WO1999022641A1 - Device and method for determining physiological data, and corresponding use - Google Patents
Device and method for determining physiological data, and corresponding use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999022641A1 WO1999022641A1 PCT/FR1998/002335 FR9802335W WO9922641A1 WO 1999022641 A1 WO1999022641 A1 WO 1999022641A1 FR 9802335 W FR9802335 W FR 9802335W WO 9922641 A1 WO9922641 A1 WO 9922641A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- subject
- information
- blood pressure
- sleep
- physiological information
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
- A61B5/0225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds
- A61B5/02255—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds the pressure being controlled by plethysmographic signals, e.g. derived from optical sensors
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of determining one or more physiological information representative of the state of a human or animal subject. More specifically, the invention relates to an autonomous device, at least as far as the measurement reading is concerned, and capable of providing physiological information continuously.
- a particular field of the invention is that of sleep analysis, and in particular of the recognition and quantification of the different phases of sleep in a subject.
- the invention relates to an autonomous and portable device for recognizing sleep phases.
- the applications of recognition and quantification of sleep phases are numerous. They range from the medical field (aid in the diagnosis of sleep apnea in pulmonology, sleep disorders, etc.) to the "general public" field (evaluation of the quality and quantity of a person's sleep, awakening in a preselected phase).
- the technology for acquiring biological signals in these systems is complex and uncomfortable for the patient. It is based on the use of a series of electrodes fixed on the patient's body, and connected to a treatment unit. The mere presence of these electrodes and their connecting cables can disturb the patient's sleep, especially if it is a person suffering from sleep disorders. This therefore introduces a bias into the measurements made. This bias is generally further aggravated by the fact that the patient is in a particular environment (hospital room) which is not usually his own.
- This device is based on the use, in a portable box, of a cardiac activity sensor making it possible to follow the pulse of the subject. Knowing that the heart rate varies according to the different phases of sleep, their recognition is then, in principle, easy.
- PCT patent application WO-94/16610 describes a device which overcomes most of these drawbacks. This device makes it possible to determine at least one datum representative of the pulse, of the blood pressure or of the respiration, in a simple manner.
- the device comprises a piezoelectric sensor placed in contact with the skin of a subject, and reacting to variations in instantaneous blood pressure.
- this technique cannot be implemented in such a simple manner, the signal detected by the piezoelectric sensor being of course very disturbed by the movements of the subject.
- a second similar sensor, isolated from the subject's skin is therefore necessary, to detect the only movements. Then, a specific processing is carried out, to obtain a corrected signal, exploitable by processing means.
- this double sensor has various drawbacks, in particular as regards the cost price, the size, in particular when it is desired to integrate the device in a small case such as a watch case, the precision required for assembly, ...
- an object of the invention is to provide a device for determining physiological information, and a corresponding method, which has increased precision compared to known techniques.
- Another objective of the invention is to provide such a device, which is of reduced production cost both with regard to the elements used and their assembly.
- the invention also aims to provide such a device, which is compact, can be easily placed, for example, inside a watch case.
- An additional objective of the invention is also to provide such a device, which makes it possible to detect certain extraordinary events, such as a fall.
- a device for determining physiological information comprising: - at least one sensor placed in contact with the skin of a subject, reacting in particular to variations in the instantaneous blood pressure of said subject, and delivering a signal representative of said instantaneous blood pressure; and means for processing and analyzing said signal representative of instantaneous blood pressure, delivering at least physiological information, said sensor comprising at least one portion of optical fiber undergoing deformations depending in particular on said variations in instant blood pressure, a source of light being placed at a first end of said portion of optical fiber, and a photodiode being placed at the second end of said portion of optical fiber, and supplying said processing and analysis means.
- the invention is based on the analysis of micro-deformations of one (or more) optical fibers. It is possible, with this technique, to obtain very high precision, for a reasonable cost price. The resulting size can be greatly limited, and assembly is easy. This is all the more true since the same assembly also makes it possible to obtain information on the tightening force of the support strap (in the event of the use of a strap).
- the analysis of micro-deformations is known in certain fields very far from the invention. However, these known methods (see for example "fiber optic sensors and associated networks", pr P.patented) apply to long optical fibers, and requires bulky equipment. No one has ever considered using a very small optical fiber, and even less in the field of determining physiological information.
- the technique of the invention is based on the use of a photodiode at the end of the fiber opposite to that through which the light is introduced.
- said sensor comprises a plate in contact with the skin of said subject, the displacements of which are passed on to clamping means comprising a first and a second jaw enclosing said portion of optical fiber over part of its length.
