US20120242615A1 - Display device and electronic apparatus - Google Patents
Display device and electronic apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US20120242615A1 US20120242615A1 US13/403,063 US201213403063A US2012242615A1 US 20120242615 A1 US20120242615 A1 US 20120242615A1 US 201213403063 A US201213403063 A US 201213403063A US 2012242615 A1 US2012242615 A1 US 2012242615A1
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- display
- driving
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- sensor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/40—OLEDs integrated with touch screens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/04166—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0445—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
- G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
- H04N13/315—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers the parallax barriers being time-variant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/356—Image reproducers having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04108—Touchless 2D- digitiser, i.e. digitiser detecting the X/Y position of the input means, finger or stylus, also when it does not touch, but is proximate to the digitiser's interaction surface without distance measurement in the Z direction
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a display device and an electronic apparatus, which have a touch sensor function.
- a display device disclosed in the Pamphlet of International Publication No. 09/069358 has a configuration in which a barrier parallax (or a lenticular lens) and a touch panel are sequentially laminated above a liquid crystal panel including display pixels. That is, the display device has a configuration in which modules having an image display function, a 3D display function, and a touch sensor function, respectively, overlap each other. In this display device, it is preferable that a function, which allows not only a 3D image but also a common 2D (two-dimensional) image to be displayed, be realized.
- a display device including a pixel portion including a plurality of pixels; a display switching function portion that displays an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion, and is capable of switching a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image; and a sensor portion that detects whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches.
- an electronic apparatus including the display device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the display switching function portion displays the image, which is based on the light emitted from the pixel portion including the plurality of pixels, in a switchable manner as the three-dimensional image or the two-dimensional image.
- the sensor portion is provided, such that it is detected whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches while the image is displayed.
- a pixel portion including a plurality of pixels, a display switching function portion that displays an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion, and is capable of switching a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image, and a sensor portion that detects whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches are provided. Therefore, an information input by a user may be possible while displaying the three-dimensional image and the two-dimensional image in a switchable manner.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram illustrating an overall configuration of the display device shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of peripheral circuits in a pixel driving unit shown in FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of a pixel portion shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a switching and sensor driving circuit and a detection circuit shown in FIG. 2 , together with a layout of a driving electrode for a sensor and a detection electrode;
- FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a detection circuit shown in FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 7 is conceptual diagram illustrating driving signal waveforms for a 3D display, a 2D display, and a sensor
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are schematic diagrams illustrating a display operation in a liquid crystal lens portion at the time of a 3D display and a 2D display;
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a principle of an object detecting operation, in which a finger non-contact state is illustrated;
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a principle of an object detecting operation, in which a finger contact state is illustrated;
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a principle of an object detecting operation, in which an example of waveforms of a driving signal for a sensor and a detection signal is illustrated;
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a first modification example
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a second modification example
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B are schematic diagrams illustrating a display operation in a liquid lens portion at the time of a 3D display and a 2D display;
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a third modification example.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a fourth modification example.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIGS. 20A and 20B are schematic diagrams illustrating a display operation in a liquid crystal barrier portion at the time of a 3D display and a 2D display;
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a fifth modification example.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a sixth modification example.
- FIG. 23 is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance of a first application example of the display devices in the respective embodiments, or the like;
- FIG. 24A is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance of a second application example, which is seen from a front side
- FIG. 24B is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance seen from a back side
- FIG. 25 is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance of a third application example
- FIG. 26 is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance of a fourth application example.
- FIG. 27A is a front elevational view of an opened state of a fifth application example
- FIG. 27B is a side elevational view thereof
- FIG. 27C is an front elevational view of a closed state
- FIG. 27D is a left side elevational view
- FIG. 27E is a right side elevational view
- FIG. 27F is a top view
- FIG. 27G is a bottom view.
- Second Embodiment Example in which Driving Electrode of Liquid Crystal Lens Portion and Driving Electrode of Sensor Portion are Commonized, and Counter Electrode of Liquid Crystal Lens Portion and Common Electrode of Pixel Portion are Commonized
- Application Example Application Example of Touch Sensor-Mounted Display Device to Electronic Apparatus
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the display device 1 is, for example, an organic EL (Electroluminescence: hereinafter, referred to as an “EL”) display provided with a touch sensor function.
- a liquid crystal lens portion 20 as a display switching function portion and a touch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above a pixel portion 10 .
- the pixel portion 10 includes a plurality of organic EL elements as display pixels, and the sensor portion 30 has an electrostatic capacitance type touch sensor function. All of the pixel portion 10 , the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , and the touch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes.
- configurations of the pixel portion 10 , the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , and the touch sensor portion 30 will be described.
- the pixel portion 10 is provided on a first substrate 11 and includes a plurality of organic EL elements, for example, as pixels of R (red), G (green), and B (blue).
- the first substrate 11 is a circuit substrate to drive the pixel portion 10 , and in the first substrate 11 , peripheral circuits that make up a pixel driving unit 72 described later, and a pixel transistor, or the like are disposed.
