ^'¾· <*\ and R_a2.₄ and Rb₂.4 are

In some variations, R_a2.i is H, Rb₂.i is CH₃, R_a2.₂ is H, Rb₂.₂ is CH₃, R_a2.₃ and

0 0

Rb₂.₃ are ^'¾· and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

O

[355] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are'^ , R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are

O O

and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are^'^- ^\ In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are CH₃, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂

some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are ,

O

and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· ^ \

[356] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are "^- , R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are H, R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 are H,

⁰ Γ7

and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are O

CH₃, R_a2.3 and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are ^\ In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.2 and R_b2.₂ are H, R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH , and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[357] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.3 and R_b2.₃ are H, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.₄ are '^¾ ^\ In some valuations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are ^ , R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH , and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and

¾2.i are '^- ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ are ^'¾· ^ .

In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are H,

O

and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ are ^\

[358] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are '^¾ , R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are ^\ and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ are '^¾· ^ \

[359] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are ^'¾· < R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are

⁰ W

H, and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ are In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ ^\ R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ ai

O 0

'¾· ^ , R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.₄ and R_b2. are ^ . In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i —, 0 0 are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.₄ and R_b2. are ^\ In

7 O

some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are <*\ R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ are H, and

R_a2 4 and R_b2.₄ are

0

[360] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are ¾ "^- , R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂ are A ^'^- , R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.₃ are

and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are

0 O

[361] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are A ^'^- , R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.₂ are A R ^' _aa22..₃₃ aanndd K R_b2.₃ are

O O

H, and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 are A ^'¾· \ In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are A ^'¾· R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ ar O 0

A ^,¾- ^ ₅ R_{a2 3} and Rb₂.₃ are CH₃, and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are A ^'^- . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are

0 o

some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are A ^'^- , R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.2 are A R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.3 are H, and

O

Ri.2.4 and R_h7 are A ^'¾· ^ .

0 O

[362] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are ^'¾· ?~ , R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.2 are ^'¾· R_a2.₃ and Rb₂.3 are O 0

A ^r , and R_a2.4 and Rb₂.4 are A ^'¾· ^\

[363] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb₂.i are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb₂.2 are H, and R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 and ¾2.4 and Rb2.4 together are . In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are

CH₃, and R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 together are . In some variations, R_a2.i and

¾2.2 are H, Rb2.i and Rb2.2 are CH₃, and R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 together are .

[364] In some variations, R_a2.i and Rb2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and Rb2.2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 together are .. IInn ssoommee vvaaririaattiioonnss,, RR_aa22..ii aanndd RRbb22..ii aarree ''^¾¾ ^^ ,, RR_aa22..₂₂ and

¾2.2 are CH₃, and R_a2.₃ and Rb2.3 and R_a2.4 and Rb2.4 together are . In some variations, R ^, 2.1 is H, R_b2.i is CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are '^¾ ^ , and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ and R_a2.₄ and R_b2.₄ together are

0

[365] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are H, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are A '^- * , and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃

0

and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are '¾· *^" , R_a2.₂ and

Rb2.2 are CH₃, and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are ' <^■ . In some variations,

O

Ra2.i is H, R_b2.i is CH₃, R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are <*\ and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together

are

0 O

[366] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are ^'¾· , R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are ^'¾· and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ and R_a2.4 , R_a2.₂ and

Rb2.2 are

variations,

O O

R_a2.i and R_b2.i are Λ ^'¾· R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ are At and R_a2.₃ and R_b2.₃ and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are ^ ^^i

[367] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i are

and R_a2.₃ and

Rb2.3 and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are

[368] In some variations, R_a2.i and R_b2.i and R_a2.₂ and R_b2.₂ together are , and R_a2.₃ and

Rb2.3 and R_a2.4 and R_b2.4 together are .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and h is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 1

[369] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above, oi is 1. [370] In some variations, R_ci and R_di are both H. In some variations, R_ci is H and R_di is CH₃.

In some variations, R_ci and R_di are both CH₃. In some variations, R_ci and R_di are

. In

O

some variations, R_ci and R_di are '^¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and h is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 2

[371] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R_ci and R_di are indicated as R_ci.i and R_di.i and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂, respectively.

[372] In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of Rdi.i and Rdi.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, R_ci.₂, and Rdi.i is H and R_di.₂ is CH₃.

[373] In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i is H and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are "^- . In some

0

variations, each of R_ci.i and R_di.i is H and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are '¾· ^ . in some variations, each of

R_ci.i and R_di.i is CH₃ and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are . In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_di.i is

0

CH₃ and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are '^¾· ^ .

[374] In some variations, R_ci.i is H, R_di.i is CH₃, and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are "^- ^ . In some

O

variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH₃, and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are ^\ In some variations, R_ci.i and

Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ together are . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are "^- . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^¾ , and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are ^'¾· ^ .

0 O

In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are '^¾· and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are '^¾· ^ . Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1,

li is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and h is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and oi is 3

[375] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R_c and R_d are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.₂; and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3, respectively.

[376] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, Rdi.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, ¾ι.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH₃ and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i is H and each of R_ci.2, Rci.3, Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of R_ci.3, Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rci.2, and R_ci.3 is H and each of Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃.

[377] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are '^¾ .

In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH₃ and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are '^¾ ^ " . In some variations, R_ci.i is H and each of R_ci.2, Rdi.i, and Rdi.2 is CH₃, and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

'^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of R_di.i and R_di.2 is CH₃, and

. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of R_di.i and R_di.2 is CH₃, and R_ci.3 and

0

R_di.₃ are '^¾

[379] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.2 are '^¾ , and each of R_ci.3 and R_di.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are

, R_ci.₂ and R_di.2 are , and each of R_ci.3 and R_di.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are "^- ^ , Rci.3 is H, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are '^¾ , and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- , R_ci.₂ and R_di.2 are '^¾ ^ " ₅ and each of R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.2 and Rdi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₃ is H, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃.

In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are

and each of R_ci.₃

7 0

11.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R_ci.3 and R_di.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, Rci.i and Rdi.i are '^¾ ^^* , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are ^'¾·

R_ci.3 is H, and R_di.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are "^- ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are 'T- ^ , and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- , R_ci.₂ and

⁰ V7 R_di.2 are ^'¾· , and each of R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are '^¾ ^ .

O

Rci.2 and Rdi.₂ are R_ci.₃ is H, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃.

0 0

[381] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are ^'¾· ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are ^'¾· ^ ₅ and each of R_ci.₃

O 0

and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are ^^x , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are '^- , and each of

O 0

R_ci.3 and R_di.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are ^'¾· ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are ^'¾· ^ ,

O

Rci.3 is H, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are ^ , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are

O 0

^'¾· r , and each of R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are ^'¾· ^ , R_ci.₂ and 0 o

Rdi.2 are ^\ and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^- ^',

O

R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are ^'¾· R_ci.3 is H, and R_d is CH₃.

[382] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ together are " <^■ , and each of

Rci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ together are ' ^«· ^<· , and each of R_ci.3 and R_di.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ together are *· , R_ci.3 is H, and Rd is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ tog ¾eetthheerr aarree ^¾ , aanndd RR_ccii..33 aanndd RR_ddii..33 aarree ''^^-- ~ . IInn some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.2 together are , and R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, li is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and h is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 4

[383] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R_ci and R_di are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.₂ and Rdi.₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4, respectively.

[384] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, Rd2, Rci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, Rd2, Rci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, ¾i, Rci.2, ¾2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H and each of R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, ¾i, Rci.2, and Rd2 is H and each of R_ci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, Rd2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH₃ and each of R_ci.4 and

Rdl.4 lS H.

[385] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rci.2, and R_ci.3 is H and each of Rdi, Rd2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi is CH₃, and each of R_ci.₂, Rd₂, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi is CH₃, and each of R_ci.₂, Rd₂, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H, each of Rdi and Rd₂ is CH₃, and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H, each of R_di and R_d2 is CH₃, and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃. [386] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are H, and

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are

. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are H, R_ci.3 and

Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and

R_d2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾ ^ ^* . In some variations, R_ci.i and

R_di are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are

[387] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are '^¾ ^ , and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are CH₃, Rci.3 and Rdi.₃ are '^¾ , and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are '^¾ ^ , and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i is H, R_di is CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are '^¾ , and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are "^- . In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi is CH₃, R_ci.₂ is H, Rd₂ is CH₃, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are

, and R_ci 4 and Rdi 4 are

[388] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are

'^¾ ^ , and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are

¾ '^¾ , Rci.3 and Rdi.₃ are ¾ '^¾¾ , and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ¾ "^- . In some variations, R_ci.i is H,

Rdi is CH₃, Rci.₂ and Rd₂ are '^¾¾ ^ , R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are ' ¾^¾ ^ , and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are \ '^¾¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are ¾ '^¾ ^ ^* , R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are ¾ '^¾ , R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are \ '^¾¾ ^ , and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^¾ [389] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are H, and 0

R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_ci.3 and

0

Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and

0

R_d2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾·½ . In some variations, R_ci.i and

O

Rdi are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

O

[390] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are '^¾· and

O

R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃

0 0

and Rdi.3 are and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are CH₃, R_ci.₂

0 O

and R_d2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are ^'¾· ^ , and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i

0 0 is H, Rdi is CH₃, Rd.₂ and Rd₂ are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are ^ , and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^- .

0

In some variations, R_ci.i is H, R_di is CH₃, R_ci.₂ is H, R_d2 is CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are ^'¾· , and

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^\

0 O

[391] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are^'¾- , R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are ^'¾·

0 O and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are'^ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are

0 0

R_ci.3 and R_di.₃ are and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· <*\ In some variations, R_ci.i is H, R_di is CH₃,

In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are

0

and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[392] In some variations R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are H,

and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are ' ^ ₅ R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '^¾ ^

0

, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[393] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ ^* _{5 cl 3} and R_di.3 are

H, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^\ In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ R_ci.₂ and R d w OO

' , Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ In some variations, R_ci.i anc are

some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '^¾ ^ ^* , R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are '^¾ , R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are H, and R_ci.4

[394] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '^¾ , R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are "^- , R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are w 0

'^¾ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· ^\ 7 ⁰

[395] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '^¾ , R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are ^'^- , R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

H, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are

I.n some vari .at.i.ons, R ._ci.i and . R.._di are s < , R-_ci.₂ and . R.. d2 are o o

'T- ^ , Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^^x . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi a w O 0

'^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are ^'¾· and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· ^ \ In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are

, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are H, and R_ci.4 and

0

R_di.₄ are '¾

[396] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are ^'^- , R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are w 0

'^¾ ^ , and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· ^\

0 0

[397] some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are

O 0 0 and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '¾· ^ . in some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '¾· R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are '¾· ^

O

R_ci.3 and R_di.₃ are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are A '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are

0 0 0

A Rci.2 and Rd₂ are A ^'¾· R_ci.₃ and Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are A ^'¾· ^\ In some

0 0

variations, R_ci.i and R_di are A ?~ , R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are A '^¾· R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are H, and R_ci.4 and

0 0

[398] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are A '^¾· R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are A '^¾· R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are

O 0

A ^'¾· r , and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are A ^'¾· ^\

[399] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are H, and R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are ^«· . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, and Rci.3 and Rdi.3 and Rd.4 and Rdi.4 together are ' ^«· *· . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ are H, Rdi and Rd₂ are CH₃, and R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 together are .

[400] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and

R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ " , R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are ' ^«· . In some variations, R_ci.i is

H, R_di is CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are

o

[401] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾· and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and

O

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 together are . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are ^'¾· R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are CH₃, and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are ' ^«· \ In some variations, R_ci.i is

O

s CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾· and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are

0 0

[402] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are ^'¾· *~ , R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are ^'¾· and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃

O

and R_d R_di.4 together are *· . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are R_ci.₂ and

R_d2 are

, and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are . In some variations,

0 O

Rci. i are R_ci.₂ and Rd₂ are '^¾· ^ ₅ and R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 together

are [403] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ , and R_ci.3 and R_di.3 and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are .

[404] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di and R_ci.₂ and R_d2 together are " <^■ , and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 together are .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4, h is 1, 2, 3, or 4, o; is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 1

[405] In some variations, R_c2 and R_d2 are both H. In some variations, R_c2 is H and R_d2 is CH₃.

In some variations, R_c2 and R_d2 are both CH₃. In some variations, R_c2 and R_d2 are '^¾ In some variations, R_c2 and R_d2 are

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, is 1, 2, 3, or 4, h is 1, 2, 3, or 4, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 2

[406] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R_c2 and R_d2 are indicated as R_c2.i and R_d2.i and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂, respectively.

[407] In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_d2.i and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_d2.i and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of R_d2.i and R_d2.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.i, R_c2.₂, and R_d2.i is H and d2.₂ is CH₃.

[408] In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_d2.i is H and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are

. In some

O

variations, each of R_c2.i and R_d2.i is H and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are ^'¾· ^ . in some variations, each of

R_c2.i and R_d2.i is CH₃ and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are

. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_d2.i is

CH₃ and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are

some variations, R_c2.i is H, R_d2.i is CH₃, and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are "^- ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i

0

is H, R_d2.i is CH₃, and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i and R_c2.₂ and ¾2.2 together are " <^■ In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ ^ " _{c2 2} and R_d2.2 are

'^¾ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are "^- ^ , and R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.2 are '^¾· ^\ In some

0 O

variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are ^'¾· , and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'¾· ^\

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4,

¾ is 1, 2, 3, or 4, o; is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 3

[409] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R_c and R_d are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3, respectively.

[410] In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, dii, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, Rdii, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and each of R_c2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH₃ and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, R_c2.i is H and each of R_C2.2, Rc2.3, Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of R_C2.₃, Rd2.i, ¾2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rc2.2, and Rc2.3 is H and each of Rd2.i, ¾2.2, and R_d2.3 is CH₃.

[411] In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾ .

In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH₃ and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are

. In some variations, R_c2.i is H and each of R_C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are

'^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and

R_c2.3 and R_d2.3 are '^¾¾ ^ . O

[412] In some variations, each of R_c2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd₂.2, is H and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are ^'¾ ·

O

In some variations, each of R_C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH₃ and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ are ^'¾· ^ . in

O

some variations, R_c2.i is H and each of R_C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are ^ . In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and

0

Rd2.₃ are *\

[413] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are "^- , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are '^¾ ^ , and each of R_C2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are '^¾ ^ , Rc2.₃ is H, and Rd2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are '^¾ , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are "^- , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are "^- , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ ^ ,

R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are \ '^¾¾ ^ , R_c2.₃ is H, and R_d2.₃ is CH₃. 7 0

[414] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are "^- , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are and each of R_c2.₃

7 0

and Rd2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'¾· ^ , and each

O

of Rc2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are '^¾·

Rc2.3 is H, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are

⁰ Γ7

^'¾· r , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are ^,¾· ^\ and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are '^¾ ^ , O

R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are ^'¾· R_c2.₃ is H, and R_d2.₃ is CH₃.

0 0

[415] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^- , R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are , and each of R_c2.₃

O 0

and R_d2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are ^'¾· R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are ^'¾· ^ , and each of

O 0

R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'^- ,

O 0

^,¾- , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^- , R_c2.₂ and

0 O

¾2.2 are ^'¾· *^" , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are ^'¾·

O

R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are ^'¾· <*\ R_c2.₃ is H, and Rd2.₃ is CH₃.

[416] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 together are , and each of

R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 together are ^x , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 together are R_c2.₃ is H, and Rd2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 tog |eetthheerr aarree ' ,, aanndd RR_cc22..₃₃ aanndd RRdd22..33 a arree ''^^-- .. IInn some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂

0

and Rd2.2 together are and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^- ^ .

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 1, U is 1, 2, 3, or 4, is 1, 2, 3, or 4, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and Oi is 4

[417] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R_c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4, respectively. [418] In some variations, each of R_c2.i, ¾2, Rc2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, ¾2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2, Rc2.2, Rd2, Rc2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2, Rc2.2, Rd2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H and each of R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, ¾2, Rc2.2, and Rd2 is H and each of R_C2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, ¾2, Rc2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH₃ and each of R_c2.4 and

Rd2.4 lS H.

[419] In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rc2.2, and R_c2.₃ is H and each of Rd2, Rd2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2 is CH₃, and each of R_C2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2 is CH₃, and each of R_C2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH₃, and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH₃, and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is CH₃.

[420] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2 are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are H, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2 are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2 are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ ^ ^* . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2 are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ ^ .

[421] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2 are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are

and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2 are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾ , and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2 are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are "^- ^ . i_n some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2 is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾ , and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2 is CH₃, R_c2.₂ is H, Rd2 is CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are "^- , and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ [422] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are "^- , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are '^¾ , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are "^- . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are

\ '^¾¾ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are ' ¾^¾ ^ , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are \ "^¾- . In some variations, R_c2.i is H,

R_d2 is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are \ '^¾¾ ^ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are ¾ '^¾ , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are \ '^¾¾ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are

, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are , and

[423] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are H, and

0

R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₃ and

0

Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and

0

R_d2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^'¾· *" . In some variations, R_c2.i and

O

R_d2 are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are '^¾· ^ .

[424] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are

, and

O

R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are '^¾· . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃

0 0

and R_d2.3 are '^¾· and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are '^¾· . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are CH₃, R_c2.₂

0 O

and R_d2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are ^'¾· ^ , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i

0 0 is H, R_d2 is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are '^¾· ^ , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are '^¾· ^ . 0

In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd₂ is CH₃, R_c2.₂ is H, Rd₂ is CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ are and 0

R_C2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

0 O

[425] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂ are'^ R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ are

0 O and R_C2.4 and R_d2.4 are^'^ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are ^'¾· 0 0

R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ are and R_C2.4 and Rd₂.4 are '^- . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd₂ is CH₃,

0 0 O

R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are J ^'¾·b ^ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are J ^'¾· b ^ , and R_C2.4 and R_d2.4 are J ^'¾· U ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂ are

[426] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂ are "^- , R_c2.₂ and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ are H, and R_C2.4 and R_d2.4 are '¾· In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ ₅ R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃,

R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ are CH₃, and R_C2.4 and Rd₂.4 are '^¾· In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂ are '^¾

0

, Rc2.2 and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 are CH₃, and R_C2.4 and Rd₂.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

[427] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are ¾ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are ¾ '^¾¾ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 are

H, and R_C2.4 and R_d2.4 are '^¾· ^ \ In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 are CH₃, and R_C2.4 and Rd₂.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂ are

R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 are CH₃, and R_C2.4 and R_d2.4 are In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are '^¾ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are H, and R_c2.4 0

and R_d2.4 are '^¾· ^ .

[428] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ ^* _{5 c2 3} and R_d2.₃ are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.₄ are ^ . 7 ⁰

■29] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are ^'¾· R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃

, and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^\ In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are '^¾ R_c2.₂ and R,

O O

'^¾· r , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are

'^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd₂ are ^^x , R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 are '^- . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are

R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are H, and R_c2.4 and

0

R_dA22.A4 are

[430] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂ are

R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 are w ⁰

"^¾ ^ , and Rc2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^ .

0 0

[431] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂ are ^'¾· R_c2.₂ and Rd₂ are ^'¾· R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 are H,

O 0 0 and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are A ^,¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are J '^¾·U R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are J '^¾·U ^

O

R_c2.3 and Rd₂.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 are A ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂ are 0 0 0

R c2.2 and Rd2 are ^ ₅ R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 are ^'^- *"■ In some

0 0

variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are ^'¾· , R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are ^'¾· , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 are H, and R_c2.4 and

0

R_d2.4 are

0 0

[432] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are ^'¾· <* R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are ^'¾· R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 are O 0

^,¾- , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are '^- .

[433] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are H, and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are ' ^«· ^<· . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃,

V V

and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are \ In some variations, R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ are H, R_d2 and R_d2 are CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are

.

[434] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 and

R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are .. IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR_cc22..ii aanndd RR_dd22 aarree ''^¾¾ ^^ ,, RR_cc22..₂₂ aanndd R_d2 are CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are ' <^■ . In some variations, R_c2.i is

H, R_d2 is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are

o

[435] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 and

0

R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are " <^■ . In some variations, R_c2.i is O

is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂ are and R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 together are

0 0

[436] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are '^¾· ? R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾· and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3

O

and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 together are ' <· ^<- . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 are R_c2.₂ and

Rd₂ are '^¾ , and R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 together are \ In some variations,

0 O

R_c2.i and Rd₂ are ^'¾· ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd₂ are ^'¾· ^ , and R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 together are

[437] In some variations, R_c2.i and R ₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2 are '^¾ , and R_c2.₃ and and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are

[438] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2 and R_c2.₂ and R_d2 together are ' <· , and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 together are

Variations of formulae (Id-Id.63) in which w is 2

[439] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of h is 0. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of h is 2. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 0, a first instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4. [440] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 1. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of h is 0. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of h is

2. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of h is 3. In some variations in which li is 1, a first instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 0₁ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 0₁ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[441] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of ¾ is 3. In some variations in which li is 2, a first instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[442] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 3. In some variations in which Zi is 3, a first instance of I₂ is 0. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of I₂ is 2. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of I₂ is 3. In some variations in which li is 3, a first instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4. [443] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, li is 4. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of h is 0. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of h is 2. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of h is 3. In some variations in which li is 4, a first instance of ¾ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of h is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a second instance of I₂ is 4. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 0₁ is 0. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, 0₁ is 1. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 2. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 3. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, oi is 4.

[444] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a first instance of 0₂ is 4.

[445] In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 0. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 1. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 2. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 3. In some of the variations described in the paragraphs above, a second instance of 0₂ is 4.

[446] In some variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which w is 2, the two respective instances of R_c2 and R_d2 are distinguished in the description below as R_c2 and R_d2 and R_c2' and R_dr, respectively.

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 1

[447] In some variations, R_c2- and R_d2- are both H. In some variations, R_c2- is H and R_d2- is CH₃.

In some variations, R_c2- and R_d2' are both CH₃. In some variations,

some variations, R_c2- and R_d2' are

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 2

[448] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R_c2- and Rd_2' are indicated as R_c2.r and Rd₂.r and R_c2._2' and Rd2.2%

respectively.

[449] In some variations, each of R_c2.r and R_d2.r and R_c2._2' and R_d2._2' is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.r and Rd₂.r and R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.r and R_c2._2' is H and each of Rd₂.r and Rd₂._2' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.r, R_c2._2', and Rd₂.r is H and Rd2.2_' is CH₃.

[450] In some variations, each of R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.r is H and R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' are '^¾ . In some

O

variations, each of R_c2 1- and R_d2 r is H and R_{c2 2}- and R_d2 are ^'¾· *" . In some variations, each of

Rc2.r and Rd2.i_' is CH₃ and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are "^- . In some variations, each of R_C2.r and Rd2.r

O

is CH₃ and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ .

[451] In some variations, R_C2.i_' is H, Rd2.i_' is CH₃, and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are '^¾ ^ ^* . In some

0

variations, R_C2.i_' is H, Rd2.r is CH₃, and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· . In some variations, R_C2.r and

Rd2 1' and R_{c2 2}- and Rd2 v together are ' <· . In some variations, R_c2 r and Rd21' are '^¾ ^

Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are '^¾ . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are '^¾ , and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are O 0 0

^'¾· r \ in some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd2.i_' are ^'¾· and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾·

Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 3

[452] In variations, of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R_c and R_d are indicated as R_C2.r and Rd2.is Rc2.2' and Rd2.2s and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3s respectively.

[453] In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2', Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2.is Rc2.2% Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3_' is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is H and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is Rd2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2s is CH₃ and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3_' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r is H and each of R_C2.2', Rc2.3', Rd2.i', Rd2.2', and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and Rc2.2' is H and each of R_C2.3\ Rd2.i', Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rc2.2s and R_C2.3' is H and each of Rd2.is ¾2.2S and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2s is H and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH₃ and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are H and each of R_C2.2S Rd2.r, and Rd2.2' is CH₃, and R_C2.3' and , each of R_C2.i' and R_C2.2' is H and each of Rd2.r and Rd2.2' is

3, and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are

[455] In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2.i', Rc2.2', and Rd2.2', is H and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

^'¾· r . In some variations, each of R_C2.i', Rd2.r, Rc2.2% and Rd2.2% is CH₃ and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

In some variations, R_C2.i' is H and each of R_C2.2S ¾2.is and Rd2.2' is CH₃, and R_C2.3' and O

Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R_C2.i' and R_C2.2' is H and each of Rd2.r and Rd2.2' is

0

CH₃, and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾· ^^x .

[456] In some variations, R_c2 r and Rd2 1' are "^- , R_{c2 2}- and Rd2 τ are '^¾ ^ , and each of R_c23- and Rd23' is H. In some variations, R_c2

, and each of R_c23- and Rd23' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2 \< and Rd21' are "^- , R_{c2 2}- and Rd22' are '^¾ , R_c23- is H, and Rd23' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2 \< and Rd21' are '^¾ , R_c22' and Rd2 τ are '^¾ , and each of R_c23- and Rd23' is H. In some variations, R_c2 r and Rd2 1' are '^¾ ^ , R_{c2 2'} and Rd2 τ are '^¾ ^ , and each of R_c23- and Rd23' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i' and R_d2.i' are '^¾ R_c2._2' and R_d2.2_' are '^¾ R_c2.3' is H, and Rd2.3_' is CH₃. [457]

R_c2 3- and Rd₂ 3' is H. In some variations, R_c2 r and Rd₂ 1' are '^¾ ^ ^* , R_{c2 2}- and Rd₂τ are '^¾· ^ , and each of R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.r are '^¾ ^ ^* ₅ R_c2.₂- and

0 Γ7

¾2.2' are '^¾· , R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are '\^¾¾ , R,

0

and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are '^¾ ^ , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and ¾2.i' are '^¾ ^ , R_{c2 2}- and Rd2.2' are <*\ R_c2.₃- is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃.

0 O

[458] In some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd2.r are ^'¾· R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· and each of

0 O

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are ^'¾· , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are '^¾· ^^x , and

O

each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are

O O

A ^'¾· r , R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3_' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are A ^'¾· R_C2.2' and

O 0

Rd2.2' are A ^^x , and each of R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are A ^^v ,

O

Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are A ^'¾· and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' O O

are A '^¾· R_{c2 2}- and R_d2.2' are A '^¾· ?\ R_c2.₃- is H, and Rd2.3_' is CH₃.

V V

[459] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are and each of

, and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd2.r and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are ^ , R_C2.₃' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are " <^■ , and R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r and R_C2.2' and

. Variations of formulae (Id)-(Id-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 4

[460] In variations of formulae (Id)-(Id.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R_c2 and R_d2 are indicated as R_c2.r and Rd₂.r; R_C2.2' and Rd₂.2'; Rc2.3' and Rd2.3'; and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4%

respectively.

[461] In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2, R_C2.2S ¾2, R_C2.3S ¾2.3\ R_C2.4S and Rd2.4' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2, Rc2.2s ¾2, R_C2.3S ¾2.3\ R_C2.4S and Rd2.4' is CH₃'. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2, Rc2.2% Rd2, Rc2.3% and Rd2.3' is H and each of R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' is CH₃'. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2, Rc2.2% and Rd2 is H and each of R_C2.3s Rd2.3', Rc2.4', and Rd2.4' is CH₃'. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2, R_C2.2S ¾2, R_C2.3S and Rd2.3' is CH₃' and each of R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' is H.

