WO2003033929A1 - Electrical mechanical disc clutch unit - Google Patents

Electrical mechanical disc clutch unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003033929A1
WO2003033929A1 PCT/NL2002/000664 NL0200664W WO03033929A1 WO 2003033929 A1 WO2003033929 A1 WO 2003033929A1 NL 0200664 W NL0200664 W NL 0200664W WO 03033929 A1 WO03033929 A1 WO 03033929A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
disc
clutch
clutch unit
unit according
transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2002/000664
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hendrikus Jan Kapaan
Cornelius Petrus Antonius Vissers
Jacobus Zwarts
Emmanuel Jacques Eyroud
Original Assignee
Ab Skf
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL1019200A external-priority patent/NL1019200C2/en
Application filed by Ab Skf filed Critical Ab Skf
Publication of WO2003033929A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003033929A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/043—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the gearing including a speed reducer
    • F02N15/046—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the gearing including a speed reducer of the planetary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/108—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members
    • F16D27/112—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • a clutch usually comprises friction plates which are held pressed against each other, e.g. by means of a disc spring. By depressing the spring, the pressure is relieved and the clutch is disengaged.
  • the spring in question may be actuated either mechanically, e.g. by a lever hydraulically, or electrically.
  • the electric actuation can be obtained through, for instance, an electrically driven screw actuator.
  • the prior art clutches rely on the preload which is provided by an axial disc spring on a flat friction plate. Although such spring usually performs satisfactorily, it still has disadvantages. For instance, the preload and thereby the torque to be transmitted has a fixed maximum and can not be influenced. This is caused by the fact that in the case of prior art clutches, the friction plate engages one surface of the clutch. A further consequence thereof is that the plates should have a relatively large diameter in order to provide the required torque output. Also a worn clutch has to be adjusted manually.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved clutch device.
  • a disc clutch unit comprising a rotatable body which can be connected to a drive source, a concentric rotatable member which can be connected to a driven shaft, and a disc clutch comprising a disc connected to the output member and friction means which enclose the disc at both disc surfaces, said friction means being connected to the other of the rotatable body and the rotatable member and being operative between a clamped state in which the disc surfaces and the friction means frictionally engage each other so as to establish a slipping or fixed relationship and a free state in which the disc surfaces and the friction means are freely rotatable with respect to each other, characterized in that the rotatable body is accommodated in a housing which can be connected to the stationary part of the drive source, the outer circumference of the body being provided with (part of) a starter means.
  • the disc clutch unit according to the invention has a friction means which pinches the disc from both sides. Thereby, first of all a considerable torque can be transmitted, even in the case of a disc of limited diameter. Moreover, the internal forces in the clutch remain limited, as the pinching forces are directly equilibrated through the friction means at both sides. As a result of the high pinching force, a considerable torque can be transmitted even in the case of a disc of moderate diameter. This system ensures an automatic wear compensation for the clutch pads and clutch disc.
  • the rotatable body may carry axially oriented compression springs which are regularly spaced in the circumferential direction of said body, a bracket member which lies opposite said compression springs, and friction pads which are positioned between said springs and bracket member, the disc being pinched between the springs, bracket member and friction pads, and actuator means for influencing the pinch force exerted on the disc.
  • the compression springs consisting of steel spring or resilient materiel e.g. rubber, provide the state force required for pressing the f iction pads onto the disc.
  • the spring force delivered by said springs is sufficient for obtaining a slip-free state.
  • the actuator means act to counteract the spring force, such that a slipping state or a freely rotatable state can be accurately controlled.
  • the actuator may either directly engage the friction pads, or indirectly through a ringshaped pressure plate.
  • the actuator e.g. screw actuator
  • the actuator may be driven by a common electric motor which is concentric to the rotatable body, and the screw actuators engage said motor through a mechanical transmission.
  • Said transmission may comprise gears, chains or toothed belts.
  • the bracket member is divided in at least two adjoining halves so as to facilitate removal thereof with the aim of friction pad replacement.
  • the starter means comprise an integrated starter-generator unit. Said starter means comprise a toothing for engagement with the drive gear of a starter motor.
  • the rotatable body comprises two concentric rings which are rotatably supported with respect to each other through a rolling element bearing means, one of said rings being provided with starter means, and the other of said rings being connected to the disc clutch, said rings being held in a preloaded position with respect to each other through essentially tangentially oriented springs for damping vibrational forces during start and service conditions.