- the pixel portion 10 includes at least a pixel electrode layer 11 a , an organic EL layer 12 , and a common electrode 13 a in this order from the first substrate 11 side.
- a circuit configuration example of a pixel will be described later.
- the pixel electrode layer 11 a includes a plurality of pixel electrodes, and each of the pixel electrodes functions as an anode to inject a hole into the organic EL layer 12 .
- This pixel electrode is formed of, for example, a metallic material having a reflectivity, for example, an elementary substance of a metal element such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr), or an alloy thereof.
- the pixel electrode may be formed of a transparent conductive film of an oxide (ITO) of indium and tin, an oxide (IZO) of indium and zinc, or the like.
- the pixel electrode may be formed of a single-layered film of a magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) co-deposition film or a laminated film thereof.
- a pixel isolation film (a window film, not shown), which has an opening in correspondence with each of the pixel electrodes, is provided on the pixel electrode layer 11 a and thereby a light-emitting region is partitioned for each pixel.
- the organic EL layer 12 is a white light-emitting layer that is common to each of the pixels, and emits white light through recoupling of a hole and an electron.
- the organic EL layer 12 is not limited to the white light-emitting layer, and light-emitting layers (a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, and a blue light-emitting layer) of respective colors may be applied for each pixel.
- color filters may be arranged for each pixel to take out color light of R, G, and B.
- the common electrode 13 a is laminated over an entire surface of the organic EL layer 12 .
- the common electrode 13 a an electrode that is common for each pixel, and functions as, for example, a cathode to inject an electron into the organic EL layer 12 .
- the common electrode 13 a is formed of a transparent conductive film of, for example, an oxide (ITO) of indium and tin, an oxide (IZO) of indium and zinc, or the like, or a single-layered film of a magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) co-deposition film or a laminated film thereof.
- ITO oxide
- IZO oxide
- Mg—Ag magnesium-silver
- the common electrode 13 a may be formed of, for example, a metallic material having a reflectivity, for example, an elementary substance of a metal element such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr), or an alloy thereof.
- a metallic material having a reflectivity for example, an elementary substance of a metal element such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr), or an alloy thereof.
- a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer may be provided between the pixel electrode layer 11 a and the organic EL layer 12
- an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer may be provided between the common electrode 13 a and the organic EL layer 12 .
- a color filter layer or a black matrix layer may be provided on the common electrode 13 a.
- the pixel portion 10 is sealed by a second substrate 13 , and a third substrate 15 as a base material of the liquid crystal lens portion 20 is adhered above the second substrate 13 with an adhesion layer 14 interposed therebetween.
- the second substrate 13 and the third substrate 15 are formed of, for example, a transparent substrate such as glass.
- the liquid crystal lens portion 20 performs an image display by transmitting light emitted from the pixel portion 10 , and has a function of displaying an image at that point of time in a switchable manner as a 3D image or a 2D image.
- the liquid crystal lens portion 20 includes a liquid crystal layer 18 , for example, at a position between a counter electrode 16 and a driving electrode 19 , and serves as a variable-focal length lens that allows a focal length (refraction index) to vary (allows an emission angle of a light beam to vary) in response to an applied voltage to the liquid crystal layer 18 .
- the switching of the 3D display and the 2D display is realized by the variation in the refraction index in response to the applied voltage.
- Alignment films 17 a and 17 b are formed on liquid crystal layer 18 side surfaces of the counter electrode 16 and the driving electrode 19 , respectively.
- the counter electrode 16 is provided over an entire surface of the third substrate 15 , and is formed of, for example, a transparent conductive film of ITO, IZO, or the like.
- This counter electrode 16 is an electrode to apply a driving voltage to the liquid crystal layer 18 together with the driving electrode 19 , and is maintained to, for example, a fixed potential (common potential).
- the counter electrode 16 may be connected to a common potential line or the like, or may be grounded.
- the liquid crystal layer 18 is configured by, for example, a Nematic liquid crystal and has a homogeneous alignment.
- the alignment films 17 a and 17 b control an alignment state of a liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 18 , and is formed of, for example, polyimide or the like.
- the driving electrode 19 is a driving electrode (a driving electrode for display switching) of the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , and also serves as a driving electrode for a sensor in the touch sensor portion 30 .
- the driving electrode 19 is formed of, for example, a transparent conductive film of ITO, IZO, or the like, and is partitioned into a plurality of electrodes having a strip shape. In other words, a plurality of slits (portions at which an electrode is not formed) are formed in the driving electrode 19 , and an alignment state of a liquid crystal at the time of applying a voltage varies into a predetermined alignment state by these inter-electrode slits, and therefore is capable of functioning as a liquid crystal lens.
- a detection electrode 22 is laminated above the driving electrode 19 so as to form an electrostatic capacitor (capacitative element) between the detection electrode 22 and the driving electrode 19 .
- the driving electrode 19 also drives the touch sensor portion 30 together with the liquid crystal lens portion 20 .
