USRE36399E - Method of Disposal of hot water soluble utensils - Google Patents
Method of Disposal of hot water soluble utensils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE36399E USRE36399E US08/427,555 US42755595A USRE36399E US RE36399 E USRE36399 E US RE36399E US 42755595 A US42755595 A US 42755595A US RE36399 E USRE36399 E US RE36399E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- utensils
- disposal
- water
- water soluble
- polyvinyl alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010781 infectious medical waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000792859 Enema Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010029803 Nosocomial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000078885 bloodborne pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007920 enema Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095399 enema Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002672 hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/0075—Disposal of medical waste
Definitions
- the present invention involves disposable hot water soluble utensils and the method of disposing of such utensils after use.
- the utensils are composed of molded, formed or extruded articles which are water soluble at temperatures above approximately normal human body temperature (37° C.) and preferably above 50° C. while most preferably between 80°--90° C.
- the Act calls for the establishment of an exposure control plan, the containment of specimens of blood or other potentially infectious materials and the general tightening of precautionary measures to minimize the spread of disease.
- a safe and effective way to dispose of hospital waste in the form of soiled garments and apparent would greatly facilitate compliance with the above-referenced Act.
- Disposable medical utensils are generally composed of thermoplastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene, polyamides, acrylics, polyarimids, polyesters and cellulosics.
- the present invention involves molded or formed articles that are disposable in hot water, and a method for disposing of such articles These articles are only water soluble at temperatures above the normal body temperature of approximately 37° C. and preferably above 50° C. and most preferably between approximately 80°-90° C.
- the utensils are subjected to water at a sufficient temperature to substantially dissolve them, whereupon the water and dissolved articles are subjected to disposal.
- the present invention deals with the disposal of molded, formed or extruded articles configured into a whole variety of suitable utensils such as specimen containers, bedpans, sponge bowls and containers, trays and emesis basins, blood bags, tubing and syringes.
- suitable utensils such as specimen containers, bedpans, sponge bowls and containers, trays and emesis basins, blood bags, tubing and syringes.
- utensils used herein may be molded from cellulosics such as KlucelTM from Aqualon Co. More preferably, polyvinyl alcohol can be employed and most preferably a polyvinyl alcohol polymer that has been highly crystallized to increase its temperature of water solubility. Crystallinity can also be enhanced by post annealing or "drawing" the polymer.
- Such utensils would be insoluble in cold to warm baths preferably below 37° C., the average temperature of the human body. However, it is preferred that at or near the boiling point of water, or at least above approximately 50° C. and preferably between 80°-90° C., disposal could be accomplished in a hot water bath such as a washing machine that is dedicated solely to solubilizing and disinfecting articles made of such water soluble polymers.
- a hot water bath such as a washing machine that is dedicated solely to solubilizing and disinfecting articles made of such water soluble polymers.
- Utensils useful in practicing the present method can be, for example:
- Laboratory ware including specimen containers, petridishes, pipettes, etc.
- Patient care items including bedpans, urinals, medicine cups, glasses, feeding trays and kits.
- Utensils may be molded from propyl cellulose such as KlucelTM from Aqualon Company. More preferably, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be employed and most preferred a copolymer of polyvinylacetate (PVAc) and polyvinyl alcohol can be used having the following formula:
- Z is not less than 100,000 but preferably greater than 1,000,000
- X is a minor fraction of the polymer, generally 0.00 wt % to 5.0 wt. % and Y is the balance.
- the polymer can be entirely a homopolymer of polyvinyl alcohol. To increase its water solubility temperature, the polymer should be highly crystallized the degree of crystallization determining its solubility temperature.
- the polymer of Eq. 1 is generally placticized with 0.05% to 5.0% polyethylene glycol or glycerine to control stability at melt temperature as the melt and disintegration temperatures are both near 200° C. without plasticizer present.
- the polymer of Eq. 1 may be blended with plasticizers, such as polyethylene glycols and polyglucosidics as required for processing purposes. But most practically, the polymer of Eq. 1 may be blended with the homopolymer polyvinylacetate (PVAc) in the range of 1-10 parts PVAc to 99 to 90 parts of the copolymer to produce a thermoplastic that can be plasticized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and then molded, formed or extruded at 200°-220° C. without disintegration.