[462] In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rc2.2', and R_C2.3' is H and each of Rd2, Rd2, and Rd2.3' is

In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2 is CH₃', and each of R_C2.2S Rd2, Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is In some variations, R_C2.i' is H, Rd2 is CH₃', and each of R_C2.2', Rd2, Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and R_C2.₂' is H, each of R_d2 and R_d2 is CH_3', and each of R_C2.3' and R_d2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and R_C2.₂' is H, each of Rd2 and Rd2 is CH_3', and each of R_c2.3' and R_d2.3' is CH₃ .

[463] In some , R_C2.r and Rd2 are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2 are H, R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are H, and

R_c2.4- and Rd2.4'

. In some variatio .r and Rd2 are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2 are H, R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH₃', and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are

. In some variatio R_C2.i' and Rd2 are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2 are CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH₃', and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are

. In some variations, nd Rd2 are CH₃', R_C2.2' and Rd2 are CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are CH₃', and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are

[464] In some variations, R_c2 1- and Rd2 are H, R_{c2 2}- and Rd2 are H, R_c2 and Rd23' are '^¾ , and R_c2 4- and Rd2 v are '^¾ . In some variations, R_c2 1- and Rd2 are H, R_{c2 2}- and Rd2 are CH_3', Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are '^¾ . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2 are C¾_', R_{c2 2}' and R_d2 are CH_3', R_c2 y and R_d23- are '^¾ , and R_c2 4- and R_d24- are '^¾ ^ In some variations, R_c2 1- is H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_{c2 2}- and R_d2 are CH_3', R_c2 y and R_d23- are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2 4- and R_d2 v are '^¾ . In some variations, R_{c2 \}< is H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_{c2 2}- is H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_c2 3- and Rd2.3' are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are '^¾ ^ .

[465] In some variations, R_{c2 \}< and R_d2 are H, R_{c2 2}- and R_d2 are '^¾ , R_c2 3- and R_d23' are '^¾ ₂- and R_d2 are

is

H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_{c2 2}' and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2 y and R_d23' are '^¾ , and R_c2 4- and R_d2 v are

'^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2 1- and R_d2 are '^¾ , R_{c2 2}- and R_d2 are '^¾ , R_c2 3- and R_d23' are

\ '^¾¾ , and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ¾ '^¾ .

[466] In some variations, R_c2.i' and R_d2 are H, R_c2.2' and R_d2 are H, R_c2.3' and R_d2.3' are H, and

O

Rc2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.3' and

0

Rd2.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.2' and

0

Rd₂ are CH₃', R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are A ^'¾·* . In some variations, R_c2.i'

O

and Rd₂ are CH₃', R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are CH₃', R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ .

0

[467] In some variations, R_c2.i' and R_d2 are H, R_c2.2' and R_d2 are H, R_c2.3' and R_d2.3' are ^'¾· ,

O

and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are '^¾· r\ In some variations, R_c2.i' and R_d2 are H, R_c2.2' and R_d2 are CH₃',

O O

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' are r^x ₅ and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^{r '} . some variations, R_C2.i' and Rd2

0 0

,

CH₃', Rc2.2' and Rd2 are CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ^ , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some 0 variations, R_c2.r is H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are CH_3', R_c2.3' and R_d2.3' are ^'¾· and R_c2.4'

0

and R_d2.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r is H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_c2.₂' is H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_c2.3' and

O O

R_d2.3- are ^'¾· ^ , and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are ^'¾· ^ .

O

[468] In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.₂' and Rd₂ are^'^ ^ , R_c2.₃' and Rd₂.₃' are O O

^'¾· r , and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i' and R_d2 are CH_3', R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are

0 0 O

Jb JU JU

H, Rd₂ is CH₃ , R_c2.₂- and Rd₂ are^'¾- R_c2.₃' and Rd₂.₃' are ^'¾· and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^\

0 0 0

In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are Λ ^'¾· R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are Λ ^'¾· R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃' are Λ ^'¾·

O

and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^ .

[469] In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are H, R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃' are H,

⁰ Γ7

and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are Λ ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R_c2.i' and R_d2 are ¾ '^¾¾ R_c2.₂' and R_d2 are

0

CH_3', R_c2.3' and R_d2.₃' are CH_3', and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2 are

Rc2.2' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are

[470] In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂ are ^'¾ ^ , R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are ^'¾ R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are

⁰ Γ7

H, and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are ^'¾· ^^v . In some variations, R_c2.i' and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.2' and R d, 2 are

'^{¾ '}¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂ are

. In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are " \^¾- ^ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are " ¾^¾ ^ , R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are H, and O

R_c2.4- and R_d2.4' are r^x .

[471] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are "^- , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are '^¾ R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are w 0

'^¾ ^ , and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^ . 7 0

[472] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are "^- , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are

⁰ 7

H, and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are Ά '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ are '¾^¾ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are

O 0

^'¾· r , R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ 7 O 0 are '^¾ R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are '^¾· R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are '^¾· ^ . in

7 O

some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are H, and

O

R_c2.4- and R_d2.4' are A ^ ^x .

V7 0

[473] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are ¾ ^ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are A ^'¾· R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are

' ¾^¾ ^ , and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are A ^'¾· ^ .

O O

[474] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are A ^,¾· R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are A ^'¾· R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are

0 O

H, and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are A ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are A ^'¾· R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are O 0

A , R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are A '¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂ 0 0 O are '^¾· R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are '^¾· R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are '^¾· ^ . in o o

some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are <*\ R_c2._2' and Rd₂ are R_c2.3' and Rd₂._3' are H, and

O

Rc2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ .

O O

[475] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· R_c2._3' and Rd₂.3' are O 0

^ , and R_{c2 4} and R_d2.4' are ^'¾ ^ .

[476] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are H, and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and Rc2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are \ In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are

CH₃', and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are ^<· . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and

R_c2.₂- are H, Rd₂ and Rd₂ are CH₃', and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are .

[477] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and

R_c2.4- and Rd₂.4' together are ' ^«· ^<· . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are '^¾ , R_c2.2' and Rd₂

V V

are CH_3', and R_{c2 3}- and R_{d2 3'} and R_c2 4- and R_d2 v together are . In some variations, R_c2 1- is H, R_d2 is CH_3', R_{c2 2}- and R_d2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_{c2 3}- and R_d2 3' and R_c2 4- and R_d2 v together are

[478] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are H, R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are

R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and

0

Rc2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are ' ^«· ^<· . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· R_c2.2' and Rd₂

V V

are CH₃', and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are In some variations, R_c2.i_'

0

is H, Rd₂ is CH₃', R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are

o o

[479] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are ^'¾· and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3'

O

and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are ' T- ^{^} . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are '^¾ , and R_C2.3' and Rd₂._3' and R_C2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are In some variations, 0 O

Rc2.i' and Rd2 are R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are and R_c2.₃' and Rd₂.3' and R_C2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are ^ ^i .

[480] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ are '^¾ R_c2.2' and Rd₂ are '^¾ and R_C2.3' and

3- and R_C2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are

[481] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂ and R_c2.2' and Rd₂ together are , and R_C2.3' and

Rd2.3' and R_C2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are

Compounds of formula (le)

[482] In some variations, compounds of formula (I) fall within formula (le):

(le) wherein: X, Y, R_x, R_Y, R, mj, m₂, Vi, V₂, Rz, n, oi, o₂, w, ring A, R_ci, R_di , R_c2, and R_d2 are as defined above for formula (I).

[483] In some variations, compounds of formula (le) fall within one or more of formulae (Ie. l)- (Ie.63), shown below.

n

(le.3)

n

(le.7)

171

n

(le.15)

n

(le.19)

n

(le.23)

n

(le.27)

n

(le.31)

(le.35)

(le.39)

(le.43)

n

(le.47)

n

(le.51)

n

(le.55)

(le.59)

(le.60)

(le.61 )

(le.62)

(le.63)

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(I3.63) in which w is 1

[484] In some embodiments of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 , oi is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2- 3, 3-4, 1 , 2, 3, or 4. In some of these embodiments, o₂ is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1 , 2, 3, or 4. [485] In some embodiments of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1, 0₂ is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-

3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1

[486] In some variations, R_ci and R_di are both H. In some variations, R_ci is H and R_di is CH₃.

. In some variations, R_ci and R_di are

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 2

[487] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R_ci and R_di are indicated as R_ci.i and R_di.i and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂, respectively.

[488] In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of Rdi.i and Rdi.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, R_ci.₂, and Rdi.i is H and R_di.₂ is CH₃.

[489] In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i is H and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are

. In some

0

R_ci.i and R_di.i is CH₃ and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are

. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_di.i is

CH₃ and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are

[490] In some variations, R

_ci.i is H, R_di.i is CH₃, and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are . In some

O

Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ together are In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are "^- , and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are ^ .

0 O

In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are ^'¾· ? and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 3

[491] In variations, of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R_c and R_b are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.₂; and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3, respectively.

[492] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, ¾ι.ι, Rci.2, ¾ι.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, ¾ι.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH₃ and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i is H and each of R_ci.2, Rci.3, ¾ι.ι, ¾ι.2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of R_ci.3, Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rci.2, and Rci.3 is H and each of Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃.

[493] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are '^¾ .

In some variations, each of R_ci.i, ¾ι.ι, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH₃ and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i is H and each of R_ci.2, Rdi.i, and Rdi.2 is CH₃, and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

'^¾ . In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of Rdi.i and Rdi.2 is CH₃, and

.

O

[494] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, ¾ι.ι, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are ^'¾· some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH₃ and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

In

O

some variations, R_ci.i is H and each of R_ci.2, Rdi.i, and Rdi.2 is CH₃, and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of Rdi.i and Rdi.2 is CH₃, and R_ci.3 and

0

R_di.₃ are '¾ [495] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are '^¾ , and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^¾ , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are "^- , and each of Rci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^¾ , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.3 is H, and R_di.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are '^¾ ^ , and each of R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_di.2 are '^¾ , and each of R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are '^¾ , Rci.2 and Rdi.₂ are ^ , Rci.3 is H, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. 7 0

[496] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are ^'¾ , and each of R_ci

7 0

and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are ¾ '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are \ '^^X- J , and eacl w O of R_ci.3 and R_di.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are "^- , R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are ^'¾·

Rci.3 is H, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are

'^¾· ^ ₅ and each of R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and

Rdi.2 are , and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are

O

R_ci.2 and Rdi.₂ are ^'¾· R_ci.₃ is H, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃.

0 0

[497] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^- , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are '^- , and each of R_ci.₃

O 0

and R_di.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are ^'¾· R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are ^'¾· ^ , and each of

O 0

Rci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are ^ , R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ are '^- , O

Rci.3 is H, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are R_ci.₂ and Rdi.: ₂ are

O 0

^'¾· r , and each of R_d.3 and R_di.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are ^'¾· ^ , R_ci.₂ and

0 O

Rdi.2 are and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are '^- ^',

O

R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ are ^'¾· R_d.3 is H, and R_d is CH₃.

[498] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ together are " <^■ , and each of

R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ together are , and each of R_d.3 and R_di.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i and R_ci.₂ and R_di.₂ together are % Rd.3 is H, and Rd is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.₂ together are , and R_d.3 and R_di.3 are

. In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.2 together are , and R .3 and Rdi.3 are

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 4

[499] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R_ci and Rdi are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and Rd.4 and Rdi.4, respectively.

In some variations,

₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, and Rb₂ is H and each of Rd.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi, Rci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH₃ and each of Rd.4 and R_di.₄ is H.

[501] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, R_ci.2, and Rd.3 is H and each of Rdi, Rb2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi is CH₃, and each of R_ci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi is CH₃, and each of R_ci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H, each of Rdi and Rb2 is CH₃, and each of Rd.3 and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H, each of R_di and R_b2 is CH₃, and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃.

[502] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are H, R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are H, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are H, R_ci.₃ and R_di.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are "^- . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^¾ ^ .

[503] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are H, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are

and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, R_ci.3 and R_di.₃ are '^¾ , and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are '^¾ ^ , and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i is H, R_di is CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are '^¾ ^ ^* , and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i is H, R_di is CH₃, R_ci.₂ is H, R_b2 is CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are

, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are

[504] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are

'^¾ , and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are "^- . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are

\ '^¾¾ , R_ci.3 and R_di.₃ are ¾ "^- ^ , and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are \ '^¾¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i is H,

R_di is CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are

, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are ₅ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are ' ¾^¾ , R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are ' \^¾¾ , R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are '^¾¾ ^ , and

[505] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are H, R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are H, and

0

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are H, R_ci.3 and

0

R_di.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and

0

Rb₂ are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and

O

R_di are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^ .

O

[506] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are H, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are ^'¾· , and

O

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^,¾· . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_ci.₃

0 0

and R_di.3 are ^'¾· , and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are CH₃, R_ci.₂

0 O

and Rb₂ are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are ^ , and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i

0 0 is H, R_di is CH₃, R_d.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ are ^'¾· ^ , and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

0

In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi is CH₃, R_ci.₂ is H, Rb₂ is CH₃, R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are and

R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are

0 O

[507] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are^,¾- *^" , R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are

O O

and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are^'^ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are ^'¾· 0 0

Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are A and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are A '^- . In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi is CH₃,

0 0 O

R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are J^'¾- U R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are ^'¾·Lj and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are J ^'¾· U ^\ In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are

0

and R_di.4 are A ^ .

[508] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are H, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are H, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are A '¾· In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '¾^¾ ^ ₅ R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are A In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are ¾ '^¾ ^

0

, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are H, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are A '^¾· ^ .

[509] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are

H, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are A ^\ In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '¾^¾ R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are

are

, R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ ^* , R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾ , R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are H, and R_ci.4

0

and Rdi.4 are A ^\

[510] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '^¾ , R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are "^- , R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

0

and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are 0

[511] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '^¾ , R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are ^'^- , R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

H, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '¾· ^\ In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ ₅ R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are O O

^ , Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^- ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi ai w O 0

'^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are ^'¾· and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are ^'¾· ^ \ In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are

, R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are H, and R_ci.4 and

0

are '¾· 7 ⁰

[512] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '^¾ , R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are ^'^- , R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are

and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are

0 0

[513] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾· R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾· R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are

O 0 0 and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are ^'¾· ^ , R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are ^'¾· ^

O

, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 are '^¾· ^ . in some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are 0 0 0

^'¾· r , Rci.₂ and Rb₂ are ^'¾· , R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH₃, and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are ^'¾· ^ .

0 0

variations, R_ci.i and R_di are R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾· R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are H, and R_ci.4 and

0

0 0

[514] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾· R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾· R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are O 0

'^¾· , and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are '^¾· ^ \ [515] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are H, and R_ci.3 and R_di.3 and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, and Rci.3 and Rdi.3 and Rd.4 and Rdi.4 together are . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ are H, Rdi and Rb₂ are CH₃, and R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 together are ^¾ .

[516] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are

₅ and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and

R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are ^x . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are ' <- . In some variations, R_ci.i is

H, Rdi is CH₃, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are '^¾ , and R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 together are

O

[517] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are H, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾· and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and

O

Rci.4 and Rdi.4 together are . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are '^- R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are CH₃, and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are ' <- . In some variations, R_ci.i is

O

H, R_di is CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾· and R_ci.₃ and R_di.₃ and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are

0 0

[518] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi are ^'¾· R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are ^'¾· and R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃

O

and R_ci R_di.4 together are ' <^■ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾· , R_ci.₂ and

R_b2 are

0 O

Rci.i and Rdi are *" , R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are and R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 together are [519] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di are '^¾ ^ , R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are '^¾ , and R_ci.3 and R_di.3 and R_ci.4 and R_di.4 together are .

[520] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di and R_ci.₂ and R_b2 together are " <^■ , and R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 and Rci.4 and Rdi.4 together are .

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and 0₂ is 1

[521] In some variations, R_c2 and R_d2 are both H. In some variations, R_c2 is H and R_d2 is CH₃.

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and 0₂ is 2

[522] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R_c2 and R_d2 are indicated as R_c2.i and R_d2.i and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂, respectively.

[523] In some variations, each of R_c2.i and Rd₂.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and Rd₂.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of Rd₂.i and Rd₂.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.i, R_c2.₂, and Rd₂.i is H and Rd2.₂ is CH₃.

[524] In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_d2.i is H and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are '^¾ . In some

0

variations, each of R_c2.i and R_d2.i is H and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are '^¾· ^ . in some variations, each of

R_c2.i and Rd₂.i is CH₃ and R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.2 are '^¾ In some variations, each of R_c2.i and Rd2.i is

0

CH₃ and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are '^- . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2

7 0

are . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ together are . In some variations, R_c2.i and

R_dn are '^¾ R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.₂

0 0 0 and Rd₂.₂ are % A_/ In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are % '^ A- _/ , and R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are ¾A ^\

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and 02 is 3

[525] In variations, of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R_c and R_d are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd₂.i; Rc2.2 and Rd₂.2i and R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃, respectively.

[526] In some variations, each of R_c2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and each of R_c2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.i, Rdii, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH₃ and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, R_c2.i is H and each of R_C2.2, Rc2.3, ¾2.i, ¾2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of R_C2.₃, Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rc2.2, and Rc2.3 is H and each of Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃.

[527] In some variations, each of R_C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are

In some variations, each of R_C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH₃ and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i is H and each of R_C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are

'^¾ . In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and

R_c2.3 and R_d2.3 are \ '^¾¾ ^ .

O

[528] In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and R_c2.3 and Rd2.3 are ^ .

O

In some variations, each of R_C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH₃ and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are ^'¾· ^ . in

O

some variations, R_c2.i is H and each of R_C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are ^ . In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of R_d2.i and R_d2.₂ is CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and 0

R_d2.₃ are '¾

[529] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are

R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '^¾ , and each of R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are "^- ₅ R_{c2 2} and R_d2.₂ are ^ , and each of Rc2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are '^¾ ^ , Rc2.3 is H, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are '^¾ , and each of R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and ¾₂.₂ are '^¾ ^ , and each of R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are ₅

R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '^¾¾ ^ , R_c2.₃ is H, and R_d2.₃ is CH₃.

variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '^¾· and each of R_c2.₃

7 0

and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are ^ , and each

O

of R_C2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '^¾· R_c2.3 is H, and R_d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are , R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are

^,¾- ^ , and each of R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are "^- , R_c2.₂ and

⁰ Γ7 R_d2.₂ are ^'¾· and each of R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are ,

O

R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are ^'¾· <*\ R_c2.₃ is H, and R_d2.3 is CH₃. 0 0

[531] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are A '^- * , R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are Λ , and each of R_c2.₃

O 0

and R_d2.₃ is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are ^'¾· R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are ^'¾· ^ , and each of

O 0

R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are ^^x , R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are '^- ,

O

Rc2.3 is H, and Rd₂.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are ^'¾· R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.2 are

O 0

'T- , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are '^- , R_c2.₂ and

0 O are ^'¾· *" , and each of R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are ^'¾·

O

R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are <*\ R_c2.₃ is H, and Rd₂.3 is CH₃. VV

[532] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i and R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 together are ' <· , and each of

R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 is H. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.2 together are ^x , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 together are R_c2.₃ is H, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 tog ¾eetthheerr aarree ' ^ ,, aanndd RR_cc22..₃₃ aanndd RRdd22..33 a arree ''^^¾- ^ ^* .. IInn some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂

0

and Rd2.2 together are , and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above, and 02 is 4

[533] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R_c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4, respectively.

[534] In some variations, each of R_c2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, ¾2.3, Rc2.4, and R_d2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, ¾2.i, R_C2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, ¾2.3, R_C2.4, and R_d2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H and each of R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2 is H and each of R_C2.₃, Rd2.3 Rc2.4 and Rd2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, ¾2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH₃ and each of R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 is H.

[535] In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rc2.2, and R_c2.₃ is H and each of Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, and each of R_C2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, and each of R_C2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H, each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H, each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and each of R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ is CH₃.

[536] s, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are H, and

Rc2.4

. In some variati R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are

. In some variatio R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are

. In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are

[537] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾ , and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾ , and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾ ^ ^* , and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾ . In some variations is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, R_c2.₂ is H, Rd2.2 is CH₃, R_c2.₃ and

Rd2.3 are [538] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '^¾ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are '^¾ "^- . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are

, and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 are . In some variations, R_c2.i is

H, R_d2.i is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are ¾ '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are ¾ '^¾ , and R_c2.₄ and R_d2.4 are ¾ '^¾¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are

'^¾¾ ^ , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are '^¾¾ ^\

[539] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ are H, and

0

R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are H, R_c2.₃ and

0

Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are H, R_c2.₂ and

0

¾2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and

0

R_dn are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and R_c2.₄ and R_d2.4 are '^¾· ^ .

O

[540] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are ^'¾ Λ·

O

and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^ . in some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are CH₃,

0 0

R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾· and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾· ^\ In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are

0 O

CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are ^'¾· ^ , and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some

O

variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are '^¾· and R_c2.4 and 0

Rd₂.4 are ^,¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd₂.i is CH₃, R_c2.₂ is H, Rd₂.₂ is CH₃, R_c2.₃ and

0 O

¾2.3 are , and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 are ^'¾· ^\

O

[541] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.2 are'^ R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 are O O

^'¾· r , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are

is H,

some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are

and

i an H2 are

[542] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are

⁰ V7

and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are

O

CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are

[543] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are ¾ '^¾ ^ _{5 c2 2} and Rd2.2 are ¾ '^¾¾ , R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are H, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are '^¾· ^ \ In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c and Rd2.i are

, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are , R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 are . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are ^ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are H, and 0

R_C2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^'¾· ^\

[544] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_{c2 2} and R_d2.₂ are ' ^ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are

[545] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are ^'¾· R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ an

H, and R_c2.₄ and R_d2.4 are '^¾ In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ , R_{c2 2} and R_d2.₂ an

O O

'¾· ^ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and R_d2.₄ are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i ^-, 0 O are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are '¾· ^ , R_{c2 3} and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and R_c2.₄ and R_d2.₄ are In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ <*\ R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are <* R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are H, and

0

w ⁰

[546] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are < \ R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are <*\ R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are

and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are

0 o

[547] In some variations, RR_cc22..ii aanndd RR_dd22..ii aarree ^''¾¾·· RR_cc22..₂₂ aanndd RR_dd22..₂₂ aarree ^''¾¾·· r <*\\ RR_cc22..₃₃ aanndd RR_dd2.₃ are

O O

H, and R_c2.₄ and R_d2.₄ are '¾· In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾· R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are

O O

'^- <*\ R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i 0 0 o

'T- R_c2.2 and R_d2.2 are R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ are CH₃, and R_c2.₄ and R_d2.4 are <*\ In

0 O

some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are ^'¾· <*\ R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are H, and

0

R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^'¾· ^\

0 O

[548] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are ^'¾· R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are <* R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are O 0

^ , and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 are ^ .

[549] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are H, and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are \ In some valuations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are

CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are ^/¾· In some variations, R_c2.i and Rc2.2 are H, R_d2.i and R_d2.2 are CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are "^{¾ ^} .

[550] In some variations, R_C2.i and R_d2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are "^- , and R_C2.₃ and R_d2.₃ and

R_C2.4 and R_d2.4 together are 'τ- τ.. in some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.2 and R_d2.2

VV

are CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are '^¾ . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, R_d2.i is CH₃, Rc2.2 and R_d2.2 are ' ^ , and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ and R_c2.₄ and R_d2.₄ together are

o

[551] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are ^'¾ ^ , and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ and

O

R_c2.4 and R_d2.₄ together are ^x . In some vaiiations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are CH₃, and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are ' W^¾ V . In some variations, R_C2.i is O

is CH₃, Rc₂.₂ and Rd₂.2 are ^\ and R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 together are

0 O

[552] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are '^¾· , R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are '^¾· and R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3

0

and R_c2.4 and R_d2.4 together are ' <· ^<- . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are ' ^- , R_c2.₂ and

Rd2.2 are '^- ^ , a anndd R R_c„n₂.₃ a anndd K RJdH2.3 a anndd R R_c„T₂.4 ,1 a anndd T R¾dj-2».4 ,1 t tnogwetthhperr a arrpe " t*· ^{^} <· . In some variations,

O O

R_c2.i and Rd2.i are ^'¾· ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'¾· and R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are

[553] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.₃ and

¾2.3 and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are

[554] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 together are , and R_c2.₃ and

Rd2.3 and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 together are

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2

[555] In some variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63), w is 2 and the two respective instances of R_c2 and Rd2 are distinguished in the description below as R_c2 and Rd2 and R_c2- and Rd2% respectively.

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie-.63) in which w is 2, 0₁ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 1

[556] In some variations, R_c2- and Rd2' are both H. In some variations, R_c2- is H and Rd2' is CH₃.

In some variations, R_c2- and Rd2' are both CH₃. In some variations, R_c2- and Rd2' are '^¾ ^ . In

O

some variations, R_c2- and Rd2' are Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 2

[557] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R_c2- and Rd_2' are indicated as R_c2.r and Rd₂.r and R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2% respectively.

[558] In some variations, each of R_c2.r and R_d2.r and R_c2._2' and R_d2._2' is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.r and Rd₂.r and R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.r and R_c2._2' is H and each of Rd₂.r and Rd₂._2' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.r, R_c2._2', and Rd₂.r is H and Rd2.2_' is CH₃.

[559] In some variations, each of R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.i_' is H and R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' are

. In some

O

Rc2.r and Rd2.r is CH₃ and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are

. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and Rd2.r

O

is CH₃ and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ .

[560] In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2.i_' is CH₃, and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are "^- . In some

0

variations, R_C2.i_' is H, Rd2.i_' is CH₃, and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, _' and

Rd2.r and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are ' <· . In some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd₂.i_' are

Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are ¾ '^¾¾ . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are ¾ '^¾ , and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are O 0 0

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 3

[561] In variations, of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R_c and R_d are indicated as R_C2.r and Rd2.is Rc2.2' and Rd2.2s and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3s respectively. [562] In some variations, each of R_c2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s ¾2.2S Rc2.3s and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2% Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3_' is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.r, Rd2.i', Rc2.2', and Rd2.2% is H and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rc2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH₃ and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3_' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r is H and each of R_C2.2S

¾2.is ¾2.2S and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and Rc2.2' is H and each of R_C2.3\ Rd2.r, Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rc2.2', and Rc2.3' is H and each of Rd2.r, Rd2.2% and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2s is H and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are

. In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2% is CH₃ and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are H and each of R_C2.2S Rd2.r, and Rd2.2' is CH₃, and R_C2.3' and , each of R_C2.r and R_C2.2' is H and each of Rd2.r and Rd2.2' is

3, and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3'

[564] In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s and Rd2.2s is H and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

^,¾- In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2% and Rd2.2% is CH₃ and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O

^'¾· r . In some variations, R_C2.i_' is H and each of R_C2.2S ¾2.is and Rd2.2' is CH₃, and R_C2.3' and

O

Rd2.3' are ^'^- ^ . In some variations, each of R_C2.r and R_C2.2' is H and each of Rd2.r and Rd2.2' is

0

CH₃, and R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ^ .

[565] In some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd2.r are "^- , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are '^¾ ^ and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are "^- , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are , and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are '^¾ ^ ^* ₅ R_c2.₂- and ¾2.2' are '^¾ , R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are

, R_c2. Rd₂._2' are "^- ^ , and each of R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' is H. In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.i_' are

, R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' are '^¾ , and each of R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.i_' are '^¾ R_c2.₂- and Rd₂.₂- are "^- , R_c2._3' is H, and Rd₂._3' is CH₃.