- said means of tightening comprise a first planar jaw, and a second jaw having a series of grooves perpendicular to the axis of said portion of optical fiber.
- This structure is simple to implement (one of the parts being flat) and proves to be effective, in particular if the number of streaks and the pitch between them are well chosen.
- said second jaw has between 8 and 12 streaks.
- the number of streaks representing a compromise between the sensitivity and the width of the resonance peak is sought to ensure sufficient stability, by promoting the first resonance.
- said plate and said clamping means are interconnected by means of a ball. This improves the quality of the repercussions of movements due to blood pressure, regardless of the movements and position of the arm.
- the device further comprises at least one accelerometer, and preferably two accelerometers, corresponding respectively to two perpendicular directions.
- Said processing and analysis means advantageously comprise means for frequency decomposition (by filtering or Fourier transform) of said signal representative of instantaneous blood pressure, so as to distinguish at least two pieces of information belonging to the group comprising: piece of information representative of the force of clamping of said sensor against the skin of said subject; - information representative of the respiratory rate of said subject; one or more pieces of information representative of the blood pressure of said subject.
- the device of the invention comprises means for transmitting data signals to a remote unit for processing and / or restoring physiological information.
- the invention also relates to a method for determining physiological information, comprising in particular the following steps: - application of a sensor in contact with the skin of a subject, said sensor comprising at least one portion of optical fiber undergoing functional deformations in particular variations in the instantaneous blood pressure of said subject; emitting light at a first end of said portion of optical fiber; processing and analysis of said light signal, so as to determine at least one physiological item of information, as a function of the disturbances of said signal.
- said processing and / or analysis step comprises at least one of the steps belonging to the group comprising the steps of: determining information representative of the tightening force of said sensor against the skin of said subject; amplification and bandpass filtering of the electrical signal corresponding to said light signal; - analog / digital conversion of measured values; separation of at least two distinct pieces of information, by filtering or Fourier transform; data processing, by statistical decision, forecast decision and / or fuzzy logic; - transmission of at least one of said pieces of information and / or at least one result of said data processing to a remote station.
- Said information may in particular belong to the group comprising: information representative of the amplitude and / or respiratory rate; information representative of the heart rate and / or variance; - information representative of the blood pressure wave and / or its variance.
- the method also comprises a step of detecting an abnormal situation in said subject, as a function of a signal delivered by at least one accelerometer.
- the device and method described above can be used for many applications, such as: monitoring people at risk; recognition of sleep phases; awakening of the subject in a predetermined sleep phase and / or in a determined time interval; drowsiness detection; sleep quantification; sleep disorder detection; sleep apnea detection; - help in monitoring cardiovascular diseases; programming of devices according to sleep phases; assists in the analysis of Parkinson's disease; helps in the prevention of cerebral ischemia; respiratory monitoring; - infant monitoring; polyphasic sleep analysis; observation of recovery after exercise; monitoring of a level of vigilance; helps in the detection of stress; applications to livestock.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a signal that can be detected at the output of the optical fiber of the device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 shows the signal of FIG. 2, transformed in the frequency space
- Figure 4 is a simplified block diagram of the method of the invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates a method of mounting the light source and the optical fiber of FIG. 1
- FIG. 6 is an electrical diagram of the amplification means of FIG. 1.
- the invention relates to a device for determining portable and autonomous physiological information.
- the invention is based on the use of an optical micro-deformation sensor.
- An optical fiber is sandwiched between two jaws, forcing it to micro-deformation.
- Light power is injected into the fiber, and the resulting illumination is analyzed.
- a variation in the force applied to the jaw creates local deformations which generate a variation of the local index, due to the photoelastic effect of the fiber. This influences the modal balance, and therefore on the output intensity.
- FIG. 1 An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1.
- optical fiber 11 with a length of the order of 2 cm (for example), is placed between two jaws 12 and 13.
- the fiber 11 is for example a 50/125 silica fiber with an acrylate coating of 250 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the optical fiber 11 comprises an optically transparent central core with zero applied stress, a layer forming an optical sheath, concentrically surrounding the core and having a refractive index lower than the core, and possibly one or two protective layers more elastic than the first two materials are brought together concentrically.
- one of the constraint parts, or jaws, (12) is flat.
- the other jaw 13 is a serrated part, having several ridges 131, on which the fiber 11 is supported.
- the number of streaks 131 may be of the order of 8 to 12, and for example of 10.
- the pitch between two consecutive streaks is preferably 1.1 mm, for the fiber considered.