  • One of the rings is fitted around the other one, and their facing cylindrical surfaces being provided with at least one raceway, two sets of rolling elements being provided which each are in rolling contact with opposite raceways, the rotatable body also acts as a flywheel due to its mass.
  • the friction means may be carried out in several ways, preferably they comprise at least one calliper carrying two opposite friction pads between which the disc is accommodated, as well as the drive means for moving the friction pads towards and from each other.
  • the disc is slidable with respect to the torque members so as to compensate for wear of disc and pads. This can e.g. be obtained by means of a splined shaft torque member.
  • the drive means may comprise an electromagnet, said electromagnet maintaining the clamping state of the friction means when the energy is switched off after a predetermined period of time.
  • a stable embodiment can be obtained in case the friction means comprise at least two clutch callipers which are equally spaced over the circumference of the disc. Nevertheless, it is also possible to apply a single clutch calliper in combination with appropriate balancing devices e.g. adding balancing weight on the unit (static) or using a defined number of balls moving in a raceway at the circumference of the unit, in order to create optimal balancing conditions.
  • the invention is also related to a hybrid power train, comprising an internal combustion engine, an electric motor and a transmission for connecting to a driveable component, e.g. the driven wheels of a vehicle, said combustion engine and electric motor engaging each other through a first clutch device, and said electric motor and transmission engaging each other through a second clutch device.
  • a hybrid power train comprising an internal combustion engine, an electric motor and a transmission for connecting to a driveable component, e.g. the driven wheels of a vehicle, said combustion engine and electric motor engaging each other through a first clutch device, and said electric motor and transmission engaging each other through a second clutch device.
  • a first and second clutch device is a clutch device as described before.
  • the electric motor in question can be constituted by a so-called integrated starter-generator. In that case, both the starter and the generator are a part of a single device. Alternatively, a separate electric motor can be provided which is energised by the starter-generator. Also, the starter-generator can charge the battery backup of a hybrid power train.
  • the transmission can be electrically actuated. Furthermore, the transmission can be an automatic transmission e.g. continuously variable transmission or a gear shift transmission. Said transmission can be selectively actuated by the internal combustion engine or the electric motor.
  • Fig. 1 shows a view in perspective and partially cut away of an electric mechanical clutch unit according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a vertical cross section to the axes of the clutch unit according to fig. 2.
  • Fig. 3 shows a first hybrid power train comprising the clutch unit according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a second hybrid power train.
  • Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of the clutch unit.
  • the clutch unit shown in figures 1 and 2 comprises a rotatable body 1, which can be connected to e.g. the internal combustion motor of a vehicle.
  • a disc clutch 3 said rotatable body 1 can be connected to, or discomiected from an output member 2, which can e.g. be connected to a gear box or continuously variable transmission.
  • the disc clutch 3 comprises a disc 4 comiected to the output member 2, as well as pairs of opposite friction pads 10.
  • One friction pad 10 of each pair is connected to a bracket member 9, the other friction pad 10 of each pair is connected to a ringshaped pressure plate 13.
  • the clutch disc is flexibly comiected with the output member using metallic or non-metallic means in order to compensate for misalignment between the rotatable body (input member) and the output member.
  • said ringshaped pressure plate 13 is permanently biased by compression springs 8, which are accommodated in blind holes 26 of the ring 19 of the rotatable body 1.
  • the springs 8 firmly compress the friction pad 10 into an engagement with the opposite services 6, 7 of the disc 4.
  • the biasing force of the springs 8 is selected such that a non-slipping relationship is obtained between the friction pads 10 and the disc 4.
  • screw actuators 12 are accommodated in the ring 19 of the rotatable body 1. Said screw actuators are accommodated in the throughgoing bores 27 of said ring 19. At the one end, by means of bolts 27, the screw actuators 12 are connected to the ringshaped pressure plate 13. At their other end, the screw actuators carry a gear 28, which each engage a pinion 15. This pinion 15 in turn is connected to the shaft 29 of an electric motor 14 which is accommodated in a central hole 30 of the ring 19.
  • slipring contacting or non-contacting
  • the rotatable body 1 has, besides the inner ring 19, an outer ring 18. These rings 18, 19 are supported with respect to each other by means of the bearing 20, which comprises a double set of deep groove ball bearings 23, 24. These bearings are accommodated in the facing cylindrical surfaces 21, 22 of the rings 18, 19.