[566] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.r are '^¾ ^ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' are ^'¾· , and each of

Rc2.3' and Rd₂.3' is H. In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.i_' are '^¾ , R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' are ^'¾· , and each of R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.i_' are '^¾ ^ ^* ₅ R_c2.₂- and

Rd2.2' are

R_C2.₃' is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd2.r are , R_c2.₂

0

and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· ^ , and each of R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are

'^¾ , Rc2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'^- , and each of R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.i_'

W O

and Rd2.i_' are '^¾ ^ , R_{c2 2}- and Rd2.2' are ^'¾· <*\ R_{c2 3}- is H, and Rd2.3' is CH₃.

0 O

[567] In some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd2.i_' are R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^'^- ^', and each of

0 O

O

O O

^'¾· r , R_C2.3' is H, and Rd2.3_' is CH₃. In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are ^'¾· R_C2.2' and

O 0

Rd2.2' are ^^x , and each of R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, R_C2.i_' and Rd2.r are ^'^- , O

R_c2.₂- and Rd₂._2' are and each of R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.i_' O O

are ^'¾· <*\ R_{c2 2}- and R_d2.₂- are ^'¾· <*\ R_{c2 3}- is H, and Rd2.3_' is CH₃.

[568] In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2.r and R_c2._2' and R_d2._2' together are _anc[ _Q

V V

Rc2.3' and Rd₂.3' is H. In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂.i' and R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' together are '^{¾ ¾} , and each of R_c2.3' and Rd₂._3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.i_' and R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' together are , R_c2.3' is H, and Rd₂.3' is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.r and R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' together are , and R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ . In some variations, R_C2.r and

0

Rd2.r and R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' together are , and R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ^ .

Variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie-.63) in which w is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, or 4 as described above; and a second instance of 0₂ is 4

[569] In variations of formulae (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R_c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R_C2.r and Rd2.is Rc2.2' and Rd2.2s Rc2.3' and Rd2.3s and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4%

respectively.

[570] In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2', Rd2.2% Rc2.3', Rd2.3', Rc2.4% and Rd2.4' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s ¾2.2S Rc2.3s ¾2.3\ Rc2.4s and Rd2.4' is CH₃-. In some variations, each of R_C2.is ¾2.is Rc2.2s ¾2.2S Rc2.3s and Rd2.3' is H and each of R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' is CH₃'. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2.r, Rc2.2% and Rd2.2' is H and each of R_C2.₃', Rd2.3', Rc2.4', and Rd2.4' is CH₃'. In some variations, each of R_C2.r, Rd2.i', Rc2.2', Rd2.2', Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is CH₃' and each of R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' is H.

[571] In some variations, each of R_C2.is Rc2.2s and R_C2.₃' is H and each of Rd2.i_', ¾2.2S and Rd2.3' is CH₃'. In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2.i_' is CH₃', and each of R_C2.2S ¾2.2S

and Rd2.3' is CH₃'. In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2.r is CH₃', and each of R_C2.2', Rd2.2% Rc2.3', and Rd2.3' is H.

In some variations, each of R_C2.r and R_C2.2' is H, each of Rd2.r and Rd2.2' is CH₃', and each of Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.r and R_C2.2' is H, each of Rd2.r and Rd2.2' is CH₃', and each of R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' is CH₃-. [572] In some variatio .r and Rd₂.r are H, R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' are H, R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are H, and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.-r are

. In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.r are H, R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' are H,

Rc2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃-, and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂.i' are

H, R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' are CH₃', R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are "^- ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.r are CH₃', R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' are CH₃', R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' are CH₃', and R_C2.4'

[573] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are H, R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ , and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are '^¾ In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ ^ , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_C2.r and

Rd2.r are CH₃ , R_{c2 2}- and Rd2.2' are CH₃ , R_{c2 3}- and Rd2.3' are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.₄- and Rd2.4' are

¾ '^¾¾ . In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2.i' is CH₃', R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH₃', R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ , and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are '^¾ In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2.i_' is CH₃', R_C2.2' is H, ¾2.2' is CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are '^¾ , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are '^¾ ^ ^" .

[574] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^ , R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are

'^¾ , a 4' and Rd2.4' are "^- some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are CH₃', R_C2.2' and

Rd2.2' are

, R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' are , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are . In some variations,

R_c2.i- is H, R_d2.i_' is CH₃', R_c22- and Rd2.2' are '^¾ ^ , R_{c2 3}- and Rd2.3' are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.₄- and Rd2.4' are . i_n some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are ^ , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are '^¾ ^ , R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are \ "^¾- ^ , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ¾ '^¾¾ [575] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.r are H, R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' are H, R_c2._3' and Rd₂._3' are H,

O

and R_C2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.i_' are H, R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' are H,

O

Rc2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃-, and R_C2.4' and Rd₂.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂.r are

O

and Rd₂.2' are CH₃', R_c2._3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃' and R_C2.4' and Rd₂.4' are In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.i_' are CH₃', R_c2.2' and Rd₂.2' are CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd₂.3' are CH₃', and R_C2.4'

0

o

[576] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are H, R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾· ^

O

, and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^'¾· ^^v . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are

0 0

CH₃', Rc2.3' and Rd2.3' are ^ , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^ . In some variations, R_C2.r and

O O

Rd2.i' are CH₃', R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are CH₃', R_C2.₃' and Rd2.3' are ^'¾· *^" , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^'¾· <*\

O

and Rc2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_C2.r is H, Rd2.r is CH₃', R_C2.2' is H, Rd2.2' is

0 0

CH₃', R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^'¾· .

0

[577] In some variations, R_C2.i' and Rd2.i' are H, R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are^'^ ^ , R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are O O

^'¾· r , and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are ^ . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are CH₃', R_C2.2' and Rd2.2 are

In some variations, R_C2.i_' is

O 0

H, Rd2.i_' is CH₃', R_c2.2- and R_d2.2' are 5 ^''¾¾· ^ <*\\ RRr_c2₂ v₃- aanndd RRH_d22.3₃'' aarree ^''¾¾·· ^ < \\ aanndd RR_rc2₂.4₄'- aanndd RRH_d2.4' are O 0 0

' < \ In some variations, R_c2.i' and Rd₂.r are ^'¾ ^\ R_c2.₂' and Rd₂.₂' are R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3'

O O

are A ^'¾· and R_c2.4' and Rd2.4' are A ^'¾· \

[578] In some variations, R_c2.i' and R_d2.i' are ' \^¾¾ ^ , R_c2.₂- and Rd₂.₂ ^r are H, R_c2.3' and Rd2.3^r are

⁰ Γ7

H, and R_c2.4- and R_d2.4' are A ^ . In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.r are > '¾^¾ , R_c2.₂- and RdZ2'

O

are CH_3', R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃' are CH_3', and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are A ^'¾ *^" . In some variations, R_c2.r and

R_d2.i' are ·¾ , R_c2.₂- and R_d2.₂' are H, R_c2.₃- and Rd₂.3' are CH₃ , and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' are A ^'¾· ^ .

[579] In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2.r are "^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂- and R_d2._2' are ^'¾ ^ , R_c2.₃' and Rd₂.₃-

⁰ V7

are H, and R_c2.4- and R_d2.4' are A ^ \ In some variations, R_C2.i' and Rd2.i' are ¾ '^¾ ^ , R_C2.2'

R_c2.r and R_d2.i' are '^¾ ^ , R_{c2 2}- and R_d2.₂- are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₃- and R_d2.3^r are CH₃ , and R_c2.₄- and

R t_dd₂2..44'' aarree ^ \ In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.r are ^'¾ ^ , R_C2.2' and Rd2.2' are ^"^- ^ , R_C2.3' and Rd2.3' are H, and R_C2.4' and Rd2.4' are

[580] In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i' are "^¾ ^ , R_C2.2' and Rd₂.r are '^¾ , R_C2.3' and Rd2.3'

are H, and R_C2.4' and R_d2.4' are A ^'¾· ^ < \ . IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, RR_CC22..rr aanndd RR_dd22..i' aarree ¾ ^'¾¾ ^ ,, RR_CC22..22'' and o o

R_d2.2- are ^ R_{c2 3'} and R_d2.₃- are CH₃<, and R_{c2 4'} and R_d2.₄- are ^'¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i 2.₄- and R_d2.₄- are R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃'

H, and R_c2.4- and R_d2.4' are

[582] In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2._r are ^ , R_c2.₂- and R_d2.₂- are ^'¾ ^ , R_c2.₃' and R,

are and R_c2.4' an _d2.4- are

0 0

[583] In some variations, R_c2._r and R_d2._r are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂- and R_d2.₂- are ^'¾· ^ , R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃'

0 Q

are H, and R_c2.₄- and R_d2.₄- are _¾ '¾A· <*\ In some variations, R_c2.r and R_d2. are JU <*\ R_{c2 2}- and R_{d2 2}. are

In some variations, R_{c2 r} and R_d2.i_' are A , R_c2._2' and R_{d2 2}- are A R_c2._3' and R_{d2 3}- are CH₃ , and R_c2.₄- and R_d2.₄' are

0

are H, and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4' are ^'¾· ^ .

O O

[584] In some variations, R_{c2 r} and R_d2.i_' are '^¾A ^ , R_c2.₂- and R_d2.₂- are J ^'¾·U ^ , R_c2.₃- and R_d2.₃- O O

¾

are \ '¾A· ^ , and R_c2.4- and R_d2.4- are ^'¾· ^ .

[585] In some variations, R_c2._r and R_d2._r are H, R_c2.₂- and R_d2.₂- are H, and R_c2.₃' and R_d2.₃' and R_c2.4- and R_d2.₄- together are ^ . In some valuations , R_c2.r and R_d2.r are H, R_{c2 2}- and R_{d2 2}- are and R_c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4^r and Rd₂.4' together are ' . In some variations, R_C2.r and R_c2.₂- are H, Rd₂.r and Rd2.2' are CH₃', and R_c2._3' and Rd2.3' and R_c2.4' and R_d2.4- together are

[586] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.i_' are H, R_c2.₂- and R_d2.2' are '^x ^ , and R_c2.₃- and R_d2._3' and R_c2.4' and Rd2.4' together are . In some variations, R_C2.r and Rd2.i_' are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.2' and Rd2.₂- are CH₃ , and R_c2._3' and Rd₂.₃- and R_c2.4- and Rd₂.4- together are " . In some variations, R_c2.r is i' is CH₃', R_c2.₂- and Rd₂._2' are '^¾ , and R_c2.₃- and Rd₂._3' and R_c2.₄- and

Rd2.4^r together are

O

[587] In some variations, R_c2.i_' and Rd₂.r are H, R_c2._2' and R_d2.₂- are ^'¾· and R_c2._3' and R_d2.₃-

O

and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are ' . In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.r are R_c2.₂- and

VVV

Rd₂.₂' are CH₃', and R_c2._3' and Rd₂.₃- and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are "^x . In some variations,

0

R_c2.i' is H, Rd₂.r is CH₃', R_c2.₂- and Rd₂.r are ^'¾· and R_c2.₃- and Rd₂.₃ ^r and R_c2.4- and Rd₂.4^r together are

0 0

[588] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.r are '¾· ^ , R_c2.₂- and R_d2._2' are '^¾· ^ , and R_c2.₃- and

0

Rd2.3^r and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are ' V In some variations, R_c2.i_' and R_d2.i_' are '^¾· ,

R_c2.2- and Rd₂._2' are " , and R_c2.₃- and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4- and R_d2.4' together are ' . In some

0 0

variations, R_c2.i' and ' are R_c2.₂- and Rd₂._2' are and R_c2.3- and Rd₂.3' and R ^_cc2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are

[589] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.r are '^¾ , R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' are '^¾ ^ , and R_c2.3' and

3- and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are

[590] In some variations, R_c2.r and Rd₂.r and R_c2._2' and Rd₂._2' together are ' ^«· , and R, c2.3' and Rd₂.3' and R_c2.4' and Rd₂.4' together are

Compounds of formula (If)

[591] In some variations, compounds of formula (I) fall within formula (If):

(If) wherein: X, Y, R_x, R_Y, R, m₂ Vi, V¾ Rz, w, o^, o₂, ring A, T, Ui, R_d, R_di, and U₂ are as defined above for formula (I).

[592] In some variations, compounds of formula (If) fall within one or more of formulae (If.1)- (If.63), shown below.

(If.1 )

(lf.6)

216

217

(If.26)

(If 31)

220

(lf.41)

(lf.46)

(If 5 )

224

225

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1

[593] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -C(=0)NH-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -NH(C=0)-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -C(=0)-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -S-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -0-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -NH-. In some variations of formulae (If)- (If.63), T is -S(=0)-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -S(=0)₂NH-. In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63), T is -NHS(=0)₂-.

[594] In some of these variations, ot is 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-8. 6-7, 7-8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.

[595] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first Ui is

-C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, a second Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a second Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-- In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -S-.

[596] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a third Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -S-.

[597] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first Ui is

-0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -S-.

In some these variations, a third Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a third Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -S-.

[598] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a second Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a second Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a third Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-- In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth Ui is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -C(RciRdi)-- In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh Ui is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -C(R_ciR_di)-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth Ui is -S-.

[599] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, 02 is 1-8, 1-

7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-

8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-8. 6-7, 7-8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.

[600] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a second U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a second U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -C(R_c2R_d2)-- In some these variations, a third U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -C(R_c2R_d2)-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -C(R_c2R_d2)-- In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -S-.

[601] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a second U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -C(R_c2R_d2)-- In some these variations, a third U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -C(R_c2R_d2)-- In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -C(R_C2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -S-.

[602] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first U₂ is

-0-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a second U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -S-.

In some these variations, a third U₂ is -C(R_C2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a third U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -C(R_C2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -C(R_c2R_d2)-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -S-.

[603] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, a first U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a second U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a second U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -C(R_c2R_d2)-- In some these variations, a third U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a third U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fourth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -C(R_c2R_d2)-- In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a fifth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -C(R_c2R_d2)-- In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a sixth U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, a seventh U₂ is -S-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-- In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -N-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -0-. In some these variations, an eighth U₂ is -S-.

[604] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first Ui, a second Ui, a third Ui, a fourth Ui, a fifth Ui, a sixthUi, a seventh Ui, and/or an eighth Ui is -C(RciRdi)-, Rci and Rdi independently are H or CH₃.

[605] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a i, a fifth Ui, a sixthUi, a seventh Ui, and/or an eighth

[606] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first Ui, a second Ui, a third Ui, a fourth Ui, a fifth Ui, a sixthUi, a seventh Ui, and/or an eighth

-C(RciRdi)-, Rci and Rdi are

[607] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first Ui, a second Ui, a third Ui, a fourth Ui, a fifth Ui, a sixthUi, a seventh Ui, and/or an eighth

Ui is -C(RciRdi)-, two of CRciRdi are

[608] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first U₂, a second U₂, a third U₂, a fourth U₂, a fifth U₂, a sixthU₂, a seventh U₂, and/or an eighth U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-, Rc2 and Rd₂ independently are H or CH₃.

[609] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first U₂, a second U₂, a third U₂, a fourth U₂, a fifth U₂, a sixthU₂, a seventh U₂, and/or an eighth

U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-, Rc2 and Rd2 are

[610] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first U₂, a second U₂, a third U₂, a f_0Urth U₂, a fifth U₂, a sixthU₂, a seventh U₂, and/or an eighth U₂

O

is -C(R_C2Rd2)-, Rc2 and Rd2 are '^¾· ^ .

[611] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which a first U₂, a second U₂, a third U₂, a fourth U₂, a fifth U₂, a sixthU₂, a seventh U₂, and/or an eighth

U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-, two of CR_c2Rd2 are .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and one Ui is -C(R_ciRdi)-

[612] In some variations, R_ci and Rdi are both H. In some variations, R_ci is H and Rdi is CH₃.

In some variations, R_ci and Rdi are both CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ciRdi)- is '^- . In some

O

variations, -C(RciRdi)- is ^\

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and two Ui are -C(R_ciRdi)-

[613] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R_ci and Rdi are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.2, respectively.

[614] In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.2 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i and R_ci.₂ and Rdi.2 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of R_di.i and R_di.₂ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rci.2, and R_di.i is H and Rd is CH₃.

[615] In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i is H and -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is '^¾ In some

O

variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i is H and -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^\ In some variations, each of

Rci.i and Rdi.i is CH₃ and -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is "^- . In some variations, each of R_ci.i and Rdi.i is

CH₃ and -C(R_ci.₂R_di.₂)- is

[616] In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.₂)- is '^¾ . In some

0

variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.₂)- is ^,¾- ^ . In some variations, -C(Rci.iRdi.i)- is *- and -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is ^{^} . In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is

\ ^'¾¾ and -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is ¾ ^'¾ . In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ¾ ^'¾ and

O 0 0

-C(Rci.2Rdi.2)- is ^'^- ^■ In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'^- and -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is ^'^- ^

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and three Ui are -C(R_ciRdi)-

[617] In variations, of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R_c and R_d are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; and R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃, respectively.

[618] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, ¾ι.ι, R_ci.2, ¾ι.2, R_ci.₃, and Rdi.₃ is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, Rdi.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH₃ and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is H. In some variations, R_ci.i is H and each of R_ci.2, R_ci.3, ¾ι.ι, ¾ι.2, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of R_ci.₃, Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rci.2, and Rci.3 is H and each of Rdi.i, Rdi.2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. [619] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is H and -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is ^ .

In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.₂, is CH₃ and R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ are '^¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i is H and each of R_ci.₂, Rdi.i, and Rdi.₂ is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)- is '^¾ *^" . In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of R_di.i and R_di.₂ is CH₃, and -

^

[620] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.₂, is H and -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.₃)- is ^^x .

O

In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2, is CH₃ and -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)- is \ In

0 some variations, R_ci.i is H and each of R_ci.₂, Rdi.i, and Rdi.₂ is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.₃)- is ^,¾- ^ . In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H and each of R_di.i and R_di.₂ is CH₃, and

O

[621] In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is "^- ^ , and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ , -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is e '^¾ , and each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is , -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ,

Rci.3 is H, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is "^- ^ , -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is '^¾ , and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ , -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is

\ '^¾¾ , and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ¾ '^¾ , - C(Rei.₂Rdi.2)- is ^ , Rci.3 is H, and R_di.₃ is CH₃. 0

[622] In some variations, -C(Rci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ , -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.₂)-

Rci.3 and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ -C(R_ci is H, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.₂)- is ^\ and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ , -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^,¾- ^\ and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ , -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is O

^'¾ ^ , Rci.3 is H, and R_di.₃ is CH₃.

O 0

[623] In some variations, -C(Rd.iRdi.i)- is ^\ -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^\ and each of R_ci.₃

0 0

and Rdi.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ^ , -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is ^,¾· ^ί , and each of

0 0

R_ci.3 and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is R_ci.₃

0 0 is H, and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is ^'^- , and

0 O each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is

0

and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'^- *" , -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is O

^¾ ^ , Rci.3 is H, and R_di.₃ is CH₃.

V V

[624] In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- together are , and each of

V

Rci.3 and Rdi.₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- together are , and each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- together are , R_ci.3 is H, and Rd is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- and

-C(R_ci.₂R_di.₂)- together are and -C(R_ci.₃R_di.3)- is '^- . In some variations,

0

-C(Rei.iRdi.i)- and -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- together are and -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)- is ^

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and four Ui are -C(R_ciRdi)-

[625] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R_ci and R_di.i are indicated as R_ci.i and R_di.i; R_ci.2 and R_di.2; R_ci.3 and R_di.3; and R_ci.4 and R_di.4, respectively.

[626] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, ¾ι.ι> Rci.2, ¾2, Rci.3, ¾i.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i_? Rci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i_? Rci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H and each of R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, ¾ι.ι> Rci.2, and Rb2 is H and each of R_ci.3, Rdi.3, Rci.4, and Rdi.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_ci.i, R_di.i_? R_ci.2, ¾2, R_ci.3, and R_di.3 is CH₃ and each of R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 is H.

[627] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rci.2, and R_ci.3 is H and each of Rdi.i_? Rb2, and Rdi.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i is H, R_di.i is CH₃, and each of R_ci.2, Rb2, R_ci.3, and R_di.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_ci.i is H, R_di.i is CH₃, and each of R_ci.2, Rb2, R_ci.3, and R_di.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H, each of R_di.i and Rb2 is CH₃, and each of R_ci.3 and R_di.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_ci.i and R_ci.₂ is H, each of R_di.i and Rb2 is CH₃, and each of R_ci.3 and R_di.3 is CH₃.

[628] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb2 are H, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are H, and - C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is '^¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb2 are H, R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb2 are CH₃, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- is '^¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_di.2 are CH₃, R_ci.3 and R_di.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- is '^¾ . [629] In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are H, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are H, -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is '^¾ ^\ and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb2 are CH₃, - C(R_ci.₃R_di.3)- is "^- , and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are CH , R_ci.2 and R_b2 are CH₃, -C(R_ci.3R_di.3)- is ^ , and -C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- is ^{'¾ f}Mn some vacations, s H, Rdi.i is CH₃, R_ci.₂ and R_b2 are CH₃, -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)- is ^'¾ ^ , and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- is

. In some variations, R_ci.i is H, R_di.i is CH₃, R_ci.₂ is H, R_b2 is CH₃, -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is ^ , and -C(Rei.₄Rdi.4)- is

[630] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are H, -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^'¾ , -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is

'^¾ ^ , and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- is "^- ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are CH , -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is

' \^¾¾ <*\ -C(R_ci.₃R_di.3)- is " \^¾¾ ^\ and -C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- is ' ¾^¾ ^\ In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi.i

variations, each of -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)-, -C(R_ci.₂R_di.₂)-, -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)-, and -C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- is ^"¾ ^ .

[631] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i_? Rci.2, Rb2, Rci.3, and R_di.3 is H, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is

In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i_? Rci.2, and R_b2, each of R_ci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH₃,

O

and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- is ¾ . In some variations, R_ci.i and R_di.i are H, each of R_ci.2, Rb2, Rci.3,

O

and R_di.3 is CH , and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^'¾ ^ . In some variations, each of Rci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, Rb2,

R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- i

O

[632] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are H, -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is ^\ and

O

-C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- is ^ · In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are H, R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are CH₃, - O O

C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is ^\ and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are CH₃,

0 O

Rci.2 and Rb₂ are CH₃, -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is ^'^- *^" , and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^,¾- In some variations,

. in some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH₃, R_ci.₂ is H, Rdi.₂ is CH₃, -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is O 0

^'¾ ^ , and -C(Rei.₄Rdi.4)- is

0 0

[633] In some variations, Rci.i and Rdi.i are H, -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.₂)- is ^ , -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is ,

0 O and -C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- is^'¾ In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are CH₃, -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^'^- ,

0 O

-C(Rci.3Rdi.3)- is ^,¾- and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^\ In some variations, R_ci.i is H, Rdi.i is CH₃,

0 0 0

-C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is Λ ^\ -C(Rci.3Rdi.3)- isΛ and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- isΛ ^\ In some variations,

O

each of -C(Rci.iRdi.i)-» -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)-, -C(R_cl.₃R_di.3)-, and -C(R_cl.₄R_di.4)- is ^'¾

[634] In some variations -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ , each of R_ci.2, Rdi.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is H, and

-C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- is

, each of R_ci.2, Rdi.2, Rci.3, and Rdi.3 is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^'¾· ^ . In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ each

0

of Rci.2, Rdi.2, Rci.3, and R_di.3 is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- is ^,¾· ^ . [635] In some variations, each of -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.₂)- is '^- each of R_ci.3 and

0

Rdi.3 is H, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^ . In some variations, each of -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- and - 7 0

C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ¾ '^¾ , each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is Λ ^ . In some variations, each of -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is '^¾ ^ , R_ci.3 is H, Rdi.3 is CH₃, and -

[636] In some variations, each of -C(R_ci.iRdi.iK -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2K -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- is '^¾ and

0

-C(R_cl.₄R_di.4)- is 7 0

[637] In some variations, -C(Rci.iRdi.i)- is , -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is each of R_ci.₃ and

Rdi.3 is H, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^ . In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ ,

0 0

-C(R_ci.2Rdi.2)- is ^\ each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.3 is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ⁱ . In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'¾ ^ , -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^\ each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is CH₃, and

0 w 0

-C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- is In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ^<* -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is \

0

each of R_ci.₃ and Rdi.₃ is H, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is Λ

[638] In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ \ -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is *\ -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)- is '^¾ and -C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- is ^'¾ O 0

[639] In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'^- ^', -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^'^- , each of R_ci.3 and

0 O

Rdi.3 is H, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^'¾· ^\ In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'¾ ^\ -

C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^,¾· ^\ each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃, and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- is ^\ In some

0 0

variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.₂)- is ^\ each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is CH₃, an

0 0 0

-C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- is In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^

0

each of R_ci.3 and Rdi.3 is H, and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- is ^'¾· ^ .

O 0

[640] In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is A> -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- isA -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)- is O O

^'¾ ^ , and -C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- is ^'¾·

[641] In some variations, each of R_ci.i, Rdi.i, Rci.2, and Rdi.2 is H, and -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- and

V V

-C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are . In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are H, R_ci.₂ and Rdi.2 are

V V

CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₃R_di.3)- and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- together are . In some variations, R_ci.i and

R_ci.₂ are H, Rdi.i and Rdi.2 are CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₃R_di.3)- and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- together are .

[642] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are H, -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is '^¾ and -C(R_ci.₃R_di.3)- and

-C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are ^<· .. IInn ssoommee vvaarriiaattiioonnss,, --CC((RR_ccii..iiRRddii..ii))-- iiss ''^¾¾ ,, RR_ccii..22 aanndd RRbb2 are CH₃, and -C(R_ci.₃R_di.3)- and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- together are ^<· . In some variations, R_ci.i is

H, Rdi.i is CH₃, -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is '^¾ ^ , and -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)- and -C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- together are O

[643] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i are H, -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- is ^\ and -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- and

0

-C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- together are . In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is ^'¾ R_ci.₂ and R b| 2 are CH₃, and -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- together are . In some variations, R_ci.i is

0

H, Rdi.i is CH₃, -C(Rd.₂Rdi.2)- is and -C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)- and -C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- together are

O 0

[644] In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are ^'¾· and -C(R_ci.3Rdi. 3)-

0

and -C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are ^<· . In some variations, v ^'^- R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are '^¾ ^ ,

V V

and -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- and -C(R_ci.4Rdi.4)- together are ' ^<- . In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- O O

is '^¾· r _{5 cl 2} and R_b2 are '^¾· and -C(R_ci.₃R_di.3)- and -C(R_ci.₄R_di.4)- together are \

[645] In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- is '^¾ R_ci.₂ and Rb₂ are '^¾ and -C(R_ci.3Rdi.3)- and -C(Rci.4Rdi.4)- together are " ^<■ .

[646] In some variations, -C(R_ci.iRdi.i)- and -C(R_ci.₂Rdi.2)- together are ' ^«· ^<· and - C(R_ci.₃Rdi.3)- and -C(R_ci.₄Rdi.4)- together are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and five Ui are -C(R_ciR_di)-

[647] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and five Ui are -C(RciRdi)-, five instances of R_ci and Rdi are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and R_ci.s and Rdi.5, respectively.

[648] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are as defined above, and each of R_ci.s and R_di.5 is H. [649] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i', Rci.2 and Rdi.2^', Rei.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and R_di.₄ are as defined above, and each of R_ci.s and Rdi.5 is CH₃.

[650] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are as defined above, R_ci.s is H and R_di.s is CH₃.

