WO1999017005A1 - Method and device for cleaning exhaust gases in a combustion system - Google Patents

Method and device for cleaning exhaust gases in a combustion system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999017005A1
WO1999017005A1 PCT/DE1998/002779 DE9802779W WO9917005A1 WO 1999017005 A1 WO1999017005 A1 WO 1999017005A1 DE 9802779 W DE9802779 W DE 9802779W WO 9917005 A1 WO9917005 A1 WO 9917005A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
exhaust gas
catalyst
temperature
catalytic converter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1998/002779
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ronald Neufert
Klaus Wenzlawski
Dietmar Weisensel
Günther PAJONK
Winfried DÖLLING
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1999017005A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999017005A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/204—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using an exhaust gas igniter, e.g. a spark or glow plug, without introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for reducing pollutants in the exhaust gas of an incinerator, in particular an internal combustion engine, preferably a diesel engine operated with diesel fuel.
  • pollutants can arise to a not inconsiderable extent, which are released into the environment via the exhaust gas and can cause damage there.
  • DE 43 109 26 A has proposed that the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine to be treated be passed through a branch of the exhaust pipe before flowing through the catalytic converter and there, with the aid of a separately arranged heating device, e.g. an electric heater or a blue burner.
  • a separately arranged heating device e.g. an electric heater or a blue burner.
  • a disadvantage of the said heater and the Kuhlein- direction is that the exhaust gas for setting the desired temperature of the cooling or heating needs to be supplied via a complicated system of valves and deflectors with ⁇ means of various branches.
  • the associated, moreover technically difficult to realize ification Mo ⁇ the exhaust pipe leads to a substantial increase in exhaust back pressure, which consuming to an unwanted majority leads a so equipped incinerator.
  • the increased space requirements prove to be particularly disadvantageous.
  • the retrofitting of an existing incinerator with such a system also causes considerable effort, which is associated with high costs.
  • DE 196 26 836 A discloses a method for denitrifying the exhaust gases of a diesel engine using a NOx storage catalytic converter.
  • the exhaust gas is passed through an additional branch.
  • fuel is introduced into the exhaust gas and oxidized on an oxidation catalytic converter.
  • An additional oxidation catalyst is required.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for cleaning the exhaust gas of an incineration plant, in particular an internal combustion engine, such as e.g. a diesel engine, which enables an effective catalytic conversion of the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas even with load changes and fluctuating exhaust gas temperatures. This should be done with a small space requirement and particularly easy to implement technical means.
  • an internal combustion engine such as e.g. a diesel engine
  • the first-mentioned object is achieved by a method for purifying the exhaust gas of a fuel-operated combustion system, in which the exhaust gas is passed through a catalytic converter via an exhaust gas line, according to the invention by means of a cold start and / or during or after an idling phase of the combustion system insertion device arranged on the exhaust gas line specifically m the fuel fed into the exhaust gas line, in particular fuel and / or by operating the incineration system with an excess of fuel specifically m the fuel fed into the exhaust gas line and / or as a fuel which in the exhaust gas during normal operation of the incinerator, the unburned portions from the fuel, in particular hydrocarbons, are ignited in the inlet area of the catalytic converter or in the catalytic converter, as a result of which the exhaust gas flowing into the catalytic converter or in the catalytic converter is heated and heats up the catalytic converter.
  • fuel is understood to mean any substance contained in or introduced into the exhaust gas, which by ignition contributes to increasing the exhaust gas temperature.
  • a fuel that is specifically fed into the exhaust gas line and is intended to ignite is also referred to as fuel, as is the unburned portions of the fuel contained in the exhaust gas if these are ignited to heat the catalytic converter.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a rapid increase in the exhaust gas temperature before flowing through the catalyst leads to a rapid increase in the catalyst temperature and thus the operating temperature of the catalyst, i.e. the temperature at which an effective pollutant conversion is achieved, especially when there is a positive load jump.
  • a Burn ⁇ incineration plant during normal operation particularly an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, with positive load transients, such as the "cold start” or the “full throttle” for an "idle phase” increased unburned fuel components, such as hydrocarbons.
  • unburned fuel components also known as white smoke
  • a catalytic converter can be used as fuel to increase the exhaust gas temperature.
  • an appropriate ignition device of this fuel can in the inlet region of the catalyst or the catalyst at EXISTING ⁇ densein be ignited by residual oxygen, whereby the waste gas temperature is raised directly at the catalyst.
  • additional or separate fuel can be introduced directly into the exhaust gas in front of the ignition device. This can be done, for example, by blowing, injecting or embedding. Additionally or alternatively, the fuel can be specifically fed in that excess fuel is fed to the incineration plant. The introduction of an additional amount of fuel then leads in the incineration plant to the formation of white smoke, which serves as fuel to increase the exhaust gas temperature. In this way, it is also possible to provide the fuel in the exhaust gas without additional components and without taking up additional installation space.
  • the fuel is advantageously fed in by means of an emission device arranged on the exhaust gas line in a targeted manner m the exhaust gas line and thus m the exhaust gas.
  • the fuel of the incinerator itself or another highly flammable fluid, such as e.g. Methane or natural gas can be used.
  • the fuel directly introduced into the exhaust gas and / or emitted by the combustion system is ignited if necessary in the inlet area of the catalytic converter or directly in the catalytic converter, as a result of which the catalytic converter is heated up uniformly and rapidly to its operating temperature, which leads to efficient decomposition of the Exhaust gas contains pollutants even at low exhaust gas temperatures, e.g. during the start-up phase of the incinerator.
  • the temperature of the catalyst can advantageously be influenced by admixing a cooling fluid in order to keep the temperature of the catalyst within a desired range. This can increase the temperature of the talysators or its temperature can be slowed down or reduced.
  • the exhaust gas can also be admixed as a cooling fluid with the reducing agent which is used in the exhaust gas purification according to the selective catalytic reduction ( SCR process) is used to reduce nitrogen oxides.
  • This reducing agent can be, for example, an aqueous urea solution which is injected into the exhaust gas.
  • the targeted feeding of fuel m the exhaust gas is throttled or stopped and / or the ignition device is switched off when the catalytic converter has reached a predetermined maximum temperature.
  • the cooling fluid can be injected into the exhaust gas if the maximum temperature is exceeded.
  • This method makes it possible to temper the catalytic converter largely independently of the current load situation of the incineration plant and the associated exhaust gas temperatures so that the catalytic converter temperature is within a desired range, which ensures efficient catalytic degradation of the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas.
  • the necessary temperature detection can be done, for example, using a suitable temperature sensor located on the catalytic converter, e.g. a thermocouple such as NiCr-Ni or Pt 100.
  • the second-mentioned object relating to the device is achieved according to the invention by a device for cleaning the exhaust gas of a combustion system, in particular an internal combustion engine, preferably a diesel engine, with an exhaust pipe, with a catalytic converter for removing pollutants contained in the exhaust gas, with a device for introducing one Fuel m the exhaust gas, with a between the device for introducing the fuel and the catalytic converter Tor or directly on the catalyst arranged ignition device for igniting the fuel and with a control unit for monitoring the device for introducing the fuel and the ignition device.
  • a device for cleaning the exhaust gas of a combustion system in particular an internal combustion engine, preferably a diesel engine, with an exhaust pipe, with a catalytic converter for removing pollutants contained in the exhaust gas, with a device for introducing one Fuel m the exhaust gas, with a between the device for introducing the fuel and the catalytic converter Tor or directly on the catalyst arranged ignition device for igniting the fuel and with a control unit for monitoring the device for introducing the fuel
  • the device for introducing the fuel into the exhaust gas comprises the combustion system, in particular the internal combustion engine.
  • the combustion system in particular the internal combustion engine.
  • white smoke is increasingly formed, which can then serve as a fuel in inflammation to increase the catalyst temperature.
  • this can serve for the targeted injection of diesel fuel and thus for an increased formation of white smoke.
  • the introduction of fuel into the exhaust gas can be done so without ⁇ additional components and without stress additional installation space.
  • an existing electronic engine control system as is present in modern engines, can be used as a control unit.
