WO2012153663A1 - Windshield-integrated antenna and glazing - Google Patents

Windshield-integrated antenna and glazing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012153663A1
WO2012153663A1 PCT/JP2012/061465 JP2012061465W WO2012153663A1 WO 2012153663 A1 WO2012153663 A1 WO 2012153663A1 JP 2012061465 W JP2012061465 W JP 2012061465W WO 2012153663 A1 WO2012153663 A1 WO 2012153663A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass plate
vehicle
glass
conductive
antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/061465
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
加賀谷　修
龍太 園田
井川　耕司
Original Assignee
旭硝子株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 旭硝子株式会社 filed Critical 旭硝子株式会社
Publication of WO2012153663A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012153663A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H01Q1/1285—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens with capacitive feeding through the windscreen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glass antenna provided on a glass plate attached to a vehicle, and a window glass provided with the glass antenna.
  • Glass antennas for vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication require high-accuracy reception sensitivity, so that when the noise from the inside of the vehicle is large, such as in an electric vehicle, the antenna gain on the outside of the vehicle increases.
  • An antenna having a strong directivity is required.
  • glass antennas for communication such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication transmit and receive radio waves at a relatively short distance compared to glass antennas for broadcasting, and thus have a strong directivity that increases the antenna gain in a specific direction.
  • An antenna is required.
  • both directions inside and outside the vehicle are perpendicular to the direction of the current flowing through the antenna conductor 5 unless measures such as making an array antenna are taken.
  • the reception sensitivity is equivalent to that in the normal directions 6 and 7 of the windshield 1 on which the antenna conductor 5 is provided, and it is difficult to improve the antenna gain in a specific direction. That is, it is difficult to improve the antenna gain only in direction 6 in the normal direction or in directions other than the normal direction.
  • the array antenna requires two or more feeding points, the connection process becomes complicated, and if the antennas are arranged vertically, it becomes difficult to arrange feeding lines.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a glass antenna and a window glass that can improve the antenna gain in a specific direction without using an array antenna.
  • a glass antenna according to the present invention comprises: A glass antenna provided on a glass plate attached to a vehicle, A dielectric, a medium disposed between the glass plate and the dielectric, and a feeding element disposed on a side opposite to the medium side of the dielectric,
  • the medium includes a dielectric layer, and a pair of conductive layers composed of a first conductive element and a second conductive element facing each other with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween.
  • the power feeding element is disposed at a position where it is electromagnetically coupled to the first conductive element and the second conductive element closer to the power feeding element.
  • the antenna gain in a specific direction can be improved without using an array antenna.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view (in-vehicle view) of the window glass 100 in which the projection of the power feeding element 15 overlaps the conductive element 52.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view (in-vehicle view) of the window glass 100 in which the projection of the power feeding element 15 does not overlap the conductive element 52.
  • It is sectional drawing of the glass antenna which is one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the glass antenna which is other embodiment of this invention in which the electrically conductive elements 51 and 52 are offset.
  • Conductive elements 51 and 52 are formed on the vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12, and the dielectric film 60 is fitted by cutting out the intermediate film 14 in the corresponding region.
  • conductive elements 51 and 52 are formed on the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 and the vehicle interior glass plate 12, and the intermediate film 14 is used as the dielectric layer 60.
  • the vehicle outside glass plate 11, the vehicle interior glass plate 12, and the intermediate film 14 are laminated with the artificial medium adhered to the vehicle interior glass plate 12.
  • This is a form in which an antenna module in which a dielectric substrate 32 on which a feed element is formed and an artificial medium are bonded is bonded to a glass plate 13. It is a perspective view (in-vehicle view) of the glass antenna which is one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 6A. It is a perspective view (in-vehicle view) of the glass antenna which is other embodiments of the present invention in which conductive elements 51 and 52 are offset.
  • FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 7A. It is a perspective view (in-vehicle view) of the conventional glass antenna. It is sectional drawing in DD of FIG. 8A.
  • the present invention can be applied to a window glass such as a windshield attached to the front part of the vehicle, a rear glass attached to the rear part of the vehicle, and a side glass attached to the side part of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a window glass 100 for a vehicle that is an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the window glass 100 includes a vehicle-side glass plate 11 that is a first glass plate disposed on the vehicle exterior side and a vehicle-side glass plate 12 that is a second glass plate disposed on the vehicle interior side through intermediate films 14A and 14B. It is the laminated glass bonded together.
  • FIG. 2 shows the components of the window glass 100 separated in the normal direction of the surface of the vehicle outer glass plate 11 (or vehicle inner glass plate 12).
  • the window glass 100 includes a vehicle outer side glass plate 11, a vehicle inner side glass plate 12, intermediate films 14 ⁇ / b> A and 14 ⁇ / b> B, an artificial medium 70, and a power feeding element 17.
  • the artificial medium of the present invention refers to a material obtained by combining an electromagnetic property that cannot be realized by a substance existing in nature by a combination of a dielectric and a conductor (corresponding to the claim medium).
  • the vehicle interior glass plate 12 (corresponding to another glass plate in the claims) is used as a dielectric that sandwiches the artificial medium 70 with the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 (corresponding to the glass plate in claims). In the case of FIG.
  • the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 have the same size, and the outer peripheral edge (11a to 11d) of the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the outer peripheral edge (12a to 12d) of the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 Is identical in shape when viewed from the direction in which the vehicle interior glass plate 12 and the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 are laminated (hereinafter referred to as “stacking direction”).
  • the artificial medium 70 is disposed between the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12.
  • the artificial medium 70 includes a dielectric layer 60, a conductive element 51, which is a first conductive element provided on the vehicle exterior side of the dielectric layer 60 facing the dielectric layer 60 in the stacking direction, and the dielectric layer 60.
  • a pair of conductive layers each including a conductive element 52 which is a second conductive element provided inside the vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 shows nine pairs of conductive layers arranged in a two-dimensional periodic arrangement as a configuration example including a plurality of pairs of conductive layers. Note that the arrangement of the pair of conductive layers is not limited to the square arrangement as shown in FIG.
  • the conductive element 51 is disposed between the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 and the dielectric layer 60
  • the conductive element 52 is disposed between the vehicle interior glass plate 12 and the dielectric layer 60. ing.
  • the power feeding element 17 is disposed on the surface of the vehicle interior side glass plate 12 opposite to the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 side (in the case of FIG. 2, the vehicle interior side).
  • the power feeding element 17 includes a power feeding unit 16 and a power feeding element 15 connected to the power feeding unit 16.
  • the power feeding element 17 is disposed at a position where it is electromagnetically coupled to the conductive element 52 closer to the power feeding element 17 than the conductive element 51.
  • the pair of conductive layers including the conductive element 52 that is electromagnetically coupled to the power feeding element 17 may be one, or may be two or more. In the case of FIG.
  • the power feeding element 17 projects the power feeding element 17 onto the vehicle-side glass plate 11 side so that the power feeding element 15 is electromagnetically coupled to the three conductive elements 52 constituting the three pairs of conductive layers.
  • the region 21 is disposed at a position overlapping the three pairs of conductive layers.
  • the power feeding unit 16 is a monopolar electrode provided on the surface of the vehicle interior glass plate 12 opposite to the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 side.
  • the single pole indicates that there is only one power feeding unit, and the ground side power feeding unit is not provided on the vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12. That is, the feed element 17 illustrated in FIG. 2 is a monopole type.
  • the present invention can be applied not only to the monopole type but also to the dipole type.
  • the present inventor By adopting such a configuration, the present inventor generates a current from the electromagnetic field formed between the conductive element 51 and the conductive element 52 of the artificial medium 70 by the power feeding element 17 electromagnetically coupled to the conductive element 52. It has been found that the antenna gain can be improved in a specific direction from the feeding element 17 toward the artificial medium 70 without using a glass antenna as an array antenna. That is, it is possible to improve the antenna gain only in a specific direction outside the vehicle.
  • the mountability of the glass antenna can be improved.
  • the window glass 100 shown in FIG. 2 has a laminated structure in which the artificial medium 70 is arranged in a layer between the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12.
  • the conductive elements 51 and 52 constituting the artificial medium 70 are patch-like conductors.
  • the shape of the conductive elements 51 and 52 is not limited to a square as shown in FIG. 2, but may be changed as appropriate according to the frequency band to be transmitted and received and the required performance.
  • a rectangular shape such as a rectangle or a rhombus, a circular shape, or a polygonal shape such as a triangle may be used.
  • the conductive elements 51 and 52 may be formed of a foil-like body made of a conductive material such as copper, for example, having a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and contains a conductive metal such as a silver paste. It may be formed by printing a paste. In addition, it is not limited to this formation method, Conductive metals, such as silver and platinum, may be formed by a vapor deposition process.
  • the dielectric layer 60 is preferably a substrate having a relative dielectric constant of 2 to 50.
  • it is composed of a thermoplastic resin and a filler.
  • a filler for example, syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) (specific gravity 1.04) is used as the resin plastic resin.
  • SPS syndiotactic polystyrene
  • the filler for example, particles of strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) or mixed particles of strontium titanate and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) are used. In the latter case, the composition ratio is, for example, 3: 7 (SrTiO 3 : BaTiO 3 ).
  • thermoplastic resin and the filler are kneaded by a kneader (or a mixer), and the dielectric layer 60 is formed by pressure molding using a press machine maintained at a high temperature.
  • the substrate is not limited to this, and may be a resin or ceramic substrate having a predetermined relative dielectric constant.