- PVAc homopolymer polyvinylacetate
- a commercial product VinexTM 1003 (Air Products), which is a polyvinyl alcohol that has been highly crystallized by postdrawing and which has been plasticized with PEG and/or glycerine is useful for practicing this invention. It may be molded or formed or extruded at 215° C. without disintegration producing a utensil or article that solubilizes at 50° C. or greater in H 2 O.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A method of disposing of utensils after use. The utensils are provided as molded, formed or extruded articles which are only water soluble at temperatures above 37° C. After use, the utensils are subjected to water at a sufficient temperature to substantially dissolve them whereupon the water and dissolved articles are subjected to sewer disposal.
Description
.Iadd.This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 739,902, filed Aug. 2, 1991, abandoned..Iaddend.
The present invention involves disposable hot water soluble utensils and the method of disposing of such utensils after use. Specifically, the utensils are composed of molded, formed or extruded articles which are water soluble at temperatures above approximately normal human body temperature (37° C.) and preferably above 50° C. while most preferably between 80°--90° C.
Hospital patient care generates considerable quantities of infectious medical waste in primary and acute care facilities. There has been a general conversion from reusable, cleanable items, to disposable items over the last three decades. These conversions were made to promote antiseptic techniques in patient care and to decrease the potential for cross-infections between patients, staff and the general public. Recent federal and state government regulations such as the Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 and OSHA Medical Facility rules have resulted in a substantial increase in medical waste that must be classified as "infectious."
When a patient is admitted to a hospital, the patient produces approximately 55 pounds of medical waste per day. Approximately 20% of this waste is infectious. The current stated objective of the American Hospital Association and the Centers for Disease Control is to treat medical waste as soon as it is generated. Both organizations recognize that medical waste is primarily an occupational hazard for health care workers and not an environmental problem. The best way to deal with infectious medical waste is to disinfect it at the point of generation and dispose of the treated medical waste with minimum handling and storage on premises. The need for an effective way to dispose of medical waste has been highlighted by the amendment made to 29 C.F.R. §1910.1030 which provides for the federal regulation under the Occupational Safety And Health Act, 29 U.S.C. 655, 657 to control bloodborne pathogens. Specifically, the Act calls for the establishment of an exposure control plan, the containment of specimens of blood or other potentially infectious materials and the general tightening of precautionary measures to minimize the spread of disease. A safe and effective way to dispose of hospital waste in the form of soiled garments and apparent would greatly facilitate compliance with the above-referenced Act.
Disposable medical utensils are generally composed of thermoplastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene, polyamides, acrylics, polyarimids, polyesters and cellulosics.
Although there is clearly a benefit in the use of disposables in medical care in that they reduce human contact with medical waste, non-biodegradable disposables are posing a disposability problem that is now being recognized. Landfill sites are becoming increasingly burdened with disposables which do not degrade for hundreds of years, if ever. As landfill sites become fully exploited, new sites must be found which are rightfully opposed by residents located proximate to proposed site locations. Medical waste incinerators are not available options to many generators.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide disposable hot water soluble utensils that can be disposed of while avoiding additional burdens to landfill disposal sites and incinerators.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of disposing of such utensils after use such that the utensils can be solubilized and medical waste substantially disinfected, in a single operation.
These and further objects will be more readily appreciated while considering the following disclosure and appended claims.
The present invention involves molded or formed articles that are disposable in hot water, and a method for disposing of such articles These articles are only water soluble at temperatures above the normal body temperature of approximately 37° C. and preferably above 50° C. and most preferably between approximately 80°-90° C. The utensils are subjected to water at a sufficient temperature to substantially dissolve them, whereupon the water and dissolved articles are subjected to disposal.
The present invention deals with the disposal of molded, formed or extruded articles configured into a whole variety of suitable utensils such as specimen containers, bedpans, sponge bowls and containers, trays and emesis basins, blood bags, tubing and syringes. Such products are generally employed in the medical industry both in hospitals, outpatient facilities and home environments.