  • the device for introducing fuel into the exhaust gas can additionally or separately also comprise an injection device arranged between the combustion system, in particular the internal combustion engine, and the catalytic converter for metering the fuel into the exhaust gas.
  • the injection device comprises a storage container for fuel and an injection nozzle connected to it.
  • the fuel of the incineration plant is used as fuel, in the case of a diesel engine, for example, diesel fuel, a separate storage tank for fuel can be dispensed with. Except for the additional injection nozzle to be implemented, as well as a fuel line from the fuel tank to the injection nozzle and, of course, the ignition device for igniting the fuel, no further structural changes to an existing combustion system are required.
  • the ignition device is arranged between the introduction device for fuel and the catalytic converter or directly on the catalytic converter. This allows the fuel to ignite before or immediately on the catalytic converter.
  • the ignition device is advantageously designed as a glow plug.
  • a device for admixing a fluid cooling the catalytic converter is advantageously arranged between the combustion system and the catalytic converter.
  • the cooling fluid is mixed with the exhaust gas and thereby lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas and thus of the downstream components, in particular the temperature of the downstream catalyst.
  • a temperature sensor is advantageously assigned to the catalytic converter which measures the temperature of the catalytic converter.
  • the temperature sensor is connected to a control unit which makes the ignition device, the device for introducing the fuel and / or the device for admixing the cooling fluid dependent on the
  • Catalyst controls catalyst temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
  • the control Temperature of the catalyst determined using the temperature sensor. If the measured temperature falls below a predetermined minimum temperature, the control unit initiates the targeted introduction of fuel into the exhaust gas or the combustion system itself and sets the ignition device to ignite the fuel to ignite the fuel. If a predetermined maximum temperature is exceeded, the controlled introduction is stopped via the control unit or the ignition device is put out of operation. A cooling fluid may also be introduced if the temperature of the catalyst does not drop quickly enough.
  • the figure shows a diesel engine and an attached device for denitrification of the exhaust gas with a DeNOX catalytic converter, a metering device for an aqueous urea solution and with a device for introducing diesel fuel m the exhaust gas, m the exhaust pipe being an ignition device for igniting the diesel fuel vorese ⁇
  • a diesel engine is shown as a combustion system 1, which is connected to a catalytic converter 5 via an exhaust pipe 3.
  • the catalyst 5 is designed as a DeNOx catalyst based on titanium dioxide with admixtures of vanadium pentoxide, molybdenum trioxide and tungsten trioxide for the decomposition of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas according to the SCR method, which a temperature sensor 6 for determining the temperature of the catalyst 5 assigned.
  • the temperature sensor is designed as a thermocouple.
  • An ignition device 8 which is designed as a switchable glow plug, is arranged in the exhaust line 3 in the flow direction 7 of the exhaust gas A upstream of the catalytic converter 5. Between of the ignition device 8 and the diesel engine, the exhaust line 3 has a controllable injection nozzle 9 for introducing fuel B into the exhaust gas A of the diesel engine.
  • the fuel K of the diesel engine namely diesel fuel, is used as fuel B and is stored in a fuel tank 11.
  • the controllable injection nozzle 9 is part of an injection device 13, which further comprises a fuel feed line 15 and the fuel tank 11 of the diesel engine.
  • the injection nozzle is connected to a control unit 29 via a control line 31.
  • a metering device for an aqueous reducing agent solution R in this case an aqueous urea solution, is arranged on the exhaust pipe. It comprises a reducing agent tank 19 which is connected via a reducing agent line 21 to a controllable admixing nozzle 23 opening into the exhaust gas line 3. The admixing nozzle 23 is controlled by the control unit 29 via a control line 35. In normal operation, an amount of the urea solution corresponding to the nitrogen oxide concentration is injected so that the nitrogen oxides can be reacted on the catalyst 5 with the ammonia released from the urea without ammonia slip occurring.
  • the metering device is at the same time a device for admixing a cooling fluid, since if the temperature of the catalyst is too high, more urea solution is introduced to cool it. In this case, only insofar increased urea solution introduced ⁇ than not leads to a slip of ammonia.
  • the diesel engine has an injection system 25, which is connected to the fuel tank 11 via a fuel line 27.
  • the injection of the fuel into the diesel K ⁇ motor is also controlled by the control line 37 via the control unit 29th
  • exhaust gas A is produced, which is passed to the catalyst 6 via the exhaust line 3.
  • the unburned fuel components for example hydrocarbons, of which serve as fuel B to increase the exhaust gas temperature.
  • This fuel is ignited in the exhaust pipe 3 in front of the catalytic converter 5 at the ignition device 8 switched on by the control unit 29 and heats the exhaust gas A, which then flows through the catalytic converter 5 and heats it uniformly.
  • the temperature T measured on the catalytic converter 5 is compared in the control unit 29 with a predetermined minimum temperature T 0 .
  • the starting temperature of the catalytic converter 5, ie the temperature at which the catalytic converter achieves approximately 25% of its possible conversion rate, is selected here as the minimum temperature T 0 . If the measured temperature T of the catalyst 5 is below the temperature T, the fuel throughput of the injection system 25 is increased by the control unit 29 via the control line 37. Excess fuel K is thereby supplied to the diesel engine, which increases the proportion of fuel B in the exhaust gas A.
  • the fuel is ignited at the ignition device 8 connected by the control unit 29 via the control line 31, as a result of which the temperature T of the catalytic converter 5 increases.
  • control unit 29 by means of the injection nozzle 9 causes fuel B, in the present case diesel fuel, to be introduced directly into the exhaust gas A.
  • the temperature T of the catalytic converter 5 measured by the temperature sensor 6 exceeds a predetermined maximum temperature Ti, then the targeted introduction of additional fuel K in the diesel engine by the injection system 25 and, if appropriate, the direct introduction of fuel B into the exhaust gas A by the injection device 13 stopped by the control device 29.
  • the ignition device 8 can be switched off by the control device 29.
  • control unit 29 can additionally add aqueous reducing agent solution R from the reducing agent tank 19 in a targeted manner to cool the catalyst 5 into the exhaust gas A via the admixing nozzle 23 of the metering device.
  • the aqueous reducing agent R acts as a cooling fluid on the active surface of the catalyst 5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

According to the invention, the temperature of a catalyst in a device for cleaning the exhaust gases (A) of a combustion system, especially an internal combustion engine, is increased by igniting fuel (B) fed into the exhaust pipe or unburnt fuel fractions contained in the intake area of the catalyst (5) or inside the catalyst (5). This enables efficient conversion of toxic substances even at low exhaust gas temperatures, e.g. when the combustion system starts up.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Reinigung des Abgases einer VerbrennungsanlägeMethod and device for cleaning the exhaust gas of an incineration plant
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur Schadstoffminderung im Abgas einer Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere eines Verbrennungsmotors, bevorzugt eines mit Dieselkraftstoff betriebenen Dieselmotors.The invention relates to a method and a device for reducing pollutants in the exhaust gas of an incinerator, in particular an internal combustion engine, preferably a diesel engine operated with diesel fuel.
Bei der Verbrennung eines Kraftstoffes in einer Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere eines Verbrennungsmotors, können in nicht unerheblichem Umfang Schadstoffe entstehen, die über das Abgas an die Umwelt abgegeben werden und dort Schäden an- richten können.When a fuel is burned in a combustion system, in particular an internal combustion engine, pollutants can arise to a not inconsiderable extent, which are released into the environment via the exhaust gas and can cause damage there.
Um den Eintrag von Schadstoffen in die Umwelt zu vermindern, ist der Einsatz von in einer Abgasleitung einer Verbrennungsanlage angeordneten Katalysatoren zur katalytischen Umwand- lung von im Abgas enthaltenen Schadstoffen in unbedenkliche Stoffe bekannt. Katalysatoren müssen jedoch zur effektiven Umsetzung der Schadstoffe eine gewisse Betriebstemperatur aufweisen, unterhalb derer nur ungenügende Schadstoffumsatzraten erreicht werden. Die katalytische Aktivität nimmt dabei innerhalb eines weiten Bereiches generell mit steigender Temperatur zu.In order to reduce the entry of pollutants into the environment, the use of catalysts arranged in an exhaust pipe of an incineration plant is known for the catalytic conversion of pollutants contained in the exhaust gas into harmless substances. However, for effective conversion of the pollutants, catalysts must have a certain operating temperature below which insufficient pollutant conversion rates are achieved. The catalytic activity generally increases with increasing temperature within a wide range.