  • the relative dielectric constant is more preferably 4 to 30, and further preferably 10 to 20.
  • the intermediate film 14A is disposed between the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the artificial medium 70, and the intermediate film 14B is disposed between the artificial medium 70 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12.
  • the vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the artificial medium 70 are joined by an intermediate film 14A, and the artificial medium 70 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12 are joined by an intermediate film 14B.
  • the intermediate films 14A and 14B are, for example, thermoplastic polyvinyl butyral.
  • the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of the intermediate films 14A and 14B can be 2.8 or more and 3.0 or less, which is the relative dielectric constant of a general intermediate film of laminated glass.
  • the vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12 are transparent plate-like dielectrics. Further, either one of the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 may be translucent, and both the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 may be translucent.
  • FIG. 3A is a front view (in-vehicle view) of the window glass 100 attached to the window opening of the vehicle body.
  • Reference numerals 41 to 44 denote end portions of a vehicle body flange that form a window opening of the vehicle body.
  • the power feeding unit 16 is provided in a region between the end portion 41 of the vehicle body flange and the pair of conductive layers so that the projection area of the power feeding unit 16 when the power feeding unit 16 is projected from the stacking direction does not overlap the pair of conductive layers. positioned. However, the power feeding unit 16 may be disposed at a position where the projection region of the power feeding unit 16 when the power feeding unit 16 is projected from the stacking direction overlaps the pair of conductive layers.
  • the power feeding element according to the present invention may be disposed at a position where the power feeding element 15 is electromagnetically coupled to the pair of conductive layers. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 3B, the projection region of the power feeding element 15 when the power feeding element 15 is projected from the stacking direction may be in a position that does not overlap the pair of conductive layers.
  • the power feeding element 15 is formed in a straight line.
  • the power feeding element according to the present invention is not limited to the illustrated form (shape, size, etc.) as long as it can extract current by electromagnetic coupling with a pair of conductive layers in a predetermined communication frequency band.
  • Specific examples of the shape of the power feeding element include a loop shape, an L shape, and a lattice shape. Note that the feeding element itself may function as an antenna.
  • the arrangement position of the feeding element 17 and the pair of conductive layers on the glass plate is not particularly limited as long as it is a position suitable for transmission / reception of radio waves in a desired frequency band.
  • the antenna according to this aspect is disposed in the vicinity of the roof side of the vehicle body flange, which is the attachment portion of the vehicle window glass.
  • the antenna of the present invention has a high degree of freedom in antenna design because it hardly affects the antenna gain even when a metal such as a body flange is close to the antenna. Therefore, it may be arranged at a position moved to the right or left from the position shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B so as to approach the end 42 or 44 of the pillar-side body flange. Further, it may be arranged in the vicinity of the end portion 43 of the chassis flange on the chassis side.
  • the longitudinal direction of the power feeding element 15 coincides with the direction orthogonal to the side of the end portion 41 or 43 of the vehicle body flange.
  • the longitudinal direction of the power feeding element 15 does not necessarily have to be orthogonal to the side of the end of the vehicle body flange, and the angle of the longitudinal direction of the power feeding element 15 with respect to that side is not less than 5 ° and less than 90 °. May be.
  • the mounting angle of the window glass with respect to the vehicle is preferably 15 to 90 °, particularly 30 to 90 ° with respect to the horizontal plane (the ground plane) in terms of easy matching and improved radiation efficiency.
  • the power feeding unit 16 is electrically connected to a signal path of an external signal processing device (for example, an in-vehicle amplifier) via a predetermined conductive member.
  • a feed line such as an AV line or a coaxial cable is used.
  • an AV line is used, it is electrically connected to the power supply unit 16.
  • the inner conductor of the coaxial cable may be electrically connected to the power feeding unit 16 and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable may be grounded to the vehicle body.
  • a configuration may be employed in which a connector for electrically connecting a conductive member such as a conductive wire connected to the signal processing device to the power supply unit 16 is mounted on the power supply unit 16.
  • a terminal connected to the signal processing device is installed on the flange of the vehicle body to which the window glass 100 is attached, and a protruding conductive member is mounted on the power supply unit 16, and the protruding conductive member is connected to the terminal. It is good also as a structure which contacts and fits.
  • the shape of the power feeding unit 16 may be determined in consideration of the shape of the conductive member or the mounting surface of the connector. For example, a square shape or a polygonal shape such as a square, a substantially square, a rectangle, or a substantially rectangle is preferable for mounting. It may be a circle such as a circle, a substantially circle, an ellipse, or a substantially ellipse.
  • the power feeding element 17 (the power feeding section 16 and the power feeding element 15) is formed by printing and baking a paste containing a conductive metal such as a silver paste on the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12, for example.
  • a conductive metal such as a silver paste
  • the present invention is not limited to this forming method, and a linear body or a foil-like body made of a conductive material such as copper may be formed on the vehicle inner surface of the vehicle interior glass plate 12. It may be attached with an adhesive or the like.
  • the power feeding unit 16 is formed on the surface of the glass plate between the power feeding unit 16 and the vehicle outer side surface of the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 (in FIG. 3A and 3B on the back side of the sheet).
  • a masking film may be provided.
  • the concealing film include ceramics that are fired bodies such as a black ceramic film. In this case, when viewed from the vehicle exterior side of the window glass, the portion of the power supply portion 16 provided on the masking film by the masking film is not visible from the outside of the vehicle, and the window glass has an excellent design.
  • the antenna of the present invention can be disposed close to the end portion 41 of the vehicle body flange, the feeding element 17 and the artificial element are formed in the region of the concealment film formed along the outer peripheral edge of the vehicle exterior glass plate. It is preferable to arrange all or most of the medium 70 in terms of improving the appearance.
  • FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the window glass 100 along AA shown in FIG. 3A.
  • Reference numeral 45 denotes a vehicle body flange formed to be bent inward from the vehicle body toward the window opening to install the window glass 100.
  • the laminated glass composed of the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 and the vehicle interior glass plate 12 is fixed to the vehicle body flange 45 by an adhesive 46 (or packing).
  • the antenna gain in directions other than the normal direction of the glass plate can be improved, and directivity can be easily controlled.
  • the conductive element 51 is offset in a direction perpendicular to the direction facing the conductive element 52. It has been found that the antenna gain in a specific direction other than the normal direction of the vehicle-side glass plate 11 can be improved by configuring in this way, as shown in Examples described later. That is, it is possible to improve the antenna gain in the direction inclined by the angle ⁇ with respect to the normal direction (the direction of the alternate long and short dash line) of the vehicle exterior glass plate 11.
  • the conductive element 51 is offset with respect to the conductive element 52 in a direction away from the end 41 on the roof side of the vehicle body flange 45.
  • the directivity of the glass antenna (the direction in which the antenna gain is the highest in all directions) is tilted in the direction away from the end 41 with respect to the normal direction of the vehicle-side glass plate 11. Can do.
  • the direction in which the antenna gain is high to the direction in which the communication partner exists good communication quality can be obtained with the communication partner.
  • it is suitable for inter-vehicle communication with surrounding vehicles such as a preceding vehicle, or for road-to-vehicle communication with a roadside communication device such as a communication device for an electronic toll collection system.
  • 5A-5D are sectional views showing variations of the laminated form of the window glass according to the present invention, as in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
  • 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B a medium having conductive elements 51 and 52 facing each other with a dielectric layer interposed therebetween and an intermediate film are disposed between the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12. ing.
  • 4A and 4B show an intermediate film 14A in contact with the surface facing the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 of the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and an intermediate film 14B in contact with the surface facing the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 of the vehicle inner side glass plate 12.
  • An artificial medium composed of conductive elements 51 and 52 facing each other with the dielectric layer 60 interposed therebetween is sandwiched therebetween.
  • the conductive element 51 is coated on the surface of the vehicle-side glass plate 11 by vapor-depositing the conductive element 51 on the surface of the vehicle-side glass plate 11 facing the vehicle-side glass plate 12. It is. Similarly, the conductive element 52 is formed on the surface of the vehicle interior glass plate 12. Alternatively, the conductive element 51 may be embedded in the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 and the conductive element 52 may be embedded in the vehicle interior glass plate 12.
  • FIG. 5A a region where the artificial medium of the intermediate film 14 is arranged is cut out and a dielectric layer 60 is fitted, and the vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12 are laminated. In the formed region, not the intermediate film 14 but the dielectric layer 60 is laminated to form an artificial medium.
  • the conductive elements 51 and 52 may be provided on the dielectric layer 60 instead of the glass plate.
  • FIG. 5B shows a form in which the artificial medium is configured by using the intermediate film 14 itself as the dielectric layer 60.
  • FIG. 5C shows the state where the artificial medium composed of the conductive elements 51 and 52 and the dielectric layer 60 is adhered to the vehicle interior glass plate 12 by the adhesive 38, and the vehicle exterior glass plate 11, vehicle interior glass plate 12, and intermediate film. 14 is laminated.
  • the artificial medium may be adhered to the outside glass plate 11.
  • the window glass according to the present invention may not be laminated glass.
  • a dielectric substrate that is large enough to form the power feeding portion 16 and the power feeding element 15 may be combined with a single glass plate 13 such as tempered glass.
  • FIG. 5D shows an antenna module in which a dielectric substrate 32 on which a feeding portion 16 and a feeding element 15 are formed is bonded to an artificial medium composed of conductive elements 51 and 52 and a dielectric layer 60 via an adhesive layer 39. And the antenna module is bonded to the inner surface of the glass plate 13 with an adhesive 38.
