WO1999035836A2 - Incorporation et detection d'un filigrane dans des images - Google Patents

Incorporation et detection d'un filigrane dans des images Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999035836A2
WO1999035836A2 PCT/IB1999/000013 IB9900013W WO9935836A2 WO 1999035836 A2 WO1999035836 A2 WO 1999035836A2 IB 9900013 W IB9900013 W IB 9900013W WO 9935836 A2 WO9935836 A2 WO 9935836A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
pixels
significant
watermark
pattern
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB1999/000013
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1999035836A3 (fr
Inventor
Maurice J. J. J-P. Maes
Cornelis Van Overveld
Peter M. J. Rongen
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Philips Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V., Philips Ab filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority to KR1019997008183A priority Critical patent/KR100602398B1/ko
Priority to EP99900013A priority patent/EP0981899B1/fr
Priority to DE69928613T priority patent/DE69928613T2/de
Priority to JP53589599A priority patent/JP3984301B2/ja
Publication of WO1999035836A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999035836A2/fr
Publication of WO1999035836A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999035836A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
    • G06T1/0064—Geometric transfor invariant watermarking, e.g. affine transform invariant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
    • H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
    • H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
    • H04N1/32219—Spatial or amplitude domain methods involving changing the position of selected pixels, e.g. word shifting, or involving modulating the size of image components, e.g. of characters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0051—Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • H04N2005/91307—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal
    • H04N2005/91335—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal the copy protection signal being a watermark