Bei einer Verbrennungsanlage, die häufigen Lastwechseln unterliegt, treten stark schwankende Abgastemperaturen auf. Ein in der Abgasleitung einer derartigen Verbrennungsanlage angebrachter Katalysator, dessen Temperatur im wesentlichen von der Abgastemperatur abhängig ist, weist daher häufig nicht eine zur effektiven Umsetzung der anfallenden Schadstoffe notwendige Temperatur auf. So ist die Temperatur eines derar- tigen Katalysators z.B. bei einem plötzlichen Lastanstieg oder positiven Lastwechsel der Verbrennungsanlage für die vollständige Umsetzung der dann vermehrt anfallenden Schadstoffe zu niedrig. Dieser Fall tritt regelmäßig beim Inbetriebsetzen einer Verbrennungsanlage auf. Insbesondere treten solche positiven Lastwechsel auch bei einem zur Traktion verwendeten Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere einem Dieselmotor, auf. Dies ist z.B. der Fall bei einem "Kaltstart" oder bei einem "Vollgasbetrieb" nach längerem "Leerlaufbetrieb" .In an incineration plant that is subject to frequent load changes, exhaust gas temperatures fluctuate greatly. A catalytic converter installed in the exhaust line of such an incineration plant, the temperature of which essentially depends on the exhaust gas temperature, therefore often does not have a temperature which is necessary for the effective conversion of the pollutants obtained. The temperature of such a catalytic converter is, for example, a sudden increase in load or positive load changes of the incineration plant are too low for the complete implementation of the pollutants that then accumulate. This occurs regularly when an incinerator is started up. In particular, such positive load changes also occur in an internal combustion engine used for traction, in particular a diesel engine. This is the case, for example, with a "cold start" or with a "full throttle" after a long period of "idling".
Um die Nachteile einer nicht angepaßten Temperatur des Katalysators zu vermeiden, ist m der DE 43 109 26 A vorgeschlagen worden, das zu behandelnde Abgas eines Verbrennungsmotors vor dem Durchströmen des Katalysators über eine Abzweigung der Abgasleitung zu leiten und dort mit Hilfe einer separat angeordneten Heizeinrichtung, z.B. einer elektrischen Hei- zemrichtung oder einem Blaubrenner, zu erwarmen. Zur Einstellung der Betriebstemperatur des Katalysators ist ferner vorgeschlagen worden, das Abgas durch eine weitere Abzweigung der Abgasleitung zu fuhren und dort mittels einer Kuhlein- πchtung vor dem Durchströmen des Katalysators zu kühlen.In order to avoid the disadvantages of an unmatched temperature of the catalytic converter, DE 43 109 26 A has proposed that the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine to be treated be passed through a branch of the exhaust pipe before flowing through the catalytic converter and there, with the aid of a separately arranged heating device, e.g. an electric heater or a blue burner. To adjust the operating temperature of the catalytic converter, it has also been proposed to guide the exhaust gas through a further branch of the exhaust pipe and to cool it there by means of a cooling device before flowing through the catalytic converter.
Ein Nachteil der genannten Heizeinrichtung und der Kuhlein- richtung besteht darin, daß das Abgas zur Einstellung der gewünschten Temperatur den Kühl- oder Heizeinrichtungen über ein kompliziertes System aus Umlenkklappen und Ventilen mit¬ tels diverser Abzweigungen zugeleitet werden muß. Die damit verbundene, im übrigen technisch schwer zu realisierende Mo¬ difikation der Abgasleitung fuhrt zu einem erheblichen Anstieg des Abgasgegendruckes, was zu einem unerwünschten Mehr- verbrauch einer derart ausgestatteten Verbrennungsanlage fuhrt. Für nichtstationare Verbrennungsanlagen mit beengten Einbauverhaltnissen, wie beispielsweise einem Dieselmotor zur Traktion eines PKW oder eines LKW, erweist sich zudem die erhöhte Bauraumbeanspruchung als besonders nachteilig. Die Nachrüstung einer bestehenden Verbrennungsanlage mit einem derartigen System verursacht zudem einen erheblichen Aufwand, der mit hohen Kosten verbunden ist. Aus der DE 196 26 836 A ist ein Verfahren zum Entsticken der Abgase eines Dieselmotors mittels eines NOx-Speicherkatalysa- tors bekannt. Zum Regenerieren des NOx-Speicherkatalysators wird das Abgas über eine zusatzliche Abzweigung geleitet. Zum Heizen des NOx-Speicherkatalysators wird Kraftstoff m das Abgas eingebracht und an einem Oxidationskatalysator oxi- diert. Es wird ein zusatzlicher Oxidationskatalysator erforderlich.A disadvantage of the said heater and the Kuhlein- direction is that the exhaust gas for setting the desired temperature of the cooling or heating needs to be supplied via a complicated system of valves and deflectors with ¬ means of various branches. The associated, moreover technically difficult to realize ification Mo ¬ the exhaust pipe leads to a substantial increase in exhaust back pressure, which consuming to an unwanted majority leads a so equipped incinerator. For non-stationary incineration plants with cramped installation conditions, such as a diesel engine for traction in a car or a truck, the increased space requirements prove to be particularly disadvantageous. The retrofitting of an existing incinerator with such a system also causes considerable effort, which is associated with high costs. DE 196 26 836 A discloses a method for denitrifying the exhaust gases of a diesel engine using a NOx storage catalytic converter. To regenerate the NOx storage catalytic converter, the exhaust gas is passed through an additional branch. To heat the NOx storage catalytic converter, fuel is introduced into the exhaust gas and oxidized on an oxidation catalytic converter. An additional oxidation catalyst is required.
Aus der US 5,644,913 ist ein Verfahren zum Heizen eines Katalysators im Abgaskanal eines Otto-Motors bekannt. Dabei wird der Motor derart betrieben, daß die Hälfte der Zylinder mit Sauerstoff-Unterschuß arbeitet und die andere Hälfte der Zylinder keinen Kraftstoff erhalt. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein brennbares Abgas, welches zum Erwarmen entzündet wird. Nachteilig wird der Betrieb des Motors negativ beeinflußt.From US 5,644,913 a method for heating a catalyst in the exhaust duct of an Otto engine is known. The engine is operated in such a way that half of the cylinders operate with an oxygen deficit and the other half of the cylinders do not receive any fuel. This creates a flammable exhaust gas, which is ignited for heating. The operation of the motor is adversely affected.
Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur Reinigung des Abgases einer Verbren- nungsanlage, insbesondere eines Verbrennungsmotors, wie z.B. einem Dieselmotor, anzugeben, womit eine effektive katalyti- sche Umsetzung der im Abgas enthaltenen Schadstoffe auch bei Lastwechseln und schwankenden Abgastemperaturen ermöglicht wird. Dies soll mit geringer Bauraumbeanspruchung und beson- ders einfach zu realisierenden technischen Mitteln geschehen.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for cleaning the exhaust gas of an incineration plant, in particular an internal combustion engine, such as e.g. a diesel engine, which enables an effective catalytic conversion of the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas even with load changes and fluctuating exhaust gas temperatures. This should be done with a small space requirement and particularly easy to implement technical means.
