WO2013121990A1 - Explosion-prevention valve for battery pack - Google Patents

Explosion-prevention valve for battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013121990A1
WO2013121990A1 PCT/JP2013/052983 JP2013052983W WO2013121990A1 WO 2013121990 A1 WO2013121990 A1 WO 2013121990A1 JP 2013052983 W JP2013052983 W JP 2013052983W WO 2013121990 A1 WO2013121990 A1 WO 2013121990A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosion
proof valve
protector
battery pack
case
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2013/052983
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
健 青柳
Original Assignee
オートモーティブエナジーサプライ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by オートモーティブエナジーサプライ株式会社 filed Critical オートモーティブエナジーサプライ株式会社
Publication of WO2013121990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013121990A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an explosion-proof valve for a battery pack in which a plurality of single cells (hereinafter referred to as cells) are accommodated in a pack case, and more particularly to an explosion-proof valve for a relatively large battery pack that serves as a power source for an electric vehicle.
  • a battery pack used for an electric vehicle is basically configured in a state in which a pack case is sealed in order to prevent rain water, car wash water, and the like from entering the interior.
  • a pack case in order to avoid pressure changes in the pack case due to charging / discharging and temperature changes between daytime and nighttime, the inside and outside of the pack case communicate with each other, in other words, allow relatively small amounts of air to enter and exit.
  • a vent (which is often called a breathing hole) needs to be provided.
  • a ventilation film that selectively allows only gas to pass without passing liquid, It is common to combine.
  • a battery pack provided with an explosion-proof valve capable of quickly releasing the internal pressure when a large amount of gas is suddenly generated inside the battery pack is known.
  • One example of the explosion-proof valve is disclosed in Patent Document 2.
  • the explosion-proof valve is normally closed, and when the internal pressure is greatly increased, for example, the explosion-proof valve opens with the destruction of some parts.
  • Patent Document 1 it is explained that the air hole provided with the air permeable membrane is for releasing the gas generated in the cell.
  • vents are intended to ensure a small amount of air in and out when the battery is functioning, so that a large passage area is not necessary, but rather a minimum size to prevent foreign objects from entering. It is desirable to do so.
  • the explosion-proof valve requires a considerably large passage area, and it is desirable to provide a sufficiently large explosion-proof valve, particularly in a high-voltage battery pack that accommodates a large number of cells.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide the explosion-proof valve with a function as a vent for allowing a small amount of air to enter and exit.
  • the explosion-proof valve according to the present invention is a battery pack in which a plurality of cells are accommodated in a sealed pack case.
  • a gas permeable membrane that is arranged so as to close an opening provided in a part of the pack case and selectively allows gas to pass without passing liquid, and breaks or deforms as the battery pack internal pressure increases,
  • a plate-like protector that is placed on the outer side of the gas permeable membrane and is held at the peripheral edge so as to fall off due to bending deformation due to a predetermined pressure difference;
  • a vent hole that opens outward and allows a small amount of air to flow through the vent membrane; It is configured with.
  • the gas permeable membrane is easily broken or deformed, and the plate-like protector is pressed outward by the internal pressure. Therefore, the plate-like protector bends and deforms so as to bulge outward, and along with this, the peripheral edge is unlocked and falls off instantaneously.
  • the gas permeable membrane is broken and the protector is blown outward, and a large passage cross-sectional area is instantaneously secured as an explosion-proof valve.
  • a slit that facilitates deformation of the protector may be formed on the outer surface of the protector.
  • the vent hole is arranged along the peripheral edge of the protector, and can be formed as a notch in which the peripheral edge of the protector is cut, for example.
  • the notch is positioned on the outer peripheral side of the outer shape of the gas permeable membrane so as not to overlap the gas permeable membrane, and guide grooves for guiding the air flowing from the notch to the gas permeable membrane side Is provided on the outer peripheral side of the gas permeable membrane.
  • vent hole may be formed as a through hole in the center of the protector, for example.
  • the explosion-proof valve can be attached to the pack case as it is.
  • the explosion-proof valve case further includes an annular explosion-proof valve case that holds the vent film and the protector as one unit.
  • a case is attached to the opening of the pack case by a plurality of locking claws.
  • the explosion-proof valve includes a function as a vent hole, and a small amount of air is allowed to enter and exit through the vent hole and the vent film that are relatively small, and at the same time the internal pressure suddenly rises.
  • a vent hole a function as a vent hole
  • a small amount of air is allowed to enter and exit through the vent hole and the vent film that are relatively small, and at the same time the internal pressure suddenly rises.
  • the electric vehicle 2 has a configuration in which a drive motor unit 4 is mounted on a front portion of a vehicle body 3 and drives front wheels 5.
  • the battery pack 1 serving as an energy source for the drive motor unit 4 has a substantially rectangular box shape as a whole, and is attached to the lower surface of the vehicle body floor 3a from the lower side at a position in front of the rear wheel 6. Therefore, the lower surface of the battery pack 1 is exposed on the lower surface side of the vehicle, and the battery pack 1 protrudes downward as compared with the surrounding vehicle body floor 3a.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the battery pack 1 as seen from an obliquely rear side of the vehicle.
  • the battery pack 1 has a large number of cells accommodated in a sealed pack case 10 including a lower case 11 constituting a lower portion and an upper case 12 constituting an upper portion.
  • a flat lithium ion cell sealed with a laminate film is used, and a plurality of (for example, four) cells are stacked in a flat rectangular box-shaped metal case.
  • a battery module is configured as the housed one.
  • the battery modules are further configured as a stack which is stacked and fixed to each other. Finally, the plurality of stacks are accommodated in the pack case 10.
  • the lithium ion cell may be provided with an explosion-proof seal valve that peels off the seal portion and releases the internal pressure when the internal pressure rises.
  • the lower case 11 and the upper case 12 are both made of an aluminum alloy die-cast, and are connected to each other by a plurality of bolts at the periphery.
  • a liquid gasket is previously applied as a sealing material to the joint surfaces of the two at the time of joining, thereby forming a sealed space in the pack case 10. Therefore, inflow of moisture or the like from the outside is prevented, and corrosion of the connection portion of the battery module is suppressed.
  • the lower case 11 heads toward the rear of the vehicle in order to release the sudden increase in internal pressure.
  • explosion-proof valves 21 are arranged on the rear wall 11 a at two locations on the left and right.
  • the explosion-proof valve 21 has a flat disk shape as a whole.
  • the explosion-proof valve case 22 made of a synthetic resin having an annular shape, and the explosion-proof valve case 22 and the lower case 11
  • An O-ring 23 that seals the gap, a circular sheet-like gas permeable membrane 24 that is attached to the case 22 so as to close the central opening 22 a of the explosion-proof valve case 22, and an outer layer of the gas permeable membrane 24.
  • a synthetic resin protector 25 having a circular plate shape.
  • the explosion-proof valve case 22 is formed so that the inner peripheral cylindrical wall 31 constituting the central opening 22 a slightly protrudes toward the back surface side.