Definitions

  • the method must further be robust to transformations or operations that can be applied to images or video, such as color transformations, geometric transformations such as scaling, translation or rotation, data compression such as JPEG/MPEG, noise, embedding of other watermarks, gray scaling, image smoothing, dedicated transformations, A/D and D/A conversions, PAL/NTSC conversions, etc.
  • transformations or operations such as color transformations, geometric transformations such as scaling, translation or rotation, data compression such as JPEG/MPEG, noise, embedding of other watermarks, gray scaling, image smoothing, dedicated transformations, A/D and D/A conversions, PAL/NTSC conversions, etc.
  • transformations or operations such as color transformations, geometric transformations such as scaling, translation or rotation, data compression such as JPEG/MPEG, noise, embedding of other watermarks, gray scaling, image smoothing, dedicated transformations, A/D and D/A conversions, PAL/NTSC conversions, etc.
  • JPEG/MPEG data compression
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a first embodiment of an arrangement for detecting a watermark in an image in accordance with the invention.
  • the sets S 0 and Si of salient points are applied to the warping module 12.
  • This module introduces small, local, geometrical changes to the image such that a significant high percentage of pixels from the set S is moved to the vicinity of lines. This is illustrated in Fig. 2 by an arrow 24 which denotes that pixel 22 has been moved to a line of the watermark.
  • the thus warped image I w constitutes the image with embedded watermark.
  • the geometric changes introduced by warping affect neighborhoods of the pixels of S in a smooth way, such that at some distance of a given pixel the geometric change decays to zero.
  • the warping algorithm is preferably such that it does not create too many new significant points.
  • the direction into which a point is warped should be adapted to local image features, such that it does not introduce visual artifacts.
  • the watermark is detected if substantially more than 50% of the salient points of the suspect image lie on the line pattern.
  • 708 out of 1014 salient points of the watermarked image (70%) were found to lie on the pattern. Note that the number of salient points in the watermarked image can differ from the number of salient points in the original image, because the warping process may affect the "saliency" of pixels.
  • Fig. 6A shows the same pattern of lines 20 and salient image pixels 21-23 as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the lines 20 no longer have the "thickness" 2 ⁇ .
  • the distance from the salient pixels 21, 22, and 23 to the nearest line is denoted d, , ⁇ , d,, , and d 1>3 , respectively, where the index i indicates that the distance relates to pixels of the input image.
  • Fig. 6B shows the pattern and image pixels after watermarking.
  • the salient pixels 21-23 have been wa ⁇ ed such that their respective distances to the nearest line 20 are changed (decreased or increased). Not all pixels need to be wa ⁇ ed. Neither need the pixels to be wa ⁇ ed by the same distance or factor.
  • the distances after wa ⁇ ing are denoted d W ⁇ l , d W)2 , and d w>3 , respectively.
  • the average distance d, of the salient points (the set S) of an unwatermarked image i.e.
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically the corresponding embodiment of the arrangement for embedding the watermark W in an image I.
  • the arrangement comprises a salient point extraction module 70 and a wa ⁇ ing module 71. They are identical to modules 10 and 12, respectively in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically the corresponding embodiment of the arrangement for detecting the watermark W in a suspect image J.
  • the arrangement comprises a salient point extraction module 80, a circuit 81 for determining the average distance d w of the salient points of the possibly watermarked image J in accordance with
  • the invention further provides embedding more bits. Different line patterns can be used in different areas of the picture. Different line patterns (each of lower density) can be combined. It is also possible to apply different significant point extraction methods. For example, one method is used for extracting local maxima only, one method is used for extracting upper-right corners only, etc.
  • the method is robust because the significant point extraction can be implemented such that transformations that sufficiently preserve the quality or the essentials of an image (such as compression, noise addition, or color changes) will leave the locations of the most significant pixels intact.
  • transformations that sufficiently preserve the quality or the essentials of an image (such as compression, noise addition, or color changes) will leave the locations of the most significant pixels intact.
  • scaling and geometric transformations it should be noted that matching scaled or rotated sets of points with scaled or rotated line patterns is a computationally easier task than computing correlations.
  • the pattern onto which significant pixels are wa ⁇ ed need not necessarily be a line pattern and its vicinity. Arbitrary dense point patterns may also be used.
  • a digital image signal is watermarked by locally changing geometric features of the image.
  • the watermark consists of a pseudo-random, dense subset of image pixels, e.g. a pattern of lines (20).
  • a number of significant image pixels (21,22,23), i.e. pixels which give the highest response to a predetermined processing operation, is determined and then moved (24) to the vicinity ( ⁇ ) of the line pattern.
  • ⁇ the vicinity of significant image pixels
  • the most significant pixels of an input image are again determined.
  • the image is a watermarked image if a statistically high percentage lies within the vicinity of the line pattern.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un signal d'image numérique auquel on applique un filigrane par une modification locale de caractéristiques géométriques de l'image. Le filigrane consiste en un sous-ensemble dense pseudo-aléatoire de pixels d'image, p. ex. un motif constitué par des lignes (20). Des pixels (21, 22, 23) d'image significatifs, c.-à-d. des pixels qui donnent la réponse la plus élevée à une opération de traitement préétablie, sont déterminés puis déplacés (24) à proximité (δ) du motif constitué par des lignes. Suite à cette 'déformation', la plus grande partie des pixels (21, 22) d'image significatifs sont finalement situés à proximité du motif constitué par des lignes. A l'extrémité réceptrice, les pixels les plus significatifs d'une image d'entrée sont déterminés à nouveau. L'image est une image filigranée si un pourcentage statistiquement élevé de pixels sont situés à proximité du motif constitué par des lignes.
PCT/IB1999/000013 1998-01-09 1999-01-08 Incorporation et detection d'un filigrane dans des images WO1999035836A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019997008183A KR100602398B1 (ko) 1998-01-09 1999-01-08 화상들에 워터마크를 내장하는 방법 및 검출 방법
EP99900013A EP0981899B1 (fr) 1998-01-09 1999-01-08 Incorporation et detection d'un filigrane dans des images
DE69928613T DE69928613T2 (de) 1998-01-09 1999-01-08 Einbettung und erkennung von wasserzeichen in bildern
JP53589599A JP3984301B2 (ja) 1998-01-09 1999-01-08 画像への透かしの埋め込み及び検出

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98200034 1998-01-09
EP98200034.1 1998-01-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999035836A2 true WO1999035836A2 (fr) 1999-07-15
WO1999035836A3 WO1999035836A3 (fr) 1999-09-23

Family

ID=8233283

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB1999/000013 WO1999035836A2 (fr) 1998-01-09 1999-01-08 Incorporation et detection d'un filigrane dans des images

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6198832B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0981899B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3984301B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100602398B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1184808C (fr)
DE (1) DE69928613T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999035836A2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001026110A1 (fr) * 1999-10-06 2001-04-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Incorporation et detection des filigranes dans des signaux d'informations unidimensionnelles
GB2362240A (en) * 1999-09-17 2001-11-14 Ibm Robust watermark for detecting alterations
SG97823A1 (en) * 1999-12-14 2003-08-20 Kent Ridge Digital Labs A system for proving an unobstrusive watermark in a secure document
US6700994B2 (en) 1998-01-09 2004-03-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Embedding and detecting a watermark in images
GB2379119B (en) * 2000-03-28 2004-12-08 Software 2000 Ltd Document marking
US7137711B1 (en) 2000-03-21 2006-11-21 Leonard Reiffel Multi-user retro reflector data input
KR100705932B1 (ko) * 2000-12-08 2007-04-11 엘지전자 주식회사 디지탈 영상 데이타의 암호화 및 복호화 방법