[651] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rei.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and R_di.4 are as defined above, and -C(R_ci.sRdi.5)- is '^¾ .

[652] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4 are as

O

defined above, and -C(R_ci.sRdi.s)- is ^{'¾ f}~ ·

[653] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3 are as defined above, and -C(R_ci.₅Rdi.s)- and -C(R_ci.₅Rdi.s)- together are ^ .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and 01 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and six Ui are -C(R_ciRdi)-

[654] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which 01 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and six Ui are -C(RciRdi)-, six instances of R_ci and Rdi are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5 and Rdi.s, and R_ci.₆ and Rdi.6, respectively.

[655] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and Rci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, and each of R_ci.6 and Rdi.6 is H.

[656] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and R_ci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, and each of R_ci.₆ and Rdi.6 is CH₃.

[657] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; R_ci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and Rci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, R_ci.6 is H, and Rdi.6 is CH₃.

[658] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i', Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4^', and

Rci.5 and R_di.s are as defined above, and -C(R_ci.6Rdi.6)- is - ^'¾^¾ ^ · [659] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.₂; R_ci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; and

0

R_ci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, and -C(R_ci.6Rdi.6)- is ^ .

[660] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; R_ci.2 and Rdi.₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4 are as defined above, and -C(R_ci.sRdi.5)- and -C(R_ci.6Rdi.6)- together are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and seven Ui are -C(R_ciRdi)-

[661] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and seven Ui are -C(R_ciRdi)-, seven instances of R_ci and Rdi are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.₂; Rci.₃ and R_di.₃; Rci.4 and R_di.4; Rci.5 and R_di.s, Rci.6 and R_di.6, and R_ci.₇ and R_di.₇, respectively.

[662] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.₃; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; Rci.5 and Rdi.5; and R_ci.6 and Rdi.6, are as defined above, and each of R_ci.₇ and Rdi.7 is H.

[663] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5 and Rdi.5; and R_ci.6 and Rdi.6, are as defined above, and each of R_ci.₇ and Rdi.7 is CH₃.

[664] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5 and Rdi.5; and R_ci.6 and Rdi.6, are as defined above, R_ci.₇ is H, and Rdi.7 is CH₃.

[665] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; R_ci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5 and Rdi.5; and R_ci.6 and Rdi.6, are as defined above, and -C(R_ci.₇Rdi.7)- is

.

[666] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5

O

and Rdi.5; and R_ci.6 and Rdi.6, are as defined above, and -C(R_ci.7Rdi.7)- is ^'^- .

[667] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4_; and R_ci.5 and Rdi.5 are as defined above, and -C(R_ci.₆R_di.6)- and -C(R_ci.₇R_di.7)- together are ^«· .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1 and oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and eight Ui are -C(R_ciRdi)-

[668] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and eight Ui are

-C(RciRdi)-, eight instances of R_ci and Rdi. are indicated as R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3

[669] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5 and Rdi.5; Rci.6 and Rdi.6; and R_ci.7 and Rdi.7 are as defined above, and each of R_ci.s and Rdi.8 is H.

[670] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5 and Rdi.5; Rci.6 and Rdi.6; and R_ci.7 and Rdi.7 are as defined above, and each of R_ci.s and Rdi.8 is

CH₃.

[671] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.₂; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5 and Rdi.5; Rci.6 and Rdi.6; and R_ci.7 and Rdi.7 are as defined above, R_ci.s is H, and Rdi.8 is CH₃.

[672] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5 and Rdi.5; Rci.6 and Rdi.6; and R_ci.7 and Rdi.7 are as defined above, and -C(R_ci.8Rdi.8)- is

[673] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; Rci.4 and Rdi.4; R_ci.5

O

and Rdi.5; Rci.6 and Rdi.6; and R_ci.7 and Rdi.7 are as defined above, and -C(Rci.sRdi.8)- is ^,¾-

[674] In some variations, R_ci.i and Rdi.i; Rci.2 and Rdi.2; Rci.3 and Rdi.3; and R_ci.4 and Rdi.4_; R_ci.5 and Rdi.s_; and R_ci.6 and Rdi.6 are as defined above, and -C(Rci.7Rdi.7)- ^and -C(R_ci.8Rdi.8)- together are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 1, and U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-

[675] In some variations, R_c2 and Rd2 are both H. In some variations, R_c2 is H and Rd2 is CH₃.

In some variations, R_c2 and Rd2 are both CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_c2Rd2)- is '^¾ . In some

O

variations, -C(R_c2Rd2)- is ^,¾- ^\

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 2, and each U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)- [676] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above in which oi is 2, the two instances of R_c2 and Rd₂ are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd₂.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.2, respectively.

[677] In some variations, each of R_c2.i and Rd₂.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.2 is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and Rd2.i and R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, R_C2.2, and Rd2.i is H and Rd2.₂ is CH₃.

[678] In some variations, each of R_c2.i and Rd2.i is H and -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is '^¾ . In some

0

variations, each of R_c2.i and Rd2.i is H and -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^\ In some variations, each of

R_c2.i and Rd2.i is CH₃ and -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is '^¾ . In some variations, each of R_c2.i and Rd2.i is

0

CH₃ and -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.₂)- is

some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, and -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i is

O

H, Rd2.i is CH₃, and -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is ^\ In some variations, two of -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- are ' ^«· '^•. In some variations, -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is ^'^- and -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is ^'^- ■ In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is "^- ^ , and -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^\ In some variations, - O 0

C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾· and -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.₂)- is -

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, o₂ is 3, and each U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd₂)-

[679] In variations, of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 3, the three instances of R_c and R_d are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd₂.i; R_C2.2 and Rd2.2i and R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃, respectively.

[680] In some variations, each of R_c2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of

Rc2.i, dii, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, each of

Rc2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH₃ and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.₃ is H. In some variations, R_c2.i is H and each of R_c2.₂, R_c2.3_, Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd₂.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of R_c2.3, Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rc2.2, and Rc2.3 is H and each of Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃.

[681] In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and -C(R_c2.3Rd2.3)- is ^'¾ .

In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH₃ and -C(R_c2.3Rd2.3)- is ^'¾ . In some variations, R_c2.i is H and each of R_C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- is '^¾ . In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and -

C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- IS ^

0

[682] In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is H and -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- is ^ .

0

In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2, is CH₃ and -C(R_c2.3Rd2.3)- is ^'^- . In

O

some variations, R_c2.i is H and each of R_C2.2, Rd2.i, and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- is ^f" . In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H and each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and - O

C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- IS

[683] In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is '^¾ ^ , -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is '^¾ ^ , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is '^¾ , -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is '^¾ , and each of R_c2.3 and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾ ^ -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.2)- is ^ R_C2.3 is H, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is

-C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is '^¾ -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is '^¾ and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is '^¾ , -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^ , Rc2.3 is H, and R_d2.₃ is CH₃. 0

[684] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is '^¾ -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is ^' ? and each of R_c2.₃

7 O

and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾^¾ -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is Λ ^'¾ ^\ and each of

7 O

R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is ¾ '^¾¾ ^\ -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is Λ ^,¾- ^f\ R_C2.3

7 O is H, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is > ^'¾^¾ -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is Λ ^\ and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is '^¾ -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^,¾- ^\ and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is '^¾ , -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is

O

^'¾ ^ , Rc2.3 is H, and R_d2.₃ is CH₃

O 0

[685] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is and each of R_c2.₃ and

0 O

Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is ^f\ -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^f\ and each of R_c2.₃

O O

and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'^- ^f\ -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is ^\ R_C2.3 is H,

O O

and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is ^\ -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is and each of

O O

R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'^- ^f\ -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is ^'^- ^\ and

0

each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is ^\ -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is

O

^¾ ^ , Rc2.3 is H, and R_d2.₃ is CH₃.

[686] In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- together are ' <· *· , and each of

R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- together are , and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- together are % R_c2.₃ is H, and Rd₂.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- together are " ^«· % and -C(R_c2.₃Rd₂.₃)- is '^- In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- and -

0

C(R_C2.₂Rd2.2)- together are _and -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- is ½ A

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 4, and each U₂ is -C(R_C2Rd2)-

[687] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 4, the four instances of R_c2 and Rd2 are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R_c2.4 and Rd2.4, respectively.

[688] In some variations, each of R_c2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, ¾2.3, Rc2.4, and R_d2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rd2.i, Rc2.2, Rd2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H and each of R_c2.4 and Rd2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, and Rd2.2 is H and each of R_C2.₃, Rd2.3, Rc2.4, and Rd2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R_C2.i, ¾2.i, Rc2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH₃ and each

[689] In some variations, each of R_C2.i, Rc2.2, and R_c2.₃ is H and each of Rd2.i, Rd2.2, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, and each of R_C2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, and each of R_C2.2, ¾2.2, Rc2.3, and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H, each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and each of R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ is H, each of Rd2.i and Rd2.2 is CH₃, and each of R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ is CH₃.

[690] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are H, and - C(R_C2.4Rd2.4)- is '^¾ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are H, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_C2.4Rd2.4)- is '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and ¾2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is '^¾ . In some variations, R_c2.i and ¾2.i are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is '^¾ . [691] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are H, -C(R_c2.3Rd₂.3)- is "^¾ ^ , and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 are '^¾ ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are CH₃, -C(R_c2.3Rd2.3)- is "^- , and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is '^¾ <^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.2 are CH₃, -C(R_c2.3Rd₂.3)- is '^¾ , and -C(R_c2.4Rd₂.4)- is '^¾ . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, R_d2.i is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are CH₃, -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- is ^'¾ ^ , and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is '^¾ ^ · In some variations, R_c2.i is H, R_d2.i is CH₃, Rc₂.₂ is H, R_d2.2 is CH₃, -C(R_c2.3Rd2.3)- is -¾· -, and -C(¾2.₄Rd2.4)- is '^¾

[692] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is '^¾ , -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- is '^¾ ^ , and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is '^¾ . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are ' ¾^¾ ^ , -C(R_c2.3Rd2.3)- is ' ¾^¾ , and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is "^¾ /^■ . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, R_d2.i is CH₃, C(Re2.₂Rd2.2)- is ^ -C(R_C2.₃Rd2.3)- is ^ and -C(Re2.₄Rd2.4)- is In some variations, -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is ¾ '^¾ , R_C2.2 and Rd2.2 are \ '^¾¾ -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- is \ '^¾¾, and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is

[693] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are H, R_c2.₃ and R_d2.3 are H, and - O

C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are H, R_c2.3 and

0

Rd2.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_C2.4Rd2.4)- is ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i are H, R_c2.₂ and

0

Rd2.2 are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.4Rd₂.4)- is ^,¾- ^ . In some variations, R_c2.i and

0

Rd2.i are CH₃, R_c2.₂ and Rd₂.₂ are CH₃, R_c2.₃ and Rd₂.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is ^{' f}~ .

0 O

-C(R_c2.3Rd2.3)- is ^'¾· ^ , and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is ^'¾ In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are CH₃,

R_c2.₂ and R_d2.₂ are CH₃, -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3> is

In some variations,

O

R_c2.i is H, R_d2.i is CH₃, R_c2.₂ and R_d2.2 are CH₃, -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- is ^'¾· ^<* and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is O 0

^,¾- ^f \ In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃, Rc₂.₂ is H, Rd2.2 is CH₃, -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- is ^

O

, and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is ^'¾·

[695]

O 0 and -C(R_C2.4Rd2.4)- is ^'^- ^\ In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.2 are CH₃, -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^f\

0 O

-C(R_c2.3Rd2.3)- is ^,¾- ^\ and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is In some variations, R_c2.i is H, Rd2.i is CH₃,

0 0 0

-C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is A ^'¾ t -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- is ^'¾ t and -C(R_C2.4Rd2.4)- is ¾ ^'¾A In some variations,

0 0 0

-C(Rc2.iRd2.i)- s J ^'¾·b Rc2.2 and R_d2.₂ are J ^'¾U -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- is J ^'¾b and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is O

[696] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is '^¾ , R_C2.2 and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.3 and Rd₂.3 are H,

⁰

and -C(R_c2.4Rd₂.4)- is A ^'¾· In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾¾ , R_C2.2 and Rd2.2 are CH₃ R_c2.3 and R_{d2 3} are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is

O

R_c2.₂ and R_d2.i are H, R_c2.₃ and R_{d2 3} are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.4Rd₂.4)- is ^'¾ ^ ·

[697] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^ , -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.2)- is '^¾ ^ , R_C2.3 and R_d2.₃ are H, and R_c2.4 and R_d2.₄ are ^ \ In some variations, -C(R_c2.iR_d2.i)- is ^'Y ^ . -C(R_c2.₂Rd₂.₂)- is ' <*\ R_c2.3 and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.4R_d2.4)- is ^'¾ ^\ In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is

In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾ \ -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.2)- is ^'¾ R_C2.3 and R_d2.₃ are H, and

0

-C(R_c2.₄Rd2.4)- is

[698] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is

-C(R_c2.2Rd2.2)- is -C(R_c2.3Rd2.3)- is

^ , and -C(Rc2.4Rd2.4)- is

V7 0

[699] In some variatio -C(R_C2.iRd2.i> is ^ , -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.₂)- is ^ , R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are

H, and -C(R_c2.4R_d2.4)- is

-C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is O O

'¾· <*\ R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is ^"¾ <*\ In some variations, -C(R_c2.iR_d2.i)- is

O 0

^ , -C(Rc2.₂R_d2.2)- is ^'¾ Rc2.3 and R_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.₄Rd2.4)- is In some

7 0

variations, -C(R_C2.iR_d2.i)- is \ -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.₂)- is ^'¾· R_c2.₃ and R_d2.₃ are H, and

o

C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- \^A/-_. 0

[700] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is -C(R_C2.₂Rd2.2)- is -C(R_C2.₃Rd2.3)- is w 0

^ , and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is ^'¾·

O 0

[701] In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is ^{' f}\ -C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is ^{' f}\ R_C2.3 and Rd2.₃ are H,

O O O

and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- is ^'¾ In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^{'¾ f}\ -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.2)- is ^{'¾ f}\

O O

R_c2.₃ and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_C2.4Rd2.4)- is ^,¾- ^\ In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is

O O

-C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is ^\ R_C2.3 and Rd2.3 are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is ^\ In some variations,

O O

-C(Re2.iRd2.i)- is -C(R_C2.₂Rd2.2)- is R_c2.3 and R_d2.3 are H, and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- is

O O

[702] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iR_d2.i)- is ^'¾· <\ -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.2)- is ^'¾· -C(R_c2.₃R_d2.3)- is O O

^'¾ ^ , and -C(Rc2.₄Rd2.4)- is

[703] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are H, and -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- together are . In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.2 are H, R_c2.₂ and Rd2.i are

CH₃, and -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.₃)- and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- together are ' ^<- . In some variations, R_c2.i and R_c2.₂ are H, R_d2.2 and R_d2.i are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.₃R_d2.₃)- and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- together are 'τ- ^x .

[704] In some variations, R_c2.i and R_d2.2 are H, -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is '^¾ ^ , and -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- and

-C(R_C2.4Rd2.4)- together are \ In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are '^¾ ^ , R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2

V V

are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.₃)- and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- together are ' *· . In some variations, R_c2.i is H, R_d2.i is CH₃, -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.₂)- is '^¾ <*\ and -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- together are

O

[705] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.₂ are H, -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- is ^\ and -C(R_C2.₃Rd2.3)- and

O

-C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- together are ' ^«· . In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾ R_C2.2 and Rd2.i

V V

are CH₃, and -C(R_c2.₃R_d2.₃)- and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- together are ' <^■ . In some variations, R_c2.i is

H, Rd2.2 is CH₃, -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.2)- is

O 0

[706] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iR_d2.i)- is ^'¾· -C(R_c2.₂R_d2.2)- is ^'¾· and -C(R_c2.₃R_d2.3)-

0

and -C(R_C2.4Rd2.4)- together are . In some variations, -C(R_C2.iRd2.i)- is ^'¾

-C(R_C2.2Rd2.2)- is '^¾ ^\ and -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- and -C(R_C2.4Rd2.4)- together are "^¾ In some

0 O

variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i are ^'¾· R_c2.₂ and Rd2.2 are ^'¾· and -C(R_C2.3Rd2.3)- and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- together are ^¾ .

[707] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- is "^¾ ^ , -C(R_C2.₂Rd2.2)- is "^¾ ^ , and -C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- and -C(R_c2.4Rd2.4)- together are " ^<· .

[708] In some variations, -C(R_c2.iRd2.i)- and -C(R_c2.₂Rd2.2)- together are and

-C(R_c2.₃Rd2.3)- and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- together are ^ .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 5, and each U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)- [709] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which o_t is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and five U₂ are -C(R_c2Rd2)-, five instances of R_c2 and Rd₂ are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd₂.i; Rc2.2 and Rd₂.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; and R_c2.s and Rd2.5, respectively.

[710] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd₂.₂; Rc2.3 and Rd₂.3i Rc2.4 and R_d2.4 are as defined above, and each of R_c2.s and R_d2.s is H.

[711] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and R_d2.4 are as defined above, and each of R_c2.s and Rd2.5 is CH .

[712] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd₂.₂; Rc2.3 and Rd₂.₃; Rc2.4 and R_d2.4 are as defined above, R_c2.s is H and Rd₂.s is CH₃.

[713] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4 are as defined above, and -C(R_c2.sRd2.5)- i.

[714] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i', Rc2.2 and Rd2.2^', Rc2.3 and Rd2.3^', Rc2.4 and R_d2.4 are as

O

defined above, and -C(R_c2.sRd2.5)- is ^,¾- ^f .

[715] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd₂.2; Rc2.3 and R_d2.3 are as defined above, and -C(R_c2.₄R_d2.4)- and -C(R_c2.₅R_d2.5)- together are ^V

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, ø? is 6, and each U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd₂)-

[716] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and six U₂ are -C(R_c2R_d2)-, six instances of R_c2 and R_d2 are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd₂.i; R_C2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and R_d2.3; Rc2.4 and R_d2.4; Rc2.5 and R_d2.s, and R_c2.₆ and R_d2.6, respectively.

[717] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; and R_c2.5 and R_d2.s are as defined above, and each of R_c2.6 and Rd₂.6 is H.

[718] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i; R_C2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd₂.4i and R_c2.5 and R_d2.s are as defined above, and each of R_c2.6 and R_d2.₆ is CH₃.

[719] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i; R_C2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; and

R_c2.5 and R_d2.s are as defined above, R_c2.6 is H, and Rd₂.6 is CH₃. [720] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd₂.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i and

R_C2.s and Rd2.5 are as defined above, and -C(R_C2.6Rd2.6)- is

.

[721] In some variations, R_C2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; and

0

R_c2.s and Rd2.5 are as defined above, and -C(R_C2.6Rd2.6)- is ^ .

[722] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd₂.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R_c2.4 and Rd₂.4 are as defined above, and -C(R_c2.5Rd2.s)- and -C(R_C2.6Rd2.6)- together are 'τ- τ- .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 7, and each U2 is -C(R_C2Rd2)-

[723] In variations of formulae (If)-(If-63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and seven U2 are -C(R_C2Rd2)-, seven instances of R_C2 and Rd2 are indicated as R_C2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; R_c2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd₂.4; Rc2.s and Rd2.5, Rc2.6 and Rd₂.6. and R_c2.₇ and Rd₂.7, respectively.

[724] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.s and Rd2.5i and R_C2.6 and Rd2.6, are as defined above, and each of R_C2.7 and Rd2.7 is H.

[725] In some variations, R_C2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; Rc2.s and Rd2.s; and R_c2.₆ and R_d2.6, are as defined above, and each of R_C2.₇ and R_d2.7 is CH₃.

[726] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd₂.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd₂.4i Rc2.s and Rd2.5i and R_C2.6 and Rd2.6, are as defined above, R_C2.7 is H, and Rd2.7 is CH₃.

[727] In some variations, R_C2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; Rc2.5 and Rd2.s; and R_c2.₆ and Rd₂.6, are as defined above, and -C(R_C2.7Rd2.7)- is

[728] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd₂.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd₂.4i Rc2.s

O

and Rd2.5i and R_c2.₆ and Rd₂.6, are as defined above, and -C(R_c2.7Rd₂.7)- is ^\

[729] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd₂.i; R_C2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R_c2.₄ and Rd₂.4; and R_c2.s and Rd2.5 are as defined above, and -C(R_C2.6Rd2.6)- and -C(R_C2.7Rd2.7)- together are . Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 1, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, as described above, 02 is 8, and each U₂ is -C(R_c2Rd2)-

[730] In variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and eight U₂ are -C(R_c2Rd2K eight instances of R_c2 and Rd₂ are indicated as R_c2.i and Rd₂.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and R_d2.₃; Rc2.4 and R_d2.4; Rc2.5 and R_d2.s, Rc2.6 and R_d2.e, Rc2.7 and R_d2.7, and R_c2.₈ and R_d2.s, respectively.

[731] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i Rc2.6 and Rd2.6i and R_c2.₇ and Rd2.7 are as defined above, and each of R_c2.8 and Rd2.8 is H.

[732] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i Rc2.6 and Rd2.6i and R_c2.₇ and Rd2.7 are as defined above, and each of R_c2.s and Rd2.8 is

CH₃.

[733] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i Rc2.6 and Rd2.6i and R_c2.₇ and Rd2.7 are as defined above, R_c2.8 is H, and Rd2.8 is CH₃.

[734] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i Rc2.4 and Rd2.4i Rc2.5 and Rd2.5i Rc2.6 and Rd2.6i and R_c2.₇ and Rd2.7 are as defined above, and -C(R_c2.sRd2.8)- is

[735] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2; Rc2.3 and Rd2.3; Rc2.4 and Rd2.4; Rc2.5

O

and Rd2.5i Rc2.6 and Rd2.6i and R_c2.₇ and Rd2.7 are as defined above, and -C(R_c2.sRd2.8)- is ^'¾ ^

[736] In some variations, R_c2.i and Rd2.i; Rc2.2 and Rd2.2i Rc2.3 and Rd2.3i and R_c2.₄ and Rd2.4; R_c2.5 and Rd2.5; and R_c2.6 and Rd2.6 are as defined above, and -C(R_C2.7Rd2.7)- and -C(R_C2.8Rd2.8)- together are <SK

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2

[737] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, the respective instances of U₂ are distinguished in the description below as U₂' and U₂", respectively. When U₂ is -C(R_C2Rd2)-, the two respective instances of -C(R_C2Rd2)- are distinguished in the description below as - C(R'_c2R'd2)- and -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-, respectively. Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 1

[738] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, U₂" -N-.In some of these variations, U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂" is -S-.

[739] In some variations, U₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂" is -N-.In some of these variations, U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂.₂ is -S-.

[740] In some variations, U₂" -0-. In some of these variations, U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, U₂" is -N-.In some of these variations, U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂" is -S-.

[741] In some variations, U₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, U₂" is -N-.In some of these variations, U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, 01 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 2

[742] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-.

[743] In some variations, U₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is

-N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-.

[744] In some variations, U₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-.

[745] In some variations, U₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 3

[746] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-.

In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second

U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -

C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -O- In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-.

[747] In some variations, U₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-.

[748] In some variations, U₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-.

[749] In some variations, U₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second

U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 4

[750] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'd₂)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-.

[751] In some variations, U₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -O- In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-.

[752] In some variations, U₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-.

[753] In some variations, U₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 5

[754] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-.

[755] In some variations, U₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. [756] In some variations, U₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -

C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-.

[757] In some variations, U₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 6

[758] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-.

[759] In some variations, U₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-.

[760] In some variations, U₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-. [761] In some variations, U₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 7

[762] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'd₂)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -S-.

[763] In some variations, U₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -O- In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -S-.

[764] In some variations, U₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -S-.

[765] In some variations, U₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is

-N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a second instance of 02 is 8

[766] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'd₂)-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is

-C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -S-.

[767] In some variations, U₂' is -N-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -O- In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -S-.

[768] In some variations, U₂' -0-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a third U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is - C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -S-.

[769] In some variations, U₂' is -S-. In some of these variations, each of first and second U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, each of a first and second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)- and a second U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -N- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, a first U₂" is -O- and a second U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fourth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a fifth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a sixth U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, a seventh U₂" is -S-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"d₂)-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -N-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -0-. In some of the variations described in this paragraph, an eighth U₂" is -S-.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3

[770] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, the respective instances of U₂ are distinguished in the description below as U₂', U₂", and U₂"', respectively. When U₂ is -C(R_C2Rd2)-, the three respective instances of -C(R_C2Rd2)- are distinguished in the description below as -C(R'_c2R'd2)- , -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-, and -C(R"'_c2R'"d₂)-, respectively.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, and a third 02 is 1.

[771] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'_d2)- and U₂" is -C(R"_c2R"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"d₂)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -S-. [772] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'_d2)- and U₂" -N-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -C(R'"_c2R'"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂'" is -N- In some of these variations, U₂'" is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -S-.

[773] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'_d2)-, U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U₂"' is - 0-. In some of these variations, U₂'" is -S-.

[774] In some variations, U₂' is -C(R'_c2R'd₂)-, U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U₂'" is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -S-.

[775] In some variations, U₂' is -N- and U₂" is -N-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is

-C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U₂'" is - 0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -S-.

[776] In some of these variations, U₂' is -N- and U₂" is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R"'_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -S-.

[777] In some of these variations, U₂' is -N- and U₂" is -S-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -C(R'"_c2R'"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U₂'" is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -S-.

[778] In some of these variations, U₂' is -S- and U₂" -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U₂"' is - 0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -S-.

[779] In some of these variations, U₂' is -O- and U₂" -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -C(R'"_c2R'"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -S-.

[780] In some of these variations, U₂' is -S- and U₂" -S-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -N- In some of these variations, U₂"' is -0-. In some of these variations, U₂"' is -S-. Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 0₂ is 1, and U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"d₂)-

[781] In some variations, each Ui, U₂', and U₂" are as defined above, a third 0₂ is 1, and U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R"'_d2)-. In some of these variations, each of R'"_c2 and R"'_d2 is H. In some of these variations, each of R"'_c2 and R"'_d2 is CH₃. In some of these variations, R"'_c2 is H and R"'_d2 is

CH₃. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)- is "^¾ ^ . In some variations, -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)- is ^'¾ ^

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 0₂ is 2, and each U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"d₂)-

[782] In some variations, each Ui, U₂', and U₂" are as defined above, a third 0₂ is 2, and each U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)- and the two instances of -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)- are distinguished below as -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- and -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.₂)- , respectively.