  • Locking claws 32 extend further in the axial direction from four locations. These locking claws 32 can be elastically deformed in the radial direction by the elasticity of the synthetic resin material, and each has a locking portion 32a swelled in the outer radial direction at the tip.
  • a circular opening 27 corresponding to the diameter of the cylindrical wall 31 is formed in the rear wall 11a of the lower case 11 to which the explosion-proof valve 21 is attached.
  • the cylindrical wall 31 is fitted into the opening 27 and is retained by four locking claws 32.
  • the O-ring 23 is mounted on the outer periphery of the cylindrical wall 31 and is sandwiched between the rear wall 11a of the lower case 11 and the bottom surface of the annular groove 33 of the explosion-proof valve case 22, as shown in FIG.
  • a drain hole 35 is formed in the lowermost part on the back side of the explosion-proof valve case 22 so that water droplets do not collect inside the explosion-proof valve 21 or in the annular groove 33 of the lower case 11. Yes.
  • a locating pin 36 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the explosion-proof valve case 22 at a position 180 degrees different from the position of the drain hole 35. The locating pin 36 is located on the back side of the outer peripheral edge of the explosion-proof valve case 22 serving as a mounting reference surface.
  • a locating recess (not shown) is formed in the rear wall 11a of the lower case 11, and when the explosion proof valve 21 is attached, they are fitted together so that the explosion proof valve case 22 is in a correct posture (that is, water It is attached in a state where the punching hole 35 is vertically downward.
  • the first support surface 39 has a cylindrical surface 38 a on the inner periphery of the annular rim portion 38 on the outer peripheral edge and is retracted by a predetermined amount from the tip surface 38 b of the rim portion 38.
  • Is formed in an annular shape (details will be a partially missing annular shape as will be described later), and the second support surface 40 is formed in an annular shape at a position further retracted from the first support surface 39 by a predetermined amount.
  • the diameter of the rim portion 38 gradually decreases from the front end surface 38b of the rim portion 38 to the first support surface 39 and the second support surface 40, and the second support surface 40 is adjacent to the central opening 22a. ing.
  • the rim portion 38 front end surface 38b, the first support surface 39, and the second support surface 40 all form a plane orthogonal to a central axis (not shown) passing through the center of the explosion-proof valve case 22.
  • the gas permeable membrane 24 is a sheet-like membrane made of a known material that can selectively pass only gas without allowing liquid to pass through.
  • a porous membrane of polytetrafluoroethylene having water repellency is used.
  • the material of the gas permeable membrane 24 is not limited at all, and any material may be used.
  • the air-permeable membrane 24 having a circular shape has a diameter corresponding to the second support surface 40 described above, and an outer peripheral edge is supported on the second support surface 40 and is bonded and fixed by an appropriate adhesive. Yes.
  • the gas permeable membrane 24 is a thin membrane, and the step between the second support surface 40 and the first support surface 39 is larger than the thickness of the gas permeable membrane 24. Are separated from each other in the axial direction of the central axis.
  • the first support surface 39 is provided with a protector 25 having a circular plate shape, as shown in FIGS.
  • the protector 25 has a plate thickness corresponding to a step from the front end surface 38 b of the rim portion 38 of the explosion-proof valve case 22 to the first support surface 39, and the outer peripheral cylindrical surface 25 a is a cylindrical surface 38 a of the inner periphery of the rim portion 38.
  • the diameter is set so as to fit relatively tightly.
  • a groove or slit 51 extending in the diametrical direction is formed on the surface side of the protector 25, and is locked at two positions on the circumference that are 90 degrees different from the slit 51.
  • Each of the protrusions 52 is provided.
  • FIG. 8 shows details of the locking projection 52, and as shown in the figure, the cylindrical surface 25a of the protector 25 is formed so as to project into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. And the end surface which goes to the surface side of the protector 25 has stood
  • rectangular locking recesses 54 with which the locking projections 52 can be respectively engaged are formed at two locations on the cylindrical surface 38a of the explosion-proof valve case 22.
  • the locking projections 52 and the corresponding locking recesses 54 are provided at angular positions that are the uppermost and lowermost portions of the explosion-proof valve 21, respectively.
  • the water drain hole 35 and the locate pin 36 are overlapped with each other, and as shown in FIG. 6, the water drain hole 35 and the locate pin 36 are formed so as to communicate with the concave portions of the drain hole 35 and the locate pin 36.
  • the locking projection 52 has the curved guide surface 52b as described above, if the protector 25 is simply pushed into the inside of the rim portion 38, the locking projection 52 is easily accompanied by slight deformation of the resin material. It enters into the locking recess 54. And once both are fitted, they are securely fixed and held by the vertical locking surface 52a. At this time, the back surface of the outer peripheral portion of the protector 25 is in a state of being appropriately pressed against the first support surface 39 of the explosion-proof valve case 22.
  • substantially U-shaped cutout portions 61 serving as vent holes are cut out at four positions on the peripheral edge portion.
  • four notches 61 are arranged every 90 degrees.
  • the notch 61 extends in the radial direction from the cylindrical surface 25a on the outer periphery of the protector 25 to the inner peripheral side. However, as is apparent from FIG. 7, it is in a range that does not overlap with the gas permeable membrane 24.
  • a notch 61 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the outer circle of the gas permeable membrane 24.
  • the protector 25 is supported on the first support surface 39 of the explosion-proof valve case 22, and the first support surface 39 is provided on the notch 61 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7.
  • Guide grooves 63 having a width slightly larger than the projected shape of the notch 61 are provided in the radial direction at corresponding positions (that is, at four positions every 90 degrees).
  • the guide groove 63 extends from the cylindrical surface 38a inside the rim portion 38 to the stepped surface inside the first support surface 39.
  • the groove bottom surface is the same plane as the second support surface 40. It is formed to become.
  • the guide groove 63 may be shallower than the illustrated example, and the groove bottom surface may be located at an intermediate position between the second support surface 40 and the first support surface 39.
  • the inside of the pack case 10 and the external environment are always in communication with each other via the notch 61 serving as a ventilation hole.
  • a relatively small amount of air can enter and exit as the temperature changes. That is, a function as a so-called breathing hole or ventilation hole can be obtained.
  • the air entering and exiting in this way always passes through the gas permeable membrane 24, so that even if rain water or car wash water enters the cutout portion 61, for example, the air does not enter the pack case 10.
  • the opening area of each notch 61 is very small compared to the overall size of the explosion-proof valve 21, and the protector 25 protects the ventilation film 24 against relatively large foreign objects such as stepping stones.
  • the low-strength gas permeable membrane 24 is not broken.
  • the air flow through the notch 61 basically flows in parallel with the central axis of the explosion-proof valve 21, and thus changes direction toward the inner peripheral side after colliding with the groove bottom surface of the guide groove 63 and the outer peripheral part of the ventilation film 24. And flow in a direction substantially parallel to the gas permeable membrane 24. Therefore, partial damage to the gas permeable membrane 24 is less likely to occur compared to a configuration in which a small foreign object that passes through the notch 61 directly collides with the gas permeable membrane 24.