Die erstgenannte Aufgabe wird gelost durch ein Verfahren zur Reinigung des Abgases einer mit einem Kraftstoff betriebenen Verbrennungsanlage, bei dem das Abgas über eine Abgasleitung durch einen Katalysator geleitet wird, wobei erfmdungsgemaß bei einem Kaltstart und/oder wahrend oder direkt nach einer Leerlaufphase der Verbrennungsanlage mittels einer an der Abgasleitung angeordneten Einbringeinrichtung gezielt m die Abgasleitung eingespeister Brennstoff, insbesondere Kraft- stoff und/oder durch Betrieb der Verbrennungsanlage mit einem Überschuß an Kraftstoff gezielt m die Abgasleitung eingespeister Brennstoff und/oder als ein Brennstoff die im Abgas bei Normalbetrieb der Verbrennungsanlage enthaltenen unverbrannten Anteile aus dem Kraftstoff, insbesondere Kohlenwasserstoffe, im Einlaufbereich des Katalysators oder im Katalysator entzündet werden, wodurch das in den Katalysator ein- strömende bzw. im Katalysator befindliche Abgas erwärmt wird und den Katalysator aufheizt.The first-mentioned object is achieved by a method for purifying the exhaust gas of a fuel-operated combustion system, in which the exhaust gas is passed through a catalytic converter via an exhaust gas line, according to the invention by means of a cold start and / or during or after an idling phase of the combustion system insertion device arranged on the exhaust gas line specifically m the fuel fed into the exhaust gas line, in particular fuel and / or by operating the incineration system with an excess of fuel specifically m the fuel fed into the exhaust gas line and / or as a fuel which in the exhaust gas during normal operation of the incinerator, the unburned portions from the fuel, in particular hydrocarbons, are ignited in the inlet area of the catalytic converter or in the catalytic converter, as a result of which the exhaust gas flowing into the catalytic converter or in the catalytic converter is heated and heats up the catalytic converter.
Unter Brennstoff wird dabei nachfolgend jede im Abgas enthaltene oder in das Abgas eingebrachte Substanz verstanden, die durch Entzünden zur Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur beiträgt.In the following, fuel is understood to mean any substance contained in or introduced into the exhaust gas, which by ignition contributes to increasing the exhaust gas temperature.
Insofern wird ein gezielt in die Abgasleitung eingespeister, zur Entzündung vorgesehener Kraftstoff ebenso als Brennstoff bezeichnet, wie die im Abgas enthaltenen unverbrannten Anteile des Kraftstoffs, falls diese zur Erwärmung des Kataly- sators entzündet werden.In this respect, a fuel that is specifically fed into the exhaust gas line and is intended to ignite is also referred to as fuel, as is the unburned portions of the fuel contained in the exhaust gas if these are ignited to heat the catalytic converter.
Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, daß eine schnelle Steigerung der Abgastemperatur vor dem Durchströmen des Katalysators zu einem raschen Anstieg der Katalysatortem- peratur führt und so die Betriebstemperatur des Katalysators, d.h. diejenige Temperatur, bei welcher eine effektive SchadstoffUmsetzung erzielt wird, besonders bei einem positiven Lastsprung schnell erreicht wird.The invention is based on the consideration that a rapid increase in the exhaust gas temperature before flowing through the catalyst leads to a rapid increase in the catalyst temperature and thus the operating temperature of the catalyst, i.e. the temperature at which an effective pollutant conversion is achieved, especially when there is a positive load jump.
Weiter wird von der Überlegung ausgegangen, daß eine Verbren¬ nungsanlage auch im Normalbetrieb, insbesondere ein Verbrennungsmotor, wie z.B. ein Dieselmotor, bei positiven Lastsprüngen, wie z.B. beim "Kaltstart" oder beim "Vollgasbetrieb" nach einer "Leerlaufphase", vermehrt unverbrannte Kraftstoffanteile, wie beispielsweise Kohlenwasserstoffe, emittiert. Diese unverbrannten Kraftstoffanteile, auch Weißrauch genannt, schlagen sich auf den nachgeschalteten Bauteilen, insbesondere auf einem Katalysator, nieder und können als Brennstoff zur Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur dienen. Durch eine geeignete Zündvorrichtung kann dieser Brennstoff im Einlaufbereich des Katalysators oder im Katalysator bei Vorhan¬ densein von Restsauerstoff entzündet werden, wodurch die Ab- gastemperatur direkt am Katalysator angehoben wird. Weiterhin kann zusätzlich oder separat gezielt Brennstoff direkt m das Abgas vor der Zündeinrichtung eingebracht werden. Dies kann z.B. durch Einblasen, Einspritzen oder Emdusen geschehen. Zusatzlich oder alternativ kann der Brennstoff gezielt dadurch eingespeist werden, daß der Verbrennungsanlage überschüssig Kraftstoff zugeleitet wird. Die Einbringung einer zusätzlichen Menge Kraftstoff fuhrt dann m der Verbrennungsanlage vermehrt zur Bildung von Weißrauch, der als Brennstoff zur Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur dient. Auf diese Weise ist es auch möglich, die Brennstoffembringung m das Abgas ohne zusatzliche Bauteile und ohne Beanspruchung zusatzlichen Bauraums zu tatigen.Next, it is based on the idea that a Burn ¬ incineration plant during normal operation, particularly an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, with positive load transients, such as the "cold start" or the "full throttle" for an "idle phase" increased unburned fuel components, such as hydrocarbons. These unburned fuel components, also known as white smoke, are deposited on the downstream components, in particular on a catalytic converter, and can be used as fuel to increase the exhaust gas temperature. By an appropriate ignition device of this fuel can in the inlet region of the catalyst or the catalyst at EXISTING ¬ densein be ignited by residual oxygen, whereby the waste gas temperature is raised directly at the catalyst. Furthermore, additional or separate fuel can be introduced directly into the exhaust gas in front of the ignition device. This can be done, for example, by blowing, injecting or embedding. Additionally or alternatively, the fuel can be specifically fed in that excess fuel is fed to the incineration plant. The introduction of an additional amount of fuel then leads in the incineration plant to the formation of white smoke, which serves as fuel to increase the exhaust gas temperature. In this way, it is also possible to provide the fuel in the exhaust gas without additional components and without taking up additional installation space.
Auf diese Weise kann die Betriebstemperatur des Katalysators ohne umständliche Abgasfuhrung schnell erreicht werden.In this way, the operating temperature of the catalyst can be reached quickly without cumbersome exhaust gas routing.
Vorteilhaft wird der Brennstoff mittels einer an der Abgasleitung angeordneten Emdusemrichtung gezielt m die Abgas- leitung und damit m das Abgas eingespeist. Als ein Brennstoff kann dabei der Kraftstoff der Verbrennungsanlage selbst oder ein anderes leicht entzündliches Fluid, wie z.B. Methan oder Erdgas, verwendet werden.The fuel is advantageously fed in by means of an emission device arranged on the exhaust gas line in a targeted manner m the exhaust gas line and thus m the exhaust gas. The fuel of the incinerator itself or another highly flammable fluid, such as e.g. Methane or natural gas can be used.
Der m das Abgas direkt eingebrachte und/oder durch die Verbrennungsanlage emittierte Brennstoff wird bei Bedarf im Ein- laufbereich des Katalysators oder direkt im Katalysator entzündet, wodurch der Katalysator gleichmäßig und rasch auf seine Betriebstemperatur aufgeheizt wird, was zu einem effi- zienten Abbau der im Abgas enthaltenen Schadstoffe selbst bei niedrigen Abgastemperaturen, z.B. wahrend der Startphase der Verbrennungssanlage, fuhrt.The fuel directly introduced into the exhaust gas and / or emitted by the combustion system is ignited if necessary in the inlet area of the catalytic converter or directly in the catalytic converter, as a result of which the catalytic converter is heated up uniformly and rapidly to its operating temperature, which leads to efficient decomposition of the Exhaust gas contains pollutants even at low exhaust gas temperatures, e.g. during the start-up phase of the incinerator.