- the detection electrode 22 is arranged above the driving electrode 19 with a fourth substrate 21 interposed therebetween, and is formed of, for example, a transparent conductive film of ITO, IZO, or the like, and is partitioned into a plurality of electrodes having a strip shape, similarly to the driving electrode 19 .
- These driving electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 are disposed in such a manner that respective strip-shaped electrode intersect each other (details thereof will be described later).
- the liquid crystal lens portion 20 and the touch sensor portion 30 which use the driving electrode 19 in common, may be manufactured as described below. That is, for example, the detection electrode 22 and the driving electrode 19 are formed on a front surface and a rear surface of the fourth substrate 21 , respectively, with a predetermined pattern described later, and the alignment film 17 b is formed on a surface of the driving electrode 19 .
- a spacer or the like may be provided above the third substrate 15 having the counter electrode 16 and the alignment film 17 a on a surface thereof, the liquid crystal layer 18 may be dropped, and then a driving electrode 19 side surface of the fourth substrate 21 may be adhered to the third substrate 15 to seal the liquid crystal layer 18 .
- a laminated body of the liquid crystal lens portion 20 and the touch sensor portion 30 which is manufactured in this manner, may be adhered on the second substrate 13 that sealing the pixel portion 10 with the adhesion layer 14 interposed therebetween.
- the fourth substrate 21 is formed by a transparent insulating substrate such as glass similarly to the second substrate 13 and the third substrate 15 .
- the fourth substrate 21 as a dielectric material is interposed between the driving electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 , such that a capacitative element is formed between the driving electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 .
- a polarization plate 23 may be adhered above the fourth substrate 21 .
- two kinds of polarized light are included in the light emitted from the pixel portion 10 .
- One polarized light of the two kinds of polarized light is affected by a birefringence effect in the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , but the other polarized light is emitted without being affected by the effect. Therefore, the polarized light, which is not affected by the birefringence effect in the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , is removed by the polarization plate 23 .
- the liquid crystal lens portion 20 and the touch sensor portion 30 are laminated above the pixel portion 10 , and four sheets of substrates in total including the first substrate 11 , the second substrate 13 , the third substrate 15 , and the fourth substrate 21 are used.
- the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 13 function as a driving substrate and a sealing substrate of the pixel portion 10 , respectively
- the third substrate 15 functions as a lower substrate (counter substrate) of the liquid crystal lens portion 20 .
- the fourth substrate 21 functions as a sealing substrate of the liquid crystal lens portion 20 and as a dielectric material in the touch sensor portion 30 .
- FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram schematically illustrating an overall configuration of the display device 1 including the pixel portion 10 , the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , and the touch sensor portion 30 .
- the display device 1 includes a control unit 70 , the pixel portion 10 , the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , and the touch sensor portion 30 , and a pixel driving unit 71 to drive these portions, a display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 , and a detection circuit 73 .
- the control unit 70 is a circuit that supplies a control signal with respect to the pixel driving unit 71 , the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 , and the detection circuit 73 , respectively, based on a video signal Vdisp supplied from an outside, and that controls in such a manner that these operate at a predetermined timing. Specifically, the control unit 70 supplies a video signal S based on the video signal Vdisp with respect to the pixel driving unit 71 , and controls the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 to supply a predetermined driving signal with respect to the liquid crystal lens portion 20 .
- the pixel driving unit 71 drives the pixel portion 10 based on the video signal S supplied from the control unit 70 .
- the pixel driving unit 71 includes, for example, a video signal processing circuit that performs a predetermined correction process with respect to the video signal S, a timing generating circuit that controls each timing of a display operation and a sensor operation (all of these are not shown), and various drivers.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration example of peripheral circuits (drivers) of the pixel portion 10 .
- a plurality of pixels PXLs
- a scanning line and power line driving circuit 31 and a signal line driving circuit 32 are arranged at the periphery of the effective display area 100 .
- Each pixel (PXL) is connected to a scanning line WSL, a power line DSL, and a signal line DTL.
- the scanning line and power line driving circuit 31 includes a scanning line driving circuit and a power line driving circuit (not shown).
- the scanning line driving circuit sequentially applies a selection pulse with respect to the plurality of scanning lines WSLs at a predetermined timing to sequentially select each pixel.
- the scanning line driving circuit time-divisionally switches and outputs a voltage Von 1 to set a writing transistor Tr 1 described later in an on-state, and a voltage Voff 1 to set the writing transistor Tr 1 in an off-state.
- the power line driving circuit sequentially applies a control pulse with respect to a plurality of power lines DSLs at a predetermined timing to perform a control of a light-emitting operation and a light-quenching operation of each pixel.
- the power line driving circuit time-divisionally switches and outputs a voltage VH 1 that allows a current Ids to flow to a driving transistor Tr 2 described later and a voltage VL 1 that prevents the current Ids from flowing thereto.