  • the glass plate 13 may be laminated glass, and the antenna module may be bonded to the laminated glass.
  • the dielectric substrate 32 is, for example, a resin substrate.
  • a resin-made printed board for example, a glass epoxy board in which a copper foil is attached to FR4 on which the power feeding unit 16 and the power feeding element 15 are printed can be cited.
  • a glass antenna according to the present invention configured by combining an artificial medium with a glass plate on which a feeding element is formed was numerically calculated on a computer and compared with a conventional glass antenna.
  • 6A and 6B show a glass antenna according to the present invention in which the conductive elements 51 and 52 are not offset.
  • 7A and 7B show a glass antenna according to the present invention in which the conductive element 51 is offset in the Y direction with respect to the conductive element 52.
  • 8A and 8B show a conventional glass antenna without an artificial medium.
  • reference numeral 18 is a ground plane assuming a flange of the vehicle body.
  • the feeding point is an end point of the feeding element 17 on the ground plane 18 side.
  • the glass plate and the intermediate film on the outside of the vehicle are omitted for simplification in numerical calculation.
  • the conductive elements 51 and 52 constituting a pair of conductive layers facing each other with the dielectric layer 60 interposed therebetween are all square patch conductors having the same shape.
  • the distances G2 between the adjacent conductive elements in the X direction and the Y direction are all the same size.
  • the offset amounts G4 of the respective conductive elements 51 are all the same.
  • FIG. 9 to 11 show the directivity simulation results for the frequency 700 MHz in the YZ plane.
  • FIG. 9 is directivity data of the glass antenna according to the present invention in the form of FIGS. 6A and 6B.
  • FIG. 10 is directivity data of the glass antenna according to the present invention in the form of FIGS. 7A and 7B.
  • FIG. 11 is directivity data of the conventional glass antenna in the form of FIGS. 8A and 8B.
  • the Z direction represents the normal direction of the vehicle interior glass plate 12.
  • the positive side in the Z direction corresponds to the inside of the vehicle, and the negative side in the Z direction corresponds to the outside of the vehicle.
  • the Y direction is a direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the vehicle interior glass plate 12 and represents the extending direction of the linear power feeding element 17.
  • the positive side in the Y direction corresponds to the direction away from the roof of the vehicle body (the direction away from the feeding point).
  • the conventional glass antenna has the same antenna gain on the inside and outside of the vehicle as shown in FIG.
  • the glass antenna in the form of FIGS. 6A and 6B improves the antenna gain on the outside of the vehicle with respect to the antenna gain on the inside of the vehicle by providing an artificial medium on the glass plate 12 on the inside of the vehicle, as is apparent from FIG. Can be made.
  • the glass antenna in the form of FIGS. 7A and 7B has a direction in which the antenna gain is highest by offsetting the conductive element 51 with respect to the conductive element 52.
  • the conductive element 51 can be tilted in the direction offset from the conductive element 52 with respect to the normal direction.
  • the direction with the highest antenna gain is tilted by 28 ° with respect to the normal direction of the vehicle interior glass plate 12, and the antenna gain in that direction is improved by 2.5 dB.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a windshield-integrated antenna capable of improving antenna gain in a specific direction even without being an array antenna. This windshield-integrated antenna is a windshield-integrated antenna that is provided upon a glass plate (11) which is attached to a vehicle, and is provided with a glass plate (12), an artificial medium (70) disposed between the glass plate (11) and the glass plate (12), and a feed element (17) disposed upon the opposite side of the artificial medium (70) side of the glass plate (12). The artificial medium (70) has a dielectric layer (60) and a pair of conducting layers configured by conductive elements (51 and 52) which face each other across the dielectric layer (60). The feed element (17) is disposed at a position such that the feed element (17) is electromagnetically coupled to the conductive element (51 or 52) that is nearer to the feed element (17).

Description

ガラスアンテナ及び窓ガラスGlass antenna and window glass
　本発明は、車両に取り付けられるガラス板に設けられるガラスアンテナ、ガラスアンテナが設けられた窓ガラスに関する。 The present invention relates to a glass antenna provided on a glass plate attached to a vehicle, and a window glass provided with the glass antenna.
　近年、ガラスアンテナのニーズは、放送用途のみならず、通信用途にも拡大している。例えば、ＩＴＳ（Intelligent　Transport　Systems：高度道路交通システム）の分野では、車車間通信用や路車間通信用のガラスアンテナの開発が進んでいる。このような通信のひとつであるＥＴＣ通信（Electronic　Toll　Collection　System：ノンストップ自動料金収受システム）に使用できるガラスアンテナの先行技術文献として、例えば特許文献１が挙げられる。 In recent years, the need for glass antennas has expanded not only for broadcasting but also for communications. For example, in the field of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems), glass antennas for vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication are being developed. As a prior art document of a glass antenna that can be used for ETC communication (Electronic Toll Collection System: non-stop automatic toll collection system) which is one of such communications, for example, Patent Document 1 is cited.
日本国特開２００５－２６９６０２号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-269602
　車車間通信用や路車間通信用のガラスアンテナは、精度の高い受信感度が求められるため、電気自動車などのように車内側からのノイズが大きい場合には、車外側のアンテナ利得が高くなるような強い指向性を有するアンテナが必要となる。また、車車間通信等の通信用のガラスアンテナは、放送用途のガラスアンテナに比べて、比較的短い距離で電波を送受するため、特定の方向にアンテナ利得が高くなるような強い指向性を有するアンテナが必要となる。しかしながら、図１に例示されるような従来のガラスアンテナでは、アレイアンテナにするなどの対策をしなければ、アンテナ導体５に流れる電流の方向に対して直角な車内側及び車外側の両方の方向（すなわち、アンテナ導体５が設けられたフロントガラス１の法線方向６，７）に同等の受信感度となり、特定の方向にアンテナ利得を向上させることは難しかった。すなわち、法線方向のうち方向６のみ、または法線方向以外の方向にアンテナ利得を向上させることが難しかった。また、アレイアンテナは、給電点が２ヶ所以上に必要なため、接続工程が煩雑となり、また、アンテナを縦に並べると給電線の配設などが困難となる。 Glass antennas for vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication require high-accuracy reception sensitivity, so that when the noise from the inside of the vehicle is large, such as in an electric vehicle, the antenna gain on the outside of the vehicle increases. An antenna having a strong directivity is required. In addition, glass antennas for communication such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication transmit and receive radio waves at a relatively short distance compared to glass antennas for broadcasting, and thus have a strong directivity that increases the antenna gain in a specific direction. An antenna is required. However, in the conventional glass antenna as illustrated in FIG. 1, both directions inside and outside the vehicle are perpendicular to the direction of the current flowing through the antenna conductor 5 unless measures such as making an array antenna are taken. That is, the reception sensitivity is equivalent to that in the normal directions 6 and 7 of the windshield 1 on which the antenna conductor 5 is provided, and it is difficult to improve the antenna gain in a specific direction. That is, it is difficult to improve the antenna gain only in direction 6 in the normal direction or in directions other than the normal direction. In addition, since the array antenna requires two or more feeding points, the connection process becomes complicated, and if the antennas are arranged vertically, it becomes difficult to arrange feeding lines.
　そこで、本発明は、アレイアンテナでなくても、特定の方向のアンテナ利得を向上できる、ガラスアンテナ及び窓ガラスの提供を目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a glass antenna and a window glass that can improve the antenna gain in a specific direction without using an array antenna.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係るガラスアンテナは、
　車両に取り付けられるガラス板に設けられるガラスアンテナであって、
　誘電体と、前記ガラス板と前記誘電体との間に配置される媒質と、前記誘電体の前記媒質側とは反対側に配置される給電素子とを備え、
　前記媒質は、誘電体層と、該誘電体層を挟んで対向する第１の導電素子と第２の導電素子から構成された一対の導電層とを有し、
　前記給電素子は、前記第１の導電素子と前記第２の導電素子のうち前記給電素子に近い方と電磁結合する位置に配置される、ことを特徴とする、ものである。 In order to achieve the above object, a glass antenna according to the present invention comprises:
A glass antenna provided on a glass plate attached to a vehicle,
A dielectric, a medium disposed between the glass plate and the dielectric, and a feeding element disposed on a side opposite to the medium side of the dielectric,
The medium includes a dielectric layer, and a pair of conductive layers composed of a first conductive element and a second conductive element facing each other with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween.
The power feeding element is disposed at a position where it is electromagnetically coupled to the first conductive element and the second conductive element closer to the power feeding element.
　本発明によれば、アレイアンテナでなくても、特定の方向のアンテナ利得を向上できる。 According to the present invention, the antenna gain in a specific direction can be improved without using an array antenna.
