WO1996015484A3 - Monolithic pc audio circuit - Google Patents
Monolithic pc audio circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996015484A3 WO1996015484A3 PCT/US1995/014254 US9514254W WO9615484A3 WO 1996015484 A3 WO1996015484 A3 WO 1996015484A3 US 9514254 W US9514254 W US 9514254W WO 9615484 A3 WO9615484 A3 WO 9615484A3
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- monolithic
- circuit
- digital
- analog
- control module
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K23/00—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains
- H03K23/64—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains with a base or radix other than a power of two
- H03K23/68—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains with a base or radix other than a power of two with a base which is a non-integer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
- G06F3/162—Interface to dedicated audio devices, e.g. audio drivers, interface to CODECs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/0033—Recording/reproducing or transmission of music for electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/0041—Recording/reproducing or transmission of music for electrophonic musical instruments in coded form
- G10H1/0058—Transmission between separate instruments or between individual components of a musical system
- G10H1/0066—Transmission between separate instruments or between individual components of a musical system using a MIDI interface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
- G10H1/06—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour
- G10H1/12—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by filtering complex waveforms
- G10H1/125—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by filtering complex waveforms using a digital filter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
- G10H7/002—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs using a common processing for different operations or calculations, and a set of microinstructions (programme) to control the sequence thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2220/155—User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H2220/315—User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments for joystick-like proportional control of musical input; Videogame input devices used for musical input or control, e.g. gamepad, joysticks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2230/00—General physical, ergonomic or hardware implementation of electrophonic musical tools or instruments, e.g. shape or architecture
- G10H2230/025—Computing or signal processing architecture features
- G10H2230/035—Power management, i.e. specific power supply solutions for electrophonic musical instruments, e.g. auto power shut-off, energy saving designs, power conditioning, connector design, avoiding inconvenient wiring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2240/00—Data organisation or data communication aspects, specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2240/171—Transmission of musical instrument data, control or status information; Transmission, remote access or control of music data for electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H2240/281—Protocol or standard connector for transmission of analog or digital data to or from an electrophonic musical instrument
- G10H2240/311—MIDI transmission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
- G10H2250/055—Filters for musical processing or musical effects; Filter responses, filter architecture, filter coefficients or control parameters therefor
- G10H2250/111—Impulse response, i.e. filters defined or specifed by their temporal impulse response features, e.g. for echo or reverberation applications
- G10H2250/115—FIR impulse, e.g. for echoes or room acoustics, the shape of the impulse response is specified in particular according to delay times
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
- G10H2250/131—Mathematical functions for musical analysis, processing, synthesis or composition
- G10H2250/165—Polynomials, i.e. musical processing based on the use of polynomials, e.g. distortion function for tube amplifier emulation, filter coefficient calculation, polynomial approximations of waveforms, physical modeling equation solutions
- G10H2250/175—Jacobi polynomials of several variables, e.g. Heckman-Opdam polynomials, or of one variable only, e.g. hypergeometric polynomials
- G10H2250/181—Gegenbauer or ultraspherical polynomials, e.g. for harmonic analysis
- G10H2250/191—Chebyshev polynomials, e.g. to provide filter coefficients for sharp rolloff filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
- G10H2250/541—Details of musical waveform synthesis, i.e. audio waveshape processing from individual wavetable samples, independently of their origin or of the sound they represent
- G10H2250/545—Aliasing, i.e. preventing, eliminating or deliberately using aliasing noise, distortions or artifacts in sampled or synthesised waveforms, e.g. by band limiting, oversampling or undersampling, respectively
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
- G10H2250/541—Details of musical waveform synthesis, i.e. audio waveshape processing from individual wavetable samples, independently of their origin or of the sound they represent
- G10H2250/571—Waveform compression, adapted for music synthesisers, sound banks or wavetables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
- G10H2250/541—Details of musical waveform synthesis, i.e. audio waveshape processing from individual wavetable samples, independently of their origin or of the sound they represent
- G10H2250/571—Waveform compression, adapted for music synthesisers, sound banks or wavetables