- the signal line driving circuit 32 generates an analog video signal corresponding to the video signal S input from the outside at a predetermined timing, and applies it to each signal line DTL. In this manner, the writing of the video signal is performed with respect to a pixel selected by the scanning line driving circuit.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a circuit configuration of the pixel (PXL).
- the pixel portion 10 includes an organic EL element (OLED), the writing (for sampling) transistor Tr 1 , the driving transistor Tr 2 , a holding capacitative element Cs.
- the writing transistor Tr 1 and the driving transistor Tr 2 are, for example, n-channel MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) type TFT, respectively.
- a kind of the TFT is not particularly limited, and for example, may be a reversely staggered structure (so-called a bottom gate type), or a staggered structure (so-called a top gate type).
- a gate of the writing transistor Tr 1 is connected to the scanning line WSL, a drain there of is connected to the signal line DTL, and a source thereof is connected to a gate of the driving transistor Tr 2 and one end of the holding capacitative element Cs.
- a drain of the driving transistor Tr 2 is connected to the power line DSL, and a source thereof is connected to the other end of the holding capacitative element Cs and an anode of the organic EL element (OLED).
- a cathode of the organic EL element (OLED) is set to a fixed potential, and is set to a ground (ground potential).
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 applies a predetermined driving signal to the liquid crystal lens portion 20 and the touch sensor portion 30 based on a control signal supplied from the control unit 70 .
- the driving electrode 19 is common to the liquid crystal lens portion 20 and the touch sensor portion 30 , but a driving signal (a driving signal Vd described later) for the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , and a driving signal (a driving signal Vs described later) for the touch sensor portion 30 are separately set. That is, the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 applies signals of AC rectangular waveforms different from each other with respect to the driving electrode 19 at timings different from each other.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an example of the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 and the detection circuit 73 , together with a layout of the driving electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 .
- the layout of the layout of the driving electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 is a layout seen from the detection electrode 22 side.
- the driving electrode 19 includes, for example, a plurality (n) of stripe-shaped driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n ) that extend in one direction.
- m (m is an integer of 2 to n) pieces of driving electrodes 19 may be electrically connected to each other, or all of the n pieces of driving electrodes 19 may be provided to be electrically isolated from each other.
- m pieces of driving electrodes 19 have a shape (a comb-like shape) in which respective end portions thereof are connected to each other, and a driving signal may be applied in a state in which m pieces of connected driving electrode 19 are set as one set (unit driving line).
- the detection electrode 22 includes a plurality of (p) strip-shaped detection electrodes 22 ( 1 ) to 22 ( p ) that extend in a direction intersecting (hereinafter, referred to as “orthogonal to”) the plurality of driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n ).
- q pieces (q is an integer of 2 to p) of detection electrodes 22 may be electrically connected to each other, or all of the p pieces of detection electrodes 22 may be provided to be electrically isolated from each other.
- q pieces of detection electrodes 22 have a shape (a comb-like shape) in which respective end portions thereof are connected to each other), and a detection signal may be acquired in a state in which q pieces of detection electrodes 22 are set as a unit detection line. In the latter case, a detection signal is acquired for each of the detection electrodes 22 .
- a dielectric material layer (here, the fourth substrate 21 ) is interposed between the detection electrodes 22 and the driving electrodes 19 at each intersecting portion thereof in the vertical direction. That is, at each intersecting portion of the detection electrodes 22 and the driving electrodes 19 , a capacitative element is formed therebetween.
- the plurality of detection electrodes 22 and the driving electrodes 19 are provided to intersect each other, such that the intersecting portions are two-dimensionally formed in a matrix state, and are capable of detecting a position of an object with two-dimensional coordinates. Furthermore, detection on whether touch (so-called multi-touch) by plural persons or by plural fingers is present may be realized.
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 supplies a driving signal Vs with respect to the above-described driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n ), for example, in a line sequential manner (the above-described one or m pieces of driving electrodes 19 are set as a unit driving line).
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 includes, for example, a shift register 721 , a selection unit 722 , a level shifter 723 , and a buffer 724 .
- the shift register 721 is a logic circuit that sequentially transmits an input pulse.
- the selection unit 722 is a logic circuit that controls whether or not the driving signals (Vd and Vs) are to be output with respect to each display pixel 20 within the effective display area 100 , and controls the output of the driving signals (Vd and Vs) in response to a position within the effective display area 100 , or the like.
- the level shifter 723 is a circuit that shifts a control signal supplied from the selection unit 722 to a potential level that is sufficient to control the driving signals (Vd and Vs).
- the buffer 724 is a final output logic circuit to sequentially supply the driving signal Vs to each line, and includes an output buffer circuit, a switch circuit, or the like.
- a detection signal (Vdet) based on an electrostatic capacitance may be obtained from the detection electrode 22 , such that the obtained detection signal is transmitted to the detection circuit 73 .
- FIG. 6 shows a functional block configuration of the detection circuit 73 that performs an object detection operation and a timing control unit 74 as a timing generator.