従来のガラスアンテナの指向性を模式的に示した図である。It is the figure which showed typically the directivity of the conventional glass antenna. 本発明の一実施形態である車両用の窓ガラス１００の分解図である。It is an exploded view of the window glass 100 for vehicles which is one Embodiment of this invention. 給電エレメント１５の投影が導電素子５２に重複している窓ガラス１００の正面図（車内視）である。FIG. 6 is a front view (in-vehicle view) of the window glass 100 in which the projection of the power feeding element 15 overlaps the conductive element 52. 給電エレメント１５の投影が導電素子５２に重複していない窓ガラス１００の正面図（車内視）である。FIG. 4 is a front view (in-vehicle view) of the window glass 100 in which the projection of the power feeding element 15 does not overlap the conductive element 52. 本発明の一実施形態であるガラスアンテナの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the glass antenna which is one Embodiment of this invention. 導電素子５１と５２がオフセットしている本発明の他の実施形態であるガラスアンテナの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the glass antenna which is other embodiment of this invention in which the electrically conductive elements 51 and 52 are offset. 車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２に導電素子５１，５２を形成させ、対応する領域の中間膜１４をくり抜いて誘電体層６０を嵌め込んだ形態である。 Conductive elements 51 and 52 are formed on the vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12, and the dielectric film 60 is fitted by cutting out the intermediate film 14 in the corresponding region. 車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２に導電素子５１，５２を形成させ、中間膜１４を誘電体層６０として利用した形態である。In this embodiment, conductive elements 51 and 52 are formed on the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 and the vehicle interior glass plate 12, and the intermediate film 14 is used as the dielectric layer 60. 人工媒質を車内側ガラス板１２に接着した状態で、車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２と中間膜１４とを積層した形態である。The vehicle outside glass plate 11, the vehicle interior glass plate 12, and the intermediate film 14 are laminated with the artificial medium adhered to the vehicle interior glass plate 12. 給電素子が形成された誘電体基板３２と人工媒質とが貼り合わされたアンテナモジュールをガラス板１３に接着した形態である。This is a form in which an antenna module in which a dielectric substrate 32 on which a feed element is formed and an artificial medium are bonded is bonded to a glass plate 13. 本発明の一実施形態であるガラスアンテナの透視図（車内視）である。It is a perspective view (in-vehicle view) of the glass antenna which is one embodiment of the present invention. 図６ＡのＢ－Ｂにおける断面図である。FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 6A. 導電素子５１と５２がオフセットしている本発明の他の実施形態であるガラスアンテナの透視図（車内視）である。It is a perspective view (in-vehicle view) of the glass antenna which is other embodiments of the present invention in which conductive elements 51 and 52 are offset. 図７ＡのＣ－Ｃにおける断面図である。FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 7A. 従来のガラスアンテナの透視図（車内視）である。It is a perspective view (in-vehicle view) of the conventional glass antenna. 図８ＡのＤ－Ｄにおける断面図である。It is sectional drawing in DD of FIG. 8A. 図６Ａ，６Ｂの形態のガラスアンテナの指向性データである。It is the directivity data of the glass antenna of the form of FIG. 6A, 6B. 図７Ａ，７Ｂの形態のガラスアンテナの指向性データである。It is the directivity data of the glass antenna of the form of FIG. 7A, 7B. 図８Ａ，８Ｂの形態の従来のガラスアンテナの指向性データである。It is the directivity data of the conventional glass antenna of the form of FIG. 8A and 8B.
　以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明を実施するための形態の説明を行う。なお、形態を説明するための図面において、方向について特に記載しない場合には図面上での方向をいうものとし、各図面の基準の方向は、記号、数字の方向に対応する。また、平行、直角などの方向は、本発明の効果を損なわない程度のズレを許容するものである。また、本発明は、例えば、車両の前部に取り付けられるフロントガラス、車両の後部に取り付けられるリヤガラス、車両の側部に取り付けられるサイドガラス等の窓ガラスに適用できる。 Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that, in the drawings for explaining the embodiments, when directions are not particularly described, the directions on the drawings are referred to, and the reference directions in the drawings correspond to the directions of symbols and numbers. Further, the directions such as parallel and right angles allow a deviation that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Further, the present invention can be applied to a window glass such as a windshield attached to the front part of the vehicle, a rear glass attached to the rear part of the vehicle, and a side glass attached to the side part of the vehicle.
　図２は、本発明の一実施形態である車両用の窓ガラス１００の分解図である。窓ガラス１００は、車外側に配置される第１のガラス板である車外側ガラス板１１と車内側に配置される第２のガラス板である車内側ガラス板１２とを中間膜１４Ａ、１４Ｂを介して貼り合わされた合わせガラスである。図２は、窓ガラス１００の構成要素を、車外側ガラス板１１（又は、車内側ガラス板１２）の表面の法線方向に分離して示している。 FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a window glass 100 for a vehicle that is an embodiment of the present invention. The window glass 100 includes a vehicle-side glass plate 11 that is a first glass plate disposed on the vehicle exterior side and a vehicle-side glass plate 12 that is a second glass plate disposed on the vehicle interior side through intermediate films 14A and 14B. It is the laminated glass bonded together. FIG. 2 shows the components of the window glass 100 separated in the normal direction of the surface of the vehicle outer glass plate 11 (or vehicle inner glass plate 12).
　窓ガラス１００は、車外側ガラス板１１と、車内側ガラス板１２と、中間膜１４Ａ、１４Ｂと、人工媒質７０と、給電素子１７とを備えている。本発明の人工媒質とは、自然界に存在する物質では実現できない電磁波的な物性を、誘電体と導体との組み合わせにより得た材料をいう（請求項の媒質に相当する）。人工媒質７０を車外側ガラス板１１（請求項のガラス板に相当する）とで挟み込む誘電体として、車内側ガラス板１２（請求項の他のガラス板に相当する）を用いている。図２の場合、車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２は同じ大きさであり、車外側ガラス板１１の外周縁（１１ａ～１１ｄ）と車内側ガラス板１２の外周縁（１２ａ～１２ｄ）とは、車内側ガラス板１２と車外側ガラス板１１とが積層する方向（以下、「積層方向」という）から見たときに形状が一致している。 The window glass 100 includes a vehicle outer side glass plate 11, a vehicle inner side glass plate 12, intermediate films 14 </ b> A and 14 </ b> B, an artificial medium 70, and a power feeding element 17. The artificial medium of the present invention refers to a material obtained by combining an electromagnetic property that cannot be realized by a substance existing in nature by a combination of a dielectric and a conductor (corresponding to the claim medium). The vehicle interior glass plate 12 (corresponding to another glass plate in the claims) is used as a dielectric that sandwiches the artificial medium 70 with the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 (corresponding to the glass plate in claims). In the case of FIG. 2, the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 have the same size, and the outer peripheral edge (11a to 11d) of the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the outer peripheral edge (12a to 12d) of the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 Is identical in shape when viewed from the direction in which the vehicle interior glass plate 12 and the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 are laminated (hereinafter referred to as “stacking direction”).
　人工媒質７０は、車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２との間に配置される。人工媒質７０は、誘電体層６０と、積層方向で誘電体層６０を挟んで対向する誘電体層６０の車外側に設けられた第１の導電素子である導電素子５１と誘電体層６０の車内側に設けられた第２の導電素子である導電素子５２から構成された一対の導電層とを有している。図２には、一対の導電層を複数備える構成例として、２次元周期配列的に配置された９つの一対の導電層が示されている。なお、一対の導電層の配置は、図２のような正方配置したものに限らず、千鳥配置したものでもよく、一対の導体層の数も限定されない。各一対の導電層において、導電素子５１は、車外側ガラス板１１と誘電体層６０との間に配置され、導電素子５２は、車内側ガラス板１２と誘電体層６０との間に配置されている。 The artificial medium 70 is disposed between the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12. The artificial medium 70 includes a dielectric layer 60, a conductive element 51, which is a first conductive element provided on the vehicle exterior side of the dielectric layer 60 facing the dielectric layer 60 in the stacking direction, and the dielectric layer 60. And a pair of conductive layers each including a conductive element 52 which is a second conductive element provided inside the vehicle. FIG. 2 shows nine pairs of conductive layers arranged in a two-dimensional periodic arrangement as a configuration example including a plurality of pairs of conductive layers. Note that the arrangement of the pair of conductive layers is not limited to the square arrangement as shown in FIG. 2, but may be a zigzag arrangement, and the number of the pair of conductor layers is not limited. In each pair of conductive layers, the conductive element 51 is disposed between the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 and the dielectric layer 60, and the conductive element 52 is disposed between the vehicle interior glass plate 12 and the dielectric layer 60. ing.
　給電素子１７は、車内側ガラス板１２の車外側ガラス板１１側とは反対側（図２の場合、車内側）の面に配置される。給電素子１７は、給電部１６と、給電部１６に接続される給電エレメント１５とを備えている。給電素子１７は、導電素子５１よりも給電素子１７に近い導電素子５２と電磁結合する位置に配置される。給電素子１７と電磁結合する導電素子５２を備える一対の導電層は、一つでもよいし、二つ以上あってもよい。図２の場合、給電素子１７は、給電エレメント１５が３つの一対の導電層を構成している３つの導電素子５２に電磁結合するように、給電素子１７の車外側ガラス板１１側への投影領域２１がその３つの一対の導電層に重なる位置に配置されている。 The power feeding element 17 is disposed on the surface of the vehicle interior side glass plate 12 opposite to the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 side (in the case of FIG. 2, the vehicle interior side). The power feeding element 17 includes a power feeding unit 16 and a power feeding element 15 connected to the power feeding unit 16. The power feeding element 17 is disposed at a position where it is electromagnetically coupled to the conductive element 52 closer to the power feeding element 17 than the conductive element 51. The pair of conductive layers including the conductive element 52 that is electromagnetically coupled to the power feeding element 17 may be one, or may be two or more. In the case of FIG. 2, the power feeding element 17 projects the power feeding element 17 onto the vehicle-side glass plate 11 side so that the power feeding element 15 is electromagnetically coupled to the three conductive elements 52 constituting the three pairs of conductive layers. The region 21 is disposed at a position overlapping the three pairs of conductive layers.