  • the fragile air-permeable membrane 24 is easily deformed or broken (or the adhesive part is peeled off), and the internal pressure is directly applied to the protector 25.
  • the plate-like protector 25 is bent and deformed so as to be bent along the slit 51 having low rigidity, as shown in FIG.
  • the two locking projections 52 located in the direction perpendicular to the slit 51 move inward from each other, and come out of the locking recess 54 of the explosion-proof valve case 22. Therefore, the protector 25 is instantaneously dropped due to the pressure difference, and the entire central opening 22a of the explosion-proof valve case 22 is opened. That is, the protector 25 is blown off while being deformed as shown in FIG. 9, and a large opening area is instantaneously secured. If only one of the two locking projections 52 comes off, the protector 25 will drop off immediately.
  • the notch 61 is provided on the protector 25 side as a vent hole.
  • a notch portion serving as a vent hole can be formed on the rim part 38 side of the explosion-proof valve case 22, not a notch.
  • Vent holes can also be provided in the form of through holes. Further, depending on the size of the vent hole and the strength of the vent film, a configuration in which the vent hole is formed in the central region of the protector 25 that overlaps with the vent film 24 is also possible.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

An explosion-prevention valve (21) comprises a ring-shaped synthetic resin explosion-prevention valve case (22), an O-ring (23) for sealing the gap between the explosion-prevention case (22) and a pack case (10), a ventilation membrane (24) shaped as a round sheet attached to the case (22) so as to close off a central opening (22a) in the explosion-prevention case (22), and a disc-shaped synthetic-resin protector (25) disposed so as to overlap the ventilation membrane (24) on the outer side. The periphery of the protector (25) has notches (61) acting as ventilation holes, allowing a small amount of air to pass through the ventilation membrane (24). When the internal pressure increases rapidly in the event of a battery fault, the protector (25) bends and detaches off upon the disengaging of a lock enabled by a locking protrusion (52); therefore, a large airflow sectional area is instantly secured, and the internal pressure is relieved.

Description

バッテリパックの防爆弁Battery pack explosion-proof valve
　この発明は、複数の単電池（以下、セルという）をパックケース内に収容したバッテリパックの防爆弁、特に、電気自動車の動力源となるような比較的大型のバッテリパックの防爆弁に関する。 The present invention relates to an explosion-proof valve for a battery pack in which a plurality of single cells (hereinafter referred to as cells) are accommodated in a pack case, and more particularly to an explosion-proof valve for a relatively large battery pack that serves as a power source for an electric vehicle.
　例えば電気自動車に用いられるバッテリパックは、雨水や洗車水等の内部への進入を防止するために、基本的にパックケースが密閉された状態に構成される。この場合、充放電や日中と夜間との温度変化などに伴うパックケース内の圧力変化を回避するために、パックケース内外を連通する、換言すれば、比較的少量の空気の出入りを許容する通気孔（これは呼吸孔と呼ばれることも多い）を設ける必要がある。この通気孔としては、該通気孔を通した雨水等の進入を回避するために、特許文献１等に開示されているように、液体は通さずに気体のみを選択的に通過させる通気膜と組み合わせるのが一般的である。 For example, a battery pack used for an electric vehicle is basically configured in a state in which a pack case is sealed in order to prevent rain water, car wash water, and the like from entering the interior. In this case, in order to avoid pressure changes in the pack case due to charging / discharging and temperature changes between daytime and nighttime, the inside and outside of the pack case communicate with each other, in other words, allow relatively small amounts of air to enter and exit. A vent (which is often called a breathing hole) needs to be provided. As this ventilation hole, in order to avoid the intrusion of rainwater or the like through the ventilation hole, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the like, a ventilation film that selectively allows only gas to pass without passing liquid, It is common to combine.
　一方、バッテリパック内部で多量のガスが急激に発生した場合に内圧を速やかに逃がすことができる防爆弁を設けたバッテリパックが公知である。防爆弁の一つの例は、特許文献２に開示されている。防爆弁は一般に通常時には閉じており、内圧が大きく上昇した場合に、例えば一部部品の破壊を伴って開動作するものである。 On the other hand, a battery pack provided with an explosion-proof valve capable of quickly releasing the internal pressure when a large amount of gas is suddenly generated inside the battery pack is known. One example of the explosion-proof valve is disclosed in Patent Document 2. In general, the explosion-proof valve is normally closed, and when the internal pressure is greatly increased, for example, the explosion-proof valve opens with the destruction of some parts.
　なお特許文献１では、通気膜を備えた通気孔が、セルで発生したガスを逃がすためのものである旨、説明されている。 In Patent Document 1, it is explained that the air hole provided with the air permeable membrane is for releasing the gas generated in the cell.
　通気孔は、バッテリが機能している下での少量の空気の出入りを確保するためのものであるから、それほど大きな通路面積は必要なく、むしろ異物の侵入を阻止するために、最小限の大きさとすることが望ましい。 The vents are intended to ensure a small amount of air in and out when the battery is functioning, so that a large passage area is not necessary, but rather a minimum size to prevent foreign objects from entering. It is desirable to do so.
　一方、防爆弁は、かなり大きな通路面積が必要であり、特に、多数のセルを収容した高電圧のバッテリパックにあっては、十分に大きな防爆弁を設けることが望ましい。 On the other hand, the explosion-proof valve requires a considerably large passage area, and it is desirable to provide a sufficiently large explosion-proof valve, particularly in a high-voltage battery pack that accommodates a large number of cells.
　従って、例えば特許文献１のように単に１つの孔に通気膜を重ねただけの構成では、通気孔と防爆弁の２つの機能を兼ねることはできない。特許文献１の構成では、防爆弁としては、その大きさが不十分であり、急激な内圧上昇には到底対応できない。また仮に、特許文献１の構成でもって孔の大きさを防爆弁に十分なほどに大きくしたとすると、外部に露出している通気膜が異物との衝突により容易に変形するなどの問題が生じる。 Therefore, for example, in a configuration in which a ventilation film is simply stacked on one hole as in Patent Document 1, for example, the two functions of a ventilation hole and an explosion-proof valve cannot be achieved. In the configuration of Patent Document 1, the size of the explosion-proof valve is insufficient, and a sudden increase in internal pressure cannot be dealt with at all. Further, if the size of the hole is made large enough for the explosion-proof valve with the configuration of Patent Document 1, there is a problem that the air-permeable film exposed to the outside is easily deformed by collision with foreign matter. .
実開昭６０－１６３２６４号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-163264 特開２０００－５８０１６号公報JP 2000-58016 A
　本発明は、防爆弁に少量の空気の出入りを行う通気孔としての機能をも持たせることを目的としている。 The object of the present invention is to provide the explosion-proof valve with a function as a vent for allowing a small amount of air to enter and exit.