- capacitative elements Cn 1 to Cnp correspond to the electrostatic (electrostatic) capacitative elements that are formed at respective intersecting portions of the driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n ) and the detection electrodes 22 ( 1 ) to 22 ( p ).
- Each of the capacitative elements Cn 1 to Cnp is connected to a driving signal source S that supplies the driving signal Vs.
- the detection circuit 73 (voltage detector DET) includes, for example, an amplification unit 81 , an A/D (analog/digital) converting unit 83 , a signal processing unit 84 , a frame memory 86 , a coordinate extracting unit 85 , and a resistor R.
- An input terminal Tin of the detection circuit 73 is connected in common to the other end side (detection electrode 22 side) of each of the capacitative elements Cn 1 to Cnp.
- the amplification unit 81 amplifies the detection signal Vdet input from the input terminal Tin, and includes an effective amplifier for signal amplification, a capacitor, or the like.
- the resistor R is disposed between the amplification unit 81 and a ground.
- the resistor R allows the detection electrode 22 to be a stable state by preventing it from being a floating state. Therefore, in regard to the detection circuit 73 , there is an advantage in that it is possible to prevent a signal value of the detection signal Vdet from unstably varying and it is possible to let a static electricity be escaped to a ground through the resistor R.
- the A/D converting unit 83 converts the analog detection signal Vdet that is amplified in the amplification unit 81 to a digital detection signal, and includes a comparator (not shown).
- the comparator compares potentials between the detection signal that is input and a predetermined threshold value voltage Vth.
- a sampling timing at the time of A/D converting in the A/D converting unit 83 is controlled by a timing control signal CTL 2 that is supplied from the timing control unit 74 .
- the signal processing unit 84 performs a predetermined process (for example, a signal processing such as a digital noise removing process, and a process of converting frequency information to position information) with respect to the digital detection signal output from the A/D converting unit 83 .
- a predetermined process for example, a signal processing such as a digital noise removing process, and a process of converting frequency information to position information
- the coordinate extracting unit 85 obtains information on whether or not an object is present or a position (coordinates) of the object based on the detection signal output from the signal processing unit 84 , and output this from an output terminal Tout as a detection result (detection signal Dout).
- the detection circuit 73 may be formed on the fourth substrate 21 , or may be formed at the periphery of the display region on the first substrate 11 . However, when the detection circuit 73 is formed on the first substrate 11 , integration with a pixel driving driver that is originally formed on the first substrate 11 is obtained, such that it is preferable from the viewpoint of simplicity due to the integration.
- the display device 1 when the video signal S is input to the pixel driving unit 71 from the control unit 70 , the scanning line and power line driving circuit 31 and the signal line driving circuit 32 display-drives each pixel (PXL) in the effective display region 100 . In this manner, a driving current flows to the organic EL element (OLED) in each pixel, and in the organic EL layer 12 , a hole and an electron are recoupled and thereby white light-emission occurs.
- Light emitted from the pixel portion 10 is input to the liquid crystal lens portion 20 after being sequentially transmitted through the second substrate 13 , the adhesion layer 14 , and the third substrate 15 .
- the control unit 70 performs a control in order for the liquid crystal lens portion 20 described later to perform a 3D display operation (specifically, applies a driving signal Vd 1 to the driving electrode 19 ), and a video signal corresponding to an image in which for example, left and right parallax images are combined is supplied with respect to the pixel driving unit 71 as a video signal S.
- control unit 70 performs a control in order for the liquid crystal lens portion 20 described later to perform a 2D display operation (specifically, applies a driving signal Vd 2 to the driving electrode 19 ), and supplies a video signal corresponding to a common 2D image with respect to the pixel driving unit 71 as the video signal S.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an AC rectangular waveform in the driving signal for a 3D display and a 2D display, together with a waveform for a sensor.
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 applies a predetermined driving signal corresponding to the driving electrode 19 based on a control instruction from the control unit 70 .
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 applies the driving signal Vd 1 in which a polarity thereof is inverted in a cycle of one frame period, for example, in the AC rectangular waveform.
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 applies the same driving signal Vd 1 with respect to all of the plurality of driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n ) making up the driving electrode 19 at the same timing.
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 applies the driving signal Vd 2 in which a polarity thereof is inverted in a cycle of one frame period, for example, in the AC rectangular waveform, and which is different from the driving signal Vd 1 (here, Vd 1 >Vd 2 ).
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 applies the same driving signal Vd 2 with respect to all of the plurality of driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n ) making up the driving electrode 19 at the same timing.
- the AC rectangular waveform of these driving signals Vd 1 and Vd 2 , or the magnitude relationship thereof may be appropriately set in correspondence with characteristics of liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal layer 18 , the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 18 , a scale of an inter-electrode slit in the driving electrode 19 , or the like.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a variation (specifically, a variation in an alignment state of a liquid crystal molecular) in a refraction index of the liquid crystal lens portion 20 in the case of the 3D display and in the case of the 2D display as described above, respectively.