- the latter determined the resonance steps and observed the very high sensitivity of a fiber optic sensor compared to that obtained with a point contact (equivalent to a streak) (1.6 dB) for a force of 9 N. measurements have also shown that the width of the resonance peak is a function of the number of streaks and that, for a given number of streaks, the widest peak is not obtained at the first resonance.
- a light source 14 for example of power 1 mW, with pulse or continuous excitation, is placed at one of the ends 111 of the fiber 11. It is for example a laser diode, a light-emitting diode ( LED) or a surface emission laser diode (which has the advantage of higher efficiency).
- a photodiode detector 15 for example of the BPW 34 type distributed by SIEMENS (registered trademarks)
- This detector 15 delivers an electrical signal 151, representative of the light signal received, carrying information representative of the micro-deformations undergone by the fiber 11.
- the plate 16 is intended to come into contact with the skin of a subject. It reflects the movements existing on the surface of the skin and in its vicinity, and in particular those due to variations in instantaneous blood pressure.
- the presence of a ball 17 between the jaw 12 and the plate 16 makes it possible to obtain flexibility in mounting, so that the plate 16 remains as fully as possible applied against the subject's skin.
- the mounting and assembly are very simple, in particular as regards the optical part. In particular, no additional optical component to ensure the injection is necessary.
- the optical fiber is positioned for example using a positioning and holding element in the shape of a "V".
- the light source 14 is placed in the axis, using a preformed part 51 receiving on the one hand the source 14 and on the other hand the end 111 of the optical fiber, according to the assembly illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the device of the invention also comprises means for processing and analyzing the signal 151.
- This amplifier which delivers a continuous component 182 representative of the tightening of the bracelet (in the event that the device described above is placed in a watch case conventionally held by a bracelet).
- This amplifier supplies a voltage of 1 volt for a photodiode current of 0.5 mA.
- a second bandpass amplifier 183 delivers a blood pressure signal 184, having a gain of 50 in the bandwidth 0.1 - 10 Hz.
- the amplification chain comprises two stages 61 and 62 supplied with monotension and with very low consumption.
- the output 63 of the first stage 61 is a function of the tightening of the bracelet.
- This one of standard type, must have an elasticity of 1 mm / N and be tightened in a comfortable way, that is to say approximately with a tightening force ranging between 5 and 10 N.
- the tension output voltage is around 1 V.
- the output voltage is around 2 V, ensuring very good dynamics for measuring bracelet tightness.
- the measurement of this quantity is very important since the amplitude of the second stage output signal is a function of the tightening of the bracelet. The more the bracelet is the better the cardiac impulse is transmitted, through the muscle and the skin via the bracelet, to the serrated moving part compressing the fiber.
- the second stage 62 has the function of amplifying the cardiac pulse in the passband 0.1 Hz-10 Hz.
- This composite signal 64 includes information on the heart rate, an image of the difference in blood pressure, respiratory parameters and possibly a disturbance as a function of movement or of nerve sources exciting the bracelet.
- the processing means 19 format and analyze the signals 182 and 184. In particular, they extract the various information representative of respiration and the heart rate, and perform various calculations on this information, such as those described below in relation with figure 4.
- FIG. 2 An example of signal 184 is presented in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 presents the same signal, transformed in the frequency space.
- the processing means 19 take account of actimetric information delivered by two accelerometers 201 and 202, which supply two conditioners 203 and 204. This information is particularly relevant at the time of certain transitions during sleep or in the event of a fall.
- the accelerations are measured in the following directions, defined by the resting forearm lying horizontally: direction parallel to F forearm; vertical direction.
- the accelerometers are, for example, piezoelectric cells.
- the processing means 19 still manage 191 the laser emission.
- the information obtained 192 feeds transmission means 21 to a remote station 22, such as a microcomputer. Of course, this information can also be reproduced, by a screen and / or a speaker, directly on the housing.
- optical fiber is therefore subjected to micro-deformations, which plays on the light signal transmitted by the fiber. optical.
- This light signal 41 is detected (42) by a photodiode, and amplified (transfer coefficient: 2 V / 20 ⁇ W).
- the electrical signal thus obtained is separated into two elements: a continuous component 43, representative of the tightening of the bracelet; - a composite signal 44.
- This composite signal 44 is amplified (by 50) and undergoes bandpass filtering (0.1 Hz-10 Hz) 45.
- the different information obtained is converted (47) from analog to digital and stored in memory, under the control of a sequencer 413 (64 measurements / channel / s). Then, we separate (48) the different variables forming the composite signal
- the separation 48 makes it possible in particular to extract the following information: - respiratory amplitude and frequency 49 (around 0.3 Hz); heart rate and variance 410; 411 heart rate harmonics; amplitude of the pressure wave and variance 412.