  • essentially tangentially oriented springs 20 are accommodated in the recesses 31 between the rings 18, 19.
  • these springs 20 are supported at their ends against the end surfaces 32, 34, which delimit the recesses 31 in respectively the outer ring 18 and the inner ring 19.
  • these springs 20 can absorb the shock or vibration forces which occur during service and also during start conditions.
  • the outer ring 18 is provided with an integrated starter generator unit 17.
  • the rotatable body 1 acts as a flywheel.
  • the clutch unit contains one or more lockpins to block the movement of the spring/pressure plate when the spring is in compressed condition.
  • the electric mechanical clutch unit shown in fig. 3 comprises a rotatable input shaft 2, onto which a disc 4 is connected.
  • the disc 4 is straddled by means of two friction means 5 which are equally spaced along the circumference of the disc 4.
  • the friction means 5 carry two opposite friction pads 10 each, containing callipers 50.
  • the callipers 50 are connected to a bracket 9 which in turn is connected to the rotatable body 1.
  • the rotatable body is connected to the output shaft 51.
  • the friction pads 10 are moveable towards and away from each other by means of an electric motor 14 and a screw mechanism 11, which components are known per se.
  • an electric motor 14 By actuating the electric motors 14, the friction pads 10 of the two friction means 5 exert a pinching force on the disc 4. Depending on the magnitude of this pinching force, a fixed or slipping connection between the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 51 is obtained.
  • An autobalancing ring 25 is provided for balancing the clutch unit
  • the electric mechanic clutch unit according to the invention can be applied in industrial and automotive (hybrid) power trains.
  • a first example of a hybrid power train containing two electric mechanical clutches 40 according to the invention is shown in fig. 4.
  • One electric mechanical clutch 40 is positioned between the internal combustion engine 41 and the integrated starter-generator 38. This integrated starter-generator is connected to the battery 42 through the inverter 43.
  • the other electric mechanical clutch 40 is positioned between the integrated starter-generator 38 and the continuously variable transmission 44, which in turn is connected to the vehicle shaft 45 and the vehicle wheels 46.
  • Said electric mechanical clutch can also be integrated with the starter-generator.
  • the integrated starter-generator performs both as a starter motor as well as generator. Moreover it can function as a damper and can provide reverse driving of the vehicle when changing direction of rotation.
  • a slip ring may be integrated in the electric mechanical clutch or in the starter-generator for activating the rotating electric motor of the clutch.
  • the disc 4 can be made of a metallic, non-metallic or a composite material, e.g. a ceramic material.
  • the clutch calliper can be connected to either the torque input member or the torque output member.
  • the friction pads are moveable in radial direction with respect to the disc, e.g. for changing worn out pads. Thus, pad removal and replacement can take place without needing the separation of transmission and engine.
  • the clutch unit may furthermore contain one or more lockpins to block the movement of the springs and pressure plate with the spring in compressed condition. This is an important safety aspect when changing worn out clutch pads.
  • the springs 18, 19 of the body 1 may contain steel springs or other non-metallic resilient components, e.g. a rubber pad or spring or a combination thereof.
  • the clutch unit may furthermore comprise sensors for controlling the number of rotations, load, temperature, etc.
  • the starter generator may be air-cooled or liquid- cooled.
  • the clutch unit furthermore has a housing which contains the drive section, damper function, actuating and control means, etc.
  • the clutch parts themselves, in particular the friction pads 10, protrude out of the housing so as to allow easy changing of worn out clutch pads after removing the bracket.
  • the clutch disc surface may contain a high friction coating.
  • Important features of the clutch unit include amongst others a self-contained actuator thereof incorporating drive units, clutch and control units.
  • the transmission is fit for high torques.
  • the control from fixed to idle running conditions can be electronic.
  • automatic compensation of clutch disc or pad wear is insured. Misalignment between drive and driven sections is compensated for.
  • a clutch disc is flexibly connected to the drive means using metallic or non-metallic means in order to compensate for misalignment between the drive and driven sections.
  • a clutch unit can be applied for automotive and industrial applications, e.g. manual and automatic transmissions, combinations with starter generator and hybrid power trains.