　本発明に係る防爆弁は、密閉したパックケース内に複数のセルが収容されてなるバッテリパックにおいて、
　上記パックケースの一部に設けた開口部を閉塞するように配置され、かつ液体を通過させずに気体を選択的に通過させるとともに、バッテリパック内圧の上昇に伴い破断もしくは変形する通気膜と、
　この通気膜の外側に重ねて配置され、かつ所定の圧力差による撓み変形によって脱落するように周縁部で係止保持された板状のプロテクタと、
　外部に向かって開口し、上記通気膜を介して少量の空気が通流可能な通気孔と、
　を備えて構成されている。 The explosion-proof valve according to the present invention is a battery pack in which a plurality of cells are accommodated in a sealed pack case.
A gas permeable membrane that is arranged so as to close an opening provided in a part of the pack case and selectively allows gas to pass without passing liquid, and breaks or deforms as the battery pack internal pressure increases,
A plate-like protector that is placed on the outer side of the gas permeable membrane and is held at the peripheral edge so as to fall off due to bending deformation due to a predetermined pressure difference;
A vent hole that opens outward and allows a small amount of air to flow through the vent membrane;
It is configured with.
　このような構成では、パックケース内と外部との間で、通気孔を通して少量の空気が出入りする。このように出入りする空気は、開口部を閉塞するように配置された通気膜を通過する。この通気膜は、雨水等の液体は通過させずに気体のみを選択的に通過させるものであるので、パックケース内へ雨水が侵入することはない。また、外部に開口する通気孔は十分に小さなものとすることができるので、異物の衝突や侵入のリスクも少ない。 In such a configuration, a small amount of air enters and exits through the vent hole between the inside and outside of the pack case. The air entering and exiting in this way passes through the gas permeable membrane disposed so as to close the opening. Since this gas-permeable membrane allows only gas to pass through selectively without passing liquid such as rainwater, rainwater does not enter the pack case. Further, since the vent hole that opens to the outside can be made sufficiently small, there is little risk of collision and entry of foreign matter.
　一方、ガスが急激に発生して内圧が急上昇すると、通気膜は容易に破断もしくは変形し、板状のプロテクタが内圧によって外側へ押圧される。そのため、板状のプロテクタは外側へ膨らむように撓み変形し、これに伴って、周縁部の係止が外れ、瞬時に脱落する。換言すれば、通気膜が破断等し、プロテクタが外側へ吹き飛ばされ、防爆弁として、瞬時に大きな通路断面積が確保される。上記プロテクタの外表面に、該プロテクタの変形を容易にするスリットを形成しておくようにしてもよい。 On the other hand, when the gas is suddenly generated and the internal pressure rapidly rises, the gas permeable membrane is easily broken or deformed, and the plate-like protector is pressed outward by the internal pressure. Therefore, the plate-like protector bends and deforms so as to bulge outward, and along with this, the peripheral edge is unlocked and falls off instantaneously. In other words, the gas permeable membrane is broken and the protector is blown outward, and a large passage cross-sectional area is instantaneously secured as an explosion-proof valve. A slit that facilitates deformation of the protector may be formed on the outer surface of the protector.
　望ましい一つの態様では、上記通気孔は上記プロテクタの周縁部に沿って配置されており、例えば、プロテクタの周縁を切り欠いた切欠部として形成することもできる。 In one desirable mode, the vent hole is arranged along the peripheral edge of the protector, and can be formed as a notch in which the peripheral edge of the protector is cut, for example.
　一つの態様では、上記切欠部は、上記通気膜と重ならないように該通気膜の外形状よりも外周側に位置しており、該切欠部から流入した空気を通気膜側へ案内する案内溝が通気膜外周側に設けられている。 In one embodiment, the notch is positioned on the outer peripheral side of the outer shape of the gas permeable membrane so as not to overlap the gas permeable membrane, and guide grooves for guiding the air flowing from the notch to the gas permeable membrane side Is provided on the outer peripheral side of the gas permeable membrane.
　このようにすれば、通気膜と直交する方向に沿って通気孔から流入してきた空気に含まれる微小な異物が、案内溝の底面に衝突するため、通気膜に直接に衝突することがない。従って、通気膜の部分的な破損が防止される。 In this way, since minute foreign matter contained in the air flowing in from the vent along the direction orthogonal to the vent film collides with the bottom surface of the guide groove, it does not collide directly with the vent film. Therefore, partial breakage of the gas permeable membrane is prevented.
　なお、本発明では、通気孔は、例えばプロテクタの中央部に貫通孔として形成されているものであってもよい。 In the present invention, the vent hole may be formed as a through hole in the center of the protector, for example.
　上記の防爆弁は、パックケースにそのまま取り付けることも可能であるが、一つの態様では、１つのユニットとして上記通気膜および上記プロテクタを保持する環状の防爆弁ケースをさらに備えており、この防爆弁ケースが、複数の係止爪によって上記パックケースの上記開口部に装着される。 The explosion-proof valve can be attached to the pack case as it is. However, in one aspect, the explosion-proof valve case further includes an annular explosion-proof valve case that holds the vent film and the protector as one unit. A case is attached to the opening of the pack case by a plurality of locking claws.
　この発明によれば、防爆弁が通気孔としての機能を含むものとなり、比較的小さく開口した通気孔および通気膜を介して少量の空気の出入りが許容されると同時に、内圧が急上昇した場合には、防爆弁として十分に大きな通路断面積でもってパックケース内部を開放することができる。従って、通気孔と防爆弁とを別々に具備する場合に比べて、構成の簡素化が図れる。 According to the present invention, the explosion-proof valve includes a function as a vent hole, and a small amount of air is allowed to enter and exit through the vent hole and the vent film that are relatively small, and at the same time the internal pressure suddenly rises. Can open the inside of the pack case with a sufficiently large passage cross-sectional area as an explosion-proof valve. Therefore, the configuration can be simplified as compared with the case where the vent hole and the explosion-proof valve are provided separately.
バッテリパックを備えた電気自動車の側面図。The side view of the electric vehicle provided with the battery pack. この電気自動車の底面図。The bottom view of this electric vehicle. バッテリパックの斜視図。The perspective view of a battery pack. ロアケースの防爆弁部分の斜視図。The perspective view of the explosion-proof valve part of a lower case. 防爆弁の分解斜視図。The exploded perspective view of an explosion-proof valve. 防爆弁を背面から見た斜視図。The perspective view which looked at the explosion-proof valve from the back. 通気孔を通る面に沿った防爆弁の断面図。Sectional drawing of the explosion-proof valve along the surface which passes a vent hole. プロテクタの係止突起を示す要部の拡大斜視図。The expanded perspective view of the principal part which shows the latching protrusion of a protector. プロテクタが変形して脱落した状態を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the state which the protector deform | transformed and dropped out.