Vorteilhaft kann die Temperatur des Katalysators durch die Zumischung eines kühlenden Fluids beeinflußt werden, um die Temperatur des Katalysators innerhalb eines gewünschten Bereiches zu halten. Dadurch kann der Temperaturanstieg des Ka- talysators oder seine Temperatur verlangsamt bzw. verringert werden. Bei einer mit Luftuberschuß betriebenen Verbrennungsanlage, wie z.B. einem Dieselmotor, bei der zur Abgasreini- gung ein DeNOx-Katalysator eingesetzt wird, kann dem Abgas als kühlendes Fluid auch das Reduktionsmittel zugemischt werden, welches bei der Abgasreinigung nach dem Verfahren der selektiven, katalytischen Reduktion (SCR-Verfahren) zur Reduktion der Stickoxide verwendet wird. Dieses Reduktionsmittels kann beispielsweise eine wäßrige Harnstofflosung sein, die m das Abgas eingespritzt wird.The temperature of the catalyst can advantageously be influenced by admixing a cooling fluid in order to keep the temperature of the catalyst within a desired range. This can increase the temperature of the talysators or its temperature can be slowed down or reduced. In a combustion system operated with excess air, such as a diesel engine, in which a DeNOx catalytic converter is used for exhaust gas purification, the exhaust gas can also be admixed as a cooling fluid with the reducing agent which is used in the exhaust gas purification according to the selective catalytic reduction ( SCR process) is used to reduce nitrogen oxides. This reducing agent can be, for example, an aqueous urea solution which is injected into the exhaust gas.
Vorteilhaft wird das gezielte Einspeisen von Brennstoff m das Abgas gedrosselt oder gestoppt und/oder die Zündvorrichtung ausgeschaltet, wenn der Katalysator eine vorgegebene Ma- ximaltemperatur erreicht hat. Um eine schnelle Abkühlung der Katalysatortemperatur zu erzielen, kann bei Überschreiten der Maximaltemperatur das Einspritzen des kühlenden Fluids m das Abgas erfolgen.The targeted feeding of fuel m the exhaust gas is throttled or stopped and / or the ignition device is switched off when the catalytic converter has reached a predetermined maximum temperature. In order to achieve a rapid cooling of the catalyst temperature, the cooling fluid can be injected into the exhaust gas if the maximum temperature is exceeded.
Dieses Verfahren ermöglicht es, den Katalysator weitgehend unabhängig vom momentanen Lastfall der Verbrennungsanlage und den damit verbundenen Abgastemperaturen so zu temperieren, daß die Katalysatortemperatur innerhalb eines gewünschten Bereiches liegt, m dem ein effizienter katalytischer Abbau der im Abgas enthaltenen Schadstoffe gewährleistet ist. Die notige Temperaturerfassung kann dabei beispielsweise über einen geeigneten, am Katalysator angeordneten Temperatursensor, z.B. einem Thermoelement wie NiCr-Ni oder Pt 100 erfolgen.This method makes it possible to temper the catalytic converter largely independently of the current load situation of the incineration plant and the associated exhaust gas temperatures so that the catalytic converter temperature is within a desired range, which ensures efficient catalytic degradation of the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas. The necessary temperature detection can be done, for example, using a suitable temperature sensor located on the catalytic converter, e.g. a thermocouple such as NiCr-Ni or Pt 100.
Die zweitgenannte Aufgabe bezuglich der Einrichtung wird er- fmdungsgemaß gelost durch eine Einrichtung zur Reinigung des Abgases einer Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere eines Verbrennungsmotors, bevorzugt eines Dieselmotors, mit einer Abgasleitung, mit einem Katalysator zur Entfernung von im Abgas enthaltenen Schadstoffen, mit einer Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Brennstoffs m das Abgas, mit einer zwischen der Vorrichtung zum Einbringen des Brennstoffs und dem Katalysa- tor oder unmittelbar am Katalysator angeordneten Zündeinrichtung zum Entzünden des Brennstoffs sowie mit einer Kontrolleinheit zur Überwachung der Vorrichtung zum Einbringen des Brennstoffs und der Zündvorrichtung.The second-mentioned object relating to the device is achieved according to the invention by a device for cleaning the exhaust gas of a combustion system, in particular an internal combustion engine, preferably a diesel engine, with an exhaust pipe, with a catalytic converter for removing pollutants contained in the exhaust gas, with a device for introducing one Fuel m the exhaust gas, with a between the device for introducing the fuel and the catalytic converter Tor or directly on the catalyst arranged ignition device for igniting the fuel and with a control unit for monitoring the device for introducing the fuel and the ignition device.
Nach Bedarf umfaßt die Vorrichtung zum Einbringen des Brennstoffes in das Abgas die Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere den Verbrennungsmotor. Durch die gezielte Einbringung einer zu¬ sätzlichen Kraftstoffmenge in die Verbrennungsanlage wird vermehrt Weißrauch gebildet, der dann als Brennstoff bei Entzündung zur Erhöhung der Katalysatortemperatur dienen kann. Insbesondere bei einem Dieselmotor mit vorhandener Einspritz- anlage kann diese zur gezielten Einspritzung von Dieselkraftstoff und damit zu einer vermehrten Weißrauchbildung dienen. Die Einbringung von Brennstoff in das Abgas kann so ohne zu¬ sätzliche Bauteile und ohne Beanspruchung zusätzlichen Bauraums erfolgen. Insbesondere kann eine vorhandene elektronische Motorsteuerung, wie sie bei modernen Motoren vorhanden ist, als Kontrolleinheit herangezogen werden.If required, the device for introducing the fuel into the exhaust gas comprises the combustion system, in particular the internal combustion engine. By the targeted introduction of a sätzlichen to ¬ amount of fuel into the incinerator white smoke is increasingly formed, which can then serve as a fuel in inflammation to increase the catalyst temperature. In particular in the case of a diesel engine with an existing injection system, this can serve for the targeted injection of diesel fuel and thus for an increased formation of white smoke. The introduction of fuel into the exhaust gas can be done so without ¬ additional components and without stress additional installation space. In particular, an existing electronic engine control system, as is present in modern engines, can be used as a control unit.
Die Vorrichtung zur Einbringung von Brennstoff in das Abgas kann jedoch zusätzlich oder separat auch eine zwischen der Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere dem Verbrennungsmotor, und dem Katalysator angeordnete Eindüseinrichtung zur Zudosierung des Brennstoffs in das Abgas umfassen. Die Eindüseinrichtung umfaßt hierzu einen Vorratsbehälter für Brennstoff und eine daran angeschlossene Einspritzdüse. Diese Ausführung der Vorrichtung zur Einbringung von Brennstoff in das Abgas erlaubt es, als Brennstoff nicht nur den Kraftstoff der Verbrennungs- anläge in das Abgas einzubringen, sondern auch andere leicht entzündliche Verbindungen wie Erdgas, Methan oder Alkohol. Die direkte Einbringung des Brennstoffs in die Abgasleitung erlaubt zudem eine feinere Dosierung des Brennstoffs als dies eine Brennstoffeinbringung über eine vermehrte Kraftstoffein- bringung über die Verbrennungsanlage gestattet. Wenn der Kraftstoff der Verbrennungsanlage als Brennstoff verwendet wird, bei einem Dieselmotor beispielsweise Dieselkraftstoff, kann auf einen separaten Vorratsbehalter für Brennstoff verzichtet werden. Bis auf die zusatzlich die Abgasleitung zu implementierende Einspritzdüse sowie eine Brennstoffleitung von dem Kraftstoffbehälter zur Einspritzdüse sowie natürlich die Zündvorrichtung zum Entzünden des Brennstoffs sind keine weiteren baulichen Veränderungen an einer bestehenden Verbrennungsanlage erforderlich.However, the device for introducing fuel into the exhaust gas can additionally or separately also comprise an injection device arranged between the combustion system, in particular the internal combustion engine, and the catalytic converter for metering the fuel into the exhaust gas. For this purpose, the injection device comprises a storage container for fuel and an injection nozzle connected to it. This design of the device for introducing fuel into the exhaust gas makes it possible not only to introduce the fuel from the combustion system into the exhaust gas, but also other highly flammable compounds such as natural gas, methane or alcohol. The direct introduction of the fuel into the exhaust gas line also allows a finer metering of the fuel than does fuel introduction via an increased fuel introduction via the incineration system. If the fuel of the incineration plant is used as fuel, in the case of a diesel engine, for example, diesel fuel, a separate storage tank for fuel can be dispensed with. Except for the additional injection nozzle to be implemented, as well as a fuel line from the fuel tank to the injection nozzle and, of course, the ignition device for igniting the fuel, no further structural changes to an existing combustion system are required.