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US6516079B1 (en) * 2000-02-14 2003-02-04 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermark screening and detecting strategies
US6449377B1 (en) 1995-05-08 2002-09-10 Digimarc Corporation Methods and systems for watermark processing of line art images
US6993152B2 (en) * 1994-03-17 2006-01-31 Digimarc Corporation Hiding geo-location data through arrangement of objects
US20020136429A1 (en) * 1994-03-17 2002-09-26 John Stach Data hiding through arrangement of objects
US20030133592A1 (en) * 1996-05-07 2003-07-17 Rhoads Geoffrey B. Content objects with computer instructions steganographically encoded therein, and associated methods
US6850626B2 (en) * 1998-01-20 2005-02-01 Digimarc Corporation Methods employing multiple watermarks
CN1153456C (zh) * 1998-03-04 2004-06-09 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 水印检测的方法和设备
US6628802B1 (en) * 1999-01-29 2003-09-30 International Business Machines Corporation Marking and determining distortion in an image
US7111168B2 (en) * 2000-05-01 2006-09-19 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarking systems
JP3587168B2 (ja) * 2001-01-23 2004-11-10 日本ビクター株式会社 電子透かし情報埋め込み装置、埋め込み方法、電子透かし情報再生装置及び再生方法
US9363409B2 (en) * 2001-03-05 2016-06-07 Digimarc Corporation Image management system and methods using digital watermarks
KR20010067778A (ko) * 2001-03-23 2001-07-13 원치선 영상/비디오 처리 방법 및 영상/비디오 객체 분할 방법
US8572640B2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2013-10-29 Arbitron Inc. Media data use measurement with remote decoding/pattern matching
US7068809B2 (en) * 2001-08-27 2006-06-27 Digimarc Corporation Segmentation in digital watermarking
US7392392B2 (en) 2001-12-13 2008-06-24 Digimarc Corporation Forensic digital watermarking with variable orientation and protocols
US7392394B2 (en) * 2001-12-13 2008-06-24 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarking with variable orientation and protocols
KR100455061B1 (ko) * 2001-12-24 2004-11-06 한국전자통신연구원 워터마킹을 이용한 디지털 컨텐츠 제공 장치 및 그 방법
US7321667B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2008-01-22 Digimarc Corporation Data hiding through arrangement of objects
US7190805B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2007-03-13 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method of and system for edge watermarking of an image
FR2841422B1 (fr) * 2002-06-19 2004-11-12 Canon Kk Insertion et extraction d'un message dans une image
KR100479478B1 (ko) * 2002-07-26 2005-03-31 연세대학교 산학협력단 객체별 중요도를 고려한 객체 기반의 트랜스코딩 방법 및그 장치
JP2007503014A (ja) * 2003-08-19 2007-02-15 コーニンクレッカ　フィリップス　エレクトロニクス　エヌ　ヴィ 利用可能な検出手法の部分集合を用いた透かしの検出
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6700994B2 (en) 1998-01-09 2004-03-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Embedding and detecting a watermark in images
GB2362240A (en) * 1999-09-17 2001-11-14 Ibm Robust watermark for detecting alterations
GB2362240B (en) * 1999-09-17 2004-04-28 Ibm Semi-fragile watermarks
WO2001026110A1 (fr) * 1999-10-06 2001-04-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Incorporation et detection des filigranes dans des signaux d'informations unidimensionnelles
KR100762722B1 (ko) * 1999-10-06 2007-10-09 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. 1차원 정보 신호들에 워터마크들을 삽입 및 검출하기 위한방법 및 장치
SG97823A1 (en) * 1999-12-14 2003-08-20 Kent Ridge Digital Labs A system for proving an unobstrusive watermark in a secure document
US7137711B1 (en) 2000-03-21 2006-11-21 Leonard Reiffel Multi-user retro reflector data input
GB2379119B (en) * 2000-03-28 2004-12-08 Software 2000 Ltd Document marking
KR100705932B1 (ko) * 2000-12-08 2007-04-11 엘지전자 주식회사 디지탈 영상 데이타의 암호화 및 복호화 방법

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69928613T2 (de) 2006-08-10
US6198832B1 (en) 2001-03-06
CN1256839A (zh) 2000-06-14
CN1184808C (zh) 2005-01-12
KR20000076095A (ko) 2000-12-26
EP0981899B1 (fr) 2005-11-30
EP0981899A2 (fr) 2000-03-01
WO1999035836A3 (fr) 1999-09-23
JP2001515688A (ja) 2001-09-18
DE69928613D1 (de) 2006-01-05
JP3984301B2 (ja) 2007-10-03
KR100602398B1 (ko) 2006-07-20

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