  • the components of the clutch unit such as disc, pads, housing, etc. can be made of metallic or non-metallic material, e.g. sheet metal or plastic, cast iron or metal powder material, composite material; furthermore, coatings may be applied to decrease or increase frictional characteristics.
  • Manufacturing methods and operations may include forging, stamping, moulding, energy welding, gluing, milling, hard turning, whirling, grinding, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

A disc clutch unit, comprises a rotatable body (1), a concentric rotatable member (2), and a disc clutch. Said disc clutch comprising a disc (4) connected to the rotatable body or the rotatable member and friction means (5) which enclose the disc at both disc surfaces. The friction means being connected to the other of the rotatable body and the rotatable member and being operative between a clamped state in which the disc surfaces (6,7) and the friction means frictionally engage each other so as to establish a slipping or fixed relationship and a free state in which the disc surfaces and the friction means are freely rotatable with respect to each other.

Description

Electrical mechanical disc clutch unit
The invention is related to the field of clutches. A clutch usually comprises friction plates which are held pressed against each other, e.g. by means of a disc spring. By depressing the spring, the pressure is relieved and the clutch is disengaged.
The spring in question may be actuated either mechanically, e.g. by a lever hydraulically, or electrically. The electric actuation can be obtained through, for instance, an electrically driven screw actuator.
The prior art clutches rely on the preload which is provided by an axial disc spring on a flat friction plate. Although such spring usually performs satisfactorily, it still has disadvantages. For instance, the preload and thereby the torque to be transmitted has a fixed maximum and can not be influenced. This is caused by the fact that in the case of prior art clutches, the friction plate engages one surface of the clutch. A further consequence thereof is that the plates should have a relatively large diameter in order to provide the required torque output. Also a worn clutch has to be adjusted manually.
The object of the invention is to provide an improved clutch device. This object is achieved by a disc clutch unit, comprising a rotatable body which can be connected to a drive source, a concentric rotatable member which can be connected to a driven shaft, and a disc clutch comprising a disc connected to the output member and friction means which enclose the disc at both disc surfaces, said friction means being connected to the other of the rotatable body and the rotatable member and being operative between a clamped state in which the disc surfaces and the friction means frictionally engage each other so as to establish a slipping or fixed relationship and a free state in which the disc surfaces and the friction means are freely rotatable with respect to each other, characterized in that the rotatable body is accommodated in a housing which can be connected to the stationary part of the drive source, the outer circumference of the body being provided with (part of) a starter means.
The disc clutch unit according to the invention has a friction means which pinches the disc from both sides. Thereby, first of all a considerable torque can be transmitted, even in the case of a disc of limited diameter. Moreover, the internal forces in the clutch remain limited, as the pinching forces are directly equilibrated through the friction means at both sides. As a result of the high pinching force, a considerable torque can be transmitted even in the case of a disc of moderate diameter. This system ensures an automatic wear compensation for the clutch pads and clutch disc.
The rotatable body may carry axially oriented compression springs which are regularly spaced in the circumferential direction of said body, a bracket member which lies opposite said compression springs, and friction pads which are positioned between said springs and bracket member, the disc being pinched between the springs, bracket member and friction pads, and actuator means for influencing the pinch force exerted on the disc.
The compression springs, consisting of steel spring or resilient materiel e.g. rubber, provide the state force required for pressing the f iction pads onto the disc. The spring force delivered by said springs is sufficient for obtaining a slip-free state. The actuator means act to counteract the spring force, such that a slipping state or a freely rotatable state can be accurately controlled.
The actuator may either directly engage the friction pads, or indirectly through a ringshaped pressure plate.
The actuator, e.g. screw actuator, may be driven by a common electric motor which is concentric to the rotatable body, and the screw actuators engage said motor through a mechanical transmission. Said transmission may comprise gears, chains or toothed belts. The bracket member is divided in at least two adjoining halves so as to facilitate removal thereof with the aim of friction pad replacement.
The starter means comprise an integrated starter-generator unit. Said starter means comprise a toothing for engagement with the drive gear of a starter motor.