- the driving signal Vd 1 is applied to the driving electrode 19 , light incident from the pixel portion 10 side is refracted during being transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 18 and is emitted in a plurality of angle directions different from each other.
- an image (a combined image of left and right parallax images) based on the light emitted from the pixel portion 10 is projected with being separated to left and right eyes by the liquid crystal lens portion 20 and is displayed (visually recognized) as a 3D image.
- the touch sensor portion 30 operates to detect whether or not an object (a finger, a stylus, or the like) comes into contact with or approaches the polarization plate 23 .
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 supplies the driving signal Vs for a sensor together with the driving signal Vd 1 (or Vd 2 ) for the above-described 3D display (or 2D display) with respect to the driving electrode 19 (the driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n )).
- the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 applies the driving signal Vs with respect to the driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n ), for example, in a line-sequential manner.
- the driving signal Vs is applied within a very short period compared to the application period of the driving signals Vd 1 and Vd 2 . In this manner, the detection of the object is realized practically without having an effect on the image display operation in the liquid crystal lens portion 20 (without making the liquid crystal layer 18 response in a degree of causing an effect in the display).
- the driving signal Vs may be applied in a blanking period of the driving signal Vd 1 (or Vd 2 ).
- FIGS. 9A to 11B show schematic diagrams illustrating a principle of the object detection operation.
- a capacitative element C 1 is formed by the driving electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 that are disposed to be opposite to each other with a dielectric material D (corresponding to the fourth substrate 21 ) disposed therebetween, but this structure is expressed as an equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 9B .
- the capacitative element C 1 one end thereof is connected to an AC signal source S (a driving signal source), and the other end P is grounded through a resistor R, and is connected to a voltage detector (detection circuit) DET.
- an AC rectangular wave Sg FIG.
- an output waveform (a detection signal Vdet) shown in FIG. 11A occurs at the detection electrode 22 (the other end P of the capacitative element C 1 ).
- the AC rectangular waveform Sg corresponds to the driving signal Vs in this embodiment.
- a current 10 corresponding to a capacitance value of the capacitative element C 1 flows.
- a potential waveform at the other end P of the capacitative element C 1 at this time becomes, for example, like a waveform V 0 FIG. 11A , and is detected by the voltage detector DET.
- FIG. 10B in a state in which the finger comes into contact with (approaches), as shown in FIG. 10B , it becomes an equivalent to a state in which a capacitative element C 2 , which is formed by an object (for example, a finger), is serially added to the capacitative element C 1 .
- a capacitative element C 2 which is formed by an object (for example, a finger)
- each of currents I 1 and I 2 flows.
- a potential waveform at the other end P of the capacitative element C 1 at this time becomes, for example, like a waveform V 1 FIG. 11A , and is detected by the voltage detector DET.
- a potential at a point P becomes a divided voltage potential determined depending on values of the current I 1 and I 2 that flow through the capacitative elements C 1 and C 2 . Therefore, the waveform V 1 becomes a value smaller than that of the waveform V 0 in the non-contact state.
- the detection of an object that comes into contact with or approaches is realized through a detection of a variance in the waveforms (a variance in a voltage value).
- the capacitative element C 1 is formed at each of the intersecting portions of the n pieces of driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n ) and the p pieces of detection electrodes 22 ( 1 ) to 22 ( p ).
- the driving signal Vs is applied in a line sequential manner with respect to the driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n )
- the following operation occurs. That is, charging and discharging is performed with respect to each of Cn 1 to Cnp formed at intersecting portions of one driving electrode 19 to which the driving signal Vs is applied at an arbitrary timing, and the plurality of (here, p) detection electrodes 22 ( 1 ) to 22 ( p ).
- the detection signal Vdet having a magnitude corresponding to a capacitance value of the capacitative element C 1 is output from each of the detection electrodes 22 ( 1 ) to 22 ( p ).
- a column of the capacitative element C 1 which becomes a target to be charged and discharged, is sequentially moved.
- the magnitude of the detection signal Vdet becomes substantially constant.
- the capacitative element C 2 due to the finger is added to the capacitative element C 1 that is originally formed at the contact place.
- a value of the detection signal Vdet at the point of time when the contact place is scanned that is, at the point of time when the driving signal Vs is applied to the driving electrode 19 corresponding to the touch place among the driving electrodes 19 ( 1 ) to 19 ( n )
- the detection signal Vdet which may be obtained through the detection electrode 22 , is output to the detection circuit 73 .
- the detection circuit 73 compares the detection signal Vdet obtained as described above and a predetermined threshold value voltage Vth, and determines as a non-contact state (not-approaching state) when the detection signal Vdet is equal to or larger than the threshold value voltage Vth, and determines as a contact state (approaching state) when the detection signal Vdet is less than the threshold value voltage Vth. In this manner, the object detection operation is performed.
- the contact place (position coordinates) of the object may be calculated from an application timing of the driving signal Vs, and a detection timing of the detection signal Vdet that is less than the threshold value voltage Vth.