Many of these products generally come into contact with human bodily fluids and their disposal and disinfection has become a matter of major concern in light of the lack of biodegradability of prior products and the potential spread of human fluid-born diseases such as hepatitis B (HBV) and AIDS (HIV). As a consequence, utensils used herein may be molded from cellulosics such as Klucel™ from Aqualon Co. More preferably, polyvinyl alcohol can be employed and most preferably a polyvinyl alcohol polymer that has been highly crystallized to increase its temperature of water solubility. Crystallinity can also be enhanced by post annealing or "drawing" the polymer. Such utensils would be insoluble in cold to warm baths preferably below 37° C., the average temperature of the human body. However, it is preferred that at or near the boiling point of water, or at least above approximately 50° C. and preferably between 80°-90° C., disposal could be accomplished in a hot water bath such as a washing machine that is dedicated solely to solubilizing and disinfecting articles made of such water soluble polymers. By employing such a method, two objectives would be accomplished, namely, that the articles and utensils would be disinfected and would be solubilized for disposal through the sewer system. Not only would this lessen the burden now being imposed upon current landfill sites but liquid sewer disposal would prove a comparative low cost technique in ridding the user of such used utensils and would provide for point-of-generation disposal thus lessening opportunities for cross-infection.
Utensils useful in practicing the present method can be, for example:
Procedural trays, bowls and basins.
Laboratory ware including specimen containers, petridishes, pipettes, etc.
Patient care items including bedpans, urinals, medicine cups, glasses, feeding trays and kits.
Irrigation syringes and trays, catheritization trays, drainage bags.
Enema bags and buckets and tubing.
Utensils may be molded from propyl cellulose such as Klucel™ from Aqualon Company. More preferably, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be employed and most preferred a copolymer of polyvinylacetate (PVAc) and polyvinyl alcohol can be used having the following formula:
[CH.sub.2 CH COOCH.sub.2).sub.x (CH.sub.2 CH OH).sub.y ].sub.z(1)
Wherein Z (D.P.) is not less than 100,000 but preferably greater than 1,000,000, X is a minor fraction of the polymer, generally 0.00 wt % to 5.0 wt. % and Y is the balance. As such, the polymer can be entirely a homopolymer of polyvinyl alcohol. To increase its water solubility temperature, the polymer should be highly crystallized the degree of crystallization determining its solubility temperature.
The polymer of Eq. 1 is generally placticized with 0.05% to 5.0% polyethylene glycol or glycerine to control stability at melt temperature as the melt and disintegration temperatures are both near 200° C. without plasticizer present. The polymer of Eq. 1 may be blended with plasticizers, such as polyethylene glycols and polyglucosidics as required for processing purposes. But most practically, the polymer of Eq. 1 may be blended with the homopolymer polyvinylacetate (PVAc) in the range of 1-10 parts PVAc to 99 to 90 parts of the copolymer to produce a thermoplastic that can be plasticized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and then molded, formed or extruded at 200°-220° C. without disintegration.
A commercial product Vinex™ 1003 (Air Products), which is a polyvinyl alcohol that has been highly crystallized by postdrawing and which has been plasticized with PEG and/or glycerine is useful for practicing this invention. It may be molded or formed or extruded at 215° C. without disintegration producing a utensil or article that solubilizes at 50° C. or greater in H2 O.
Claims (2)
1. A method of disposing of utensils after use said utensils comprising molded, formed or extruded articles being water soluble .[.tat.]. .Iadd.at .Iaddend.temperatures only above 37° C., and not below 37° C., said method comprising subjecting said utensils after use to water at a sufficient temperature to substantially dissolve said utensils whereupon said water and dissolved utensils are subjected to disposal wherein said utensils are composed of one or more members selected from the group consisting of propyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and copolymers of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol which have been highly crystallized by postdrawing or .Iadd.by .Iaddend.heat annealing.