Für die Entzündung des sich im Abgas befindlichen Brennstoffs ist die Zündvorrichtung zwischen der Einbringvorrichtung für Brennstoff und dem Katalysator oder direkt am Katalysator angeordnet. Dies erlaubt eine Entzündung des Brennstoffs vor oder unmittelbar am Katalysator. Die Zündvorrichtung ist vorteilhaft als eine Gluhkerze ausgebildet.For the ignition of the fuel in the exhaust gas, the ignition device is arranged between the introduction device for fuel and the catalytic converter or directly on the catalytic converter. This allows the fuel to ignite before or immediately on the catalytic converter. The ignition device is advantageously designed as a glow plug.
Um einen zu starken Anstieg der Temperatur des Katalysators zu verhindern oder eine Kühlung desselben zu ermöglichen, ist zwischen der Verbrennungsanlage und dem Katalysator vorteilhafterweise eine Vorrichtung zur Zumischung eines den Katalysator kühlenden Fluids m das Abgas angeordnet. Das kühlende Fluid wird dem Abgas beigemischt und senkt dabei die Temperatur des Abgases und somit der nachgeschalteten Bauteile, ms- besondere die Temperatur des nachgeschalteten Katalysators.In order to prevent an excessive rise in the temperature of the catalytic converter or to enable the catalytic converter to be cooled, a device for admixing a fluid cooling the catalytic converter is advantageously arranged between the combustion system and the catalytic converter. The cooling fluid is mixed with the exhaust gas and thereby lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas and thus of the downstream components, in particular the temperature of the downstream catalyst.
Um die Temperatur des Katalysators m Abhängigkeit vom momentanen Betriebszustand der Verbrennungsanlage einstellen und innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Temperaturbereiches regeln zu können, ist dem Katalysator vorteilhafterweise ein Temperaturfühler zugeordnet, der die Temperatur des Katalysators mißt. Zur Regelung ist der Temperaturfühler mit einer Kon- trolle heit verbunden, die die Zündvorrichtung, die Vorrichtung zum Einbringen des Brennstoffs und/oder die Vorrichtung zur Zumischung des kühlenden Fluids Abhängigkeit der amIn order to be able to set the temperature of the catalytic converter as a function of the current operating state of the incineration plant and to be able to regulate it within a predetermined temperature range, a temperature sensor is advantageously assigned to the catalytic converter which measures the temperature of the catalytic converter. For control purposes, the temperature sensor is connected to a control unit which makes the ignition device, the device for introducing the fuel and / or the device for admixing the cooling fluid dependent on the
Katalysator vom Temperaturfühler gemessenen Katalysatortemperatur steuert. Zur Regelung wird m einem ersten Schritt die Temperatur des Katalysators mit Hilfe des Temperaturfühlers ermittelt. Unterschreitet die gemessene Temperatur eine vorgegebene Mindesttemperatur, so veranlaßt die Kontrolle heit über die Vorrichtung zur Einbringung des Brennstoffs oder über die Verbrennungsanlage selbst die gezielte Einbringung von Brennstoff m das Abgas und setzt die Zündvorrichtung zur Entzündung des Brennstoffs Gang. Bei Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Maximaltemperatur wird über die Kontrollemheit die gezielte Einbringung gestoppt oder die Zündvorrichtung außer Betrieb gesetzt. Auch die Einbringung eines kühlenden Fluids kann veranlaßt werden, falls die Temperatur des Katalysators nicht rasch genug sinkt.Catalyst controls catalyst temperature measured by the temperature sensor. In a first step, the control Temperature of the catalyst determined using the temperature sensor. If the measured temperature falls below a predetermined minimum temperature, the control unit initiates the targeted introduction of fuel into the exhaust gas or the combustion system itself and sets the ignition device to ignite the fuel to ignite the fuel. If a predetermined maximum temperature is exceeded, the controlled introduction is stopped via the control unit or the ignition device is put out of operation. A cooling fluid may also be introduced if the temperature of the catalyst does not drop quickly enough.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausfuhrungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Figur naher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a figure.
Die Figur zeigt einen Dieselmotor und eine daran angeschlossene Einrichtung zur Entstickung des Abgases mit einem DeNOX- Katalysator, einer Dosiereinrichtung für eine wassrige Harn- stofflosung und mit einer Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Dieselkraftstoff m das Abgas, wobei m der Abgasleitung eine Zündvorrichtung zum Entzünden des Dieselkraftstoffs vorgese¬The figure shows a diesel engine and an attached device for denitrification of the exhaust gas with a DeNOX catalytic converter, a metering device for an aqueous urea solution and with a device for introducing diesel fuel m the exhaust gas, m the exhaust pipe being an ignition device for igniting the diesel fuel vorese¬
In der Figur ist als eine Verbrennungsanlage 1 ein Dieselmotor gezeigt, der über eine Abgasleitung 3 mit einem Katalysator 5 verbunden ist. Der Katalysator 5 ist als ein DeNOx-Ka- talysator auf Basis von Titandioxid mit Beimengungen von Va- nadiumpentoxid, Molybdantrioxid und Wolframtrioxid zum Abbau von im Abgas enthaltenen Stickoxiden nach dem SCR-Verfahren ausgeführt, dem ein Temperaturfühler 6 zur Bestimmung der Temperatur des Katalysators 5 zugeordnet ist. Der Temperaturfühler ist dabei als ein Thermoelement ausgebildet.In the figure, a diesel engine is shown as a combustion system 1, which is connected to a catalytic converter 5 via an exhaust pipe 3. The catalyst 5 is designed as a DeNOx catalyst based on titanium dioxide with admixtures of vanadium pentoxide, molybdenum trioxide and tungsten trioxide for the decomposition of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas according to the SCR method, which a temperature sensor 6 for determining the temperature of the catalyst 5 assigned. The temperature sensor is designed as a thermocouple.
In der Abgasleitung 3 ist m Stromungsrichtung 7 des Abgases A vor dem Katalysator 5 eine Zündvorrichtung 8 angeordnet, die als eine schaltbare Gluhkerze ausgeführt ist. Zwischen der Zündvorrichtung 8 und dem Dieselmotor weist die Abgasleitung 3 eine steuerbare Einspritzdüse 9 zur Einbringung von Brennstoff B in das Abgas A des Dieselmotors auf. Als Brennstoff B wird der Kraftstoff K des Dieselmotors, nämlich Die- selkraftstoff, verwendet, der in einem Kraftstofftank 11 bevorratet ist. Die steuerbare Einspritzdüse 9 ist Teil einer Eindüseinrichtung 13, welche des weiteren eine BrennstoffZuleitung 15 und den Kraftstofftank 11 des Dieselmotors umfaßt. Die Einspritzdüse ist über eine Steuerleitung 31 an eine Kon- trolleinheit 29 angeschlossen.An ignition device 8, which is designed as a switchable glow plug, is arranged in the exhaust line 3 in the flow direction 7 of the exhaust gas A upstream of the catalytic converter 5. Between of the ignition device 8 and the diesel engine, the exhaust line 3 has a controllable injection nozzle 9 for introducing fuel B into the exhaust gas A of the diesel engine. The fuel K of the diesel engine, namely diesel fuel, is used as fuel B and is stored in a fuel tank 11. The controllable injection nozzle 9 is part of an injection device 13, which further comprises a fuel feed line 15 and the fuel tank 11 of the diesel engine. The injection nozzle is connected to a control unit 29 via a control line 31.