　給電部１６は、車内側ガラス板１２の車外側ガラス板１１側とは反対側の面に設けられた単極の電極である。単極とは、給電部が１つしかないことを示しており、接地側の給電部が車外側ガラス板１１および車内側ガラス板１２には設けられていない。すなわち、図２に例示される給電素子１７は、モノポール型である。ただし、本発明は、モノポール型に限らず、ダイポール型にも適用できる。 The power feeding unit 16 is a monopolar electrode provided on the surface of the vehicle interior glass plate 12 opposite to the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 side. The single pole indicates that there is only one power feeding unit, and the ground side power feeding unit is not provided on the vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12. That is, the feed element 17 illustrated in FIG. 2 is a monopole type. However, the present invention can be applied not only to the monopole type but also to the dipole type.
　本発明者は、このような構成を採用することにより、人工媒質７０の導電素子５１と導電素子５２との間に形成された電磁界から、導電素子５２と電磁結合する給電素子１７によって電流を取り出すことができ、ガラスアンテナをアレイアンテナにしなくても、給電素子１７から人工媒質７０に向かう特定の方向でアンテナ利得が向上することを見出した。すなわち、車外側の特定方向のみのアンテナ利得を向上させることが可能となる。 By adopting such a configuration, the present inventor generates a current from the electromagnetic field formed between the conductive element 51 and the conductive element 52 of the artificial medium 70 by the power feeding element 17 electromagnetically coupled to the conductive element 52. It has been found that the antenna gain can be improved in a specific direction from the feeding element 17 toward the artificial medium 70 without using a glass antenna as an array antenna. That is, it is possible to improve the antenna gain only in a specific direction outside the vehicle.
　その結果、電気自動車などで問題となる車内側で発生するノイズの受信感度よりも、車外側の特定方向のアンテナ利得を高めることができるので、車外側の通信相手との間で良好な通信品質が得られる。例えば、電子料金収受システム用通信装置等の路側通信装置との間で路車間通信する場合に好適である。 As a result, it is possible to increase the antenna gain in a specific direction outside the vehicle rather than the reception sensitivity of noise generated inside the vehicle, which is a problem in electric vehicles, etc., so good communication quality with communication partners outside the vehicle Is obtained. For example, it is suitable for road-to-vehicle communication with a roadside communication device such as a communication device for an electronic toll collection system.
　また、人工媒質７０は合わせガラスに封入できるので、ガラスアンテナの実装性を高めることもできる。 Moreover, since the artificial medium 70 can be enclosed in the laminated glass, the mountability of the glass antenna can be improved.
　次に、本発明の実施形態について、更に詳細に説明する。図２に示される窓ガラス１００は、車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２との間に人工媒質７０が層状に配置される積層構造を有している。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail. The window glass 100 shown in FIG. 2 has a laminated structure in which the artificial medium 70 is arranged in a layer between the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12.
　人工媒質７０を構成する導電素子５１，５２は、パッチ状の導体である。導電素子５１，５２の形状は、図２のような正方形に限らず、送受信する周波数帯や要求される性能に応じて寸法、形状など適宜変更される。例えば、長方形や菱形等の方形状でもよいし、円状でもよいし、三角形等の多角形状でもよい。 The conductive elements 51 and 52 constituting the artificial medium 70 are patch-like conductors. The shape of the conductive elements 51 and 52 is not limited to a square as shown in FIG. 2, but may be changed as appropriate according to the frequency band to be transmitted and received and the required performance. For example, a rectangular shape such as a rectangle or a rhombus, a circular shape, or a polygonal shape such as a triangle may be used.
　また、導電素子５１，５２は、銅等の導電性物質からなる、例えば、厚さ５μｍ～５０μｍ程度の箔状体によって形成されてもよく、また、銀ペースト等の、導電性金属を含有するペーストをプリントして形成されてもよい。なお、この形成方法に限定されず、銀、白金等の導電性金属を蒸着処理によって形成されてもよい。 The conductive elements 51 and 52 may be formed of a foil-like body made of a conductive material such as copper, for example, having a thickness of about 5 μm to 50 μm, and contains a conductive metal such as a silver paste. It may be formed by printing a paste. In addition, it is not limited to this formation method, Conductive metals, such as silver and platinum, may be formed by a vapor deposition process.
　誘電体層６０は、好ましくは比誘電率が２～５０の基板である。例えば熱可塑性樹脂とフィラーとにより構成される。樹脂可塑性樹脂には、例えば、シンジオタクティックポリスチレン（ＳＰＳ）（比重１．０４）が使用される。また、フィラーには、たとえば、チタン酸ストロンチウム（ＳｒＴｉＯ３）の粒子、またはチタン酸ストロンチウムとチタン酸バリウム（ＢａＴｉＯ３）の混合粒子が使用される。後者の場合、組成比は、例えば、３：７（ＳｒＴｉＯ３：ＢａＴｉＯ３）である。熱可塑性樹脂とフィラーは混練機（またはミキサー）により混練され、高温に保持したプレス機を用いて加圧成形することにより誘電体層６０が成形される。しかし、これに限定されず、所定の比誘電率を有する樹脂製またはセラミック製の基板であってもよい。なお、比誘電率は、より好ましくは４～３０であり、さらに好ましくは１０～２０である。 The dielectric layer 60 is preferably a substrate having a relative dielectric constant of 2 to 50. For example, it is composed of a thermoplastic resin and a filler. For example, syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) (specific gravity 1.04) is used as the resin plastic resin. For the filler, for example, particles of strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) or mixed particles of strontium titanate and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) are used. In the latter case, the composition ratio is, for example, 3: 7 (SrTiO 3 : BaTiO 3 ). The thermoplastic resin and the filler are kneaded by a kneader (or a mixer), and the dielectric layer 60 is formed by pressure molding using a press machine maintained at a high temperature. However, the substrate is not limited to this, and may be a resin or ceramic substrate having a predetermined relative dielectric constant. The relative dielectric constant is more preferably 4 to 30, and further preferably 10 to 20.
　車外側ガラス板１１と人工媒質７０との間には、中間膜１４Ａが配置され、人工媒質７０と車内側ガラス板１２との間には、中間膜１４Ｂが配置される。車外側ガラス板１１と人工媒質７０は、中間膜１４Ａによって接合され、人工媒質７０と車内側ガラス板１２は、中間膜１４Ｂによって接合される。中間膜１４Ａ，１４Ｂは、例えば、熱可塑性のポリビニルブチラールである。中間膜１４Ａ，１４Ｂの比誘電率εｒは、合わせガラスの一般的な中間膜の比誘電率である２．８以上３．０以下が適用できる。 The intermediate film 14A is disposed between the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the artificial medium 70, and the intermediate film 14B is disposed between the artificial medium 70 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12. The vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the artificial medium 70 are joined by an intermediate film 14A, and the artificial medium 70 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12 are joined by an intermediate film 14B. The intermediate films 14A and 14B are, for example, thermoplastic polyvinyl butyral. The relative dielectric constant εr of the intermediate films 14A and 14B can be 2.8 or more and 3.0 or less, which is the relative dielectric constant of a general intermediate film of laminated glass.
　車外側ガラス板１１および車内側ガラス板１２は、透明な板状の誘電体である。また、車外側ガラス板１１および車内側ガラス板１２のいずれか一方が半透明でもよいし、車外側ガラス板１１および車内側ガラス板１２の両方が半透明でもよい。 The vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12 are transparent plate-like dielectrics. Further, either one of the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 may be translucent, and both the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 may be translucent.
　図３Ａは、車体の窓開口部に取り付けられた窓ガラス１００の正面図（車内視）である。４１～４４は、車体の窓開口部を形成する車体フランジの端部である。給電部１６は、積層方向から給電部１６を投影したときの給電部１６の投影領域が一対の導電層に重ならないように、車体フランジの端部４１と一対の導電層との間の領域に位置している。しかしながら、給電部１６は、積層方向から給電部１６を投影したときの給電部１６の投影領域が一対の導電層に重なる位置に配置されてもよい。 FIG. 3A is a front view (in-vehicle view) of the window glass 100 attached to the window opening of the vehicle body. Reference numerals 41 to 44 denote end portions of a vehicle body flange that form a window opening of the vehicle body. The power feeding unit 16 is provided in a region between the end portion 41 of the vehicle body flange and the pair of conductive layers so that the projection area of the power feeding unit 16 when the power feeding unit 16 is projected from the stacking direction does not overlap the pair of conductive layers. positioned. However, the power feeding unit 16 may be disposed at a position where the projection region of the power feeding unit 16 when the power feeding unit 16 is projected from the stacking direction overlaps the pair of conductive layers.
　本発明に係る給電素子は、給電エレメント１５が一対の導電層と電磁結合する位置に配置されていればよい。したがって、例えば図３Ｂに示されるように、積層方向から給電エレメント１５を投影したときの給電エレメント１５の投影領域が一対の導電層に重ならない位置にあってもよい。 The power feeding element according to the present invention may be disposed at a position where the power feeding element 15 is electromagnetically coupled to the pair of conductive layers. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 3B, the projection region of the power feeding element 15 when the power feeding element 15 is projected from the stacking direction may be in a position that does not overlap the pair of conductive layers.