The rotatable body comprises two concentric rings which are rotatably supported with respect to each other through a rolling element bearing means, one of said rings being provided with starter means, and the other of said rings being connected to the disc clutch, said rings being held in a preloaded position with respect to each other through essentially tangentially oriented springs for damping vibrational forces during start and service conditions. One of the rings is fitted around the other one, and their facing cylindrical surfaces being provided with at least one raceway, two sets of rolling elements being provided which each are in rolling contact with opposite raceways, the rotatable body also acts as a flywheel due to its mass. Although the friction means may be carried out in several ways, preferably they comprise at least one calliper carrying two opposite friction pads between which the disc is accommodated, as well as the drive means for moving the friction pads towards and from each other. Preferably, the disc is slidable with respect to the torque members so as to compensate for wear of disc and pads. This can e.g. be obtained by means of a splined shaft torque member.
The drive means may comprise an electromagnet, said electromagnet maintaining the clamping state of the friction means when the energy is switched off after a predetermined period of time. A stable embodiment can be obtained in case the friction means comprise at least two clutch callipers which are equally spaced over the circumference of the disc. Nevertheless, it is also possible to apply a single clutch calliper in combination with appropriate balancing devices e.g. adding balancing weight on the unit (static) or using a defined number of balls moving in a raceway at the circumference of the unit, in order to create optimal balancing conditions.
The invention is also related to a hybrid power train, comprising an internal combustion engine, an electric motor and a transmission for connecting to a driveable component, e.g. the driven wheels of a vehicle, said combustion engine and electric motor engaging each other through a first clutch device, and said electric motor and transmission engaging each other through a second clutch device. According to the invention at least one of the first and second clutch device is a clutch device as described before.
Such a power train for hybrid automotive applications is known. The electric motor in question can be constituted by a so-called integrated starter-generator. In that case, both the starter and the generator are a part of a single device. Alternatively, a separate electric motor can be provided which is energised by the starter-generator. Also, the starter-generator can charge the battery backup of a hybrid power train.
The transmission can be electrically actuated. Furthermore, the transmission can be an automatic transmission e.g. continuously variable transmission or a gear shift transmission. Said transmission can be selectively actuated by the internal combustion engine or the electric motor.
The invention will further be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the figures. Fig. 1 shows a view in perspective and partially cut away of an electric mechanical clutch unit according to the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a vertical cross section to the axes of the clutch unit according to fig. 2. Fig. 3 shows a first hybrid power train comprising the clutch unit according to the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a second hybrid power train. Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of the clutch unit.
The clutch unit shown in figures 1 and 2 comprises a rotatable body 1, which can be connected to e.g. the internal combustion motor of a vehicle. By means of a disc clutch 3, said rotatable body 1 can be connected to, or discomiected from an output member 2, which can e.g. be connected to a gear box or continuously variable transmission.
The disc clutch 3 comprises a disc 4 comiected to the output member 2, as well as pairs of opposite friction pads 10. One friction pad 10 of each pair is connected to a bracket member 9, the other friction pad 10 of each pair is connected to a ringshaped pressure plate 13. According to a particular embodiment, the clutch disc is flexibly comiected with the output member using metallic or non-metallic means in order to compensate for misalignment between the rotatable body (input member) and the output member.
As is clear from fig. 1, said ringshaped pressure plate 13 is permanently biased by compression springs 8, which are accommodated in blind holes 26 of the ring 19 of the rotatable body 1. Thus, the springs 8 firmly compress the friction pad 10 into an engagement with the opposite services 6, 7 of the disc 4. The biasing force of the springs 8 is selected such that a non-slipping relationship is obtained between the friction pads 10 and the disc 4.
Furthermore, screw actuators 12 are accommodated in the ring 19 of the rotatable body 1. Said screw actuators are accommodated in the throughgoing bores 27 of said ring 19. At the one end, by means of bolts 27, the screw actuators 12 are connected to the ringshaped pressure plate 13. At their other end, the screw actuators carry a gear 28, which each engage a pinion 15. This pinion 15 in turn is connected to the shaft 29 of an electric motor 14 which is accommodated in a central hole 30 of the ring 19. By means of slipring ( contacting or non-contacting) energy transfer devices feed the electric motor 14 with electric current so as to control the screw actuators 12 and so as to transfer sensor signals.
In this way, by means of the screw actuators the biasing force of the compression springs 8 can be counteracted. In other words, the force by means of which the ringshaped pressure plate 13 presses the disc 4 and the friction pads 10 upon each other can be varied so as to obtain a slipping engagement there between or even a freely rotatable condition.