- G10H2250/605—Dynamic range companding algorithms, e.g. "mu"-law, primarily used in the digital telephone systems of North America and Japan, or A-law as used in European digital telephone systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
- G10H2250/541—Details of musical waveform synthesis, i.e. audio waveshape processing from individual wavetable samples, independently of their origin or of the sound they represent
- G10H2250/611—Waveform decimation, i.e. integer division of the sampling rate for reducing the number of samples in a discrete-time signal, e.g. by low-pass anti-alias filtering followed by the actual downsampling
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8516131A JPH10509544A (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1995-11-02 | Monolithic PC audio circuit |
EP95942395A EP0789868A2 (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1995-11-02 | Monolithic pc audio circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (18)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US33446194A | 1994-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | |
US33345194A | 1994-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | |
US08/334,462 US6047073A (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | Digital wavetable audio synthesizer with delay-based effects processing |
US08/333,451 | 1994-11-02 | ||
US08/333,386 | 1994-11-02 | ||
US08/333,564 | 1994-11-02 | ||
US08/333,536 US5659466A (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | Monolithic PC audio circuit with enhanced digital wavetable audio synthesizer |
US08/333,467 | 1994-11-02 | ||
US08/334,461 | 1994-11-02 | ||
US08/334,462 | 1994-11-02 | ||
US08/333,386 US5598158A (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | Digital noise shaper circuit |
US08/333,460 US5585802A (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | Multi-stage digital to analog conversion circuit and method |
US08/333,564 US5668338A (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | Wavetable audio synthesizer with low frequency oscillators for tremolo and vibrato effects |
US08/333,460 | 1994-11-02 | ||
US08/333,536 | 1994-11-02 | ||
US08/333,467 US5589830A (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | Stereo audio codec |
US08/510,139 | 1995-08-03 | ||
US08/510,139 US5581253A (en) | 1995-08-03 | 1995-08-03 | Implementation and method for a digital sigma-delta modulator |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996015484A2 WO1996015484A2 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
WO1996015484A9 WO1996015484A9 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
WO1996015484A3 true WO1996015484A3 (en) | 1997-02-06 |
Family
ID=27578814
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/014254 WO1996015484A2 (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1995-11-02 | Monolithic pc audio circuit |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0789868A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10509544A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996015484A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU200448U1 (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-26 | Открытое акционерное общество Омское производственное объединение "Радиозавод имени А.С. Попова" (РЕЛЕРО) | DEVICE FOR FORMATION OF DIGITAL COMPLEX STEREO PHONIC SIGNAL |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997049189A1 (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1997-12-24 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Fourth order digital noise shaper circuit |
US5928342A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-07-27 | Creative Technology Ltd. | Audio effects processor integrated on a single chip with a multiport memory onto which multiple asynchronous digital sound samples can be concurrently loaded |
US6373954B1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2002-04-16 | Cirrus Logic, Inc. | Single-chip audio circuitry, method, and systems using the same |
WO1999020006A2 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-04-22 | Crystal Semiconductor Corp. | Single-chip audio circuits, methods, and systems using the same |
JP4363721B2 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2009-11-11 | オリンパス株式会社 | Electronic device manufacturing method and electronic device |
WO2019087809A1 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-09 | 株式会社村田製作所 | A/d converter |
US11522555B1 (en) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-06 | Tetramem Inc. | Multistage analog-to-digital converters for crossbar-based circuits |
US11659329B2 (en) | 2021-08-05 | 2023-05-23 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Efficient seamless switching of sigma-delta modulators |
CN114553616B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-11-24 | 广州市迪士普音响科技有限公司 | Audio transmission method, device and system of conference unit and terminal equipment |
US11804814B1 (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-31 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Noise shaper fader |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4389915A (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1983-06-28 | Marmon Company | Musical instrument including electronic sound reverberation |
US4570523A (en) * | 1981-07-30 | 1986-02-18 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Reverberation tone generating apparatus |
US4706291A (en) * | 1985-06-25 | 1987-11-10 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Reverberation imparting device |
US4731835A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1988-03-15 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Reverberation tone generating apparatus |
US5000074A (en) * | 1988-06-23 | 1991-03-19 | Yamaha Corporation | Effect imparting device for an electronic musical instrument or the like apparatus |