- the above-described liquid crystal lens portion 20 and the touch sensor unit 30 are provided above the pixel portion 10 , it is possible to display an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion 10 as a 3D image or a 2D image. In addition, it is possible to detect whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches while performing the image display. Therefore, information may be input by a user while displaying the 3D image and the 2D image in a switchable manner.
- the driving electrode 19 is used in common (the driving electrode for a sensor also serves as the driving electrode for display switching), it is preferable for a small thickness compared to a case in which the driving electrode for a sensor is provided separately from the driving electrode for display switching.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 1 A) according to a first modification example.
- the display device 1 A is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to the display device 1 according to the first embodiment, and the liquid crystal lens portion 20 as the display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above the pixel portion 10 .
- all of the pixel portion 10 , the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , and the touch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes.
- this modification example has a laminated structure in which the liquid crystal lens portion 20 is formed on the second substrate 13 , and specifically, the counter electrode 16 is formed directly on the second substrate 13 . That is, in the display device 1 according to the first embodiment, the laminated body in which the liquid crystal lens portion 20 (and the touch sensor unit 30 ) is sealed between the third substrate 15 and the fourth substrate 21 is provided above the second substrate 13 with the adhesion layer 14 interposed therebetween, but this modification example has a structure in which the third substrate 15 and the adhesion layer 14 are omitted. In this manner, the number of sheets of substrates is totally three sheets including the first substrate 11 , the second substrate 13 , and the fourth sheet 21 .
- the liquid crystal layer 18 may be dropped on the alignment film 17 a , and the liquid crystal layer 18 may be sealed with the fourth substrate 21 having the driving electrode 19 as described above in the first embodiment.
- the second substrate 13 sealing the pixel portion 10 may be used as a lower substrate (in the first embodiment, the third substrate 13 ) of the liquid crystal lens portion 20 . Due to this, the same effect as the first embodiment may be obtained, and the number of parts is reduced and thereby it is easy to realize a relatively small thickness.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 1 B) according to a second modification example.
- the display device 1 B an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to the display device 1 according to the first embodiment, and the liquid crystal lens portion 20 as the display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above the pixel portion 10 .
- all of the pixel portion 10 , the liquid crystal lens portion 20 , and the touch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes.
- the second modification example has a laminated structure in which the third substrate 15 is omitted similarly to the first modification example.
- this modification example has a laminated structure in which the second substrate 13 is also omitted in addition to the third substrate 15 and the number of sheets of substrates is totally two sheets including the first substrate 11 and the fourth substrate 21 .
- a protective layer 24 is formed on the pixel portion 10 , and the counter electrode 16 is formed directly on the protective layer 24 .
- the protective layer 24 is formed of, for example, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxide film, or the like, and seals and protects the pixel portion 10 .
- the second substrate 13 sealing the pixel portion 10 may be omitted, and in this case, the protective layer 24 may be provided to protect the pixel portion 10 . Due to this, substantially the same effect as the first embodiment may be obtained, and the number of sheets of substrates may be reduced.
- a display device (a display device 2 ) according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described.
- Like reference numerals will be given to like parts having substantially the same functions as those of the display device 1 of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be appropriately omitted.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of the display device 2 .
- the display device 2 is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to the display device 1 according to the first embodiment, and the liquid crystal lens portion (liquid crystal lens portion 20 A) as the display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above the pixel portion 10 .
- all of the pixel portion 10 , the liquid crystal lens portion 20 A, and the touch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes.
- a circuit configuration of the pixel portion 10 and configurations of peripheral circuits (the scanning line and power line driving circuit 31 and the signal line driving circuit 32 ) thereof, the control unit 70 , the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 , and the detection circuit 73 are substantially same as the first embodiment.
- the common electrode 13 a in the pixel portion 10 also serves as a counter electrode (corresponds to the counter electrode 16 in the first embodiment) in the liquid crystal lens portion 20 A.
- one electrode which is maintained to a fixed potential (or grounded), is used in common in the pixel portion 10 and the liquid crystal lens portion 20 A.
- the alignment film 17 a is formed on a common electrode 13 a , and the liquid crystal layer 18 is provided on this alignment film 17 a .
- the second substrate 13 and the third substrate 15 become unnecessary, and therefore the number of sheets of substrates becomes totally two sheets in the display device.
- the liquid crystal layer 18 is sealed by the fourth substrate 21 on which the driving electrode 19 is arranged.
- the liquid crystal lens portion 20 A is a variable-focal length lens that allows a focal length to vary in response to a driving voltage.
- the liquid crystal lens portion 20 A performs an image display based on light emitted from the pixel portion 10 , and has a function of displaying an image at that point of time as a 3D image or a 2D image.
- the liquid crystal lens portion 20 A and the touch sensor unit 30 are provided above the pixel portion 10 , and it is possible to display the image based on the light emitted from the pixel portion 10 as the 3D image or the 2D image. In addition, it is possible to detect whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches while displaying the image. Therefore, it is possible to obtain substantially the same effect as the first embodiment.