The rotatable body 1 has, besides the inner ring 19, an outer ring 18. These rings 18, 19 are supported with respect to each other by means of the bearing 20, which comprises a double set of deep groove ball bearings 23, 24. These bearings are accommodated in the facing cylindrical surfaces 21, 22 of the rings 18, 19.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2 essentially tangentially oriented springs 20 are accommodated in the recesses 31 between the rings 18, 19. By means of end caps 35, these springs 20 are supported at their ends against the end surfaces 32, 34, which delimit the recesses 31 in respectively the outer ring 18 and the inner ring 19. Thereby, these springs 20 can absorb the shock or vibration forces which occur during service and also during start conditions. In this respect, the outer ring 18 is provided with an integrated starter generator unit 17. The rotatable body 1 acts as a flywheel. The clutch unit contains one or more lockpins to block the movement of the spring/pressure plate when the spring is in compressed condition.
The electric mechanical clutch unit shown in fig. 3 comprises a rotatable input shaft 2, onto which a disc 4 is connected. The disc 4 is straddled by means of two friction means 5 which are equally spaced along the circumference of the disc 4. The friction means 5 carry two opposite friction pads 10 each, containing callipers 50. The callipers 50 are connected to a bracket 9 which in turn is connected to the rotatable body 1. The rotatable body is connected to the output shaft 51.
The friction pads 10 are moveable towards and away from each other by means of an electric motor 14 and a screw mechanism 11, which components are known per se. By actuating the electric motors 14, the friction pads 10 of the two friction means 5 exert a pinching force on the disc 4. Depending on the magnitude of this pinching force, a fixed or slipping connection between the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 51 is obtained. An autobalancing ring 25 is provided for balancing the clutch unit
The electric mechanic clutch unit according to the invention can be applied in industrial and automotive (hybrid) power trains. A first example of a hybrid power train containing two electric mechanical clutches 40 according to the invention is shown in fig. 4. One electric mechanical clutch 40 is positioned between the internal combustion engine 41 and the integrated starter-generator 38. This integrated starter-generator is connected to the battery 42 through the inverter 43.
The other electric mechanical clutch 40 according to the invention is positioned between the integrated starter-generator 38 and the continuously variable transmission 44, which in turn is connected to the vehicle shaft 45 and the vehicle wheels 46. Said electric mechanical clutch can also be integrated with the starter-generator. The integrated starter-generator performs both as a starter motor as well as generator. Moreover it can function as a damper and can provide reverse driving of the vehicle when changing direction of rotation. In the second embodiment of a hybrid power train as shown in fig. 5 gear transmission 47 is applied. A slip ring may be integrated in the electric mechanical clutch or in the starter-generator for activating the rotating electric motor of the clutch.
The disc 4 can be made of a metallic, non-metallic or a composite material, e.g. a ceramic material. The clutch calliper can be connected to either the torque input member or the torque output member. For ease of maintenance, the friction pads are moveable in radial direction with respect to the disc, e.g. for changing worn out pads. Thus, pad removal and replacement can take place without needing the separation of transmission and engine.
The clutch unit may furthermore contain one or more lockpins to block the movement of the springs and pressure plate with the spring in compressed condition. This is an important safety aspect when changing worn out clutch pads.
The springs 18, 19 of the body 1 may contain steel springs or other non-metallic resilient components, e.g. a rubber pad or spring or a combination thereof.
The clutch unit may furthermore comprise sensors for controlling the number of rotations, load, temperature, etc. The starter generator may be air-cooled or liquid- cooled.
The clutch unit furthermore has a housing which contains the drive section, damper function, actuating and control means, etc. The clutch parts themselves, in particular the friction pads 10, protrude out of the housing so as to allow easy changing of worn out clutch pads after removing the bracket.
The clutch disc surface may contain a high friction coating. Important features of the clutch unit include amongst others a self-contained actuator thereof incorporating drive units, clutch and control units. The transmission is fit for high torques. The control from fixed to idle running conditions can be electronic. Furthermore, automatic compensation of clutch disc or pad wear is insured. Misalignment between drive and driven sections is compensated for. E.g. a clutch disc is flexibly connected to the drive means using metallic or non-metallic means in order to compensate for misalignment between the drive and driven sections. A clutch unit can be applied for automotive and industrial applications, e.g. manual and automatic transmissions, combinations with starter generator and hybrid power trains.