2. A method of disposing of utensils after use said utensils comprising molded, formed or extruded articles being water soluble at temperatures only above .[.37+ C.]. .Iadd.37° C..Iaddend., and not below 37° C., said method comprising subjecting said utensils after use to water at a sufficient temperature to substantially dissolve said utensils whereupon said water and dissolved utensils are subjected to disposal wherein said utensils are composed of highly crystallized polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, said crystallization being carried out by postdrawing or by heat annealing.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/427,555 USRE36399E (en) | 1991-04-10 | 1995-04-24 | Method of Disposal of hot water soluble utensils |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US68329091A | 1991-04-10 | 1991-04-10 | |
US73990291A | 1991-08-02 | 1991-08-02 | |
US07/884,806 US5181967A (en) | 1991-04-10 | 1992-05-19 | Method of disposal of hot water soluble utensils |
US08/427,555 USRE36399E (en) | 1991-04-10 | 1995-04-24 | Method of Disposal of hot water soluble utensils |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US73990291A Continuation-In-Part | 1991-04-10 | 1991-08-02 | |
US07/884,806 Reissue US5181967A (en) | 1991-04-10 | 1992-05-19 | Method of disposal of hot water soluble utensils |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE36399E true USRE36399E (en) | 1999-11-23 |
Family
ID=27418419
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/427,555 Expired - Lifetime USRE36399E (en) | 1991-04-10 | 1995-04-24 | Method of Disposal of hot water soluble utensils |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | USRE36399E (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040216217A1 (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-11-04 | Jones Joan Adell | Scrubs formed from water-soluble polymeric material |
US20050050608A1 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-10 | Microtek Medical Holdings, Inc. | Water-soluble articles and methods of making and using the same |
Citations (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB386161A (en) * | 1931-03-10 | 1933-01-12 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | Manufacture of shaped articles from polyvinyl alcohols |
GB743165A (en) * | 1952-11-16 | 1956-01-11 | Kurashiki Rayon Kk | Water-soluble synthetic fibre and method for its manufacture |
US3413229A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1968-11-26 | Mono Sol Division Baldwin Mont | Polyvinyl alcohol compositions |
US3484874A (en) * | 1966-09-30 | 1969-12-23 | Frank J Bickenheuser Jr | Bed pan device |
GB1187690A (en) * | 1968-12-17 | 1970-04-15 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Method of Manufacturing Polyvinyl Alcohol Films |
DE1519530A1 (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1970-04-16 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Process for making chemical tips |
US3762454A (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1973-10-02 | R Wilkins | Disposable garbage container |
GB1374199A (en) * | 1971-07-23 | 1974-11-20 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab | Shaped bodies of pullulan and their use |
US3859125A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1975-01-07 | Gilbreth Co | Soluble coated paper |
US3886610A (en) * | 1971-08-13 | 1975-06-03 | Huntington Inst Of Applied Med | Hospital bed |
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1995
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GB386161A (en) * | 1931-03-10 | 1933-01-12 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | Manufacture of shaped articles from polyvinyl alcohols |
GB743165A (en) * | 1952-11-16 | 1956-01-11 | Kurashiki Rayon Kk | Water-soluble synthetic fibre and method for its manufacture |
DE1519530A1 (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1970-04-16 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Process for making chemical tips |
US3413229A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1968-11-26 | Mono Sol Division Baldwin Mont | Polyvinyl alcohol compositions |
US3484874A (en) * | 1966-09-30 | 1969-12-23 | Frank J Bickenheuser Jr | Bed pan device |
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US3886610A (en) * | 1971-08-13 | 1975-06-03 | Huntington Inst Of Applied Med | Hospital bed |
US3762454A (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1973-10-02 | R Wilkins | Disposable garbage container |
US3859125A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1975-01-07 | Gilbreth Co | Soluble coated paper |
US4295850A (en) * | 1973-11-13 | 1981-10-20 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Commercial preparations of dry organic substances |
GB1451619A (en) * | 1973-12-04 | 1976-10-06 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Enzymatically dispersible nonwoven webs and pads |
JPS5571532A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1980-05-29 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing polyvinyl alcohol series sponge- like molded body |
DE3017246A1 (en) * | 1980-05-06 | 1981-11-12 | Peter Dr. 5630 Remscheid Melchior | Soluble dirty laundry PVA bag esp. for hospitals - has inner layer soluble in cold water outer layer in hot water |
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GB2102461A (en) * | 1981-06-09 | 1983-02-02 | Dival Textiles Limited | Method of recovering synthetic fibres |
GB2119709A (en) * | 1982-04-27 | 1983-11-23 | Adrian Hilton Ellam | Hygiene material |
EP0107576A2 (en) * | 1982-10-12 | 1984-05-02 | Etablissements P. RAIMBAULT & CIE Société Anonyme dite: | Polyvinyl alcohol film with retarded water-solubility, process for its preparation and its use in burying dead bodies |
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