US5061925A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1991-10-29 | Crystal Semiconductor Corporation | Phase equalization system for a digital-to-analog converter utilizing separate digital and analog sections |
EP0511817A1 (en) * | 1991-04-30 | 1992-11-04 | Nec Corporation | Noise shaper circuit |
US5166464A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1992-11-24 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Electronic musical instrument having a reverberation |
US5221804A (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1993-06-22 | Yamaha Corporation | Tone generation device for an electronic musical instrument |
US5243124A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1993-09-07 | Sierra Semiconductor, Canada, Inc. | Electronic musical instrument using FM sound generation with delayed modulation effect |
EP0586021A1 (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1994-03-09 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Digital noise shaper circuit |
US5297231A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-03-22 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Digital signal processor interface for computer system |
-
1995
- 1995-11-02 JP JP8516131A patent/JPH10509544A/en active Pending
- 1995-11-02 EP EP95942395A patent/EP0789868A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-11-02 WO PCT/US1995/014254 patent/WO1996015484A2/en active Search and Examination
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4389915A (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1983-06-28 | Marmon Company | Musical instrument including electronic sound reverberation |
US4570523A (en) * | 1981-07-30 | 1986-02-18 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Reverberation tone generating apparatus |
US4731835A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1988-03-15 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Reverberation tone generating apparatus |
US4706291A (en) * | 1985-06-25 | 1987-11-10 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Reverberation imparting device |
US5000074A (en) * | 1988-06-23 | 1991-03-19 | Yamaha Corporation | Effect imparting device for an electronic musical instrument or the like apparatus |
US5221804A (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1993-06-22 | Yamaha Corporation | Tone generation device for an electronic musical instrument |
EP0586021A1 (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1994-03-09 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Digital noise shaper circuit |
US5061925A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1991-10-29 | Crystal Semiconductor Corporation | Phase equalization system for a digital-to-analog converter utilizing separate digital and analog sections |
US5166464A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1992-11-24 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Electronic musical instrument having a reverberation |
EP0511817A1 (en) * | 1991-04-30 | 1992-11-04 | Nec Corporation | Noise shaper circuit |
US5243124A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1993-09-07 | Sierra Semiconductor, Canada, Inc. | Electronic musical instrument using FM sound generation with delayed modulation effect |
US5297231A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-03-22 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Digital signal processor interface for computer system |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
---|
"PROGRAMMABLE COMPUTER STEREO SYSTEM FOR MULTI-MEDIA SYSTEMS", IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 35, no. 1A, June 1992 (1992-06-01), NEW YORK, US, pages 408 - 411, XP002001650 * |
KOICHI HAMASHITA ET AL: "A SINGLE-CHIP STEREO AUDIO CODEC", PROCEEDINGS OF THE CUSTOM INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CONFERENCE, SAN DIEGO, MAY 9 - 12, 1993, no. CONF. 15, 9 May 1993 (1993-05-09), INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, pages 28.04.01 - 28.04.04, XP000409768 * |
LEONARD, MILT: "Multimedia Codec Chip Adds Voice and Music", ELECTRONIC DESIGN, vol. 39, no. 17, 12 September 1991 (1991-09-12), HASBROUCK HEIGHTS, N.J. US, pages 53, 54-58, XP002019309 * |
MOSLEY J D: "CD-Quality audio ICS let PC mother boards meet multimedia specs", EDN ELECTRICAL DESIGN NEWS, vol. 36, no. 22, 24 October 1991 (1991-10-24), NEWTON, US, pages 102, XP000266598 * |
NASS R: "DSP HANDLES SOUND WHILE LINKING AUDIO AND SCSI", ELECTRONIC DESIGN, vol. 42, no. 5, 7 March 1994 (1994-03-07), HASBROUCK HEIGHTS, N.J., US, pages 109 - 110, XP002001651 * |
SARAMAEKI T ET AL: "VLSI-REALIZABLE MULTIPLIER-FREE INTERPOLATORS FOR HIGH-ORDER SIGMA-DELTA D/A CONVERTERS", PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEDITERANNEAN ELECTROTECHNICAL CONFERENCE, LJUBLJANA, MAY 22 - 24, 1991, vol. 1, 22 May 1991 (1991-05-22), ZAJC B;SOLINA F, pages 295 - 298, XP000289454 * |
SU D K ET AL.: "A CMOS oversampling D/A converter with a current-mode semi-digital reconstruction filter", 1993 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE. DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS. ISSCC. FIRST EDITION (CAT. NO. 93CH3272-2), PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE - ISSCC '93, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, US, 24 February 1993 (1993-02-24) - 26 February 1993 (1993-02-26), ISBN 0-7803-0987-1, 1993, NEW YORK, NY, US, IEEE, US, pages 230 - 231, XP000388088 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU200448U1 (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-26 | Открытое акционерное общество Омское производственное объединение "Радиозавод имени А.С. Попова" (РЕЛЕРО) | DEVICE FOR FORMATION OF DIGITAL COMPLEX STEREO PHONIC SIGNAL |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH10509544A (en) | 1998-09-14 |
EP0789868A2 (en) | 1997-08-20 |
WO1996015484A2 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
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