　図３Ａの場合、給電エレメント１５は、直線状に形成されている。しかしながら、本発明に係る給電エレメントは、所定の通信周波数帯で一対の導電層と電磁結合して電流を取り出せる限り、図示の形態（形状、寸法など）に限られない。給電エレメントの形状の具体例として、ループ状、Ｌ字状、格子状などが挙げられる。なお、給電エレメント自体もアンテナとして機能してよい。 In the case of FIG. 3A, the power feeding element 15 is formed in a straight line. However, the power feeding element according to the present invention is not limited to the illustrated form (shape, size, etc.) as long as it can extract current by electromagnetic coupling with a pair of conductive layers in a predetermined communication frequency band. Specific examples of the shape of the power feeding element include a loop shape, an L shape, and a lattice shape. Note that the feeding element itself may function as an antenna.
　また、給電素子１７及び一対の導電層のガラス板上の配置位置は、所望の周波数帯の電波の送受に適した位置であれば、特に限定されない。例えば、図３Ａ，３Ｂの場合、本態様のアンテナは、車両用窓ガラスの取り付け部位である車体フランジのルーフ側の近傍に配置されている。本発明のアンテナは、車体フランジのような金属が近接していてもアンテナ利得にほとんど影響しないので、アンテナ設計の自由度が高い。よって、ピラー側の車体フランジの端部４２又は４４に近づくように、図３Ａ，３Ｂに示す位置から右方又は左方に移動した位置に配置されてもよい。また、シャーシー側の車体フランジの端部４３の近傍に配置されてもよい。 Further, the arrangement position of the feeding element 17 and the pair of conductive layers on the glass plate is not particularly limited as long as it is a position suitable for transmission / reception of radio waves in a desired frequency band. For example, in the case of FIGS. 3A and 3B, the antenna according to this aspect is disposed in the vicinity of the roof side of the vehicle body flange, which is the attachment portion of the vehicle window glass. The antenna of the present invention has a high degree of freedom in antenna design because it hardly affects the antenna gain even when a metal such as a body flange is close to the antenna. Therefore, it may be arranged at a position moved to the right or left from the position shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B so as to approach the end 42 or 44 of the pillar-side body flange. Further, it may be arranged in the vicinity of the end portion 43 of the chassis flange on the chassis side.
　図３Ａの場合、給電エレメント１５の長手方向は、車体フランジの端部４１又は４３の辺に直交する方向に一致する。しかしながら、給電エレメント１５の長手方向は、車体フランジの端部の辺に対して必ずしも直交していなくてもよく、その辺に対する給電エレメント１５の長手方向の角度が、５°以上９０°未満であってもよい。 In the case of FIG. 3A, the longitudinal direction of the power feeding element 15 coincides with the direction orthogonal to the side of the end portion 41 or 43 of the vehicle body flange. However, the longitudinal direction of the power feeding element 15 does not necessarily have to be orthogonal to the side of the end of the vehicle body flange, and the angle of the longitudinal direction of the power feeding element 15 with respect to that side is not less than 5 ° and less than 90 °. May be.
　車両に対する窓ガラスの取り付け角度は、マッチング容易性及び放射効率向上の点で、水平面（地平面）に対し、１５～９０°、特には、３０～９０°が好ましい。 The mounting angle of the window glass with respect to the vehicle is preferably 15 to 90 °, particularly 30 to 90 ° with respect to the horizontal plane (the ground plane) in terms of easy matching and improved radiation efficiency.
　給電部１６は、外部の信号処理装置（例えば、車載アンプ）の信号経路に所定の導電性部材を介して電気的に接続される。この導電性部材として、例えば、ＡＶ線や同軸ケーブルなどの給電線が用いられる。ＡＶ線を用いる場合には給電部１６に電気的に接続する。同軸ケーブルを用いる場合には、同軸ケーブルの内部導体を給電部１６に電気的に接続し、同軸ケーブルの外部導体を車体にアース接続すればよい。また、信号処理装置に接続されている導線等の導電性部材を給電部１６に電気的に接続するためのコネクタを、給電部１６に実装する構成を採用してもよい。このようなコネクタによって、ＡＶ線や同軸ケーブルの内部導体を給電部１６に取り付けることが容易になる。また、窓ガラス１００が取り付けられる車体のフランジに信号処理装置に接続される端子を設置し、給電部１６に突起状の導電性部材を実装して、この突起状の導電性部材がこの端子に接触、嵌合するような構成としてもよい。 The power feeding unit 16 is electrically connected to a signal path of an external signal processing device (for example, an in-vehicle amplifier) via a predetermined conductive member. As this conductive member, for example, a feed line such as an AV line or a coaxial cable is used. When an AV line is used, it is electrically connected to the power supply unit 16. When a coaxial cable is used, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable may be electrically connected to the power feeding unit 16 and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable may be grounded to the vehicle body. In addition, a configuration may be employed in which a connector for electrically connecting a conductive member such as a conductive wire connected to the signal processing device to the power supply unit 16 is mounted on the power supply unit 16. With such a connector, it becomes easy to attach the inner conductor of the AV line or the coaxial cable to the power feeding unit 16. In addition, a terminal connected to the signal processing device is installed on the flange of the vehicle body to which the window glass 100 is attached, and a protruding conductive member is mounted on the power supply unit 16, and the protruding conductive member is connected to the terminal. It is good also as a structure which contacts and fits.
　給電部１６の形状は、上記の導電性部材又はコネクタの実装面の形状等を考慮して決めるとよい。例えば、正方形、略正方形、長方形、略長方形などの方形状や多角形状が実装上好ましい。なお、円、略円、楕円、略楕円などの円状でもよい。 The shape of the power feeding unit 16 may be determined in consideration of the shape of the conductive member or the mounting surface of the connector. For example, a square shape or a polygonal shape such as a square, a substantially square, a rectangle, or a substantially rectangle is preferable for mounting. It may be a circle such as a circle, a substantially circle, an ellipse, or a substantially ellipse.
　また、給電素子１７（給電部１６及び給電エレメント１５）は、銀ペースト等の、導電性金属を含有するペーストを、例えば車内側ガラス板１２の車内側表面にプリントし、焼付けて形成される。しかし、この形成方法に限定されず、銅等の導電性物質からなる、線状体又は箔状体を、車内側ガラス板１２の車内側表面に形成してもよく、車内側ガラス板１２に接着剤等により貼付してもよい。 Further, the power feeding element 17 (the power feeding section 16 and the power feeding element 15) is formed by printing and baking a paste containing a conductive metal such as a silver paste on the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12, for example. However, the present invention is not limited to this forming method, and a linear body or a foil-like body made of a conductive material such as copper may be formed on the vehicle inner surface of the vehicle interior glass plate 12. It may be attached with an adhesive or the like.
　また、給電部１６を車外側から見えなくするために、給電部１６と（図３Ａ，３Ｂにおいて、紙面奥側の）車外側ガラス板１１の車外側表面との間のガラス板の面に形成される隠蔽膜を設けてもよい。隠蔽膜は黒色セラミックス膜等の焼成体であるセラミックスが挙げられる。この場合、窓ガラスの車外側から見ると、隠蔽膜により隠蔽膜上に設けられている給電部１６の部分が車外から見えなくなり、デザインの優れた窓ガラスとなる。さらに、本発明のアンテナは、車体フランジの端部４１に近接させて配置すること可能であるため、車外側ガラス板の外周縁に沿って形成された隠蔽膜の領域内に給電素子１７及び人工媒質７０の全部又は大部分を配置させることが外観を向上させる点で、好適である。 Further, in order to make the power feeding unit 16 invisible from the outside of the vehicle, it is formed on the surface of the glass plate between the power feeding unit 16 and the vehicle outer side surface of the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 (in FIG. 3A and 3B on the back side of the sheet). A masking film may be provided. Examples of the concealing film include ceramics that are fired bodies such as a black ceramic film. In this case, when viewed from the vehicle exterior side of the window glass, the portion of the power supply portion 16 provided on the masking film by the masking film is not visible from the outside of the vehicle, and the window glass has an excellent design. Furthermore, since the antenna of the present invention can be disposed close to the end portion 41 of the vehicle body flange, the feeding element 17 and the artificial element are formed in the region of the concealment film formed along the outer peripheral edge of the vehicle exterior glass plate. It is preferable to arrange all or most of the medium 70 in terms of improving the appearance.
　図４Ａは、図３Ａに示したＡ－Ａにおける窓ガラス１００の断面図である。４５は、車体から窓開口部に向かって内側に折れ曲がって窓ガラス１００を設置するために形成された車体フランジである。車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２で構成される合わせガラスは、接着剤４６（又は、パッキン）によって車体フランジ４５に固定される。 FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the window glass 100 along AA shown in FIG. 3A. Reference numeral 45 denotes a vehicle body flange formed to be bent inward from the vehicle body toward the window opening to install the window glass 100. The laminated glass composed of the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 and the vehicle interior glass plate 12 is fixed to the vehicle body flange 45 by an adhesive 46 (or packing).