The components of the clutch unit, such as disc, pads, housing, etc. can be made of metallic or non-metallic material, e.g. sheet metal or plastic, cast iron or metal powder material, composite material; furthermore, coatings may be applied to decrease or increase frictional characteristics.
Manufacturing methods and operations may include forging, stamping, moulding, energy welding, gluing, milling, hard turning, whirling, grinding, etc.

Claims

Claims
1. Disc clutch unit, comprising a rotatable body (1) which can be connected to a drive source, a concentric rotatable member (2) which can be connected to a driven shaft, and a disc clutch (3) comprising a disc (4) connected to the output member (2) and friction means (5) which enclose the disc (4) at both disc surfaces (6, 7), said friction means (5) being connected to the other of the rotatable body (1) and the rotatable member (2) and being operative between a clamped state in which the disc surfaces (6, 7) and the friction means (5) frictionally engage each other so as to establish a slipping or fixed relationship and a free state in which the disc surfaces (6, 7) and the friction means (5) are freely rotatable with respect to each other, characterized in that the rotatable body (1) is accommodated in a housing (16) which can be connected to the stationary part of the drive source, the outer circumference of the body (1) being provided with (part of) a starter means (17).
2. Clutch unit according to claim 1, wherein the rotatable body (1) carries axially oriented compression springs (8) which are regularly spaced in the circumferential direction of said body (1), a bracket member (9) which lies opposite said compression springs (8), and friction pads (10) which are positioned between said springs (8) and bracket member (9), the disc (4) being pinched between the springs (8), bracket member (9) and friction pads (8), and actuator means (11) for influencing the pinch force exerted on the disc (4).
3. Clutch unit according to claim 2, wherein the actuator means (11) comprise screw actuators (12) which are regularly spaced in the circumferential direction of the rotatable body (1).
4. Clutch unit according to claim 3, wherein the screw actuators (12) engage the friction pads (10).
5. Clutch unit according to claim 3, wherein the screw actuator (12) engage a ringshaped pressure plate (13) which in turn engages the friction pads (10).
6. Clutch unit according to any of claims 3-5, wherein the screw actuators (12) are directly or indirectly drivable by means of an electric motor (14), e.g. a permanent magnet motor or brush motor.
7. Clutch unit according to claim 6, wherein the electric motor (14) is concentric to the rotatable body (1), and the screw actuators (12) engage said motor through a mechanical transmission (15).
8. Clutch unit according to claim 7, wherein the transmission comprises gears or chains.
9. Clutch unit according to claim 7, wherein the transmission comprises pulleys and belts.
10. Clutch unit according to any of claims 2-9, wherein the fiiction pads (10) are positioned on both disc surfaces (6, 7).
11. Clutch unit according to any of claims 2-10, wherein the bracket member (9) is divided in at least two adjoining halves so as to facilitate removal thereof with the aim of friction pad replacement.
12. Clutch unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the starter means comprise an integrated starter-generator unit (17).
13. Clutch unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the starter means comprise a toothing for engagement with the drive gear of a starter motor.
14. Clutch unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the rotatable body (1) comprises two concentric rings (18, 19) which are rotatably supported with respect to each other through a rolling element bearing means (31), one (18) of said rings being provided with starter means (17), and the other (19) of said rings being connected to the disc clutch (3), said rings (18, 19) being held in a preloaded position with respect to each other through essentially tangentially oriented springs (20) for damping vibrational forces during start and service conditions.
15. Clutch unit according to claim 14, wherein one (18) of the rings is fitted around the other one (19), and their facing cylindrical surfaces (21, 22) being provided with at least one raceway (23, 24), at least one set of rolling elements being provided which each are in rolling contact with opposite raceways (23, 24).
16. Clutch unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the unit carries a static or dynamic balancing unit.
17. Clutch unit according to claim 16, wherein the rotatable body (1) carries an autobalancing ring unit (25), with balls running raceway.
18. Clutch unit according to any of the preceding claims wherein the friction means (5) comprise at least one calliper.
19. Power train, comprising an internal combustion engine (17) and a transmission (19, 22) for connecting to a driveable component, e.g. the driven wheels (21) of a vehicle, said internal combustion engine (17) and said transmission (19, 21) engaging each other through a clutch device, characterised by a clutch device according to any of claims 1 - 18.