[783] In some variations in which a third 0₂ is 2, each of R'"_c2.i and R'"d₂.i is H. In some of these variations, each of R'"_c2.2 and R'"d₂.2 is H. In some of these variations, each of R'"_c2.2 and R"'d₂.₂ is CH₃. In some of these variations, R'"_c2.₂ is H and R"'d₂.₂ is CH₃. In some of these

[784] In some variations in which a third 0₂ is 2, each of R'"_C2.i and R"'d₂.i is CH₃. In some of these variations, each of R'"_c2.₂ and R"'_d2.₂ is H. In some of these variations, each of R'"_c2.₂ and R"'d₂.₂ is CH₃. In some of these variations, R'"_c2.₂ is H and R"'d₂.₂ is CH₃. In some of these

7 O variations, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.2)- is In some of these variations, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.2)- is ^'¾

[785] In some variations in which a third 0₂ is 2, each of R'"_c2.i and R"'_d2.i is CH₃. In some of these variations, each of R'"_c2.₂ and R"'_d2.₂ is H. In some of these variations, each of R'"_c2.₂ and R"'d2.2 is CH₃. In some of these variations, R'"_C2.2 is H and R"'d2.2 is CH₃. In some of these

7 O variations, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.2)- is ^' ¾^¾ ^ . In some of these variations, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.2)- is A ^'¾· [786] In some variations in which a third 0₂ is 2, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d₂.i)- is '^¾ . In some of these

7 O variations, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.₂)- is "^¾ ^ . In some of these variations, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.₂)- is

0

[787] In some variations in which a third 02 is 2, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is ^'^- . In some of these

7 O variations, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.₂)- is "^¾ ^ . In some of these variations, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.₂)- is [788] In some variations in which a third o₂ is 2, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- and -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.₂)- are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 0₁ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 0₂ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 0₂ is 3, and each U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"d₂)-

[789] In some variations, each Ui, U₂', and U₂" are as defined above, a third 0₂ is 3, and each U2'" is -C(R" 'c₂R'"d₂)- and the three instances of -C(R"'_c2R'"d2)- are distinguished below as -CiR'"^'"^.!)-, -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'d2.2)- , and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- , respectively.

[790] In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, R"'d2.2, R"'c2.3, and R'"_d2.₃ is H. In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, R"'d2.2, R"'c2.3, and R"'d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R"'d2.2, is H and each of R"'_c2.₃ and R"'d₂.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R"'d₂.₂, is CH₃ and each of R'"_c2.₃ and R'"d₂.₃ is H. In some variations, R'"_c2.i is H and each of R"'_c2.₂, R"'_c2.₃, R'"d₂.i, R"'d2.2, and R"'d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i and R'"_c2.₂ is H and each of R"'_c2._3i R"'d₂.i, R"'d2.2, and R"'d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R'"_C2.i, R"'c2.2, and R'"_C2.3 is H and each of R"'d2.i, R"'d2.2, and R'"_d2.₃ is CH₃.

[791] In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R"'d₂.₂, is H and -

C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is " \^¾¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R'"_d2.2, is CH₃ and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is "^¾ In some variations, R'"_c2.i is H and each of R'"_c2.₂, R'"_d2.i, and R'"_d2.₂ is CH₃, and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is "^¾ ^ . In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i and R'"_c2.₂ is H and each of R'"_d2.i and R'"_d2.2 is CH₃, and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is '^¾ ^ .

[792] In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R"'d2.2, is H and -

O

C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is ^'¾· In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2.i, R"'c2.2, and R'"_d2.2, is

O

CH₃ and -C(R"'_c2.₃R"'d2.3)- is ^'¾· In some variations, R'"_c2.i is H and each of R'"_c2.₂, R'"_d2.i,

O

and R"'d2.2 is CH₃, and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is ^'^- ^\ In some variations, each of R'"_C2.i and

O

R"'_c2.₂ is H and each of R'"_d2.i and R'"_d2.2 is CH₃, and -C(R"'_c2.₃R"'d2.3)- is <\

[793] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ^Λ -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.2)- is ^"¾ \ and each of R'"_c2.3 and R'"_d2.3 is H. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is \ -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.2)- is

" ¾^¾ ^ , and each of R'"_c2.₃ and R'"_d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is " ¾^¾ ^ ,

-C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.2)- is * R"'c2.3 is H, and R'"_d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations,

-C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is *\ -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'d2.2)- is and each of R"'_c2.₃ and R'"d₂.₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is '^¾ -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is '^¾ and each of R'"_c2.₃ and R'"_d2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is R'"_c2.₃ is H, and R'"_d2.₃ is CH₃. 7 0

[794] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ^Λ -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is ^'¾· and each of

R'"_c2.3 and R'"_d2.₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is \ -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is and each of R"'_c2.₃ and R'"_d2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is O

-C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d₂.₂)- is R'"_c2.3 is H, and R'"_d2.3 is CH₃. In some variations, - 7 0

C(R^{f f f}c2.iR^f "d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- is ^'¾ \ and each of R'"_c2.₃ and R"'_d2.₃ is H. In

7 0

some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"_d2.i)- is "^¾ -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is and each of R'"

o and R'"_d2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'_d2.i)- is *\ -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- is ^'¾ ^ R'"_c2.3 is H, and R"'_d2.₃ is CH₃.

O 0

[795] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'_d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- is ^'¾ and each of

O

R'"_c2.3 and R'"_d2.₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"_d2.i)- is '^¾· -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is O 0

and each of R'"_c2.₃ and R"'_d2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'_d2.i)- is ^'¾·

O

-C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is R'"_c2.₃ is H, and R"'_d2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -

O 0

C(R^{f f f}c2.iR^f "d2.i)- is ^'¾· -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- is ^'¾ \ and each of R"'_c2.₃ and R"'_d2.₃ is H. In

O O

some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"_d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is and each of R"'_c2.₃ and

O O

R"'_d2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'_d2.i)- is ^'¾· -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- is ^'

R'"_c2.3 is H, and R"'_d2.₃ is CH₃.

[796] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'_d2.i)- and -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- together are , and each of R'"_c2.3 and R"'_d2.₃ is H. In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'_d2.i)- and -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- together are ' <- , and each of R'"_c2.₃ and R"'_d2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations,

-C(R"'_c2.iR"'_d2.i)- and -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- together are R'"_{c2 3 1S} H, and R"'_d2.₃ is CH₃.

In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"_d2.i)- and -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- together are and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- and -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)-

0

together are and -C(R"'_c2.₃R"'d2.3)- is

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 02 is 4, and each U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)-

[797] In some variations, each Ui, U₂', and U₂" are as defined above, a third 02 is 4, and each U₂'" is -C(R" 'c₂R'"d₂)- and the four instances of -C(R"'_c2R'"d2)- are distinguished below as -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.iK -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.2)- , -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- , and C(R"'_c2.4R"'d2.4)- , respectively.

[798] In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2, R"'c2.2, R"'d2, R"'c2.3, R"'d2.3, R"'c2.4, and R"'d2.4 is H. In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2, R"'c2.2, R"'d2, R"'c2.3, R"'d2.3, R"'c2.4, and R"'d2.4 is CH₃. In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'d2, R"'c2.2, R'"_d2, R"'c2.3, and R'"_d2.₃ is H and each of R'"_c2.₄ and R'"_d2.₄ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R'"_c2.i, R"'_d2, R"'c2.₂, and R"'_d2 is H and each of R"'_c2.₃, R"'_d2._3, R"'c2._4, and R'"_d2.₄ is CH₃. In some variations, each of R"'c2.i, R"'d2, R"'c2.2, R"'d2, R"'c2.3, and R'"_d2.3 is CH₃ and each of R'"_c2.₄ and R"'d2.₄ is H.

[799] In some variations, each of R'"_C2.i, R"'c2.2, and R"'_c2.₃ is H and each of R'"_d2, R"'d2, and R"'_d2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R'"_c2.i is H, R'"_d2 is CH₃, and each of R"'_c2.₂, R"'_d2, R'"_c2._3, and R"'_d2.₃ is CH₃. In some variations, R'"_c2.i is H, R"'_d2 is CH₃, and each of R"'_c2.₂, R"'_d2, R"'c2.3, and R"'d2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R'"_C2.i and R'"_C2.2 is H, each of R"'d2 and R"'d2 is CH₃, and each of R'"_C2.3 and R"'d2.3 is H. In some variations, each of R'"_C2.i and R c2.2 is H, each of R"'_d2 and R"'_d2 is CH₃, and each of R'"_c2.₃ and R'"_d2.₃ is CH₃.

[800] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R"'_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₂ and R"'_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₃ and R'"_d2.₃ are H, and -C(R"'c₂.₄R'"d2.4)- is '^¾ In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₂ and

R"'d2 are H, R'"_c2.₃ and R'"_d2.3 are CH₃, and -C(R"'c₂.₄R'"d2.4)- is ^"¾ ^ . In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R"'_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₂ and R"'_d2 are CH₃, R'"_c2.₃ and R"'_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -

C(R"'_c2.₄R'"_d2.₄)- is '^¾ In some variations, R'"_c2.i and "'_d2 are CH₃, R'"_c2.₂ and R"'_d2 are

CH₃, R'"_c2.3 and R"'_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R"'e₂.₄R'"_d2.4)- is

. [801] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R"'_d2 are H, R"'_c2.₂ and R'"_d2 are H, -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is

"^¾ ^ , and R"'c2.4 and R'"_d2.4 are "^¾ ^ . In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₂ and

R"'_d2 are CH₃, -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is '^¾ and -C(R"'c₂.₄R"'_d2.4)- s ^'¾ In some variations,

R"'_c2.i and R"'_d2 are CH₃, R'"_{c2 2} and R"'_d2 are CH₃, -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d₂.3)- is ^'¾ and -

C(R"'_c2.₄R'"_d2.4)- is In some variations, R'"_c2.i is H, R"'_d2 is CH₃, R'"_c2.₂ and R"'_d2 are

CH₃, -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is ^ , and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- is "^¾ ^ . In some variations, R"'_c2.i is "'_d2 is CH₃, R'"_c2.₂ is H, R'"_d2 is CH₃, -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is ^"¾ ^ , and -C(R'"e₂.4R'"d2.4)-

[802] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2.i are H, -C(R'"_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is ^"¾ ^ , -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"_d2.₃)- is ^ and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- is "^¾ In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R"'_d2.i are CH₃, R'"_c2.₂ and R'"_d2.₂ are -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is ^ and

-C(R"'c₂.₄R'"d2.4)- is ^ . In some variations, R'"_c2.i is H, R'"_d2.i is CH₃, C(R"'c₂.₂R'"_d2.2)- is ¾ -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is ¾ * and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d₂.₄)- is ' ¾^¾ In some variations,

-C(R"'c2_*'"iii2)- is ^■/ · R'"c2.2 and R'"_d2.2 are · ¥¾^■ /^■ , -C(R^,"_l2.₃R'"d2.3)- is

, and -C(R'"e₂.₄R'"_d2.4)- is

[803] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R"'_d2 are H, R'"_{c2 2} and R'"_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₃ and R'"_d2.₃

O

are H, and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"_d2.₄)- is ^'¾· In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R"'_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₂ and

O

R"'_d2 are H, R'"_{c2 3} and R'"_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R'"c₂.₄R"'_d2.4)- is ^ . In some vanations, R"'_c2.i and R"'_d2 are H, R"'_c2.₂ and R"'_d2 are CH₃, R"'_c2.₃ and R"'_d2.₃ are CH₃, and O

-C(R"'e₂.₄R'"d2.4)- is ¾ In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2 are CH₃, R'"_c2.₂ and R'"_d2 are

CH₃, R"'_c2.₃ and R'"_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R'"c₂.4R'"d2.4)

[804] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₂ and R"'_d2 are H, -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is

O O

¾_· and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"_d2.4)- is ¾· In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R"'_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₂ and

0 O

R"'_d2 are CH₃, -C(R^f "c2jR'"d2j)- is JO and -C(R"'c₂.₄R'"d₂.4)- is In some variations,

O

R"' and R"'_d2 are CH₃, R'"_c2.₂ and R"'_d2 are CH₃, -C(R^{f f f}c2jR^f "di3)- is ^¾ and

In some variations, R'"_c2.i is H, R"'_d2 is CH₃, R'"_c2.₂ and R'"_d2 are

O 0

CH₃, -C(R"'c₂.₃R'"d2.3)- is JO and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- is Λ ^'¾· In some variations, R c2.i is

O

H, R"'_d2 is CH₃, R'"_c2.₂ is H, R"'_d2 is CH₃, -C(R'"_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- is J ^'¾·O and -C(R'"c₂.₄R'"d2.4)-

0

[805] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2 are H, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is

O O

-C(R'"_c2.₃R'"_d2.₃)- is J and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- is O In some variations, R"'_c2.i and

O O

R"'_d2 are CH₃, -C(R"'_C2.2R'"d2.2)- is O -C(R"'e₂.₃R'"d2.3)- is Λ and -C(R"'c₂.₄R'"d₂.4)-

O O

is J ¾O In some variations, R"'_c2.i is H, R"'_d2 is CH₃, -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- is \ ^'¾ J

O O

-C(R"'_C2.₃R'"d2.3)- is and -C(R"'c₂.₄R'"d₂.4)- is In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i

O

-C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- is ¾

[806] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is R'"_c2.₂ and R"'_d2 are H, R'"_c2.₃ and

R'"_d2.₃ are H, and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d₂.4)- is In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is "^¾ \

0

R"'_c2.₂ and R'"_d2 are CH₃, R'"_c2.3 and R'"_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R"'c₂.₄R'"d2.4)- is In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is ^ , R'"c₂.2 and R"'_d2 are H, R"'_c2.₃ and R"'_d2.3 are CH₃, and

O

-C(R"'_c2.₄R'"_d2.4)- is ¾

[807] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'_d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- is

R'"_c2.₃ and

R"'d2.3 are H, and R'"_c2.₄ and R'"_d2.₄ are ^'¾ In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is '^¾

7 O

-C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.2)- is R"'c2.3 and R"'_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R'"_c2.₄R'"_d2.₄)- is ^' Λ ΐη some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.2)- is R'"_C2.3 and R"'_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R"'_c2.₄R"'_d2.₄)- is ^'¾ In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'_d2.i)- is "^¾

-C(R'"_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is -¾· \ R'"_c2.3 and R"'_d2.₃ are H, and -C(R'"_c2.₄R'"_d2.₄)- is ¾

[808] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.2)- is

7 0

-C(R"'_c2.₃R"'d2.3)- is ^ , and -C(R'"_c2.₄R'"_d2. )- is ^¾ 0

[809] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is -C(R"'c₂.₂R'"_d2.2)- is R' c2.3

⁰ 7 '_d2.3 are H, and -C(R"'_c2.4R'"_d2.4)- is In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ^'¾ ^

7 0

lome variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- is ^'¾ R"'_c2.₃ and R"'_d2.₃ are

⁰ Γ7

CH₃, and -C(R"'c₂.₄R'"d2.4)- is In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is '^¾

O O

-C(R"'_c2.₂R"'_d2.₂)- is \ R'"_c2.3 and R"'_d2.₃ are H, and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d₂.4)- is ¾

[810]

7 0

-C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.₃)- is ^ , and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d₂.4)- is ¾·

O 0

[811] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is Y, R'",.₂.₃ and

O 0 R'"_d2.3 are H, and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d₂.4)- is In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is

O O

-C(R'"_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is ¾ % R'"_c2.3 and R'"_d2.₃ are CH₃, and -C(R'"_c2.₄R'"_d2.₄)- is ¾ In

O O

some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is ^'¾· -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.2)- is ^'¾· R'"c₂.3 and R'"_d2.₃ are

0 O

CH₃, and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"_d2. )- is ^'¾· In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is

O O

-C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d2.2)- is ¾ <*\ R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.₃ are H, and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d₂. )- is ¾

O 0

[812] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is ^'¾

O 0

-C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.₃)- is ¾ ^, and -C(R'"_c2.₄R'"_d2. )- is [813] In some variations, R'"_C2.i and R'"_d2.i are H, R'"_c2.₂ and R"'d₂.₂ are H, and

-C(R'"c₂.3R'"_d2.₃)- and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- together are ' ^¾. i_{n som}e variations, R"'_c2.i and R"'_d2 arc H, R"'_c2.₂ and R"'_d2 are C¾, and -C(R'"_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R" 'e₂.₄R'"d2.4)- together are In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R"'_c2.₂ are H, R'"_d2 and R'"_d2 are CH₃, and

-C(R'"c2.3R'"d2j)- and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- together are

[814] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2 are H, -C(R"'c₂.₂R'"d₂.₂)- is '^¾ ^ , and -C(R"'c₂.₃R'"_d2.3)- and -C(R^{, , ,} _C2.4R'"d2.4)- together are In some variations, R'"_c2.i and

R"'d2 are "¾· R'"_c2.₂ and R'"_d2 are CH₃, and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"'c₂.4R'"d2.4)- together are In some variations, R"'_c2.i is H, R'"_d2 is CH₃, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d₂.₂)- is and -C(R"'c₂.₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"'_C2.4R'"d2.4)- together are

0

[815] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2 are H, -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is ^'¾ and

-C(R"'c2.3R'"d2j)- and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"_d2.₄)- together are In some variations,

O

-C(R"'c2.iR"'d2.i)- is R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2 are CH₃, and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- and

-C(R'"_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- together are ¼^" In some variations, R"'_c2.i is H, R'"_d2 is CH₃,

O

-C(R'"e₂.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is and -C(R"'_c2.₃R"'d2.3)- and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d₂. )- together are

O 0

[816] In some variations, -C(R"'c₂.iR"'d2.i)- is ^'¾ -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d₂.₂)- is ^'¾· and

-C(R"'c2.3R'"d2j)- and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"_d2.₄)- together are ¾^¾ . i_{n som}e variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR'"d2.i)- is ¾ -C(R'"e₂.₂R'"_d2.₂)- is \ and -C(R'"_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- and 0

-C(R"'c₂.₄R'"d2.4)- together are In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2 are R'"_c2.₂

0

and R"'_d2 are ½ and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- together are

[817] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- is ¾ -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.2)- is ¾ and -C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.₃)- and -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d₂.4)- together are

[818] In some variations, -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.i)- and -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"_d2.₂)- together are , and

-C(R"'_c2.₃R'"d2.3)- and -C(R"'e₂.₄R'"d2.4)- together are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 02 is 5, and each U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"d₂)-

[819] In some variations, each Ui, U₂', and U₂" are as defined above, a third 02 is 5, and each U₂'" is -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)- and the five instances of -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)- are distinguished below as -C(R"'_c2.iR"'d2.iK -C(R"'_c2.₂R'"d₂.₂)- , -C(R"'_c2.₃R"'d₂.₃)- , -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d₂.₄)- , and

-C(R"'c₂.₅R'"d2.5)- , respectively.

[820] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"d2.₃; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, and each of R'"_c2.5 and R"'d₂.5 is H.

[821] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"d2.₃; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, and each of R'"_c2.5 and R'"d₂.s is CH₃.

[822] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, R'"_C2.5 is H and R"'d2.5 is CH₃.

[823] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, and -C(R" '_c2.5RR"' "'dd₂2..5.s))- is ½

[824] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4

O

and R"'d2.4 are as defined above, and -C(R"'_c2.₅R'"d₂.5)- is [825] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R'"c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R'"e2.3 and R'"_d2.3 are as defined above, and -C(R"'_c2.₅R'"d2.5)- and -C(R"'_c2.₅R'"d2.5)- together are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 02 is 6, and each U₂"' is -C(R'"_c2R'"d₂)-

[826] In some variations, each Ui, I , and U₂" are as defined above, a third 02 is 6, and each IV" is -C(R'"_c2R^,"d2)- and the six instances of -C(R'"_C2R'"d2)- are distinguished below as

-C(R"'c2.lR'"d2.lK -C(R'"c2.2R"'d2.2)- , -C(R"'c23R"'d23)- · -C(R"'_c2.₄R'"d2.4)- ,

-C(R'"e₂.₅R'"d2.5)-, and -C(R'"_C2.6R'"d2.6)- , respectively.

[827] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R'"c2.2 and R"'_d2.2; R'"c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R'"d2.4; and R'"_c2.5 and R'"d2.s are as defined above, and each of R'"_c2.6 and R"'d₂.6 is H.

[828] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R'"c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R'"c2.3 and R'"_d2.₃; R"'c2.4 and R'"d2.4; and R'"_C2.5 and R'"d2.s are as defined above, and each of R'"_C2.6 and R"'d2.6 is CH3.

[829] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R'"_{c2 2} and R'"_d2.2; R'"c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R'"c2.4 and R'"d2.4; and R'"_c2.5 and R'"d₂.5 are as defined above, R'"_C2.6 is H, and R"'d₂.6 is CH₃.

[830] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R'"_{c2 2} and R'"_d2.₂; R'"_c2.3 and R'"d₂.₃; R"'c2.4 and R'"_d2.4; and R'"_c2.₅ and R'"_d2.s are as defined above, and -C(R'"_c2.₆R"' dd22..fi6 ))- is ^

[831] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R'"_c2.₂ and R'"_d2.2; R'"c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4

0 and R'"d2.4; and R'"_c2.₅ and R'"_d2.5 are as defined above, and -C(R'"_c2.6R"'d₂.6)- is

[832] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R'"_{c2 2} and R'"_d2.₂; R'"_c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; and

R'"_c2.4 and R"'_d2.4 are as defined above, and -C(R"'c₂.₅R'"d2.5)- and -C(R'"_c2.6R'"d₂.6)- together are ^{^ z} .

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 301 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 02 is 7, and each U₂'" is -C(R'"_c2R'"_d2)-

[833] In some variations, each Ui, U₂', and U₂" are as defined above, a third 02 is 7, and each IV" is -C(R"'_c2R'"d₂)- and the seven instances of -C(R'"_c2R'"d2)- are distinguished below as - fL TJ c2.l 1K3 " ' "\ f TJ " ' 13 " ' \

d2.l)-, -<-( c2.2K d2.2j" , f TJ " ' _C2.31K3 " ' d2.3 \j" , ΠίΛί " ' _C2.41K3 '" d2.4 \j" ,

-C(R"'_c2.₅R'"d2.5)-, -C(R"'_c2.₆R'"d2.6)-, and -C(R'"_c2.₇R'"_d2.7)- , respectively.

[834] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; R"'c2.5 and R'"d₂.s; and R'"_c2.6 and R"'d₂.6, are as defined above, and each of R'"_c2.₇ and R"'d2.7 is H.

[835] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; R"'c2.5 and R'"d₂.s; and R'"_C2.6 and R"'d2.6, are as defined above, and each of R'"_C2.7 and R"'d2.7 is CH₃.

[836] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; R"'c2.5 and R'"d₂.s; and R'"_C2.6 and R"'d2.6, are as defined above, R'"_C2.7 is H, and R"'d2.7 is CH₃.

[837] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; R"'c2.5 and R'"d₂.s; and R'"_c2.6 and R"'d₂.6, are as defined above, and

-C(R"'_c2.₇R"'d2.7)- is

[838] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R"'d2.₃; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; R"'c2.5 and R'"d₂.s; and R'"_C2.6 and R"'d2.6, are as defined above, and -

O

C(R'"_c2.₇R'"_d2.7)- is ¾

[839] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; and

R'"_c2.4 and R'"_d2.4_; and R'"_c2.₅ and R'"_d2.₅ are as defined above, and -C(R"'c₂.₆R'"d2.6)- and

-C(R"'_c2.₇R'"d₂.7)- together are

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3 oi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; a first 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and a second 02 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 as described above, a third 02 is 8, and each U₂"' is -C(R"'_c2R'"d₂)-

[840] In some variations, each Ui, U₂', and U₂" are as defined above, a third 02 is 8, and each

U₂'" is -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)- and the eight instances of -C(R"'_c2R'"_d2)- are distinguished below as

,

-C(R"'_c2.₅R'"d2.5)-, -C(R"'_c2.₆R'"_d2.6)-, -C(R"'_c2.₇R'"_d2.7)-, and C(R'"_c2.₈R'"_d2.8)- , respectively. [841] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R 'c2.2 and R"'_d2.₂; R 'c2.3 and R'"_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R"'d2.4; R'"c2.s and R'"_d2.₅; R"'c2.6 and R'"_d2.6; and R'"_c2.₇ and R'"_d2.7 are as defined above, and each of R'"_C2.8 and R"'d2.8 is H.

[842] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R'"_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R'"_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R'"_d2.₃; R"'c2.4 and R'"_d2.₄; R'"_C2.5 and R'"_d2.₅; R' e and R'"_d2.₆; and R'"_c2.₇ and R"'_d2.₇ are as defined above, and each of R'"_c2.₈ and R'"_d2.₈ is CH₃.

[843] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R"'_d2.i; R"'c2.2 and R"'_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R"'_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R'"_d2.₄; R'"_C2.5 and R'"_d2.₅; R'"_C2.6 and R'"_d2.₆; and R'"_c2.₇ and R"'_d2.₇ are as defined above, R'"_c2.8 is H, and R"'_d2.₈ is CH₃.

[844] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R"'_d2.i; R'"c₂.₂ and R"'_d2.2; R"'c2.3 and R"'_d2.3; R"'c2.4 and R'"_d2.₄; R'"_c2.5 and R'"_d2.₅; R'"_c2.6 and R'"_d2.₆; and R'"_c2.₇ and R"'_d2.₇ are as defined above, and -C(R"'_c2.₈R"'_d2.₈)- is

[845] In some variations, R"'_c2.i and R"'_d2.i; R'"c₂.₂ and R"'_d2.₂; R'"_c2.₃ and R"'_d2.₃; R'"c₂.₄ and R'"_d2.₄; R'"_c2.5 and R'"_d2.₅; R'"_c2.6 and R'"_d2.₆; and R'"_c2.₇ and R"'_d2.₇ are as defined above,

O

and -C(R"'_c2.₈R"'_d2.₈)- is ^¾

[846] In some variations, R'"_c2.i and R"'_d2.i; R'"_c2.2 and R"'_d2.₂; R'"_c2.3 and R"'_d2.₃; and

R"'c2.4 and R"'_d2._4; R'"_c2.5 and R'"_d2.s_; and R'"_c2.6 and R"'_d2.6 are as defined above, and

-C(R"'_c2.₇R"'_d2.₇)- and -C(R"'_c2.₈R"'_d2.₈)- together are

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and

(If)-(If.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4

[847] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[848] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 1. [849] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 1, ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[850] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 1, ring A is substituted with C 1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C 1-C6, C1-C5, C l- C4, C 1-C3, C1-C2, C I, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl).

[851] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 2.

[852] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 2, each of the first ring A and the second ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[853] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 2, each of the first ring A and the second ring A is substituted with C 1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl).

[854] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 2, a first ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI. In some of these variations, a second ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C 1-C6, C1-C5, C 1-C4, C1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3- C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl).

[855] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 3.

[856] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 3, each of the first ring A, the second ring A, and the third ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[857] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 3, each of the first ring A, the second ring A, and the third ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl). [858] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 3, each of a first ring A and a second ring A is substituted with halo, and a third ring A is substituted with C 1-C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, Cl- C2, C I, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5- C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl). In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[859] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 3, each of a first ring A and a second ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl), and a third ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[860] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, n is 4.

[861] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of the first ring A, the second ring A, the third ring A, and the fourth ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[862] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of the first ring A, the second ring A, the third ring A, and the fourth ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C 1-C6, C1-C5, C 1-C4, C1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl).

[863] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of a first ring A, a second ring A, and a third ring A is substituted with halo, and a fourth ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C1-C6, C 1-C5, Cl- C4, C 1-C3, C1-C2, C I, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl). In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[864] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of a first ring A, a second ring A, and a third ring A is substituted with C l- C6 linear or branched alkyl {e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2- C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl), and a fourth ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F,

Br, I, or CI.

[865] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) in which n is 4, each of a first ring A and a second ring A is substituted with C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g. , C 1-C6, C 1-C5, C1-C4, C 1-C3, C 1-C2, CI, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C2, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C3, C4-C6, C4-C5, C4, C5-C6, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl), and third ring A and a fourth ring A is substituted with halo. In some variations, the halo is F, Br, I, or CI.