　また、導電素子５１と導電素子５２との位置関係を変化させることで、ガラス板の法線方向以外の方向のアンテナ利得を向上させ、容易に指向性を制御できる。図４Ｂに示されるように、導電素子５１は、導電素子５２と対向する方向に対して直角な方向にオフセットさせる。このように構成することで、後述の実施例で示されるように、車外側ガラス板１１の法線方向以外の特定の方向のアンテナ利得を向上できることを見出した。すなわち、車外側ガラス板１１の法線方向（一点鎖線の方向）に対して角度θ傾いた方向のアンテナ利得を向上させることができる。 Also, by changing the positional relationship between the conductive element 51 and the conductive element 52, the antenna gain in directions other than the normal direction of the glass plate can be improved, and directivity can be easily controlled. As shown in FIG. 4B, the conductive element 51 is offset in a direction perpendicular to the direction facing the conductive element 52. It has been found that the antenna gain in a specific direction other than the normal direction of the vehicle-side glass plate 11 can be improved by configuring in this way, as shown in Examples described later. That is, it is possible to improve the antenna gain in the direction inclined by the angle θ with respect to the normal direction (the direction of the alternate long and short dash line) of the vehicle exterior glass plate 11.
　図４Ｂの場合、導電素子５１は、車体フランジ４５のルーフ側の端部４１から離れる方向に、導電素子５２に対してオフセットしている。このようにオフセットすることで、ガラスアンテナの指向性（全方向のうちアンテナ利得の一番高い方向）を、車外側ガラス板１１の法線方向に対して、端部４１から離れる方向に傾けることができる。 4B, the conductive element 51 is offset with respect to the conductive element 52 in a direction away from the end 41 on the roof side of the vehicle body flange 45. By offsetting in this way, the directivity of the glass antenna (the direction in which the antenna gain is the highest in all directions) is tilted in the direction away from the end 41 with respect to the normal direction of the vehicle-side glass plate 11. Can do.
　その結果、アンテナ利得の高い方向を通信相手の存在する方向に合うように調整することで、その通信相手との間で良好な通信品質が得られる。例えば、先行車両等の周辺車両との間で車車間通信する場合や、電子料金収受システム用通信装置等の路側通信装置との間で路車間通信する場合に好適である。 As a result, by adjusting the direction in which the antenna gain is high to the direction in which the communication partner exists, good communication quality can be obtained with the communication partner. For example, it is suitable for inter-vehicle communication with surrounding vehicles such as a preceding vehicle, or for road-to-vehicle communication with a roadside communication device such as a communication device for an electronic toll collection system.
　図５Ａ－５Ｄは、図４Ａ，４Ｂと同様に、本発明に係る窓ガラスが有する積層形態のバリエーションを示した断面図である。図４Ａ，４Ｂ，５Ａ，５Ｂの場合、車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２の間に、誘電体層を挟んで対向する導電素子５１，５２を有する媒質と、中間膜とが配置されている。 5A-5D are sectional views showing variations of the laminated form of the window glass according to the present invention, as in FIGS. 4A and 4B. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B, a medium having conductive elements 51 and 52 facing each other with a dielectric layer interposed therebetween and an intermediate film are disposed between the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and the vehicle inner side glass plate 12. ing.
　図４Ａ，４Ｂは、車外側ガラス板１１の車内側ガラス板１２との対向面に接した中間膜１４Ａと車内側ガラス板１２の車外側ガラス板１１との対向面に接する中間膜１４Ｂとの間に、誘電体層６０を挟んで対向する導電素子５１，５２から構成された人工媒質が挟まれた形態である。 4A and 4B show an intermediate film 14A in contact with the surface facing the vehicle inner side glass plate 12 of the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 and an intermediate film 14B in contact with the surface facing the vehicle outer side glass plate 11 of the vehicle inner side glass plate 12. An artificial medium composed of conductive elements 51 and 52 facing each other with the dielectric layer 60 interposed therebetween is sandwiched therebetween.
　図５Ａ，５Ｂは、車外側ガラス板１１の車内側ガラス板１２との対向面に、導電素子５１が蒸着処理されることによって、車外側ガラス板１１の表面に導電素子５１がコーティングされた形態である。導電素子５２についても同様に車内側ガラス板１２の表面に形成される。また、導電素子５１を車外側ガラス板１１に埋め込み、導電素子５２を車内側ガラス板１２に埋め込んでもよい。図５Ａは、中間膜１４の人工媒質を配置する領域をくり抜いて誘電体層６０を嵌め込んで、車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２とで積層されており、導電素子５１，５２が形成された領域には中間膜１４ではなく誘電体層６０が積層されて人工媒質が構成された形態である。なお、ガラス板ではなく誘電体層６０に導電素子５１，５２を設けてもよい。図５Ｂは、中間膜１４そのものを誘電体層６０として利用することによって人工媒質が構成された形態である。 5A and 5B, the conductive element 51 is coated on the surface of the vehicle-side glass plate 11 by vapor-depositing the conductive element 51 on the surface of the vehicle-side glass plate 11 facing the vehicle-side glass plate 12. It is. Similarly, the conductive element 52 is formed on the surface of the vehicle interior glass plate 12. Alternatively, the conductive element 51 may be embedded in the vehicle exterior glass plate 11 and the conductive element 52 may be embedded in the vehicle interior glass plate 12. In FIG. 5A, a region where the artificial medium of the intermediate film 14 is arranged is cut out and a dielectric layer 60 is fitted, and the vehicle-side glass plate 11 and the vehicle-side glass plate 12 are laminated. In the formed region, not the intermediate film 14 but the dielectric layer 60 is laminated to form an artificial medium. The conductive elements 51 and 52 may be provided on the dielectric layer 60 instead of the glass plate. FIG. 5B shows a form in which the artificial medium is configured by using the intermediate film 14 itself as the dielectric layer 60.
　図５Ｃは、導電素子５１，５２と誘電体層６０から構成された人工媒質を車内側ガラス板１２に接着剤３８によって接着した状態で、車外側ガラス板１１と車内側ガラス板１２と中間膜１４とを積層した形態である。人工媒質は車外側ガラス板１１に接着させてもよい。 FIG. 5C shows the state where the artificial medium composed of the conductive elements 51 and 52 and the dielectric layer 60 is adhered to the vehicle interior glass plate 12 by the adhesive 38, and the vehicle exterior glass plate 11, vehicle interior glass plate 12, and intermediate film. 14 is laminated. The artificial medium may be adhered to the outside glass plate 11.
　また、本発明に係る窓ガラスは、合わせガラスでなくてもよい。例えば、図５Ｄに示されるように、給電部１６と給電エレメント１５を形成できる程度の大きさの誘電体基板を、強化ガラスなどの一枚のガラス板１３に組み合わせたものでもよい。 Further, the window glass according to the present invention may not be laminated glass. For example, as shown in FIG. 5D, a dielectric substrate that is large enough to form the power feeding portion 16 and the power feeding element 15 may be combined with a single glass plate 13 such as tempered glass.
　図５Ｄは、導電素子５１，５２と誘電体層６０から構成された人工媒質に、給電部１６と給電エレメント１５が形成された誘電体基板３２を、接着層３９を介して貼り合わされたアンテナモジュールを作成し、アンテナモジュールを接着剤３８によってガラス板１３の車内側の表面に接着して構成された形態である。なお、ガラス板１３は合わせガラスであってもよく、アンテナモジュールを合わせガラスに接着してよい。 FIG. 5D shows an antenna module in which a dielectric substrate 32 on which a feeding portion 16 and a feeding element 15 are formed is bonded to an artificial medium composed of conductive elements 51 and 52 and a dielectric layer 60 via an adhesive layer 39. And the antenna module is bonded to the inner surface of the glass plate 13 with an adhesive 38. The glass plate 13 may be laminated glass, and the antenna module may be bonded to the laminated glass.
　誘電体基板３２は、例えば樹脂製の基板である。具体例として、給電部１６と給電エレメント１５がプリントされた樹脂製のプリント基板（例えば、ＦＲ４に銅箔を取り付けたガラスエポキシ基板）が挙げられる。 The dielectric substrate 32 is, for example, a resin substrate. As a specific example, a resin-made printed board (for example, a glass epoxy board in which a copper foil is attached to FR4) on which the power feeding unit 16 and the power feeding element 15 are printed can be cited.
　給電素子が形成されたガラス板に人工媒質を組み合わせて構成された本発明に係るガラスアンテナを、コンピュータ上で数値計算を行って、従来のガラスアンテナと比較した。図６Ａ，６Ｂは、導電素子５１と５２がオフセットしていない形態の本発明に係るガラスアンテナである。図７Ａ，７Ｂは、導電素子５１が導電素子５２に対してＹ方向にオフセットしている形態の本発明に係るガラスアンテナである。図８Ａ，８Ｂは，人工媒質の無い従来のガラスアンテナである。各図において、参照符号１８は、車体のフランジを想定したグランドプレーンである。給電点は、給電素子１７のグランドプレーン１８側の端点である。また、数値計算上、簡単化のため、車外側のガラス板と中間膜は省略している。また、誘電体層６０を挟んで対向する一対の導電層を構成する導電素子５１，５２は、全て同一形状の正方形のパッチ状導体とした。隣接する導電素子間のＸ方向及びＹ方向の距離Ｇ２は、全て同一寸法とした。また、図７Ｂにおいて、各導電素子５１のオフセット量Ｇ４は、全て同一である。 A glass antenna according to the present invention configured by combining an artificial medium with a glass plate on which a feeding element is formed was numerically calculated on a computer and compared with a conventional glass antenna. 6A and 6B show a glass antenna according to the present invention in which the conductive elements 51 and 52 are not offset. 7A and 7B show a glass antenna according to the present invention in which the conductive element 51 is offset in the Y direction with respect to the conductive element 52. 8A and 8B show a conventional glass antenna without an artificial medium. In each figure, reference numeral 18 is a ground plane assuming a flange of the vehicle body. The feeding point is an end point of the feeding element 17 on the ground plane 18 side. In addition, the glass plate and the intermediate film on the outside of the vehicle are omitted for simplification in numerical calculation. The conductive elements 51 and 52 constituting a pair of conductive layers facing each other with the dielectric layer 60 interposed therebetween are all square patch conductors having the same shape. The distances G2 between the adjacent conductive elements in the X direction and the Y direction are all the same size. In FIG. 7B, the offset amounts G4 of the respective conductive elements 51 are all the same.