　以下、この発明の防爆弁を電気自動車用のバッテリパックに適用した一実施例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the explosion-proof valve of the present invention is applied to a battery pack for an electric vehicle will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
　図１および図２は、この発明に係る防爆弁を備えたバッテリパック１が用いられる電気自動車２の概略を示している。この電気自動車２は、車体３の前部に駆動モータユニット４が搭載され、前輪５を駆動する構成となっている。駆動モータユニット４のエネルギ源となるバッテリパック１は、全体としてほぼ矩形の箱状をなしており、後輪６よりも前方の位置において、車体フロア３ａの下面に下側から取り付けられている。従って、バッテリパック１は、その下面が車両下面側に露出しているとともに、周囲の車体フロア３ａに比較して下方へ突出した状態となっている。 1 and 2 schematically show an electric vehicle 2 in which a battery pack 1 having an explosion-proof valve according to the present invention is used. The electric vehicle 2 has a configuration in which a drive motor unit 4 is mounted on a front portion of a vehicle body 3 and drives front wheels 5. The battery pack 1 serving as an energy source for the drive motor unit 4 has a substantially rectangular box shape as a whole, and is attached to the lower surface of the vehicle body floor 3a from the lower side at a position in front of the rear wheel 6. Therefore, the lower surface of the battery pack 1 is exposed on the lower surface side of the vehicle, and the battery pack 1 protrudes downward as compared with the surrounding vehicle body floor 3a.
　図３は、上記バッテリパック１を車両の斜め後方側から見た斜視図である。このバッテリパック１は、下側部分を構成するロアケース１１と上側部分を構成するアッパケース１２とからなる密閉されたパックケース１０内に、多数のセルを収容したものである。セルの配置は図示していないが、例えばラミネートフィルムでシールされた平坦形状のリチウムイオンセルが用いられ、複数個（例えば４個）のセルを重ねて平坦な矩形の箱状の金属ケース内に収容したものとして、バッテリモジュールが構成される。このバッテリモジュールはさらに複数個積層して互いに固定したスタックとして構成され、最終的には、複数個のスタックがパックケース１０内に収容される。例えば、合計で数十個のバッテリモジュールがパックケース１０内に収容されるとともに互いに直列に接続され、車両の駆動に必要な数百ボルトの電圧を得ている。なお、上記リチウムイオンセルには、内圧が上昇するとシール部分が剥離して内部圧力を放出する防爆シール弁が設けられていてもよい。 FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the battery pack 1 as seen from an obliquely rear side of the vehicle. The battery pack 1 has a large number of cells accommodated in a sealed pack case 10 including a lower case 11 constituting a lower portion and an upper case 12 constituting an upper portion. Although the arrangement of the cells is not shown, for example, a flat lithium ion cell sealed with a laminate film is used, and a plurality of (for example, four) cells are stacked in a flat rectangular box-shaped metal case. A battery module is configured as the housed one. The battery modules are further configured as a stack which is stacked and fixed to each other. Finally, the plurality of stacks are accommodated in the pack case 10. For example, a total of several tens of battery modules are housed in the pack case 10 and are connected in series to obtain a voltage of several hundred volts necessary for driving the vehicle. The lithium ion cell may be provided with an explosion-proof seal valve that peels off the seal portion and releases the internal pressure when the internal pressure rises.
　ロアケース１１およびアッパケース１２はいずれもアルミニウム合金のダイキャストからなり、周縁部において複数本のボルトにより互いに結合されている。両者の接合面には、その接合の際に、予めシール材として液体ガスケットが塗布されており、これによってパックケース１０内が密閉空間となっている。従って、外部からの水分等の流入が防止され、バッテリモジュールの接続部等の腐食が抑制される。 The lower case 11 and the upper case 12 are both made of an aluminum alloy die-cast, and are connected to each other by a plurality of bolts at the periphery. A liquid gasket is previously applied as a sealing material to the joint surfaces of the two at the time of joining, thereby forming a sealed space in the pack case 10. Therefore, inflow of moisture or the like from the outside is prevented, and corrosion of the connection portion of the battery module is suppressed.
　このように基本的に密閉状態となるパックケース１０内と外部との間での比較的少量の空気の出入りを許容するとともに、急激な内圧上昇の開放を行うために、車両後方へ向かうロアケース１１の後部壁１１ａに、図４にも示すように、左右２箇所に、防爆弁２１が配置されている。 Thus, in order to allow a relatively small amount of air to enter and exit between the inside and outside of the pack case 10 that is basically sealed, the lower case 11 heads toward the rear of the vehicle in order to release the sudden increase in internal pressure. As shown in FIG. 4, explosion-proof valves 21 are arranged on the rear wall 11 a at two locations on the left and right.
　この防爆弁２１は、全体として偏平な円盤状をなすものであって、図５に示すように、円環状をなす合成樹脂製の防爆弁ケース２２と、この防爆弁ケース２２とロアケース１１との間をシールするＯリング２３と、防爆弁ケース２２の中央開口部２２ａを閉塞するように該ケース２２に取り付けられる円形のシート状の通気膜２４と、この通気膜２４の外側に重ねて配置される同じく円形の板状をなす合成樹脂製のプロテクタ２５と、から構成されている。 The explosion-proof valve 21 has a flat disk shape as a whole. As shown in FIG. 5, the explosion-proof valve case 22 made of a synthetic resin having an annular shape, and the explosion-proof valve case 22 and the lower case 11 An O-ring 23 that seals the gap, a circular sheet-like gas permeable membrane 24 that is attached to the case 22 so as to close the central opening 22 a of the explosion-proof valve case 22, and an outer layer of the gas permeable membrane 24. And a synthetic resin protector 25 having a circular plate shape.
　上記防爆弁ケース２２は、図６，図７にも示すように、中央開口部２２ａを構成する内周側の円筒壁３１が裏面側へ僅かに突出するように形成され、この円筒壁３１の４箇所からさらに軸方向に係止爪３２が延びている。これらの係止爪３２は、合成樹脂材料の弾性によって径方向に弾性変形可能であるとともに、先端に、外径方向へ膨らんだ係止部３２ａをそれぞれ備えている。防爆弁２１が取り付けられるロアケース１１の後部壁１１ａには、図７に示すように、予め上記円筒壁３１の径に対応した円形の開口部２７が形成されており、上記防爆弁ケース２２は、上記円筒壁３１が上記開口部２７に嵌合し、かつ４箇所の係止爪３２によって抜け止め保持されている。Ｏリング２３は上記円筒壁３１の外周に装着されており、図７に示すように、ロアケース１１の後部壁１１ａと、防爆弁ケース２２の環状溝３３底面との間で挟持される。 As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the explosion-proof valve case 22 is formed so that the inner peripheral cylindrical wall 31 constituting the central opening 22 a slightly protrudes toward the back surface side. Locking claws 32 extend further in the axial direction from four locations. These locking claws 32 can be elastically deformed in the radial direction by the elasticity of the synthetic resin material, and each has a locking portion 32a swelled in the outer radial direction at the tip. As shown in FIG. 7, a circular opening 27 corresponding to the diameter of the cylindrical wall 31 is formed in the rear wall 11a of the lower case 11 to which the explosion-proof valve 21 is attached. The cylindrical wall 31 is fitted into the opening 27 and is retained by four locking claws 32. The O-ring 23 is mounted on the outer periphery of the cylindrical wall 31 and is sandwiched between the rear wall 11a of the lower case 11 and the bottom surface of the annular groove 33 of the explosion-proof valve case 22, as shown in FIG.