[866] In any of the variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, each ring A independently is selected from:

(a)

optionally substituted with halo or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl;

optionally substituted with halo or C 1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and

optionally substituted with halo or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and

(If)-(If.63) in which Vi is absent

[867] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is absent. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is absent. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂- · In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -0-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -S-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of variations in which Vi is absent, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[868] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

(If)-(If.63) in which V₂ is absent

[869] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), V₂ is absent. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -C(Rz)₂- . In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -C(=0)0-. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -NRz-. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -0-. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -S-. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -S(=0)-. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -S(=0)₂-. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of variations in which V₂ is absent, Vi is -S(=0)₂NR_z-.

[870] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

(If)-(If.63) in which 1 each of Vi and V₂ are present

[871] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[872] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[873] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is - S(=0)₂NRz-.

[874] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[875] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[876] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz -. [877] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz -.

[878] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz -.

[879] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz -.

[880] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz -.

[881] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), Vi is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz -.

[882] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2

[883] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is - C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[884] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is

-C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[885] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is

-C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[886] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[887] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[888] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[889] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[890] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[891] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[892] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0- In some of these variations, a second V₂ is

-S(=0)₂NRz-.

[893] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and in some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, a first V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[894] In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)0-, In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)₂-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)₂NR_z-.

[895] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3

[896] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[897] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[898] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-.

In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is

-C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is

-S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is

-C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is

-S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[899] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[900] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is

-C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is

-C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is

-S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0- some variations described this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[901] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[902] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. [903] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[904] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[905] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is

-C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[906] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 3, a first V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -NRz-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of these variations, a second V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz". In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[907] In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(Rz)₂-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)0-, In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)-.

In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)₂-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)₂NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(Rz)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -C(=0)NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -NRz-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is V₂ is -S-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂0-. In some variations described in this paragraph, a third V₂ is -S(=0)₂NRz-.

[908] In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)0-, In some of the variations described above, Vi is -C(=0)NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -NRz-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)₂-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)₂0-. In some of the variations described above, Vi is -S(=0)₂NR_z-.

[909] In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl. In some of the variations described above, each Rz is H. In some of the variations described above, each Rz independently is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

Variations of X and Y in formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-

(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63)

[910] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), X and Y are the same positively charged moiety. In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63), X and Y are different positively charged moieties.

[911] In some variations of formulae (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63) in which w is 2, and variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is 2, each of the two Y moieties can be the same positively charged moiety or can be different positively charged moieties. In any of these variations, X can be a positively charged moiety which is the same as or different than either of the two Y moieties.

[912] In some variations of formulae (If)-(If.63) in which t is e, each of the three Y moieties can be the same positively charged moiety or can be different positively charged moieties. In any of these variations, X can be a positively charged moiety which is the same as or different than any of the three Y moieties.

(If)-(If.63) in which at least one of X and Y is a fused bicyclic ring system

[913] In some of the variations described above, at least one of X and Y is a fused bicyclic ring system.

(If)-(If.63) in which at least one of X and Y is a fused tricyclic ring system

[914] In some of the variations described above, at least one of X and Y is a fused tricyclic ring system.

[915] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, at least one of X and Y is:

in which: each Ai, A₂, A₃, A₄, Ci, C₂, C₃, and C₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx);

and each Bi and B₂ is independently selected from C(Rx), N, N(Rx)⁺, and S⁺, provided that at least one of Bi and B₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A₂, A₃, A₄, Bi, B₂, Ci, C₂, C₃, C₄, and Rx comprises a positive charge.

[916] In some of the variations described above, Bi and B₂ are N. In some of the variations described above, Bi and B₂ are N(Rx)⁺. In some of the variations described above, Bi and B₂ are

S⁺. [917] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx)₂. In some of these variations, B₂ is N. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is C(Rx)₂. In some of these variations, Bi is N.

[918] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx)₂ and B₂ is N(Rx)⁺. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is N(Rx)⁺ and Bi is C(Rx)₂.

[919] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx)₂ and B₂ is S⁺. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is S⁺ and Bi is C(Rx)₂.

[920] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx) and B₂ is N(Rx)⁺. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is N(Rx) and Bi is N(Rx)⁺.

[921] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx) and B₂ is S⁺. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is N(Rx) and Bi is S⁺.

[922] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx)⁺ and B₂ is S⁺. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is N(Rx)⁺ and Bi is S⁺.

[923] In some variations of formulae (I), (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, at least one of X and Y is:

wherein: each Ai, A₂, A₃, A₄, Ci, C₂, C₃, and C₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx);

and each Bi and B₂ is independently selected from C(Rx)₂, N(Rx), O, and S, provided that at least one of Bi and B₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A₂, A₃, A₄, Bi, B₂, Ci, C₂, C₃, C₄, and Rx comprises a positive charge.

[924] In some of the variations described above, Bi and B₂ are N(Rx). In some of the variations described above, Bi and B₂ are O. In some of the variations described above, Bi and B₂ are S. [925] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx)₂. In some of these variations, B₂ N(Rx). In some of the variations described above, B₂ is C(Rx)₂. In some of these variations, Bi N(Rx).

[926] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx)₂ and B₂ is O. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is O and Bi is C(Rx)₂.

[927] In some of the variations described above, Bi is C(Rx)₂ and B₂ is S. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is S and Bi is C(Rx)₂.

[928] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx) and B₂ is O. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is N(Rx) and Bi is O.

[929] In some of the variations described above, Bi is N(Rx) and B₂ is S. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is N(Rx) and Bi is S.

[930] In some of the variations described above, Bi is O and B₂ is S. In some of the variations described above, B₂ is O and Bi is S.

[931] In some of the variations described above, Ai is N. In some of the variations described above, Ai is CH. In some of the variations described above, Ai is C(Rx).

[932] In some of the variations described above, A₂ is N. In some of the variations described above, A₂ is CH. In some of the variations described above, A₂ is C(Rx).

[933] In some of the variations described above, A₃ is N. In some of the variations described above, A₃ is CH. In some of the variations described above, A₃ is C(Rx).

[934] In some of the variations described above, A₄ is N. In some of the variations described above, A₄ is CH. In some of the variations described above, A₄ is C(Rx).

[935] In some of the variations described above, Ci is N. In some of the variations described above, Ci is CH. In some of the variations described above, Ci is C(Rx).

[936] In some of the variations described above, C₂ is N. In some of the variations described above, C₂ is CH. In some of the variations described above, C₂ is C(Rx).

[937] In some of the variations described above, C₃ is N. In some of the variations described above, C₃ is CH. In some of the variations described above, C₃ is C(Rx). [938] In some of the variations described above, C₄ is N. In some of the variations described above, C₄ is CH. In some of the variations described above, C₄ is C(Rx).

[939] Examples of compounds in which at least one of X and Y is:

are provided in the Tables, below.

[940] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described above, Rxi is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Rxi is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described above, Rxi is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described above, Rxi is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described above, Rxi is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Xi is -COR.

[941] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R_¾ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R_¾ is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R_¾ is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R_¾ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R_¾ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)- (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R_¾ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R_¾ is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R_¾ is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-

(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, R_¾ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₂ is -COR.

[942] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-

(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₃ is -COR.

[943] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-

(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₄ is -COR.

[944] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-

(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rxs is -COR.

[945] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx6 is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx6 is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx6 is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx6 is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-

(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rx₆ is -COR.

[946] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -N(R)₃ ⁺ In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)- (Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described above, Ryi is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, Ryi is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)- (If.63) described above, Ryi is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)- (If.63) described above, Ryi is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)- (If.63) described above, Ryi is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63),

(Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described above, R_Yi is -COR.

[947] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₂ is -COR.

[948] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₃ is -COR.

[949] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₄ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₄ is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₄ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₄ is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is C 1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY4 is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₄ is -COR.

[950] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is C1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Rys is -COR.

[951] In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₆ is R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₆ is -NH₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₆ is -NHR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₆ is -NR₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -N(R)₃ ⁺ _. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -NHCOR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -N0₂. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -OH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -OR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)- (Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is halo. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is C 1-C6 perhaloalkyl. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -CN. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id- Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -SH. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If (If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -SR. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -S0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -S0₃H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -C0₂H. In some variations of formulae (Ia)- (Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -C0₂R. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)- (Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, RY₆ is -CHO. In some variations of formulae (Ia)-(Ia.63), (Ib)-(Ib.63), (Ic)-(Ic.63), (Id-Id.63), (Ie)-(Ie.63), and (If)-(If.63) described in the paragraphs above, Ry₆ is -COR.

[952] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl.

[953] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C3-C8 cycloalkyl.

[954] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl.

[955] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl.

[956] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C6-C10 aryl.

[957] In some of the embodiments described above, R is C5-C10 heteroaryl.

[958] Examples of compounds that fall within formula (I) are shown in Tables A, B, and D.

Table A.

Table B.

Table C.

Cmp

d Structure

No.

4

20

Table D

[959] The following examples illustrate but do not limit the scope of the disclosure set forth above.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1. Schematic synthesis plan for preparing a compound comprising two positively charged moieties

[960] Compounds presented herein can each be prepared using methods known to those skilled in the art. This example provides a synthesis plan for assembling a positively charged dimer utilizing starting materials appropriately functionalized with varying R_x. Here, protection of appropriately functionalized nitroaniline A to give the succinimide B is followed by reduction of the nitro group to its amine C allows coupling with the electrophile D bearing an appropriate leaving group (LG), such as halo, to give aniline E. Further coupling with functionalized electrophile F provides the benzoic acid intermediate G. Oxidative ring closure using sodium nitrite yields nitroso compound H which, after reduction provides the tricyclic cationic compound I. Coupling of the acid moiety with a variety of amines such as, for example diamine

J, yields the final bis-amido product K. A range of analogs can be prepared using this route based on, for example, varying R_x; the choice of position of -NH₂ and -N0₂ in A; the choice of position of LG and the amido moiety in D; choice of functionality in F including non- aromatic electrophiles, and finally the choice of functionalized coupling partner J. Those skilled in the art will be familiar with the protection, reduction, ring-closure and coupling methods presented herein.

! Ring-closure

t

EXAMPLE 2. Methods for preparing X and Y moieties

[961] This example provides a schematic synthesis plan for providing various positively charged moieties X and Y. A choice of both the appropriate functionality R_x, and also varying the position of amino groups, will provide access to a range of positively charged X and Y moieties, as exemplified herein.

[962] Alternative positively charged X and Y moieties bearing differing Bi and B₂ substituents can be envisioned from appropriate starting materials, for example as presented. Continual functionalization of the positively charged moiety is possible using methods known to those skilled in the art.

HNR_aR_b

[963] Routes to positively charged X and Y moieties bearing differing Ai to A4 or Ci to C4 ring heteroatoms can be envisioned from appropriate starting materials, for example as presented.

EXAMPLE 3. Examples of linking positively charged moieties using diamino linkers

[964] Positively charged moieties can be linked using acetamido groups through diamino linkers, as illustrated below. Appropriately protected amines (PG = protecting group) allow for regioselective coupling positions. The choice of amine linker provides for a range of linked dimers. Dimer

EXAMPLE 4. Preparation of Linear Positively Charged Multimer Species

[965] Positively charged species can be linked linearly using the scheme below, which illustrates preparation of a linear trimer comprising positively charged moieties. The same process can be repeated as desired to prepare a positively charged multimer comprising e.g. , 4, 5, or 6, positively charged moieties. The choice of both protecting group and Rx allows for a range of multiple linked products.

EXAMPLE 5. Preparation of Branched Positively Charged Multimer Species

[966] Positively charged species can be linked to form branched multimers using the scheme below, which illustrates preparation of a branched trimer comprising safranin-0 moieties. The same process can be repeated as desired to prepare a positively charged multimer comprising, e.g. , 4, or 5 positively charged moieties.

tetracarboxylic acid, HOOC COOH ₅ instead of

used in the scheme above. Higher multimers can be prepared similarly, using the appropriate

polycarboxylate linker.

Representative Synthetic Examples

[968] Examples 6 to 19 provide representative examples of routes to positively charged dimers, which those skilled in the art can adapt accordingly to generate compounds presented in Tables A, B, C, and D, as well as analogs thereof. EXAMPLE 6. Synthesis of Synthesis of 7,7'-(hexane-l,6-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8- dimeth l-5-phen lphenazin-5-ium) chloride

Step-1: Synthesis of 3-amino-7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium chloride

[969] To a solution of Safranin-0 (5.2 g, 14.8 mmol) in DMF (50 mL), cooled to -40 °C, was added sodium hydride (1.18 g, 29.5 mmol) and the reaction mass was stirred at the same temperature for lh. Boc anhydride (2.91 g, 13.97 mmol) was added at the same temperature and the reaction mass was stirred at the same temperature for another lh. The progress of the reaction was monitored by LCMS and TLC (System: 10% MeOH in DCM). The reaction was quenched by adding water (20 mL) and the solid obtained was filtered and purified by column

chromatography (silica gel 100-200 mesh, eluent system- 10 % MeOH:DCM) to obtain 3-amino- 7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (1 g).

Step-2: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)-N-[6- [(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)-tert-butoxycarbonyl- amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride [970] To a solution of 3-amino-7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin- 5-ium chloride (225 mg,0.5 mmol) in DMF (2.5 mL), cooled to -30 ° C, was added sodium hydride (40 mg, 1.0 mmol) and the reaction mass was stirred at the same temperature for lh. 1,6- Diiodohexane (85 mg, 0.25 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at the same

temperature for 2 min and at 0 ° for 20 min. Additional 1,6-diiodohexane (33 mg, 0.097 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 5 min. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. After detection of product, the reaction was quenched with water (5 mL). The solid product obtained was filtered, dissolved in 20% MeOH/DCM solution (20 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to get 100 mg crude product, which was purified by reverse phase HPLC to get pure tert-butyl N-(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)- N-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)-tert-butoxycarbonyl- amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride (6 mg.)

Step-3: Synthesis of 7,7'-(hexane-l,6-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl phenazin-5-ium) chloride.

[971] 7,7'-(2,2,15,15-Tetramethyl-4,13-dioxo-3,14-dioxa-5,12-diazahexadecane-5,12- diyl)bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride (5 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL). Trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred at RT for 2h. The desired product was detected by LCMS and NMR. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to obtain the desired product, which was triturated with diethyl ether and pentane. 1HNMR (CD₃OD): δ (ppm): 7.90-7.70 (m, 10H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 4H), 6.05 (s, 2H), 5.73 (s, 2H), 3.05 (m, 4H), 2.4 (s, 6H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 6H), 1.22-1.15 (m, 6H).

LCMS: 740(M+) and 370 (half fragment).

EXAMPLE 7. Synthesis of 7,7'-(hexane-l,6-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-5-(4- chlorophenyl)-2,8-dimethylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7,7'-(hexane-l,6- diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,8-dimethylphenazin-5-ium) chloride.

[972] This example provides a synthesis route to functionalized halophenyl derivatives. Appropriate starting materials can be utilized from the method presented in Example 6.

Step-3

EtOH.HCI

Y = CI:

7,7'-(hexane-1 ,6-diylbis(azan8diyl))bis(3-amino-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,8- dimethylphenazin-5-ium) chloride

EXAMPLE 8. Synthesis of Synthesis of 7,7'-(octane-l,8-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8- -5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride

[973] To a stirred solution of Safranin-0 (1.05 g, 3.0 mmol) in 15 mL of N,N- dimethylacetamide was added potassium carbonate (0.55 g, 4.0 mmol) and stirred at RT for 15 min. 1,8-Dibromooctane (272 mg, 1.0 mmol) was then added dropwise into the reaction mixture followed by the addition of potassium iodide (332 mg, 2.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was then stirred at 60 °C for 24h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to RT, 20 mL water was added and the crude reaction mixture was lyophilized. The mixture was then purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 100-200 mesh, 0-10% MeOH in DCM). The product obtained by column chromatography was re-purified by HPLC to afford the desired product as a brown solid. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.90-7.75 (m, 12H), 7.65-7.55 (m, 7H), 6.0 (s, 2H), 5.55 (s, 2H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 12 H), 1.35 (m, 4H), 1.05 (bs, 8H). ¹HNMR (CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 7.90-7.70 (m, 10H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 4H), 6.05 (s, 2H), 5.73 (s, 2H), 3.05 (m, 4H), 2.4 (s, 6H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 6H), 1.22-1.15 (m, 6H). LCMS: 740 (M+) and 370 (half fragment).

EXAMPLE 9. Synthesis of 3-amino-7-[(6-{[3,5-bis({6-[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl- 5 ⁵ 0-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)phenyl]formamido}hexyl)amino]- 2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5-ylium

Step-1: Synthesis of 2-(6-iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione

[974] To a suspension of potassium phthalamide (700 mg, 3.7 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added 1,6-diiodohexane (3.83 g, 11.33 mmol) and the reaction mass was heated at 80 °C for 1 h. (The reaction mass became clear on heating). The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL) and water (100 mL), the organic layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was again extracted with diethyl ether (2x100 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water (200 mL) and saturated brine solution (200 mL) The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the product, which was purified by column chromatography (silica gel: 100-200 mesh; Eluent: 10 % ethyl acetate in hexane) to obtain pure product as white solid (2.1 g). Step-2: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl- phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] -N- [6-( 1 ,3 -dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl] carbamate

[975] To a solution of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium (500 mg, 0.90 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added cesium carbonate (1.48 g, 4.54 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 10 min. 2-(6-Iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione (422 mg, 1.18 mmol) was added and the reaction mass was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was monitored by LCMS and TLC. The reaction mass was diluted with EtOAc (25 mL) and water (25 mL), and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was again extracted with EtOAc (2x25 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water (2x100 mL), and saturated brine solution (200 mL), then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the product. This was purified by column chromatography by using neutral alumina and an eluent system of 0 to 2% Methanol in DCM) to obtain pure product (200 mg.)

Step-3: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-(6-aminohexyl)-N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7- dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] carbamate

[976] To a solution of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium (800 mg, 1.04 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate monohydrate (1.072 mg, 20.8 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 90 min. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was dissolved in diethyl ether (150 mL) and filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product which was purified by column chromatography using neutral alumina (Eluent System:0 to 3% MeOH in DCM) to obtain pure product (410 mg).

Step-4: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[6-[[3,5-bis[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[8-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2- yl]amino]hexylcarbamoyl]benzoyl]amino]hexyl]-N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7- dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] carbamate trichloride

[977] To a solution of 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium (243 mg, 0.395 mmol) in DMF(3 mL) was added DIPEA (233 mg, 1.80 mmol) and stirred at RT for 10 min. Benzene-l,3,5-tricarbonyl trichloride (30 mg, 0.113 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mass was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and water (30 mL), and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was again extracted with EtOAc (2x30 mL), the combined organic layer was washed with water (100 mL) and saturated brine solution (100 niL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the product which was purified by column chromatography using neutral alumina (Eluent: 0.2-1% MeOH in DCM) to obtain pure product (65 mg.)

Step-5: Synthesis of Nl,N3,N5-tris[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2- yl) amino] hexyl] benzene- 1 , 3 ,5 - tricarboxamide trichloride

[978] To a solution of the diboc protected trimer (65 mg, 0.0325 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (01 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mass was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness and purified by reverse phase HPLC to obtain the product to obtain the product as the acetate counter anion. The product was dissolved in ethanol-HCl (20 mL) and concentrated to dryness (3 times), and the solid obtained was washed with water (20 mL) to remove inorganic impurities. The solid obtained was lyophilized to get the product (6.6 mg) which was confirmed by LCMS and NMR. 1H NMR (CD₃OD): δ (ppm): 8.25 (s, 3 H), 7.4-7.90 (m, 15 H), 6.6 (s, 6 H), 6.15 (s, 6 H), 3.1-3.5 (m, 12 H),2.2-2.3 (m, 18 H), 1.3-1.9 (m, 24 H). M+ (1397), M/2 (699.1), M/3 (467.1).

EXAMPLE 10. Synthesis of 3-amino-7-{[(2-{[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10- phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]methyl}phenyl)methyl]amino}-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10- phenazin-5-ylium and 3-amino-7-{[(2-{[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5- ylium-3-yl)amino]methyl}phenyl)methyl]amino}-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5- ylium

Step-1: Synthesis of 7,7'-(l,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(tert-butoxycarbonylazanediyl)bis(3- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride & 7-(tert- butoxycarbonyl(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)methyl)benzyl)amino)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6- dimethyl- 5 -phenylphenazin-5 -ium

[979] To a stirred solution of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride & 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (500 mg, 0.90mmol) in 5 mL of DMF was added cesium carbonate (880 mg, 2.70 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0°C and o-xylene dibromide (132 mg, 0.50 mmol, diluted with 1ml of DMF) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The solid residue obtained was dissolved in diethyl ether (50 mL) and washed with brine solution (3x20 niL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude product which was then purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 0-20% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the desired product as a dark brown solid (250 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of 7,7'-(l,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl- 5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride & 3-amino-7-(2-((7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium-3-ylamino)methyl)benzylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride:

[980] To a stirred solution of 7,7'-(l,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(tert- butoxycarbonylazanediyl)-bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium) chloride (250 mg, 0.27 mmol) in 5 mL of DCM was added TFA (1 mL) at 0°C dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 12h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness and the residue purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford two peaks of the same mass. Both peaks were then treated separately with methanolic HC1 and dried, then washed with water and dried again to afford desired product. (Compound 18): 8mg. (Compound 19): 8mg. 1H NMR Compound 18: (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 8.15 (t, 2H), 7.90 (d, 4H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 6H), 7.6 (m, 3H), 7.40 (d, 4H), 7.05 (m, 2H), 6.65 (m, 2H), 5.95 (s, 2H), 5.45 (s, 2H), 4.10 (m, 4H), 2.40 (s, 6H), 2.30 (s, 6 H). LCMS: 732 (M+), 366(M/2). Compound 19: (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 8.15 (bs, IH), 7.95 (s, IH), 7.90-7.75 (m, 5H), 7.74-7.60 (m, 7H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.20-7.10 (m, 2H), 7.05 (t, IH), 6.65 (d, IH), 6.10 (s, IH), 5.95 (s, IH), 5.62 (s, IH), 4.58 (m, 2H),4.40 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 6 H), 1.48 (s, 3H). LCMS: 732 (M+), 366 (M/2).

EXAMPLE 11. Synthesis of (3-amino-7-{[6-({4-[4-({6-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8- dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3- yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)phenyl]phenyl}formamido)hexyl]amino}-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5-e)chloranuide

Step-1: Synthesis of bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate

[981] To a stirred solution of biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (500 mg, 2.06 mmol) in 10 niL of DMF was added N-hydroxysuccinimide (594 mg, 5.16 mmol) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.06 g, 5.16 mmol) at 0°C and the mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtered cake was washed with EtOAc. The washings and filtrate were combined, washed with brine solution (3x20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude product that was dissolved in DCM and again filtered. The DCM layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford desired product (600 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl- phenazin-10-ium-2-yl]-N-[6-[[4-[4-[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7- dimethyl- 10-phenyl -phenazin- 10-ium-2- yl]amino]hexylcarbamoyl]phenyl]benzoyl]amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride

[982] Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (20 mg, 0.045 mmol) and 3-((6- aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (65.5 mg, 0.100 mmol) were dissolved in 2 mL of DMF and triethylamine (14 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine solution (4x10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina) to afford the desired product (70 mg). Step-3: Synthesis of N-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2- yl)amino]hexyl]-4-[4-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2- yl)amino]hexylcarbamoyl]phenyl] benzamide dichloride

[983] The product from Step-2 (70 mg) was dissolved in 2 mL of DCM and TFA (0.5 mL) was added at 0°C dropwise and stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtained crude product which was purified by reverse phase HPLC. The product obtained after purification was then treated with Methanolic HC1 and dried and then washed with water and freeze dried to afford the desired product (6 mg). 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 8.56 (t, 2H), 7.97-7.95 (d, 4H), 7.90-7.75 (m, 12H), 7.70-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, 4H), 7.60-7.45 (m, 3H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.58 (s, 2H), 3.25 (m, 4H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 6 H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.50-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.20-1.05 (m, 8H).

EXAMPLE 12. Synthesis of (3-amino-7-{10-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)carbamoyl]decanamido}-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-

5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5-e)chloranuide

Safranin-O

Step-2 NaH

DMF

RT-16 hrs

Step-1: Synthesis of bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) undecanedioate

[984] To a stirred solution of undecanedioic acid (500 mg, 2.31 mmol) in 10 mL of anhydrous THF was added N-hydroxysuccinimide (585 mg, 5.09 mmol) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.08 g, 5.09 mmol) at 0°C and then allowed to stir at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The product obtained was washed with diethyl ether and dried to afford the desired product (725 mg). Step-2: Synthesis of (3-amino-7-{ 10-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10- phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)carbamoyl]decanamido}-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5- ylium- 5 -e)chloranuide

[985] To a stirred solution of Safranin-0 (350 mg, 1.0 mmol) in 10 mL of DMF was added sodium hydride (60 mg, 1.5 mmol) at 0°C and stirred for 10 min, bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) undecanedioate (205 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added and allow to stir at RT for 16 h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The product obtained was dried and purified by reverse phase HPLC. The purified product was treated with Methanolic HC1 (5 times), dried and washed with water and freeze dried to afford the desired product (5 mg). 1H NMR (CD₃OD): δ (ppm): 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 2H), 7.97-7.95 (m, 3H), 7.90-7.80 (m, 6H), 7.60-7.50 (m, 4H), 6.18 (s, 2H), 2.55 (s, 6H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 10H), 1.65-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.35- 1.25 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 13. Synthesis of [3-amino-7-({9-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁶ 0-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]nonyl}amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10- phenazin-5-ylium-5-e]chloranuide and [3-amino-7-({9-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-4,8- dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]nonyl}amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5-e]chloranuide

&

Step-1: Synthesis of 7,7'-(2,2,18,18-tetramethyl-4,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxa-5,15-diazanonadecane- 5,15-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(9-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)nonyl)amino)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride:

[986] To a stirred solution of mixture of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride and 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (500 mg, 0.909 mmol) in 10 mL of DMF was added cesium carbonate (738 mg, 2.27 mmol) and stirred at RT for 15 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and 1,9-dibromononane (156 mg, 0.545 mmol, diluted with 1 mL of DMF) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The solid residue obtained after filtration was dissolved in diethyl ether (200 mL) and washed with brine solution (3x50 mL). The ether layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 0-20% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the desired product (mixture of 2 products of same mass) as a dark brown solid (400 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of 7,7'-(nonane-l,9-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 3-amino-7-(9-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium-3-ylamino)nonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride: [987] To a stirred solution of mixture of 7,7'-(2,2,18,18-tetramethyl-4,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxa-

5,15-diazanonadecane-5,15-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin -5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(9-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert- butoxycarbonyl amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)nonyl)amino)-3-(tert- butoxy carbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (400 mg, 0.32 mmol) in 5 mL of DCM was added TFA (2 mL) at 0°C dropwise and stirred at RT for 12 hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtained crude product which was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford two peaks of same mass. Both peaks were then treated separately with

Methanolic HC1 and dried, then washed with water and dried again to afford the desired products. Compound 22: 35 mg. Compound 23: 5 mg. ¹H NMR Compound 22: (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.90-7.78 (m, 10H), 7.75-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.65-7.55 (m, 7H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.58 (s, 2H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 6 H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.20-1.03 (m, 10H). Compound 23: (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.90-7.60 (m, 13H),7.60-7.38 (m, 3H), 6.15 (s, 1H), 6.0 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 1H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 9 H), 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.38- 1.20 (m, 8H), 1.18-1.02 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 14. Synthesis of {3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-[(6-{[3,5,7-tris({6-[(7-amino- 5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3- yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l-yl]formamido}hexyl)amino]-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5- ylium-5-e}chloranuide

Step-1:- Synthesis of 2-(6-iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione

[988] To a suspension of potassium l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ide (5 g, 27 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) was added 1,6-diiodohexane (22.83 g, 67.5 mmol) dropwise and heated at 85 °C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was monitored with LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water and extracted with diethyl ether (2x300 mL), and the combined organic layer was washed with water (3x250 mL) and brine (250 mL). The organic layer dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product which was purified by column chromatography with 10% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to afford 8.5 g of 2-(6- iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione. Step-2:- Synthesis of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

[989] To a solution of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium chloride (6 g, 10.90 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) at RT was added cesium carbonate (8.85 g, 27.25 mmol) portionwise and stirred for 15 min. Then, 2-(6-iodohexyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione (5.06 g, 14.18 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (40 mL) and added dropwise at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and diluted with cold water and extracted with EtOAc (2x200 mL). The combined organic layer washed with brine (4x100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 40% EtOAc in hexane to afford 6.5 g of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl)amino)-7- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

Step-3:- Synthesis of 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

[990] To a solution of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (4 g, 5.12 mmol) in ethanol (250 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate (5.36 g, 107.38 mmol) and heated to reflux at 85 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and then the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue dissolved in diethyl ether and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 4 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 1.2 g of 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

Step-4:- Synthesis of 3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(6-{ [3,5,7-tris({6-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)({7- [(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵-phenazin-5-ylium-3- yl})amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l-yl]formamido}hexyl)amino]-7-[(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵-phenazin-5-ylium tetrachloride

[991] To a solution of adamantine-l,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic acid (30 mg, 0.0961 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) were added EDC.HC1 (137 mg, 0721 mmol) and HOBt (97 mg, 0.721 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. Then 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (280 mg, 0.432 mmol) and DIPEA (0.23 mL, 1.345 mmol) were added portionwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and diluted with water. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water. The residue was dissolved in DCM (75 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 5 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 120 mg of BOC protected tetramer of adamantine.