　各図において、各部の寸法は、単位をｍｍとすると、
　Ｌ１：６９
　Ｌ２：５０
　Ｌ３：７０
　Ｗ１：２
　Ｗ２：５０
　Ｗ３：１４０
　Ｇ１：１
　Ｇ２：５
　Ｇ３：５
　Ｇ４：５
　Ｔ１：３
　Ｔ２：２
　給電素子１７の厚さ：０．０１
　グランドプレーン１８の厚さ：０．０１
　導電素子５１の厚さ：０．０１
　導電素子５２の厚さ：０．０１
とした。また、車内側ガラス板１２の比誘電率を７、誘電体層６０の比誘電率を１６とした。 In each figure, the dimensions of each part are expressed in units of mm.
L1: 69
L2: 50
L3: 70
W1: 2
W2: 50
W3: 140
G1: 1
G2: 5
G3: 5
G4: 5
T1: 3
T2: 2
Thickness of the feeding element 17: 0.01
Thickness of ground plane 18: 0.01
Conductive element 51 thickness: 0.01
Conductive element 52 thickness: 0.01
It was. In addition, the relative dielectric constant of the vehicle interior glass plate 12 was 7 and the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 60 was 16.
　図９～１１は、ＹＺ平面における周波数７００ＭＨｚについての指向性のシミュレーション結果を示す。図９は、図６Ａ，６Ｂの形態の本発明に係るガラスアンテナの指向性データである。図１０は、図７Ａ，７Ｂの形態の本発明に係るガラスアンテナの指向性データである。図１１は、図８Ａ，８Ｂの形態の従来のガラスアンテナの指向性データである。 9 to 11 show the directivity simulation results for the frequency 700 MHz in the YZ plane. FIG. 9 is directivity data of the glass antenna according to the present invention in the form of FIGS. 6A and 6B. FIG. 10 is directivity data of the glass antenna according to the present invention in the form of FIGS. 7A and 7B. FIG. 11 is directivity data of the conventional glass antenna in the form of FIGS. 8A and 8B.
　各図において、Ｚ方向は、車内側ガラス板１２の法線方向を表す。Ｚ方向の正側が、車内側に相当し、Ｚ方向の負側が、車外側に相当する。また、Ｙ方向は、車内側ガラス板１２の法線方向に直角な方向であって、直線状の給電素子１７の延伸方向を表す。Ｙ方向の正側が、車体のルーフから離れる向き（給電点から離れる向き）に相当する。 In each figure, the Z direction represents the normal direction of the vehicle interior glass plate 12. The positive side in the Z direction corresponds to the inside of the vehicle, and the negative side in the Z direction corresponds to the outside of the vehicle. The Y direction is a direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the vehicle interior glass plate 12 and represents the extending direction of the linear power feeding element 17. The positive side in the Y direction corresponds to the direction away from the roof of the vehicle body (the direction away from the feeding point).
　図８Ａ，８Ｂの形態の従来のガラスアンテナは、図１１に示すように、車内側と車外側に同一のアンテナ利得が得られる結果となっている。それに対して図６Ａ，６Ｂの形態のガラスアンテナは、図９から明らかなように、車内側ガラス板１２に人工媒質を設けることにより、車内側のアンテナ利得に対して車外側のアンテナ利得を向上させることができる。また、図７Ａ，７Ｂの形態のガラスアンテナは、図１０から明らかなように、導電素子５１を導電素子５２に対してオフセットすることにより、アンテナ利得が一番高い方向を、車内側ガラス板１２の法線方向に対して導電素子５１を導電素子５２に対してオフセットした方向にチルトできる。図１０の結果では、アンテナ利得が一番高い方向が車内側ガラス板１２の法線方向に対して２８°チルトされ、その方向のアンテナ利得が２．５ｄＢ向上した。 8A and 8B, the conventional glass antenna has the same antenna gain on the inside and outside of the vehicle as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the glass antenna in the form of FIGS. 6A and 6B improves the antenna gain on the outside of the vehicle with respect to the antenna gain on the inside of the vehicle by providing an artificial medium on the glass plate 12 on the inside of the vehicle, as is apparent from FIG. Can be made. Further, as is apparent from FIG. 10, the glass antenna in the form of FIGS. 7A and 7B has a direction in which the antenna gain is highest by offsetting the conductive element 51 with respect to the conductive element 52. The conductive element 51 can be tilted in the direction offset from the conductive element 52 with respect to the normal direction. In the result of FIG. 10, the direction with the highest antenna gain is tilted by 28 ° with respect to the normal direction of the vehicle interior glass plate 12, and the antenna gain in that direction is improved by 2.5 dB.
　本出願を詳細にまた特定の実施態様を参照して説明したが、本発明の精神と範囲を逸脱することなく様々な変更や修正を加えることができることは当業者にとって明らかである。
　本出願は、２０１１年５月１０日出願の日本特許出願（特願２０１１-１０４８１８）に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。 Although this application has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
This application is based on a Japanese patent application filed on May 10, 2011 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-104818), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
　１　フロントガラス
　５　アンテナ導体
　６，７　法線方向
　１１　車外側ガラス板
　１１ａ～１１ｄ　車外側ガラス板の外周縁
　１２　車内側ガラス板
　１２ａ～１２ｄ　車内側ガラス板の外周縁
　１３　ガラス板
　１４，１４Ａ，１４Ｂ　中間膜
　１５　給電エレメント
　１６　給電部
　１７　給電素子
　１８　グランドプレーン
　２１　投影領域
　３２　誘電体基板
　３８　接着剤
　３９　接着層
　４１　ルーフ側の車体フランジの端部
　４２，４４　ピラー側の車体フランジの端部
　４３　シャーシー側の車体フランジの端部
　４５　車体フランジ
　４６　接着剤（又は、パッキン）
　５１，５２　導電素子
　６０　誘電体層
　７０　人工媒質
　１００　窓ガラス DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Front glass 5 Antenna conductor 6,7 Normal direction 11 Car outer side glass plate 11a-11d Outer peripheral edge of car outer side glass plate 12 Car inner side glass plate 12a-12d Outer peripheral edge of car inner side glass plate 13 Glass plates 14, 14A, 14B Intermediate film 15 Feeding element 16 Feeding part 17 Feeding element 18 Ground plane 21 Projection area 32 Dielectric substrate 38 Adhesive 39 Adhesive layer 41 End part of body flange on roof side 42, 44 End part of body flange on pillar side 43 Chassis side End of body flange 45 Body flange 46 Adhesive (or packing)
51, 52 Conductive element 60 Dielectric layer 70 Artificial medium 100 Window glass

Claims (6)

  1. 　車両に取り付けられるガラス板に設けられるガラスアンテナであって、
    　誘電体と、前記ガラス板と前記誘電体との間に配置される媒質と、前記誘電体の前記媒質側とは反対側に配置される給電素子とを備え、
    　前記媒質は、誘電体層と、該誘電体層を挟んで対向する第１の導電素子と第２の導電素子から構成された一対の導電層とを有し、
    　前記給電素子は、前記第１の導電素子と前記第２の導電素子のうち前記給電素子に近い方と電磁結合する位置に配置される、ことを特徴とする、ガラスアンテナ。     A glass antenna provided on a glass plate attached to a vehicle,
    A dielectric, a medium disposed between the glass plate and the dielectric, and a feeding element disposed on a side opposite to the medium side of the dielectric,
    The medium includes a dielectric layer, and a pair of conductive layers composed of a first conductive element and a second conductive element facing each other with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween.
    The glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein the power feeding element is disposed at a position electromagnetically coupled to the first conductive element and the second conductive element closer to the power feeding element.
  2. 　前記給電素子は、該給電素子を前記ガラス板側に投影すると前記一対の導電層に重なる位置に配置される、請求項１に記載のガラスアンテナ。 The glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feeding element is disposed at a position overlapping the pair of conductive layers when the feeding element is projected onto the glass plate side.
  3. 　前記第１の導電素子は、前記第２の導電素子と対向する方向に対して直角な方向にオフセットして配置された、請求項１又は２に記載のガラスアンテナ。 The glass antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first conductive element is arranged to be offset in a direction perpendicular to a direction facing the second conductive element.
  4. 　前記一対の導電層を複数備える、請求項１から３のいずれか一項に記載のガラスアンテナ。 The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a plurality of the pair of conductive layers.
  5. 　前記誘電体は、前記ガラス板と異なる他のガラス板であり、前記ガラス板と前記他のガラス板との間に中間膜を備える請求項１から４のいずれか一項に記載のガラスアンテナ。 The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dielectric is another glass plate different from the glass plate, and an intermediate film is provided between the glass plate and the other glass plate.
  6. 　請求項１から５のいずれか一項に記載のガラスアンテナが設けられた窓ガラス。 A window glass provided with the glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
PCT/JP2012/061465 2011-05-10 2012-04-27 Windshield-integrated antenna and glazing WO2012153663A1 (en)

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