　なお、防爆弁２１の内部ないしロアケース１１の環状溝３３に水滴が溜まることがないように、防爆弁ケース２２の裏面側の最下部に、図６に示すように水抜き孔３５が形成されている。そして、この水抜き孔３５の位置と１８０度異なる位置において防爆弁ケース２２外周面にロケートピン３６が形成されており、このロケートピン３６は、取付基準面となる防爆弁ケース２２外周縁よりも裏面側へ突出している。このロケートピン３６に対応して、ロアケース１１の後部壁１１ａには、図示しないロケート凹部が形成されており、防爆弁２１の取付時に両者を嵌め合わせることで、防爆弁ケース２２が正しい姿勢（つまり水抜き孔３５が鉛直方向下方となった状態）で取り付けられるようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 6, a drain hole 35 is formed in the lowermost part on the back side of the explosion-proof valve case 22 so that water droplets do not collect inside the explosion-proof valve 21 or in the annular groove 33 of the lower case 11. Yes. A locating pin 36 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the explosion-proof valve case 22 at a position 180 degrees different from the position of the drain hole 35. The locating pin 36 is located on the back side of the outer peripheral edge of the explosion-proof valve case 22 serving as a mounting reference surface. Protruding to Corresponding to the locating pin 36, a locating recess (not shown) is formed in the rear wall 11a of the lower case 11, and when the explosion proof valve 21 is attached, they are fitted together so that the explosion proof valve case 22 is in a correct posture (that is, water It is attached in a state where the punching hole 35 is vertically downward.
　一方、防爆弁ケース２２の表面側においては、外周縁の円環状のリム部３８内周に円筒面３８ａを有するとともに、リム部３８先端面３８ｂから所定量後退した位置に、第１支持面３９が円環状（詳しくは後述するように部分的に欠損した円環となる）に形成され、さらにこの第１支持面３９からさらに所定量後退した位置に、第２支持面４０が円環状に形成されている。換言すれば、リム部３８の先端面３８ｂから第１支持面３９および第２支持面４０へと階段状に後退しつつ小径となっていき、第２支持面４０が中央開口部２２ａに隣接している。なお、これらのリム部３８先端面３８ｂ、第１支持面３９および第２支持面４０は、いずれも、防爆弁ケース２２の中心を通る中心軸（図示せず）に対し直交する平面をなす。 On the other hand, on the surface side of the explosion-proof valve case 22, the first support surface 39 has a cylindrical surface 38 a on the inner periphery of the annular rim portion 38 on the outer peripheral edge and is retracted by a predetermined amount from the tip surface 38 b of the rim portion 38. Is formed in an annular shape (details will be a partially missing annular shape as will be described later), and the second support surface 40 is formed in an annular shape at a position further retracted from the first support surface 39 by a predetermined amount. Has been. In other words, the diameter of the rim portion 38 gradually decreases from the front end surface 38b of the rim portion 38 to the first support surface 39 and the second support surface 40, and the second support surface 40 is adjacent to the central opening 22a. ing. The rim portion 38 front end surface 38b, the first support surface 39, and the second support surface 40 all form a plane orthogonal to a central axis (not shown) passing through the center of the explosion-proof valve case 22.
　通気膜２４は、液体を通過させずに気体のみを選択的に通過させ得る公知の材料からなるシート状の膜であり、例えば、撥水性を有するポリテトラフルオロエチレンの多孔質膜などが用いられる。本発明においては、この通気膜２４の材質は何ら限定されるものではなく、どのようなものであってもよい。円形をなす通気膜２４は、上記の第２支持面４０に対応する径を有し、外周縁がこの第２支持面４０の上に支持されているとともに、適宜な接着剤によって接着固定されている。通気膜２４は薄い膜であり、上記第２支持面４０と上記第１支持面３９との間の段差は、通気膜２４の厚みよりも大きいため、通気膜２４と第１支持面３９とは、上記中心軸の軸方向に互いに離れている。 The gas permeable membrane 24 is a sheet-like membrane made of a known material that can selectively pass only gas without allowing liquid to pass through. For example, a porous membrane of polytetrafluoroethylene having water repellency is used. . In the present invention, the material of the gas permeable membrane 24 is not limited at all, and any material may be used. The air-permeable membrane 24 having a circular shape has a diameter corresponding to the second support surface 40 described above, and an outer peripheral edge is supported on the second support surface 40 and is bonded and fixed by an appropriate adhesive. Yes. The gas permeable membrane 24 is a thin membrane, and the step between the second support surface 40 and the first support surface 39 is larger than the thickness of the gas permeable membrane 24. Are separated from each other in the axial direction of the central axis.
　上記第１支持面３９には、図５，図７に示すように、円形の板状をなすプロテクタ２５が装着される。プロテクタ２５は、防爆弁ケース２２のリム部３８先端面３８ｂから第１支持面３９までの段差に対応した板厚を有し、かつ外周の円筒面２５ａがリム部３８内周の円筒面３８ａに比較的に密に嵌合するように、その径が設定されている。 The first support surface 39 is provided with a protector 25 having a circular plate shape, as shown in FIGS. The protector 25 has a plate thickness corresponding to a step from the front end surface 38 b of the rim portion 38 of the explosion-proof valve case 22 to the first support surface 39, and the outer peripheral cylindrical surface 25 a is a cylindrical surface 38 a of the inner periphery of the rim portion 38. The diameter is set so as to fit relatively tightly.
　また、この実施例では、プロテクタ２５の表面側に、直径方向に延びた凹溝つまりスリット５１が形成されており、このスリット５１に対し９０度異なる位置となる円周の２箇所に、係止突起５２がそれぞれ設けられている。図８は、上記係止突起５２の詳細を示しており、図示するように、プロテクタ２５の円筒面２５ａにおいて、略直方体形状に突出して形成されている。そして、プロテクタ２５の表面側に向かう端面は、係止面５２ａとして円筒面２５ａから垂直に立ち上がっている一方、プロテクタ２５の裏面側へ向かう端面は、案内面５２ｂとして湾曲した円弧面をなしている。 Further, in this embodiment, a groove or slit 51 extending in the diametrical direction is formed on the surface side of the protector 25, and is locked at two positions on the circumference that are 90 degrees different from the slit 51. Each of the protrusions 52 is provided. FIG. 8 shows details of the locking projection 52, and as shown in the figure, the cylindrical surface 25a of the protector 25 is formed so as to project into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. And the end surface which goes to the surface side of the protector 25 has stood | emitted perpendicularly | vertically from the cylindrical surface 25a as the latching surface 52a, while the end surface which goes to the back surface side of the protector 25 has comprised the curved circular arc surface as the guide surface 52b. .