Step-5:- Synthesis of 2-{3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-7-[(6-{ [3,5,7-tris({6-[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenyl-5 ⁵-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l- yl]formamido}hexyl)amino]-5 ⁵-phenazin-5-ylium-5-yl}benzen-l-ide trichloride hydrochloride

[992] To the BOC protected tetramer of adamantine from Step-4 (120 mg, 0.046 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) at 0° C was added TFA (0.1 mL) dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and solvent was removed and the crude product was purified by HPLC. The product was treated with Methanolic HC1 (4x20 mL) and

concentrated each time, then triturated with water (5 mL), filtered, and washed with water (20 mL). The residue was dried under lyophilization to afford 25 mg of desired product. 1H NMR (DMSO): δ (ppm): 7.60-7.90 (m, 44 H), 6.02 (s, 4 H), 5.45 (s, 1 H), 2.90-3.0 (m, 16 H), 2.30 (s, 12H), 2.25 (s, 12H), 1.76 (s, 12H), 1.30-1.36 (m, 16H), 1.05-1.10 (m, 16H).

LCMS: 1897.10,M/4=474.6, M/3=632.6, M/2=948.5.

EXAMPLE 15. Synthesis of {3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-[(3-{[3,5,7-tris({3-[(7-amino-

5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3- yl)amino]propyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l-yl]formamido}propyl)amino]-5 ⁶,10-phenazin- -ylium-5-e}chloranuide

Step-1: Synthesis of 2-(3-iodopropyl) isoindoline-l,3-dione

[993] To a suspension of potassium l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ide (3 g, 16.2 mmol) in DMF (150 mL) was added 1,3-diiodopropane (4.2 mL, 36.4 mmol) dropwise and heated at 85°C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water and extracted with diethyl ether (2x250 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water (3x200 mL) and brine (250 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography with 10% EtOAc in hexane as eluent to afford 3 g of 2-(3-iodopropyl) isoindoline-l,3-dione. Step-2: Synthesis of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(3-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

[994] To a solution of 3, 7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium chloride (4 g, 7.272 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) at RT was added cesium carbonate (5.9 g, 18.1 mmol) portionwise and stirred for 15 min. 2-(3-Iodopropyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione (2.97 g, 9.45 mol) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and added dropwise at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and then diluted with cold water. The precipitate was filtered, and washed with water. The precipitate was dissolved in DCM (150 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product that was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina: eluent 2 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 3 g of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(3-(l,3-dioxoiso indolin-2-yl)propyl)amino)-7- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

Step-3: Synthesis of 3-((3-aminopropyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

[995] To a solution of 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(3-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)amino)-7- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (3 g, 4.06 mmol) in ethanol (200 mL) was added hydrazine hydrate (3.9 mL, 81.3 mmol) and heated to reflux at 85°C for lh. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS, and then the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue dissolved in diethyl ether and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina eluent 4 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 1 g of 3-((3-aminopropyl)(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

Step-4: Synthesis of BOC protected tetramer of adamantane

[996] To a solution of adamantane 1,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic acid (30 mg, 0.0961 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) were added EDC.HC1 (137 mg, 0721 mmol) and HOBT (97 mg, 0.721 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. Then 3-((3-aminopropyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (263 mg, 0.432 mole) was added portionwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS, and then diluted with water. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water. The residue was dissolved in DCM (75 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 3 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 125 mg of BOC protected tetramer of adamantane. Step-5: Synthesis of {3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-[(3-{ [3,5,7-tris({3-[(7-amino-5- chloranuide-2, 8 -dimethyl- 5 -phenyl- 5 λ⁶ , 10-phenazin-5 -ylium- 3 - yl)amino]propyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l-yl]formamido}propyl)amino]-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5- ylium- 5 -e } chloranuide

[997] To the BOC protected tetramer of adamantane from Step-4 (125 mg, 0.046 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) at 0° C was added TFA (0.5 mL) dropwise and the mixture allowed to stir at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and solvent was concentrated to obtain a crude product that was purified by reverse phase HPLC to obtain desired product. This product was treated with methanolic HCl (4x20 mL), concentrated each time, then triturated with water (5 mL), filtered and washed with water (20 mL). The residue was dried by lyophilization to afford 25 mg of {3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-[(3-{ [3,5,7-tris({3-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide- 2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]propyl} carbamoyl)adamantan-l- yl]formamido}propyl)amino]-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5-e}chloranuide. 1H NMR (DMSO): δ (ppm): 7.60-7.90 (m, 44H), 6.0 (s, 4H), 5.45 (s, 4H), 2.90-3.0 (m, 16H), 2.30 (s, 12H), 2.25 (s, 12H), 1.76 (s, 12H), 1.65-1.75 (m, 8H). LCMS: 1728.9, M/4=432.8, M/3=576.5, M/2=864.3.

EXAMPLE 16. Synthesis of (3-amino-7-{[6-({6-[5-({6-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8- dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶ 0-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)pyridin-2- yl]pyridin-3-yl}formamido)hexyl]amino}-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶ 0-phenazin-5-ylium-

5-e)chloranuide

Step-1

Step-1: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl- phenazin-10-ium-2-yl]-N-[6-[[6-[5-[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7- dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl]amino]hexylcarbamoyl]-2-pyridyl]pyridine-3- carbonyl]amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride

[998] To a suspension of 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid (50 mg, 0.204 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added EDC.HC1 (155 mg, 0.816 mmol) and HOBt (109 mg, 0.816 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 20 min. Then 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (293 mg, 0.450 mmol) and DIPEA (0.35 mL, 2.04 mmol) were added portionwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS, and then diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc (2x25 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (4x25 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina eluent 5 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 125 mg of BOC protected dimer.

Step-2: Synthesis of N-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2- yl)amino]hexyl]-6-[5-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2- yl)amino]hexylcarbamoyl]-2-pyridyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide dichloride

[999] To the BOC protected dimer from Step-1 (90 mg, 0.0596 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at 0° C was added TFA (0.4 mL) dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS . The solvent was evaporated and the crude product purified by HPLC to obtain the desired product, which was treated with methanolic HCl (4x15 mL), concentrated each time, then triturated with water (5 mL), filtered and washed with water (20 mL). The residue was dried by lyophilization to afford 15 mg of title compound. 1H NMR (DMSO): δ (ppm): 9.10 (s, 2H), 8.83 (t, 2 H), 8.43 (d,2 H), 8.38 (d, 2H), 7.90-7.75 (m, 10 H) 7.62-7.72 (m, 2 H), 7.60 (d, 4 H), 7.60-7.50 (m,2 H), 6.0 (s, 2H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 3.26 (m, 4H), 2.99 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.50-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.20-1.05 (m, 8H). LCMS: 1036.56, M/3=346.3, M/2=518.9.

EXAMPLE 17. Synthesis of {3-amino-7-[(6-{[3-({6-[(7-amino-5-chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl- 5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)adamantan-l- yl]formamido}hexyl)amino]-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5- ejchloranuide

Step-2

Step-1: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl- phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] -N- [6- [ [3 - [6- [tert-butoxycarbonyl- [8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3 ,7 - dimethyl- 10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl]amino]hexylcarbamoyl]adamantane-l- carbonyl]amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride

[1000] To a solution of 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid (40 mg, 0.178 mmol) in DMF (65 mL) were added EDC.HC1 (119 mg, 0.623 mmol) and HOBt (84 mg, 0.623 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. Then 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (255 mg, 0.392 mmol) and DIPEA (0.22 mL, 1.335 mmol) were added portionwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS and diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (2x25 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water (2x20 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (Neutral alumina eluent 4 % MeOH in DCM) to afford 150 mg of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl]-N-[6-[[3-[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl- 10- phenyl-phenazin- 10-ium-2-yl] amino]hexyl carbamoyl] adamantane- 1 - carbonyl]amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride.

Step-2: Synthesis of Nl,N3-bis[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2- yl)amino]hexyl]adamantane-l,3-dicarboxamide dichloride [1001] To the compound from Step-1 (150 mg, 0.100 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) at 0° C was added

TFA (0.3 mL) dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was monitored by LCMS, then the solvent was concentrated and the crude product was purified by

HPLC to obtain pure product. This was treated with methanolic HC1 (4x15 mL), concentrated each time, then triturated with water (5 mL), filtered, and washed with water (10 mL). The residue was vacuum dried under lyophilization to afford 20 mg of Nl, N3-bis[6-[(8-amino-3,7- dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)amino]hexyl]adamantane-l,3-dicarboxamide dichloride. 1H NMR (DMSO): δ (ppm): 7.80-7.90 (m, 10 H), 7.60 (d, 6H), 7.50-7.60 (m, 2H),

7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 2.98-3.04 (m, 8H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 2.04

(m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.75 (m, 8H), 1.55-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.40 (m, 10H), 1.05 (m, 6H).

LCMS: 1016.6 (M), 508.6 (M/2).

EXAMPLE 18. Synthesis of 7,7'-(dodecane-l,12-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8- dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 3-amino-7-(12-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-ylamino)dodecylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

Step-1: Synthesis of 7,7'-(2,2,21,21-tetramethyl-4,19-dioxo-3,20-dioxa-5,18-diazadocosane- 5,18-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(12-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)dodecyl)amino)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl- 5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride

[1002] To a stirred solution of a mixture of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride and 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (1.0 g, 1.81 mmol) in 15 mL of DMF was added cesium carbonate (1.48 g, 4.54 mmol) and the mixture stirred at RT for 15 min. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0°C and to it was added 1,12-dibromododecane (328 mg, 0.99 mmol, diluted with 1 mL of DMF) dropwise. The reaction mixture was then stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The solid residue obtained after filtration was dissolved in diethyl ether (200 mL) and washed with brine solution (3x50 mL). The ether layer was then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude product which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 0-20% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the desired product (mixture of 2 products of same mass) as a dark brown solid (500 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of 7,7'-(dodecane-l,12-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 3-amino-7-(12-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium-3-ylamino)dodecylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride: [1003] To a stirred solution of mixture of 7,7'-(2,2,21,21-tetramethyl-4,19-dioxo-3,20-dioxa- 5,18-diazadocosane-5,18-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin- 5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(12-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)dodecyl)amino)-3-(tert-butoxy carbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (500 mg, 0.39 mmol) in 5 mL of DCM was added TFA (2 mL) at 0°C dropwise and stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtain a crude product which was purified by HPLC to afford two peaks of the same mass. Both peaks were then treated separately with Methanolic HCl and dried and then washed with water, and dried again to afford the desired products (Compound 28: 35 mg and Compound 29: 55 mg). Compound 28: 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.90-7.78 (m, 10H), 7.75-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.65-7.55 (m, 7H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.58(s, 2H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 6 H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.20 (bs, 10H), 1.20-1.05 (m, 6H). Compound 29: 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.90-7.60 (m, 15H), 7.60-7.38 (m, 3H), 6.15 (s, 1H), 6.0 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 1H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 9 H), 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.38-1.20 (m, 14H), 1.18-1.02 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 19. Synthesis of 7,7'-(octane-l,8-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride & 3-amino-7-(8-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-

Safranin-0

Step-2

Step-1: Synthesis of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride and 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

[1004] To a stirred solution of Safranin-0 (10.0 g, 28.57 mmol) in 100 mL of DMF was added sodium hydride (3.42 g, 85.71 mmol) portionwise at 0°C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 15 min. Boc anhydride (12.45 g, 57.14 mmol, diluted with 15 mL of DMF) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture and stirred at RT for 2h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the mixture was quenched using MeOH (30 mL), and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 25% DCM in hexane to 100% DCM) to afford the desired products (a mixture of two products of the same mass) as a dark brown solid (5.0 g).

Step-2: Synthesis of 7,7'-(2,2,17,17-tetramethyl-4,15-dioxo-3,16-dioxa-5,14-diazaoctadecane- 5,14-diyl)bis(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(8-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)octyl)amino)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dim phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

[1005] To a stirred solution of a mixture of 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride and 3,7-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (5.0 g, 9.07 mmol) in 60 mL of DMF was added cesium carbonate (8.87 g, 27.22 mmol) and stirred at RT for 15 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and to it was added 1,8-diiodooctane (2.05 g, 5.62 mmol, diluted with 5 mL of DMF) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and filtered. The solid residue was dissolved in diethyl ether (250 mL) and washed with brine solution (3x50 mL). The ether layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product which was purified by column

chromatography (neutral alumina, eluent 0-40% EtOAc in hexane) to afford the desired product (mixture of 2 products of same mass) as a dark brown solid (3 g).

Step-3: Synthesis of 7,7'-(octane-l,8-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(3-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5- phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 3-amino-7-(8-(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5- ium-3-ylamino)octylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride.

[1006] To a stirred solution of a mixture of 7,7'-(2,2,17,17-tetramethyl-4,15-dioxo-3,16-dioxa- 5 , 14-diazaoctadecane-5 , 14-diyl)bis(3 -(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8 -dimethyl-5 - phenylphenazin-5-ium) chloride and 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(8-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(7-(tert- butoxycarbonyl amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium-3-yl)amino)octyl)amino)-3-(tert- butoxy carbonylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (2.5 g, 2.06 mmol) in 25 mL of DCM was added TFA (10 mL) at 0°C dropwise and the mixture stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtain a crude product (2 g mixture of two compounds). 400 mg of crude product was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford two peaks of the same mass. Both peaks were then treated separately with methanolic HC1 and dried, and then washed with water and dried again to afford both regioisomeric products. EXAMPLE 20. Synthesis of Compound Dl: [3-Amino-7-({6-[(4-{4-[4-({6-[(7-amino-5- chloranuide-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3- yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)phenyl]phenyl} phenyl)formamido]hexyl}amino)-2,8-dimethyl- -phenyl-5 ⁶,10-phenazin-5-ylium-5-e]chloranuide

Step-1: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl- phenazin-10-ium-2-yl]-N-[6-[[4-[4-[4-[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)- 3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl]amino]hexylcarbamoyl]phenyl]phenyl]benzoyl] amino]hexyl]carbamate dichloride

[1007] To a stirred solution of 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonyl amino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (450 mg, 0.69 mmol) in 5 mL of DMF were added EDC.HC1 (181 mg, 0.942 mmol), and HOBt (127 mg, 0.942 mmol), and the mixture stirred for 5 min. To this were added l,4-di(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (100 mg, 0.314 mmol) and DIPEA (0.21 mL, 1.25 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine (4x10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina) to afford the desired product (200 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of N-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)amino] hexyl]-4-[4-[4-[6-[(8-amino-3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-phenazin-10-ium-2-yl)amino]hexyl carbamoyl]phenyl] phenyl] benzamide dichloride [1008] The product obtained from step-1 (200 mg) was dissolved in 5 mL of DCM and TFA (0.5 mL) was added at 0°C dropwise, and the mixture stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtain the crude product, which was purified by reverse phase

HPLC. The product was treated with ethanolic HC1 (3-4 times), evaporated, then dissolved in minimal distilled water and finally freeze dried to afford the desired product (10 mg).

[1009] ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 8.56 (t, 2H), 7.97-7.95 (d, 4H), 7.90-7.78 (m, 16H), 7.70-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, 4H), 7.60-7.50 (m, 3H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.58 (s, 2H), 3.25 (m, 4H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 6 H), 2.33 (s, 6H), 1.50-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.05 (m, 8H). LCMS: 555.6 (M/2).

EXAMPLE 21. Synthesis of Compound D2: 3-Amino-7-[(6-{[4-({6-[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl- 5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)phenyl]formamido}

-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5-ylium dichloride

Step-1: Synthesis of 3-{ [(tert-butoxy)carbonyl][6-({4-[(6-{ [(tert-butoxy)carbonyl](7-{ [(tert- butoxy)carbonyl] amino }-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5-ylium-3-yl)amino}hexyl) carbamoyl]phenyl}formamido) hexyl]amino}-7-{ [(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-2,8-dimethyl-5- pheny 1 - 5 10 -phenazin - 5 - ylium dichloride [1010] To a stirred solution of 3-((6-aminohexyl)(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chloride (440 mg, 0.677 mmol) in

5 mL of DMF were added EDC.HC1 (200 mg, 1.05 mmol), and HOBt (141.7 mg, 1.05 mmol), and the mixture stirred for 5 min. Terephthalic acid (50 mg, 0.300 mmol) and DIPEA (0.4 mL,

2.4 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and extracted with EtOAc (2x30 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine solution (4x20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (neutral alumina) to afford the desired product (200 mg).

Step-2: Synthesis of 3-amino-7-[(6-{ [4-({6-[(7-amino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl-5 ⁵,10-phenazin- 5-ylium-3-yl)amino]hexyl}carbamoyl)phenyl]formamido}hexyl)amino]- 2,8-dimethyl-5-phenyl- 5 ⁵,10-phenazin-5-ylium dichloride.

[1011] The product obtained from step-1 (200 mg) was dissolved in 5 mL of DCM and TFA (0.5 mL) was added at 0°C dropwise, and the mixture stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness to obtain a crude product, which was purified by reverse phase HPLC. The product was then treated with ethanolic HC1, then evaporated, dissolved in distilled water and freeze dried to afford the desired product (40 mg).

[1012] ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 8.62 (t, 2H), 7.97-7.95 (d, 4H), 7.90-7.78 (m, 8H), 7.80- 7.70 (m, 3H), 7.62 (d, 4H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 3H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.58 (s, 2H), 3.25 (m, 4H), 2.98 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 6 H), 2.25 (s, 6H), 1.50-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.05 (m, 8H).

LCMS: 479.7 (M/2).

EXAMPLE 22. Synthesis of Compound D3: Synthesis of N-[6-[(l,2-dimethylquinolin-l- ium-4-yl)amino]hexyl]-4-[4-[6-[(l,2-dimethylquinolin-l-ium-4-yl)amino]hexylcarbamoyl] ide dichloride

Step-1: Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-methylquinolin-4-yl carbamate:

[1013] To a stirred solution of 2-methylquinolin-4-amine (10.0 g, 63.29 mmol) in 200 mL of THF were added Boc anhydride (13.79 g, 63.29 mmol, 1 eq.), TEA (10.56 mL, 75.94 mmol) and DMAP (772 mg, 6.32 mmol), and the mixture stirred at RT for 6h. A second portion of Boc anhydride (6.9 g, 0.5 eq.) was added and again stirred for 6 h. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the mixture extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, which was washed with diethyl ether and pentane to afford tert-butyl 2-methylquinolin-4-ylcarbamate (9.5 g).

Step-2: Synthesis of tert-butyl 6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl(2-methylquinolin-4- yl)carbamate:

[1014] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 2-methylquinolin-4-ylcarbamate (1.30 g, 5.03 mmol) in 20 ml of DMF was added cesium carbonate (3.26 g, 10.06 mmol) and stirred at RT for 10 min. 2-(6-iodohexyl) isoindoline-l,3-dione (2.06 g, 5.79 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and added to the reaction mixture at 0°C and allowed to stir at RT for 5 h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine solution (5 times), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain tert-butyl 6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl(2- methylquinolin-4-yl)carbamate (2.80 g).

Step-3: Synthesis of tert-butyl 6-aminohexyl(2-methylquinolin-4-yl)carbamate:

[1015] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 6-(l,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexyl(2-methylquinolin-4- yl)carbamate (2.8 g, 5.74 mmol) in 25 mL of EtOH was added 2.87 mL of hydrazine hydrate (57.4 mmol), and the mixture heated to reflux for 3 h. After completion of reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain tert-butyl 6-aminohexyl(2-methylquinolin-4- yl)carbamate (1.7 g).

Step-4: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[6-[[4-[4-[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(2-methyl-4- quinolyl)amino]hexyl carbamoyl]phenyl]benzoyl]amino]hexyl]-N-(2-methyl-4- quinolyl)carbamate

[1016] To a stirred solution of bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (1.03 g, 2.38 mmol) in 20 mL of DMF were added tert-butyl 6-aminohexyl(2-methylquinolin-4- yl)carbamate (1.7 g, 4.76 mmol, diluted with DMF) dropwise at 0°C and TEA (1.32 niL, 9.52 mmol), and the mixture stirred at RT for 12 h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with ice-cold water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine solution (5 times), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crude tert-butyl N-[6-[[4-[4-[6-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(2-methyl-4- quinolyl)amino]hexylcarbamoyl]phenyl]benzoyl]amino]hexyl]-N-(2-methyl-4- quinolyl)carbamate which was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 100-200 mesh, eluent 0-4% MeOH in DCM) (1.5 g).

Step-5: Synthesis of N-[6-[(l,2-dimethylquinolin-l-ium-4-yl)amino]hexyl]-4-[4-[6-[(l,2- dimethylquinolin-l-ium-4-yl)amino]hexylcarbamoyl]phenyl]benzamide dichloride

[1017] The product from step-4 (300 mg, 0.325 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of DMF and methyl iodide (0.60 ml, 9.75 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred at 90°C for 12 h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was cooled to RT and triturated with diethyl ether. The precipitated product was isolated, washed with water, pentane and diethyl ether, and dried to afford 300 mg of crude product. A portion (50 mg) of crude product was purified by HPLC to afford pure product which was treated with methanolic HC1, evaporated, dissolved in water and freeze dried to afford N-[6-[(l,2-dimethylquinolin-l-ium-4-yl)amino]hexyl]-4-[4-[6-[(l,2- dimethylquinolin-l-ium-4-yl)amino]hexylcarbamoyl]phenyl] benzamide dichloride (5 mg).

[1018] 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ (ppm): 9.20 (t, 2H), 8.60 (m, 4H), 8.20 (d, 2H), 8.02-7.95 (m, 6H), 7.80 (d, 4H), 7.75 (t, 2H), 6.98 (s, 2H), 3.99 (s, 6H), 3.50 (m, 4H), 3.27 (m, 4H), 2.78 (s, 6H), 1.75 (m, 4H), 1.60 (m, 4H), 1.50-1.38 (m, 8H). LCMS - 375 (M/2).

Example Bl. Isolation and Culture of MSCs from Rat Bone Marrow

[1019] A protocol based on Soleimani & Nadri, Nature Protocols 4, 102-106, 2009, was used to isolate MSCs from rat bone marrow and culture the MSCs.

[1020] Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 250-300 g were rinsed in 70% ethanol. An incision was made around the perimeter of the hind limbs where they are attach to the trunk. Skin was removed by pulling toward the foot, which was cut at the ankle bone to eliminate further contact of the hind limb with the animal's fur, which is a source of contaminating bacteria. The hind limbs were dissected from the trunk of the body by cutting along the spinal cord with care not to damage the femur.

[1021] Each hind limb was bisected by cutting through the knee joint. Muscle and connective tissue were removed from both the tibia and the femur by scraping the diaphysis of the bone clean then pulling the tissue toward the ends of the bone. After cleaning, the bones were stored on ice in IX Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), pH: 7.2 (GIBCO®, Cat: 14185-012) until bone marrow was harvested.

[1022] Bone marrow was harvested in a hood using sterile technique. Bones were placed in ethanol for 5 minutes and then transferred to a 10 cm culture dish (NUNC™) containing

"complete medium," which is MESENPRO RS™ medium (GIBCO®, Cat: 12747-010) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% penicillin- streptomycin (10.000 U/mL, GIBCO®, Cat: 15140-122), 15% inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS; GIBCO®, Cat: 16000-044), and IX MEM NEAA Solution (Minimal Essential Medium, Non-Essential Amino Acids; GIBCO®, Cat: 11140-050).

[1023] The ends of the tibia and femur were cut just below the end of the marrow cavity using fine scissors. A 21 -gauge needle attached to a 5-10 mL syringe containing cold complete medium was inserted into spongy bone exposed by removal of the growth plate. The marrow plug was flushed out of the cut end of the bone with medium and collected in a 50 mL tube (THERMO SCIENTIFIC™) on ice.

[1024] The cell suspension was centrifuged at 400 x g for 5 minutes at RT. At this point the pellet is not very compact, so the supernatant was removed carefully. The cells were resuspended in fresh medium, and the suspension was filtered using a 70 μιη filter mesh (FALCON®, Cat:352350) to remove any bone spicules or muscle and cell clumps.

[1025] A sample of the cell suspension was diluted 1/50 and counted in a hemocytometer.

Viability was determined by Trypan Blue exclusion (0.4%, GIBCO®, Cat: 15250-061).

Typically between 400 and 500 million cells were obtained per rat.

[1026] Bone marrow cells were cultured in a 10 cm culture dish in 5 mL of complete medium at a density of 25xl0⁶ cells per plate at 37 °C with 5% C0₂ in a humidified chamber without disturbing them.

[1027] After 4 hours, non-adherent cells that accumulated on the surface of the dish were removed by washing twice with PBS-EDTA, which is IX phosphate-buffered saline IX, pH 7.4 (GIBCO®, Cat: 70011-044) containing with 5 mM EDTA (Invitrogen, Cat: 15576-028) twice, which was then replaced with 10 mL of fresh complete medium. Every 3-4 days, adherent cells were washed vigorously twice with PBS-EDTA, and fresh medium was added.