Des weiteren ist an der Abgasleitung eine Dosiereinrichtung für eine wäßrige Reduktionsmittellösung R, in diesem Fall eine wäßrige Harnstofflösung, angeordnet. Sie umfaßt einen Reduktionsmitteltank 19, der über eine Reduktionsmittelleitung 21 mit einer in die Abgasleitung 3 mündenden, steuerbaren Zumischdüse 23 verbunden ist. Die Zumischdüse 23 wird über eine Steuerleitung 35 von der Kontrolleinheit 29 kontrolliert. Dabei wird im Regelbetrieb eine der Stickoxidkon- zentration entsprechende Menge der Harnstofflösung eingedüst, so daß an dem Katalysator 5 eine Umsetzung der Stickoxide mit dem aus dem Harnstoff freigesetzten Ammoniak erfolgen kann, ohne daß hierbei ein Ammoniak-Schlupf auftritt. Die Dosiereinrichtung ist gleichzeitig eine Vorrichtung zur Zumischung eines kühlenden Fluids, da im Falle einer zu hohen Temperatur des Katalysators vermehrt Harnstofflösung zu dessen Kühlung eingebracht wird. Dabei wird nur insofern vermehrt Harnstoff¬ lösung eingebracht, als dies nicht zu einem Schlupf an Ammoniak führt.Furthermore, a metering device for an aqueous reducing agent solution R, in this case an aqueous urea solution, is arranged on the exhaust pipe. It comprises a reducing agent tank 19 which is connected via a reducing agent line 21 to a controllable admixing nozzle 23 opening into the exhaust gas line 3. The admixing nozzle 23 is controlled by the control unit 29 via a control line 35. In normal operation, an amount of the urea solution corresponding to the nitrogen oxide concentration is injected so that the nitrogen oxides can be reacted on the catalyst 5 with the ammonia released from the urea without ammonia slip occurring. The metering device is at the same time a device for admixing a cooling fluid, since if the temperature of the catalyst is too high, more urea solution is introduced to cool it. In this case, only insofar increased urea solution introduced ¬ than not leads to a slip of ammonia.
Ferner weist der Dieselmotor eine Einspritzanlage 25 auf, die über eine Kraftstoffleitung 27 mit dem Kraftstofftank 11 verbunden ist. Die Einspritzung des Kraftstoffs K in den Diesel¬ motor wird mittels der Steuerleitung 37 ebenfalls über die Kontrolleinheit 29 gesteuert. Beim Betrieb des Dieselmotors entsteht Abgas A, das über die Abgasleitung 3 den Katalysator 6 geleitet wird. Dabei entsteht vor allem bei einem positiven Lastsprung oder bei vermehrtem Kraftstoffangebot m Folge unvollständiger Verbren- nung des Kraftstoffs K vermehrt Weißrauch, dessen unverbrannte Kraftstoffanteile, beispielsweise Kohlenwasserstoffe, als Brennstoff B zur Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur dienen. Dieser Brennstoff wird m der Abgasleitung 3 vor dem Katalysator 5 an der von der Kontrollemheit 29 eingeschalteten Zündvorrichtung 8 entzündet und erhitzt das Abgas A, das anschließend den Katalysator 5 durchströmt und diesen gleichmäßig erwärmt.Furthermore, the diesel engine has an injection system 25, which is connected to the fuel tank 11 via a fuel line 27. The injection of the fuel into the diesel K ¬ motor is also controlled by the control line 37 via the control unit 29th When the diesel engine is operating, exhaust gas A is produced, which is passed to the catalyst 6 via the exhaust line 3. In this case, especially when there is a positive load jump or the fuel supply increases as a result of incomplete combustion of the fuel K, there is an increased white smoke, the unburned fuel components, for example hydrocarbons, of which serve as fuel B to increase the exhaust gas temperature. This fuel is ignited in the exhaust pipe 3 in front of the catalytic converter 5 at the ignition device 8 switched on by the control unit 29 and heats the exhaust gas A, which then flows through the catalytic converter 5 and heats it uniformly.
Die am Katalysator 5 gemessene Temperatur T wird m der Kon- trollemheit 29 mit einer vorgegebenen Mmimaltemperatur T0 verglichen. Als Mmimaltemperatur T0 ist hier die Anspringtemperatur des Katalysators 5, d.h. diejenige Temperatur, bei welcher der Katalysator ca. 25 % seiner möglichen Umsatzrate erzielt, gewählt. Liegt die gemessene Temperatur T des Kata- lysators 5 unter der Temperatur T , wird der Kraftstoffdurch- satz der Emspritzanlage 25 über die Steuerleitung 37 von der Kontrollemheit 29 erhöht. Dem Dieselmotor wird dadurch überschüssiger Kraftstoff K zugeführt, der den Anteil von Brennstoff B im Abgas A erhöht. An der von der Kontrollemheit 29 über die Steuerleitung 31 zugeschalteten Zündvorrichtung 8 wird der Brennstoff entzündet, wodurch sich die Temperatur T des Katalysator 5 erhöht.The temperature T measured on the catalytic converter 5 is compared in the control unit 29 with a predetermined minimum temperature T 0 . The starting temperature of the catalytic converter 5, ie the temperature at which the catalytic converter achieves approximately 25% of its possible conversion rate, is selected here as the minimum temperature T 0 . If the measured temperature T of the catalyst 5 is below the temperature T, the fuel throughput of the injection system 25 is increased by the control unit 29 via the control line 37. Excess fuel K is thereby supplied to the diesel engine, which increases the proportion of fuel B in the exhaust gas A. The fuel is ignited at the ignition device 8 connected by the control unit 29 via the control line 31, as a result of which the temperature T of the catalytic converter 5 increases.
Reicht diese Maßnahme nicht aus, um eine gewünschte Tempera- tur des Katalysators zu erreichen, wird über die Kontrollemheit 29 mittels der Einspritzdüse 9 eine direkte Einbringung von Brennstoff B, im vorliegenden Fall Dieselkraftstoff, m das Abgas A veranlaßt.If this measure is not sufficient to achieve a desired temperature of the catalytic converter, the control unit 29 by means of the injection nozzle 9 causes fuel B, in the present case diesel fuel, to be introduced directly into the exhaust gas A.
Überschreitet die vom Temperaturfühler 6 gemessene Temperatur T des Katalysators 5 eine vorgegebene Maximaltemperatur Ti, so wird die gezielte Einbringung von zusätzlichem Kraftstoff K in den Dieselmotor durch die Einpritzanlage 25 und gegebenenfalls die direkte Einbringung von Brennstoff B in das Abgas A durch die Einspritzeinrichtung 13 von der Kontrolleinrichtung 29 gestoppt. Zusätzlich kann die Zündvorrichtung 8 von der Steuereinrichtung 29 ausgeschaltet werden.If the temperature T of the catalytic converter 5 measured by the temperature sensor 6 exceeds a predetermined maximum temperature Ti, then the targeted introduction of additional fuel K in the diesel engine by the injection system 25 and, if appropriate, the direct introduction of fuel B into the exhaust gas A by the injection device 13 stopped by the control device 29. In addition, the ignition device 8 can be switched off by the control device 29.
Um eine Senkung einer zu hohen Temperatur T des Katalysators 5 weiter zu unterstützen, kann die Kontrolleinheit 29 über die Zumischdüse 23 der Dosiereinrichtung zusätzlich wäßrige Reduktionsmittellösung R aus dem Reduktionsmitteltank 19 gezielt zur Kühlung des Katalysators 5 in das Abgas A zumischen. Das wäßrige Reduktionsmittel R wirkt als kühlendes Fluid auf die aktive Oberfläche des Katalysators 5.In order to further support a reduction in an excessively high temperature T of the catalyst 5, the control unit 29 can additionally add aqueous reducing agent solution R from the reducing agent tank 19 in a targeted manner to cool the catalyst 5 into the exhaust gas A via the admixing nozzle 23 of the metering device. The aqueous reducing agent R acts as a cooling fluid on the active surface of the catalyst 5.
Fällt die Temperatur T des Katalysators 5 unter die vorgegebenen Maximaltemperatur Ti, so wird die zusätzliche Einbringung von wäßriger Reduktionsmittellösung R in das Abgas A von der Kontrolleinrichtung 29 gestoppt.If the temperature T of the catalyst 5 falls below the predetermined maximum temperature Ti, the additional introduction of aqueous reducing agent solution R into the exhaust gas A is stopped by the control device 29.