20. Power train, comprising an internal combustion engine (17), an electric motor (13) and a transmission (19, 22) for connecting to a driveable component, e.g. the driven wheels (21) of a vehicle, said combustion engine (17) and electric motor (13) engaging each other through a first clutch device (15), and said electric motor (13) and transmission (19) engaging each other through a second clutch device (16), characterised in that at least one of the first (15) and second (16) clutch device is al clutch device according to any of claims 1 -18.
21. Power train according to claim 20, wherein the electric motor is constituted by an integrated starter-generator (13).
22. Power train according to any of claims 19 - 21, wherein the transmission (19, 22) is electrically actuated.
23. Power train according to any of claims 19 - 21, wherein the transmission is a continuously variable transmission (19).
24. Hybrid power train according to any of claims 19 - 21, wherein the transmission is a gear transmission (22).
25. Power train according to any of claims 19 - 21, wherein the fransmission is an infinitively variable transmission.
PCT/NL2002/000664 2001-10-19 2002-10-18 Electrical mechanical disc clutch unit WO2003033929A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1019200A NL1019200C2 (en) 2001-05-09 2001-10-19 Disk coupling unit comprises rotatable body, concentric rotatable component and disk coupling comprising disk connected to rotatable body
NL1019200 2001-10-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003033929A1 true WO2003033929A1 (en) 2003-04-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2002/000664 WO2003033929A1 (en) 2001-10-19 2002-10-18 Electrical mechanical disc clutch unit

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Country Link
WO (1) WO2003033929A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2861020A1 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-04-22 Defontaine Engine flywheel device for vehicle, has mass of inertia mounted such that it turns with crankshaft and mounted free from rotation in relation to crankshaft, when friction lining is in engaged and disengaged position, respectively
US10570871B2 (en) 2018-06-06 2020-02-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and system for starting an engine
CN113043843A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-06-29 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 Power system for manual transmission vehicle and manual transmission vehicle

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1177401A (en) * 1957-06-20 1959-04-24 Dunlop Rubber Co Clutch
DE2547172A1 (en) * 1975-10-22 1977-05-05 Abou Kamal Samy Dipl Ing Guide block coupling for flywheel - has axial bearing pushed against brake levers to release compressed springs
US4792029A (en) * 1984-04-05 1988-12-20 Andre Axel G Clutch arrangement
US4877113A (en) * 1988-04-19 1989-10-31 Allied-Signal Inc. One-way clutch preventing back drive of reversible motor
EP0677414A2 (en) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-18 General Motors Corporation Electro-mechanical hybrid powertrain with self-engaging brakes
WO1999022955A1 (en) * 1997-11-04 1999-05-14 Magneti Marelli S.P.A A hybrid propulsion system for a motor vehicle
EP1090792A2 (en) * 1999-10-08 2001-04-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Engine to motor drive mode switching with clutch engagement when engine speed exceeds motor speed

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1177401A (en) * 1957-06-20 1959-04-24 Dunlop Rubber Co Clutch
DE2547172A1 (en) * 1975-10-22 1977-05-05 Abou Kamal Samy Dipl Ing Guide block coupling for flywheel - has axial bearing pushed against brake levers to release compressed springs
US4792029A (en) * 1984-04-05 1988-12-20 Andre Axel G Clutch arrangement
US4877113A (en) * 1988-04-19 1989-10-31 Allied-Signal Inc. One-way clutch preventing back drive of reversible motor
EP0677414A2 (en) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-18 General Motors Corporation Electro-mechanical hybrid powertrain with self-engaging brakes
WO1999022955A1 (en) * 1997-11-04 1999-05-14 Magneti Marelli S.P.A A hybrid propulsion system for a motor vehicle
EP1090792A2 (en) * 1999-10-08 2001-04-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Engine to motor drive mode switching with clutch engagement when engine speed exceeds motor speed

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2861020A1 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-04-22 Defontaine Engine flywheel device for vehicle, has mass of inertia mounted such that it turns with crankshaft and mounted free from rotation in relation to crankshaft, when friction lining is in engaged and disengaged position, respectively
US10570871B2 (en) 2018-06-06 2020-02-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and system for starting an engine
CN113043843A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-06-29 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 Power system for manual transmission vehicle and manual transmission vehicle
CN113043843B (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-11-11 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 Power system for manual transmission vehicle and manual transmission vehicle

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