[1028] Once cells reach about 90% confluence, they are passaged using trypsin, washed in IX

PBS, and re-seeded at a density of 5 x 10⁶ cells per 10 cm culture dish. When cells in passage 3 are about 90% confluent, cells are trypsinized with 0.025% trypsin-EDTA (Gibco, 15090-046) for 8 min at 37°C and 5% C0₂ and washed with PBS IX. Two hundred thousand living cells were placed in a polystyrene round bottom tube (BD Falcon, 352052). Cells were washed with Flow Cytometry Staining Buffer (1% w/v BSA [Rockland, BSA50], 0.1% w/v Sodium Azide [Sigma- Aldrich, 438456] in PBS IX) and centrifuged at 400 x g for 5 min at room temperature. Subsequently cells were resuspended in 100 μΐ_^ of Flow Cytometry Staining Buffer and incubated with primary antibodies for 20 min at 4°C in the dark (0.25 μg/mL CD45 FITC [BD Bioscience, 561867], 0.2 μg/mL CD90 PE-Cy7 [Biolegend, 202518], 0.25 μg/mL CD29 PE [BD Bioscience, 562154], 0.25 μg/mL CDl lb PE-Cy7 [BD Bioscience, 562222], 0.25 μg/mL CD54 PE [Biolegend, 202405], 0.25 μg/mL IgGl FITC [BD Bioscience, 552811] and 0.25 μg/mL IgM PE [BD Bioscience, 553943]). Cells were washed and resuspended in 500 μΐ_^ of Flow Cytometry Staining Buffer for analysis in MACSQuant® Analyzer 10 (Miltenyi). Characterization of rat- derived MSCs was based on Zhang & Chan, Vis Exp. 2010 Mar 22;(37), including CD29⁺ and CD1 lb^" markers. The results are shown in Table 2. These results demonstrate that >90% of the obtained cells are MSCs.

Table 2. Phenotypic characterization of rat-derived MSCs at passage 3

% of MSCs (CD45-, CDl lb-, CD29+, CD54+, CD90+) = 92%

Example B2. Formation of Raji Cell Pellets in the Presence of Compound 20

[1029] 10⁶ Raji cells were placed in 1.5 mL tubes in a final volume of 500 μΐ_^ PBS and incubated with 1 μΜ or 10 μΜ of Compound 20 for 1, 5, 15, or 30 min. After the incubation, the cells were washed by adding 500 μΐ_^ of PBS. Cells were centrifuged at 500xg for 5 min to form a pellet, and the pellet was gently released from the bottom of the tube with 100 μΐ_^ of PBS.

[1030] The results are shown in FIG. 1. These results demonstrate that Raji cells form pellets after incubation with 10 μΜ Compound 20 after as little as 1 minute. Example B3. Stability of Raji Cell Pellets After Incubation with Compound 20

[1031] 1.5 xlO⁶ Raji cells were placed in 1.5 niL tubes in a final volume of 500 μΐ_^ PBS, then incubated with 1 μΜ or 10 μΜ of Compound 20 for 5 min or 30 min on a shaker at RT. After the incubation, the cells were washed by adding 500 μΐ_^ of PBS. Cells were centrifuged at 500xg for 5 min to form a pellet, and the pellet was gently released from the bottom of the tube with 100iL of PBS.

[1032] To test the stability of the pellets, the pellets were placed on a flat bottom 96-well plate using a cut plOOO micropipette tip in 100 μΐ_^ final volume in PBS. The plate was shaken using lineal movement at a speed of 567 cycles per minute (cpm) in a CYTATION™ 5 imaging equipment. Images of the wells were taken by the CYTATION™ 5 using Gen 5 2.07 software.

[1033] The results are shown in FIG. 2A (30 min. incubation with Compound 20) and FIG. 2B (5 min. incubation with Compound 20). These results demonstrate that pellets formed in the presence of 10 μΜ Compound 20 for as little as 5 min. remain essentially intact after shaking for up to 5 minutes. Any pellets formed with cells incubated in PBS are not durable and cells disperse quickly within 30 seconds with the pellet fully dismantled by 5 min.

Example B4. Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs in Pellet Cultures

[1034] This example demonstrates that 10 μΜ Compound 20 promotes chondro genie differentiation of rat bone marrow -derived MSCs in pellet cultures incubated with chondrogenic medium.

Differentiation protocol

[1035] Rat MSCs were obtained as described in Example B l . After reaching 90% confluence, MSCs were removed from the culture plate or flask using 2.5% trypsin (GIBCO®, Cat: 15090- 046) for 5 min. The cells were centrifuged in 15 ml tubes at 500xg for 4 min, and the supernatant was removed.

[1036] Cells were incubated at a density of 0.5- 10 x 10⁶ cells in 500 μL· of a 10 μΜ solution of Compound 20 in PBS for 20 min at RT on a shaker, then centrifuged in 1.5 ml tubes at 500xg for 4 min. The supernatant was removed, and the cells were washed gently by adding 500 μΐ_^ of PBS and centrifuging at 500xg for 7 min. The cells were resuspended in 500 μΐ_^ of PBS and counted.

[1037] 5xl0⁵ viable cells were placed in a 15 mL tube and centrifuged at 500xg for 7 min, then 500 μΐ. of chondrocyte differentiation media (STEMXVIVO®, Cat N° CCM005-CM006) was added. The medium was changed every 2 to 3 days, maintaining the 500 μΐ_^ volume, for 3 weeks.

Immunofluorescence assay

[1038] The medium was removed from the 15 mL tube and replaced with 500 μΐ_^ of 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS and incubated for 20 min at RT. The paraformaldehyde solution was removed, and replaced with 500 μΐ_^ of 4% paraformaldehyde, 15% sucrose in PBS. The pellet was left in this solution overnight.

[1039] The solution was removed and replaced with 500 μΐ_^ of 4% paraformaldehyde, 30% sucrose in PBS. The pellet was left in this solution overnight or until the pellet is in the bottom of the tube.

[1040] The pellet was frozen in O.C.T.™ compound (TISSUE-TEK®, Cat N° 4583), and 5 μιη sections were cut and fixed on a positively charged slide (Cell Path, Cat N° MDB-0102-54A).

[1041] A line was drawn around the sections with a hydrophobic pen. 100-300 μΐ_^ of blocking solution (1% BSA, 0.3% TRITON® X-100 in PBS) was placed on the sections and left for lh at room temperature. The blocking solution was removed with a micropipette. The primary antibody solution (goat anti-aggrecan Gl-IgD-G2 domain, R&D SYSTEMS™, Cat N° AF1220) was diluted 1:20 in blocking solution, and 100-200 μΐ_^ of the antibody solution was placed on the sections. The sections were left at 4°C overnight in a humidified box.

[1042] The primary antibody solution was removed, and the sections were washed3 times with 1% BSA in PBS for 5 min. The lines around the sections were redrawn with the hydrophobic pen.

[1043] The secondary antibody (donkey anti-goat IgG ALEXA FLUOR® 488, LIFE

TECHNOLOGIES™, Cat N° A11055) was diluted 1: 100 in blocking solution, and 100-200 of the secondary antibody solution was added to the sections. The sections were incubated in the dark for lh at RT, and the remaining steps were carried out in the dark to avoid degrading the fluorophor. The sections were then washed 3 times with 1% BSA in PBS for 5 min, and the lines around the sections were redrawn with the hydrophobic pen.

[1044] 100-200 of a 1:2000 dilution of DAPI in PBS were added to the sections, which were incubated for 5 min at RT. The DAPI was removed, and the sections were washed 3 times with PBS for 5 min and a 4^th time with distilled water for another 5 min. After drying, 30 μL· of Fluorescence Mounting Medium (Dako, catalog # 53023)was added to the sections, which were then covered with a coverslip and stored at 4°C.

[1045] The results are shown in FIG 3A and FIG. 3B. These results demonstrate that 10 μΜ Compound 20 permits chondrogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived MSCs in pellet cultures incubated with chondrogenic medium. This can be seen by the extracellular aggrecan staining in FIG. 3B.

Example B5. Chondrogenic Differentiation of Rabbit MSCs in Pellet Cultures in the

Presence of Compound 20

[1046] This example demonstrates that 10 μΜ Compound 20 promotes chondrogenic

differentiation of rabbit MSCs in pellet cultures incubated with either chondrogenic medium or basal medium.

[1047] Rabbit MSCs (Cyagen Cat N° RBXMX-01001) were cultured and incubated with 10 μΜ Compound 20 as described for the rat bone marrow-derived MSCs in Example B4. Cells were used up to passage 5 and after that were discarded. After incubation with Compound 20, some cultures were provided with basal medium (DMEM, Life Technologies Cat N° 11965-092) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco, catalog number 16000) and penicillin streptomycin (Gibco, catalog number 15140-122) or chondrocyte differentiation media (StemXvivo Cat N° CCM005- CM006) supplemented with penicillin streptomycin. The medium was changed every 2 to 3 days, maintaining the 500 μΐ_^ volume, for 21 days.

[1048] The immunofluorescence assay was carried out as described in Example B4. The results are shown in FIGS. 4A-D. These results demonstrate that 10 μΜ Compound 20 permits chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit MSCs in pellet cultures incubated with chondrogenic medium and promotes chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit MSCs in pellet cultures incubated with basal medium (i.e., in the absence of TGFP).

Example B6. Chondrogenic Differentiation of Low Density Rabbit MSC Pellet Cultures in the Presence of Compound 20

[1049] This example demonstrates that Compound 20 promotes chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit MSCs in low density pellet cultures incubated in supplemented basal medium (i.e., in the absence of TGF-β). Rabbit MSCs were cultured as described in Example B4 except that pellets were formed using 10⁵ MSCs. The immunofluorescence assay was carried out as described in Example B4. The results are shown in FIGS. 5A-F. These results demonstrate that Compound

20 promotes chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit MSCs in low density pellet cultures. EXAMPLE B7. Targeting of Raji Cells and Rabbit MSCs to Various Organs

[1050] The femur, cecum, heart, kidney, liver, trachea, lungs, pancreas, spleen, and a portion of the small intestine were extracted from 3 month old C57B1/6 mice and washed 3 times with PBS in 50 ml conical tubes.

[1051] Non-adherent Raji cells (10⁷) were incubated in 500 μΐ_^ of 10 μΜ calcein AM

(Invitrogen, Cat N° C3100MP) in PBS for 30 min on a shaker at RT. The cells were washed by adding 500 μΐ_^ PBS, centrifuging at 500g for 4 min, removing supernatant, and resuspending the cells in 500 μΐ_^ PBS. The cells were then incubated in 500 μΐ_^ 10 μΜ Compound 20 in PBS or in PBS alone (control) for 30 min on a shaker at RT. The cells were washed by adding 500 μΐ_^ PBS, centrifuging at 500g for 4 min, removing supernatant, and resuspending cells in 1 mL PBS. The cells were then counted, and 0.5 x 10⁶ cells were added over each organ in 1 mL of PBS in a p48 well plate, and incubated for 30 min at RT. The organs were then gently washed in 1 mL of PBS in a new p48 well.

[1052] Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rbMSCs were treated as described above, except that washing for 2 min instead of 4 min.

[1053] Adherence of the Raji cells or MSCs to the organs was evaluated by detecting the fluorescence of calcein dye using a ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (470/530 filter) and

ImageLab software and compared to the PBS control. The results are shown in FIG. 6 (Raji cells) and FIG. 7 (rbMSCs).

EXAMPLE B8. Targeting of Raji Cells to Meniscus Explants

[1054] Whole menisci were extracted from 4-6 month old NZW rabbits and washed 3 times with PBS in 50 ml conical tubes. The menisci were incubated with 100 μΜ of biotin-conjugated compound 4 or biotin-conjugated compound 20 in a final volume of 1 mL in PBS or 1 mL PBS alone for 30 min at RT in a 48 well plate, then washed twice in new p48 wells with 1 mL PBS.

[1055] The menisci were incubated with 1 μg/ml of streptavidin-FITC (SA-FITC) (Thermo 21224) in a final volume of 1 mL in PBS for 30 min at RT in the dark, then washed twice in a new p48 well plate with 1 mL PBS. Staining of the menisci was evaluated by measuring fluorescence in FITC channel (470/530 filter) using ChemiDoc MP Imaging System and

ImageLab software. [1056] Non-adherent Raji cells (10') were incubated with compound 4 or compound 20 as described above in Example B l. Cells were counted, and 0.5 x 10⁶ cells were placed over the meniscus explants in 1 mL of PBS in a 48 well plate and incubated for 30 min at RT. The explants were gently washed in 1 mL of PBS in a new p48 well plate.

[1057] Cell adherence to the meniscus explants was evaluated by measuring fluorescence of calcein dye using a ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (470/530 FITC filter) and ImageLab software.

[1058] The results are shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B. These results demonstrate that compounds 4 and 20 romote adherence of Raji cells to meniscus explants. Compound 6873 is a

reference compound,

EXAMPLE B9. Persistence of Compound 4 in the Knee After Intra- Articular Injection

[1059] Six- to eight-week old Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with 3% sevofluorane, and both right and left knees were shaved and washed. 250 μΐ of a solution of 10 mg/ml Compound 4 in PEG400 (Spectrum POl 10) was injected intra- articularly through the patellar ligament on the right knees. 250 μΐ of vehicle (PEG400) was injected intra- articularly into left knees as a control.

[1060] Rats were euthanized at lh, 4h, 8h and 24h post-injection, and femoral condyles were extracted for macroscopic and fluorescence evaluation using a Gel Logic Pro6000 Imaging System (530/600 filter) and Carestream software.

[1061] The results are shown in FIG. 9. These results demonstrate that compound 4 is present in the knee 24 hr after intra- articular injection.

EXAMPLE B10. Staining of Small Intestine After Oral Administration of Compound 20

[1062] Six- to eight-week old C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with 3% sevofluorane. A solution of 10 mg/ml Compound 4 in 20% cyclodextrin was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg. A solution of 20% cyclodextrin was administered by oral gavage as a control. [1063] After 24h, mice were euthanized and a portion of small intestine and Peyer's patches were extracted, washed in PBS and fluorescence was measured using a Gel Logic Pro6000

Imaging System (530/600 filter) and Carestream software.

[1064] The results are shown in FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B. These results demonstrate that Compound 4 stains the small intestine but not Peyer's patches after oral administration.

EXAMPLE Bll. Organ Staining Following Oral Administration of Compound 4

[1065] Six- to eight-week old Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with 3% sevofluorane. A solution of 10 mg/ml Compound 4 or 10 mg/ml Safranin-0 (Sigma S8884) in 20% cyclodextrin (Sigma C4805) was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg. A solution of 20% cyclodextrin was administered by oral gavage as a control.

[1066] After 24h, rats were euthanized and different organs were extracted and washed in PBS. Fluorescence was measured using a Gel Logic Pro6000 Imaging System (530/600 filter) and Carestream software to determine the localization of Compound 4 or safranin-O. The results are shown in FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B.

EXAMPLE B12. Organ Staining Following Intravenous Administration of Compound 4

[1067] Six- to eight-week old Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with 3% sevofluorane. A solution of 100 mg/ml Compound 4 in 100% DMSO was administered intravenously at a dose of 100 mg/Kg. A solution of 100% DMSO was administered IV as a control.

[1068] After 2h, rats were euthanized and different organs were extracted and washed in PBS. Fluorescence was measured using a Gel Logic Pro6000 Imaging System (530/600 filter) and Carestream software to determine where Compound 4 was localized. The results are shown in FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a pellet composition comprising a population repair cells, comprising:

(a) incubating a population of repair cells with a compound under conditions sufficient for the compound to bind to the surface of the repair cells;

(b) subjecting the population to centrifugation to form a pellet; and

(c) culturing the pellet for less than three weeks, wherein the compound is a compound of formula (I):

membered heteroaromatic ring and (b) a multiple-fused ring system comprising at least one 6-10 membered aromatic or 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring; each Rx and Ry independently is selected from the group consisting of R, -NH₂, -NHR, - NR₂, -N(R)₃ ⁺ _, -NHCOR, -N0₂, -OH, -OR, halo, C1-C6 perhaloalkyl, -CN, -SH, - SR, -S0₂H, -S0₃H, -C0₂H, -C0₂R, -CHO, and -COR, wherein R is (i) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, (ii) C3-C8 cycloalkyl, (iii) C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, (iv) C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, (v) C6-C10 aryl, or (vi) C5-C10 heteroaryl; mi and m.₂ independently are 0 or an integer from 1-6;

Vi and V₂ independently are absent or are selected from -C(Rz)₂-, -C(=0)-,

C(=0)0-, -C(=0)NRz-, -NRz-, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0)₂-,-S(=0)0-, and - S(=0)NRz-, wherein each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and L is a linker selected from the group consisting

, in which n is 0-6; tii is 1-4; for each independent instance of R_a and R_b, (I) R_a and R_b independently are H or C¾, or (2)

R_a and R_b are

or , or (3) two of CR_aR_b are

(k) , in which k is 2- 10, and for each independent instance of R_a and

R_b, R_a and R_b (I) independently are H or C¾, or (2) R_a and R_b are '^¾ 0

or (3) two of CR_aR_b are > SK.

(C)

, in which h and h independently are 0-4, n is

1-4; w is 1-2; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R_ai and R_bi, R_ai and R_bi (I) independently are H or C¾, or (2) R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ ^ or '^¾ ^ , or (3) two of CR_aiR_bi are " *· ; for each independent instance of R_a2 and or (2) R_a2 and R_b2 are

(d)

, in which lj, I₂, Oj, and 0₂ independently are 0-4; w is 1-2; n is 1-4; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R_ai a and ¾i independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ai and

Rbi are

, or (3) two of CR_aiRbi are , for each independent instance of R_a2 and R_b2, (I) R_a2 and R_b2 independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_a2 and R_b2 are ^ or ^ , or (3) two of CR_a2R_b2 are ¾ ; for each independent instance of R_ci and R_di, (I) R_ci and R_di independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ci and R_di are

or (3) two of CR_ciR_di are ; for each independent instance of R_c2 and

R_d2, (I) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_c2 and R_d2 are

\ - or ½ ^ , or (3) two of CR_c2R_d2 are _;

(e) (^e) , in which n, 0₁, and 02

independently are 1-4; w is 1-2; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of Rci and Rdi, (I) R_ci and Rdi independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ci and Rdi

-, 0

independently are '^¾ or '^¾ or (3) two of CR_ciR_di are for each independent instance of R_c2 and R_d2, (I) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are Η or CH₃, (2) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are '^¾ or '^¾ or (3)

(f) ^ , in which n, oi, and 0₂ independently are 1-8; t is 1-3; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; T is a moiety selected from - C(=0)NH-, -NH(C=0)-, -C(=0)-, -S-, -0-, -NH-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0)₂NH-, and -NHS(=0)₂-; Ui is a moiety selected from -C(R_ciR_di)-, -N-, -0-, or - S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R_ci and R_di, (I) R_ci and R_di independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_ci and R_di independently are "^- or '^¾ *" , or (3) two of

CR_ciR_di are

-N-, -0-, or -S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R_c2 and R_d2, (I) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are H R_d2 independently are '^¾ or '^¾ or (3) two of

CR_c2Rd2 are

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pellet is cultured for less than 5 days.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pellet is cultured for about 4 days.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pellet is cultured for less than 1 day.

5. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein the pellet is cultured in the absence of

TGFp.

6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein the compound falls within a formula selected from the group consisting of:

formula (la): (la)

formula (lb):

formula (Ic):

formula (Id):

(Id) formula

(le) ; and formula (If):

(if)

6. The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein

(a) at least one of X and Y is a 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring; or

(b) at least one of X and Y is a multiple-fused ring system which comprises at least one 6- 10 membered aromatic or 5- 10 membered heteroaromatic ring; or

(c) at least one of X and Y is a fused bicyclic ring system; or

(d) at least one of X and Y is a fused tricyclic ring system; or

(e) at least one of X and Y is:

,wherein each AI, A₂, A₃, A₄, Ci, C₂, C₃, and C₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx); and each Bi and B₂ is independently selected from C(Rx), N, N(Rx)⁺, and S⁺, provided that at least one of B i and B₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A₂, A3, A₄, Bi, B₂, Ci, C₂, C₃, C₄, and Rx comprises a positive charge; or (f) at least one of X and Y is

, wherein each

Ai, A₂, A₃, A₄, Ci, C₂, C3, and C₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx); and each Bi and B₂ is independently selected from C(Rx)₂, N(Rx), O, and S, provided that at least one of Bi and B₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A₂, A3, A₄, Bi, B₂, Ci, C₂, C3, C₄, and Rx comprises a positive charge; or

(g) at least one of wherein at least one of X and Y is selected from the group

consistin of:

are absent or independently are selected from -NH₂, -NHZ, -NZ₂, -OH, -O , -NHCOCH3, -NHCOZ, -OCH3, -OR, -C₂H₅, -Z,-C₆H₅, -N0₂, -NZ₃ ⁺, F, Br, CI, I, -CF₃, -CI3, -CBr₃, -CI3, -CN, - SO3H, -COOH, -COOZ, -CHO, and -COZ; (ii) Z is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and (iii)— indicates the attachment site to the linker L; or (h) the compound is

7. A pellet composition formed by the method of any of claims 1-6.

8. A pellet composition comprising a compound and one or more repair cells, wherein the compound is a compound of formula (I):

membered heteroaromatic ring and (b) a multiple-fused ring system comprising at least one 6-10 membered aromatic or 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring; each Rx and Ry independently is selected from the group consisting of R, -NH₂, -NHR, - NR₂, -N(R)₃ ⁺, -NHCOR, -N0₂, -OH, -OR, halo, C1-C6 perhaloalkyl, -CN, -SH, - SR, -S0₂H, -S0₃H, -C0₂H, -C0₂R, -CHO, and -COR, wherein R is (i) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, (ii) C3-C8 cycloalkyl, (iii) C2-C6 linear or branched alkenyl, (iv) C2-C6 linear or branched alkynyl, (v) C6-C10 aryl, or (vi) C5-C10 heteroaryl; mi and m.₂ independently are 0 or an integer from 1-6; Vi and V₂ independently are absent or are selected from -C(Rz)₂-, -C(=0)-,

C(=0)0-, -C(=0)NRz-, -NRz-, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0)₂-,-S(=0)0-, and - S(=0)NRz-, wherein each Rz independently is H or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and

L is a linker selected from the group consisting of:

, in which n is 0-6; tii is 1-4; for each independent instance of R_a and R_b, (I) R_a and R_b independently are H or CH₃, or (2)

R_a and R_b are

, or (3) two of CR_aR_b are

C³) , in which k is 2- 10, and for each independent instance of R_a and

R_b, R_a and R_b (I) independently are H or CH₃, or (2) R_a and R_b are '^¾ ^ O

or or (3) two of CR_aR_b are

(c)

, in which Ιχ and ¾ independently are 0-4, n is

1-4; w is 1-2; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; for each independent instance of R_ai and R_bi, R_ai and R_bi (I) independently are H or CH₃, or (2) R_ai and R_bi are '^¾ or '^{¾ "} , or (3) two of CR_aiR_bi are vvy ; for each independent instance of R_a2 and

Rb2, Ra2 and Rb₂ (I) independently are H or CH₃, or (2) R_a2 and Rb₂ are

\ _or \ - _{s or} (3) two of CR_a2R_b2 are _; (d)

Rbi are

or (3) two of CR_ciR_di are ; for each independent instance of R_c2 and

R_d2, (I) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are H or CH₃, (2) R_c2 and R_d2 are

\ - or ½ ^ , or (3) two of CR_c2R_d2 are _;

(e) (^e) , in which n, 0₁, and 02

-, 0

independently are '^¾ or '^¾ or (3) two of CR_ciR_di are for each independent instance of R_c2 and R_d2, (I) R_c2 and R_d2 independently 0 are H or CH₃, (2) R_c2 and R_d2 independently are '^¾ <^ or '^¾ or (3) two of CR_c2Rd2 are ; and

(f) ^ , in which n, oj, and o₂ independently are 1-8; t is 1-3; each ring A independently is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; T is a moiety selected from - C(=0)NH-, -NH(C=0)-, -C(=0)-, -S-, -0-, -NH-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0)₂NH-, and -NHS(=0)₂-; Ui is a moiety selected from -C(R_ciR_di)-, -N-, -0-, or - S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R_ci and R_di, (I) R_ci and R_di independently are H or CH₃, (2) Rci and Rdi independently are '^¾ or <* or (3) two of

CRciRdi are '^{¾ ¾} ; U₂ is a moiety selected from -CiR^R^)-, -N-, -0-, or -S-, wherein no two -N-, -0-, or -S- are adjacent, and wherein for each independent instance of R_c2 and Rd₂, (I) R_C2 and R_d2 independently are H R_d2 independently are '^¾ ^ or '^¾ or (3) two of

CR_c2Rd2 are

9. The pellet composition of claim 8, wherein the compound falls within a formula selected from the group consisting of:

formula (la): (la)

formula (lb): (lb)

formula (Ic):

w . formula (Id):

(Id)

formula (Ie):

w

(le) ; and

formula (If):

(If)

10. The pellet composition of claim 8 or claim 10, wherein

(a) at least one of X and Y is a 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring; or

(b) at least one of X and Y is a multiple-fused ring system which comprises at least one 6-10 membered aromatic or 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring; or

(c) at least one of X and Y is a fused bicyclic ring system; or

(d) at least one of X and Y is a fused tricyclic ring system; or

(e) at least one of X and Y is:

,wherein each Ai, A₂, A₃, A₄, Ci, C₂, C₃, and C₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx); and each Bi and B₂ is independently selected from C(Rx), N, N(Rx)⁺, and S⁺, provided that at least one of Bi and B₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A₂, A₃, A₄, Bi, B₂, Ci, C₂, C₃, C₄, and R_x comprises a positive charge; or

(f) at least one of X and Y is

wherein each

Ai, A₂, A₃, A₄, Ci, C₂, C₃, and C₄ is independently selected from N, CH, and C(Rx); and each Bi and B₂ is independently selected from C(Rx)₂, N(Rx), O, and S, provided that at least one of Bi and B₂ is a heteroatom and provided that at least one of Ai, A₂, A₃, A₄, Bi, B₂, Ci, C₂, C₃, C₄, and R_x comprises a positive charge; or at least one of wherein at least one of X and Y is selected from the group

are absent or independently are selected from -NH₂, -NHZ, -NZ₂, -OH, -O , -NHCOCH₃, -NHCOZ, -OCH₃, -OR, -C₂H₅, -Z,-C₆H₅, -NO₂, -NZ₃ ⁺, F, Br, CI, I, -CF₃, -Cl₃, -CBr₃, -CI₃, -CN, - SO₃H, -COOH, -COOZ, -CHO, and -COZ; (ii) Z is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; and (iii)— indicates the attachment site to the linker L; or

(h) the compound is

11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the pellet composition of any of claims 7-

10.

12. A method of repairing a tissue injury in an individual, comprising administering to an injured tissue:

(a) the pellet composition of claim 7; or

(b) the pellet composition of any of claims 8-10; or

(c) the pharmaceutical composition of claim 11.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the pellet composition of any of claims 8-10 is administered, wherein the pellet composition is not cultured before the step of administering.

14. The method of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the injured tissue is selected from cartilage, pancreas, kidney, intestine, and heart.

15. The method of any of claims 1-6 or 12-14, the pellet composition of any of claims 7- 10, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the repair cells are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

16. The method or the pellet composition or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the MSCs are autologous MSCs.

17. Use of the pellet composition of any of claims 7-10 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 11 for repairing a tissue injury in an individual.