　上記係止突起５２に対応して、上記防爆弁ケース２２の円筒面３８ａの２箇所には、係止突起５２がそれぞれ係合可能な矩形の係止凹部５４が形成されている。図示例では、上記係止突起５２および対応する係止凹部５４は、それぞれ防爆弁２１の最上部および最下部となる角度位置に設けられており、従って、係止凹部５４は、防爆弁ケース２２の水抜き孔３５およびロケートピン３６と重なり合う位置にあり、図６に示すように裏面側の水抜き孔３５およびロケートピン３６の部分の凹部と連通した形に成形されている。 Corresponding to the locking projections 52, rectangular locking recesses 54 with which the locking projections 52 can be respectively engaged are formed at two locations on the cylindrical surface 38a of the explosion-proof valve case 22. In the illustrated example, the locking projections 52 and the corresponding locking recesses 54 are provided at angular positions that are the uppermost and lowermost portions of the explosion-proof valve 21, respectively. The water drain hole 35 and the locate pin 36 are overlapped with each other, and as shown in FIG. 6, the water drain hole 35 and the locate pin 36 are formed so as to communicate with the concave portions of the drain hole 35 and the locate pin 36.
　上記のように係止突起５２は湾曲した案内面５２ｂを有しているので、プロテクタ２５を単にリム部３８の内側に押し込めば、樹脂材料の僅かな変形を伴って係止突起５２が容易に係止凹部５４に入り込む。そして、一旦、両者が嵌合すれば、垂直な係止面５２ａによって確実に固定保持される。このとき、プロテクタ２５の外周部の裏面は防爆弁ケース２２の第１支持面３９に適度に圧接した状態となる。 Since the locking projection 52 has the curved guide surface 52b as described above, if the protector 25 is simply pushed into the inside of the rim portion 38, the locking projection 52 is easily accompanied by slight deformation of the resin material. It enters into the locking recess 54. And once both are fitted, they are securely fixed and held by the vertical locking surface 52a. At this time, the back surface of the outer peripheral portion of the protector 25 is in a state of being appropriately pressed against the first support surface 39 of the explosion-proof valve case 22.
　ここで、上記プロテクタ２５には、周縁部の４箇所に、通気孔となる略Ｕ字形の切欠部６１が切欠形成されている。図示例では、４つの切欠部６１が９０度毎に配置されている。この切欠部６１は、プロテクタ２５の外周の円筒面２５ａから内周側へ半径方向へ延びているが、図７に明らかなように、通気膜２４とは重ならない範囲にあり、換言すれば、通気膜２４の外形円よりも外周側に切欠部６１が設けられている。 Here, in the protector 25, substantially U-shaped cutout portions 61 serving as vent holes are cut out at four positions on the peripheral edge portion. In the illustrated example, four notches 61 are arranged every 90 degrees. The notch 61 extends in the radial direction from the cylindrical surface 25a on the outer periphery of the protector 25 to the inner peripheral side. However, as is apparent from FIG. 7, it is in a range that does not overlap with the gas permeable membrane 24. A notch 61 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the outer circle of the gas permeable membrane 24.
　プロテクタ２５は前述したように防爆弁ケース２２の第１支持面３９の上に支持されているが、上記第１支持面３９には、図５，図７に示すように、上記切欠部６１に対応する位置（つまり９０度毎の４箇所）に、切欠部６１の投影形状より僅かに大きな幅の案内溝６３が半径方向に凹設されている。この案内溝６３は、リム部３８内側の円筒面３８ａから第１支持面３９内側の段差面まで延びているものであり、図示例では、その溝底面が第２支持面４０と同一の平面となるように形成されている。案内溝６３は、図示例よりも浅くてもよく、第２支持面４０と第１支持面３９との中間の位置に溝底面が位置していてもよい。 As described above, the protector 25 is supported on the first support surface 39 of the explosion-proof valve case 22, and the first support surface 39 is provided on the notch 61 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7. Guide grooves 63 having a width slightly larger than the projected shape of the notch 61 are provided in the radial direction at corresponding positions (that is, at four positions every 90 degrees). The guide groove 63 extends from the cylindrical surface 38a inside the rim portion 38 to the stepped surface inside the first support surface 39. In the illustrated example, the groove bottom surface is the same plane as the second support surface 40. It is formed to become. The guide groove 63 may be shallower than the illustrated example, and the groove bottom surface may be located at an intermediate position between the second support surface 40 and the first support surface 39.
　上記のように構成された防爆弁２１にあっては、通気孔となる切欠部６１を介して、パックケース１０内部と外部環境とが常に連通した状態となり、例えば、充放電や日中と夜間との温度変化などに伴い、比較的少量の空気の出入りが可能である。つまり、いわゆる呼吸孔ないし通気孔としての機能が得られる。このように出入りする空気は、必ず通気膜２４を通過することになるので、例えば雨水や洗車水が切欠部６１に入ったとしても、パックケース１０内部に侵入することはない。特に、防爆弁２１全体の大きさに比べて個々の切欠部６１の開口面積は非常に小さなものであり、飛び石など比較的大きな異物に対しては、プロテクタ２５が通気膜２４を保護することになり、強度の低い通気膜２４が破れることがない。しかも、切欠部６１を通る空気の流れは基本的に防爆弁２１の中心軸と平行に流れ、従って、案内溝６３の溝底面に衝突した後に内周側へ方向転換して通気膜２４外周部へ向かい、通気膜２４と実質的に平行な方向へ流れるようになる。そのため、切欠部６１を通るような小さな異物が通気膜２４に直接に衝突する構成に比べて、通気膜２４の部分的な損傷が生じにくい。 In the explosion-proof valve 21 configured as described above, the inside of the pack case 10 and the external environment are always in communication with each other via the notch 61 serving as a ventilation hole. A relatively small amount of air can enter and exit as the temperature changes. That is, a function as a so-called breathing hole or ventilation hole can be obtained. The air entering and exiting in this way always passes through the gas permeable membrane 24, so that even if rain water or car wash water enters the cutout portion 61, for example, the air does not enter the pack case 10. In particular, the opening area of each notch 61 is very small compared to the overall size of the explosion-proof valve 21, and the protector 25 protects the ventilation film 24 against relatively large foreign objects such as stepping stones. Therefore, the low-strength gas permeable membrane 24 is not broken. Moreover, the air flow through the notch 61 basically flows in parallel with the central axis of the explosion-proof valve 21, and thus changes direction toward the inner peripheral side after colliding with the groove bottom surface of the guide groove 63 and the outer peripheral part of the ventilation film 24. And flow in a direction substantially parallel to the gas permeable membrane 24. Therefore, partial damage to the gas permeable membrane 24 is less likely to occur compared to a configuration in which a small foreign object that passes through the notch 61 directly collides with the gas permeable membrane 24.