- the application-specific processing 415 is carried out. These may notably be statistical, forecasting or fuzzy logic decisions.
- the variance of the pulse corresponds substantially to the width at half-height of the main line.
- this line can be very resonant (deep sleep) or very wide (awakening).
- the relationship between the amplitude of the second harmonic and the amplitude of the fundamental is an objective indication of the purity of the tensor wave, and therefore a function of the state of the subject.
- a transmission 414 for example via the telephone network, to a monitoring station.
- This provides a remote monitoring service for people at risk.
- an alarm is automatically emitted by the box, and transmitted to the monitoring station.
- a telephone connection is established from this station. In other words, it is telesurveillance (and not telemedicine).
- the decision to generate an alarm partly takes into account the past. This calls for fuzzy logic techniques (associations of objective and subjective information).
- the invention has many other applications. As an indication, we can recall: assistance in the detection of apneas (the device emitting an alarm in the event of a risky situation, or generating an unlocking action); helps in the detection of drowsiness, for example for shift work, tiring and / or dangerous; applications to breeding, for example to check that pigs have not had any disease (by monitoring the sleep and temperature of the animal), or for behavioral monitoring (in particular for breeding animals);
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98952831A EP1035798A1 (en) | 1997-11-03 | 1998-10-30 | Orrichtung und verfahren |
AU10384/99A AU1038499A (en) | 1997-11-03 | 1998-10-30 | Device and method for determining physiological data, and corresponding use |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR97/14113 | 1997-11-03 | ||
FR9714113A FR2770390B1 (en) | 1997-11-03 | 1997-11-03 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING PHYSIOLOGICAL INFORMATION, AND USE THEREOF |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999022641A1 true WO1999022641A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
Family
ID=9513228
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1998/002335 WO1999022641A1 (en) | 1997-11-03 | 1998-10-30 | Device and method for determining physiological data, and corresponding use |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1035798A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1038499A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2770390B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999022641A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2597995A1 (en) | 1986-04-28 | 1987-10-30 | Boucheron Paul | Waking device programmable as a function of personal biological rhythm |
FR2634913A2 (en) | 1986-04-28 | 1990-02-02 | Boucheron Paul | Device intended to allow the awakening of persons in correspondence with their own biological rhythm |
EP0503986A1 (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1992-09-16 | Faiveley Transport | Device for measuring a force and apparatus for collecting the current of an overhead line utilising this device |
FR2679453A1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1993-01-29 | Univ Rennes | Biological awakening device which can be programmed as a function of sleep phases |
WO1993022624A1 (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1993-11-11 | The University Of Queensland | Optical displacement sensor |
WO1994000051A1 (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1994-01-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Blood pressure transducer |
WO1994016610A2 (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1994-08-04 | Universite De Rennes 1 | Device for the determination of physiological information and corresponding use |
EP0846440A2 (en) * | 1996-12-05 | 1998-06-10 | Sarcos, Inc. | System for remote monitoring of personnel |
-
1997
- 1997-11-03 FR FR9714113A patent/FR2770390B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-10-30 AU AU10384/99A patent/AU1038499A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-30 EP EP98952831A patent/EP1035798A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-10-30 WO PCT/FR1998/002335 patent/WO1999022641A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2597995A1 (en) | 1986-04-28 | 1987-10-30 | Boucheron Paul | Waking device programmable as a function of personal biological rhythm |
FR2634913A2 (en) | 1986-04-28 | 1990-02-02 | Boucheron Paul | Device intended to allow the awakening of persons in correspondence with their own biological rhythm |
EP0503986A1 (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1992-09-16 | Faiveley Transport | Device for measuring a force and apparatus for collecting the current of an overhead line utilising this device |
FR2679453A1 (en) | 1991-07-26 | 1993-01-29 | Univ Rennes | Biological awakening device which can be programmed as a function of sleep phases |
WO1993022624A1 (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1993-11-11 | The University Of Queensland | Optical displacement sensor |
WO1994000051A1 (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1994-01-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Blood pressure transducer |
WO1994016610A2 (en) | 1993-01-28 | 1994-08-04 | Universite De Rennes 1 | Device for the determination of physiological information and corresponding use |
EP0846440A2 (en) * | 1996-12-05 | 1998-06-10 | Sarcos, Inc. | System for remote monitoring of personnel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2770390A1 (en) | 1999-05-07 |
EP1035798A1 (en) | 2000-09-20 |
FR2770390B1 (en) | 2000-01-28 |
AU1038499A (en) | 1999-05-24 |
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