Durch das gesteuerte Zumischen von wäßriger Reduktionsmittellösung R und/oder Brennstoff B zum Abgas A des Dieselmotors wird eine rasche und gleichmäßige Temperaturanpassung des in der Abgasleitung 3 angebrachten Katalysators 5 und damit eine dem Betriebszustand angepaßte, effiziente Schadstoffumsetzung erreicht. The controlled admixing of aqueous reducing agent solution R and / or fuel B to the exhaust gas A of the diesel engine results in a rapid and uniform temperature adaptation of the catalytic converter 5 mounted in the exhaust gas line 3 and thus an efficient pollutant conversion adapted to the operating state.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Reinigung des Abgases (A) einer mit einem Kraftstoff (K) betriebenen Verbrennungsanlage (1), insbeson- dere eines Verbrennungsmotors , bevorzugt eines mit Dieselkraftstoff betriebenen Dieselmotors, bei dem das Abgas (A) über eine Abgasleitung (3) durch einen Katalysator (5) geleitet wird, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß bei Kalt- start und/oder während oder direkt nach einer Leerlaufphase der Verbrennungsanlage (1) a) mittels einer an der Abgasleitung (3) angeordneten Einbringeinrichtung gezielt in die Abgasleitung (3) eingespeister Brennstoff (B) , insbesondere der Kraftstoff (K) , und/oder b) durch Betrieb der Verbrennungsanlage (1) mit einem Überschuß an Kraftstoff (K) gezielt in die Abgasleitung (3) eingespeister Brennstoff (B) , und/oder c) ein im Abgas (A) bei Normalbetrieb der Verbrennungsanlage (1) enthaltener unverbrannter Anteil aus dem Kraftstoff1. Process for cleaning the exhaust gas (A) of a combustion system (1) operated with a fuel (K), in particular an internal combustion engine, preferably a diesel engine operated with diesel fuel, in which the exhaust gas (A) passes through an exhaust gas line (3) a catalyst (5) is passed, characterized in that during a cold start and / or during or immediately after an idling phase of the combustion system (1) a) by means of an introduction device arranged on the exhaust line (3), fuel fed specifically into the exhaust line (3) (B), in particular the fuel (K), and / or b) by operating the incinerator (1) with an excess of fuel (K) specifically fuel (B) and / or c) fed into the exhaust line (3) unburned portion of the fuel contained in the exhaust gas (A) during normal operation of the incineration plant (1)
(K) , insbesondere Kohlenwasserstoffe, als ein Brennstoff (B) im Einlaufbereich des Katalysators (5) oder im Katalysator (5) entzündet wird, wodurch das in den Katalysator (5) ein- strömende bzw. im Katalysator befindliche Abgas (A) erwärmt wird und den Katalysator (5) aufheizt.(K), in particular hydrocarbons, is ignited as a fuel (B) in the inlet region of the catalytic converter (5) or in the catalytic converter (5), as a result of which the exhaust gas (A) flowing into the catalytic converter (5) or in the catalytic converter is heated is and the catalyst (5) heated.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Brenn- stoff (B) mittels einer an der Abgasleitung (3) angeordneten Eindüseinrichtung (13) gezielt in die Abgasleitung (3) und damit in das Abgas (A) eingedüst wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel (B) is specifically injected into the exhaust line (3) and thus into the exhaust gas (A) by means of an injection device (13) arranged on the exhaust line (3).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Brennstoff (B) m Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur (T) des Katalysators (5) gezielt m das Abgas (A) eingespeist wird, bevor- zugt nur dann, wenn die Temperatur (T) des Katalysators (5) unter einer vorgegebenen Temperatur (T0) liegt.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fuel (B) m dependent on the temperature (T) of the catalyst (5) m the exhaust gas (A) is fed, preferably only when the temperature ( T) of the catalyst (5) is below a predetermined temperature (T 0 ).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Tempera- tur (T) des Katalysators (5) durch Zumischen eines kühlenden Fluids m das Abgas (A) beeinflußt wird.4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, so that the temperature (T) of the catalyst (5) is influenced by admixing a cooling fluid m the exhaust gas (A).
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Kataly- sator (5) als ein DeNOx-Katalysator ausgebildet ist, und daß als kühlendes Fluid ein Reduktionsmittel (R) dem Abgas (A) zugemischt wird.5. The method according to claim 4, that the catalyst (5) is designed as a DeNOx catalyst and that a reducing agent (R) is mixed with the exhaust gas (A) as the cooling fluid.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß als Reduktionsmittel (R) eine wäßrige Harnstofflösung eingespritzt wird.6. The method of claim 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that an aqueous urea solution is injected as a reducing agent (R).
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Entzun- den des Brennstoffs (B) gestoppt wird, wenn der Katalysator (5) eine vorgegebene Temperatur (TG) , bevorzugt seine Anspringtemperatur, erreicht hat.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ignition of the fuel (B) is stopped when the catalyst (5) has reached a predetermined temperature (T G ), preferably its light-off temperature.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das gezielte Einspeisen des Brennstoffs (B) m das Abgas (A) gedrosselt oder gestoppt wird, wenn der Katalysator (5) eine vorgegebene Temperatur (T0) , bevorzugt seine Anspringtemperatur, erreicht hat. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the targeted feeding of the fuel (B) m the exhaust gas (A) is throttled or stopped when the catalyst (5) a predetermined temperature (T 0 ), preferably its light-off temperature , has reached.
9. Einrichtung zur Reinigung des Abgases (A) einer Verbrennungsanlage (1), insbesondere eines Verbrennungsmotors, bevorzugt eines Dieselmotors, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, mit einer Abgasleitung (3), mit einem Katalysator (5) zur Entfernung von im Abgas (A) enthaltenen Schadstoffen, mit einer Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Brennstoffs (B) in das Abgas (A) , mit einer zwischen der Vorrichtung zum Einbringen des Brennstoffs (B) und dem Katalysator (5) oder unmittelbar am Katalysator (5) ange- ordneten Zündeinrichtung (8) zum Entzünden des Brennstoffs (B) , sowie mit einer Kontrolleinheit (29) zur Überwachung der Vorrichtung zum Einbringen des Brennstoffs (B) und der Zündeinrichtung (8).9. Device for cleaning the exhaust gas (A) of an incinerator (1), in particular an internal combustion engine, preferably a diesel engine, for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, with an exhaust pipe (3), with a catalyst (5) Removal of pollutants contained in the exhaust gas (A), with a device for introducing a fuel (B) into the exhaust gas (A), with one between the device for introducing the fuel (B) and the catalyst (5) or directly on the catalyst ( 5) arranged ignition device (8) for igniting the fuel (B), and with a control unit (29) for monitoring the device for introducing the fuel (B) and the ignition device (8).
10. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Zündeinrichtung (8) als eine Glühkerze ausgebildet ist.10. The device of claim 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the ignition device (8) is designed as a glow plug.
11. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß zwischen der Verbrennungsanlage (1) und dem Katalysator (5) eine Vorrichtung (17) zur Zumischung eines kühlenden Fluids in das 7Abgas (A) angeordnet ist.11. Device according to claim 9 or 10, so that a device (17) for admixing a cooling fluid into the 7 exhaust gas (A) is arranged between the combustion system (1) and the catalyst (5).
12. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß dem Kataly¬ sator (5) ein Temperaturfühler (6) zur Erfassung der Katalysatortemperatur zugeordnet ist, der mit Kontrolleinheit (29) verbunden ist. 12. Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the Kataly ¬ sator (5) is associated with a temperature sensor (6) for detecting the catalyst temperature, which is connected to control unit (29).
PCT/DE1998/002779 1997-09-30 1998-09-18 Method and device for cleaning exhaust gases in a combustion system WO1999017005A1 (en)

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WO2001042713A1 (en) * 1999-12-09 2001-06-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for the exhaust treatment in an internal combustion engine
FR2919338A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-30 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Exhaust gas line for internal combustion engine i.e. oil engine, of motor vehicle, has distributing circuit for distributing organometallic additive to injector to reduce temperature of combustion of particles accumulated in filter
EP2229511A2 (en) * 2008-01-15 2010-09-22 EMCON Technologies LLC Method and apparatus for operating an emission abatement assembly
CN103339351A (en) * 2012-01-04 2013-10-02 丰田自动车株式会社 Exhaust heating method

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EP2229511A2 (en) * 2008-01-15 2010-09-22 EMCON Technologies LLC Method and apparatus for operating an emission abatement assembly
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CN103339351A (en) * 2012-01-04 2013-10-02 丰田自动车株式会社 Exhaust heating method

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