　一方、ガスが急激に発生し、パックケース１０内の内圧が急上昇した場合には、脆弱な通気膜２４は容易に変形もしくは破断し（あるいは接着部が剥がれ）、プロテクタ２５に直接的に内圧が作用する。このように圧力を受けると、板状のプロテクタ２５は、図９に示すように、剛性が低くなったスリット５１に沿って折れ曲がるように撓み変形する。このような変形に伴い、スリット５１と直交する方向の位置にある２つの係止突起５２は互いに内側へ移動することとなり、防爆弁ケース２２の係止凹部５４から抜け外れる。従って、プロテクタ２５は、圧力差によって瞬時に脱落し、防爆弁ケース２２の中央開口部２２ａ全体が開放される。つまり、プロテクタ２５が図９のように変形しながら外側へ吹き飛ばされ、瞬時に大きな開口面積が確保される。なお、２つの係止突起５２の一方のみが外れれば、プロテクタ２５は直ちに脱落する。 On the other hand, when the gas is suddenly generated and the internal pressure in the pack case 10 rapidly rises, the fragile air-permeable membrane 24 is easily deformed or broken (or the adhesive part is peeled off), and the internal pressure is directly applied to the protector 25. Works. When receiving pressure in this manner, the plate-like protector 25 is bent and deformed so as to be bent along the slit 51 having low rigidity, as shown in FIG. With such deformation, the two locking projections 52 located in the direction perpendicular to the slit 51 move inward from each other, and come out of the locking recess 54 of the explosion-proof valve case 22. Therefore, the protector 25 is instantaneously dropped due to the pressure difference, and the entire central opening 22a of the explosion-proof valve case 22 is opened. That is, the protector 25 is blown off while being deformed as shown in FIG. 9, and a large opening area is instantaneously secured. If only one of the two locking projections 52 comes off, the protector 25 will drop off immediately.
　従って、防爆弁２１として万一の際の内圧の開放が確実に行える。なお、スリット５１の深さや幅などの調節によって、どの程度の圧力差でプロテクタ２５が脱落するかを容易に変更することができる。また、プロテクタ２５の材質を適当に選択すれば、スリット５１を設けずに同様の機能を奏するようにすることもできる。 Therefore, it is possible to reliably release the internal pressure in the event of an explosion-proof valve 21. It should be noted that by adjusting the depth, width, etc. of the slit 51, it is possible to easily change how much the protector 25 falls off with a pressure difference. Further, if the material of the protector 25 is appropriately selected, the same function can be achieved without providing the slit 51.
　以上、この発明の一実施例を説明したが、この発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、種々の変形が可能である。 Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible.
　例えば、上記実施例では、通気孔として切欠部６１がプロテクタ２５側に設けられているが、防爆弁ケース２２のリム部３８側に通気孔となる切欠部を形成することもでき、切欠ではなく貫通孔の形で通気孔を設けることもできる。また、通気孔の大きさや通気膜の強度などによっては、通気膜２４と重なり合うプロテクタ２５の中央部の領域内に通気孔を開口形成した構成も可能である。 For example, in the above-described embodiment, the notch 61 is provided on the protector 25 side as a vent hole. However, a notch portion serving as a vent hole can be formed on the rim part 38 side of the explosion-proof valve case 22, not a notch. Vent holes can also be provided in the form of through holes. Further, depending on the size of the vent hole and the strength of the vent film, a configuration in which the vent hole is formed in the central region of the protector 25 that overlaps with the vent film 24 is also possible.
　また、上記実施例では、電気自動車用のバッテリパック１に適用した例を説明したが、これ以外の用途のバッテリパックにも同様に適用し得ることは勿論である。 In the above embodiment, the example applied to the battery pack 1 for an electric vehicle has been described, but it is needless to say that the present invention can be similarly applied to a battery pack for other purposes.

Claims (6)

  1. 　密閉したパックケース内に複数のセルが収容されてなるバッテリパックにおいて、
    　上記パックケースの一部に設けた開口部を閉塞するように配置され、かつ液体を通過させずに気体を選択的に通過させるとともに、バッテリパック内圧の上昇に伴い破断もしくは変形する通気膜と、
    　この通気膜の外側に重ねて配置され、かつ所定の圧力差による撓み変形によって脱落するように周縁部で係止保持された板状のプロテクタと、
    　外部に向かって開口し、上記通気膜を介して少量の空気が通流可能な通気孔と、
    　を備えてなるバッテリパックの防爆弁。     In a battery pack in which a plurality of cells are housed in a sealed pack case,
    A gas permeable membrane that is arranged so as to close an opening provided in a part of the pack case and selectively allows gas to pass without passing liquid, and breaks or deforms as the battery pack internal pressure increases,
    A plate-like protector that is placed on the outer side of the gas permeable membrane and is held at the peripheral edge so as to fall off due to bending deformation due to a predetermined pressure difference;
    A vent hole that opens outward and allows a small amount of air to flow through the vent membrane;
    A battery pack explosion-proof valve.
  2. 　上記通気孔は上記プロテクタの周縁部に沿って配置されている、請求項１に記載のバッテリパックの防爆弁。 The explosion-proof valve for a battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the vent hole is disposed along a peripheral edge portion of the protector.
  3. 　上記通気孔は、上記プロテクタの周縁を切り欠いた切欠部からなる請求項２に記載のバッテリパックの防爆弁。 3. The explosion-proof valve for a battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the vent hole is formed by a cutout portion formed by cutting out a peripheral edge of the protector.
  4. 　上記切欠部は、上記通気膜と重ならないように該通気膜の外形状よりも外周側に位置しており、該切欠部から流入した空気を通気膜側へ案内する案内溝が通気膜外周側に設けられている、請求項３に記載のバッテリパックの防爆弁。 The notch is located on the outer peripheral side of the outer shape of the gas permeable membrane so as not to overlap the gas permeable membrane, and a guide groove for guiding the air flowing from the notch to the gas permeable membrane is provided on the outer side of the gas permeable membrane The explosion-proof valve for the battery pack according to claim 3, wherein the explosion-proof valve is provided on the battery pack.
  5. 　１つのユニットとして上記通気膜および上記プロテクタを保持する環状の防爆弁ケースをさらに備え、この防爆弁ケースが、複数の係止爪によって上記パックケースの上記開口部に装着される、請求項１～４のいずれかに記載のバッテリパックの防爆弁。 An annular explosion-proof valve case that holds the gas permeable membrane and the protector as a unit is further provided, and the explosion-proof valve case is attached to the opening of the pack case by a plurality of locking claws. 4. The explosion-proof valve for a battery pack according to any one of 4 above.
  6. 　上記プロテクタの外表面に、該プロテクタの変形を容易にするスリットが形成されている、請求項１～５のいずれかに記載のバッテリパックの防爆弁。 The explosion-proof valve for a battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a slit that facilitates deformation of the protector is formed on an outer surface of the protector.
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