- the driving electrode 19 is used in common in the liquid crystal lens portion 20 A and the touch sensor unit 30
- the common electrode 13 a is used in common in the pixel portion 10 and the liquid crystal lens portion 20 A, such that it is possible to reduce the number of substrates, the number of electrode layers and interconnections. As a result, it becomes easy to realize a simple configuration with a small thickness.
- a display device (a display device 3 ) according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure will be described.
- Like reference numerals will be given to like parts having substantially the same functions as those of the display device 1 of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be appropriately omitted.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of the display device 3 .
- the display device 3 is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to the display device 1 according to the first embodiment, the display switching function portion that is capable of switching the 3D display and the 2D display and the touch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above the pixel portion 10 . All of the pixel portion 10 , the display switching function portion, and the touch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. Furthermore, the driving electrode 19 is used in common in the display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion 30 .
- a circuit configuration of the pixel portion 10 and configurations of peripheral circuits (the scanning line and power line driving circuit 31 and the signal line driving circuit 32 ) thereof, the control unit 70 , the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 , and the detection circuit 73 are substantially the same as the first embodiment.
- liquid lens portion 20 B as the display switching function portion is provided.
- Configurations other than the liquid lens portion 20 B are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the liquid lens portion 20 B is a variable-focal length lens that allows a focal length to vary in response to a driving voltage.
- the liquid lens portion 20 B performs an image display based on light emitted from the pixel portion 10 , and has a function of displaying an image at that point of time as a 3D image or a 2D image.
- two liquid layers in which polarity is different in each case are provided between the driving electrode 19 having electrode slits (divided into a plurality strip-shaped patterns) and the counter electrode 16 .
- a surface of the driving electrode 19 is covered with an insulating film 26 , and an area on the insulating film 26 is partitioned by, for example, partitions 26 a in which a surface shape along a substrate surface is a lattice shape or a strip shape.
- partitions 26 a in which a surface shape along a substrate surface is a lattice shape or a strip shape.
- the nonpolar liquid layer 25 B is maintained, and the polar liquid layer 25 A is present over a counter electrode 16 side entire surface of the nonpolar liquid layer 25 B.
- liquid lens portion 20 B when a predetermined driving signal is supplied to the driving electrode 19 , a predetermined voltage is applied between the driving electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16 , and in the liquid lens portion 20 B, it is also possible to display an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion 10 in a switchable manner as the 2D image or the 3D image.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B schematically illustrate a display operation, or optical paths changed by the liquid lens portion 20 B at the time of the 3D display and the 2D display.
- FIG. 16A when a voltage corresponding to the driving signal Vd 3 for the 3D display is applied between the driving electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16 , in the liquid lens portion 20 B, an interface (interface S 1 ) of the polar liquid layer 25 A and the nonpolar liquid layer 25 B becomes a concave shape. Therefore, light incident from the pixel portion 10 side is refracted on the interface S 1 and is emitted from the liquid lens portion 20 B.
- an image (a combined image of left and right parallax images) based on the light emitted from the pixel portion 10 is projected with being separated to left and right eyes, and is displayed (visually recognized) as a 3D image.
- the image based on the light emitted from the pixel portion 10 may be displayed as the 3D image or the 2D image.
- touch sensor portion 30 since touch sensor portion 30 is provided, it is possible to detect whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches while performing the image display. Therefore, it is possible to obtain substantially the same effect as the first embodiment.
- FIG. 17 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (a display device 3 A) according to the third modification example.
- the display device 3 A is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to the display device 3 according to the third embodiment, a liquid lens portion 20 B 1 as a display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above the pixel portion 10 . All of the pixel portion 10 , the liquid lens portion 20 B 1 , and the touch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. Furthermore, a driving electrode 19 A is used in common in the liquid lens portion 20 B 1 and the touch sensor portion 30 . In the liquid lens portion 20 B 1 , similarly to the third embodiment, the polar liquid layer 25 A and the nonpolar liquid layer 25 B are maintained between a pair of electrodes to allow a refraction index to vary by a voltage supply.
- the driving electrode 19 A which is provided in a strip-shaped pattern at one surface side of the fourth substrate 21 , is formed to cover a surface of each partition 26 a , and is formed with a strip-shaped pattern in overall.
- the nonpolar liquid layer 25 B is maintained on the fourth substrate 21 in each area partitioned by the driving electrode 19 A and the partition 26 a.
- the driving electrode 19 A is formed to cover the surface of the partition 26 a as an example, but the partition 26 a may not be provided, and an area may be partitioned by patterning the driving electrode 19 (by adjusting a height and a pitch of the driving electrode 19 ) so as to maintain the nonpolar liquid layer 25 B in each partitioned area.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (a display device 3 B) according to the fourth modification example.
- a configuration of the display device 3 B is not limited to the configurations of the display devices 3 and 3 A according to the third embodiment and the third modification example.
- the display device 3 B uses a liquid lens portion 20 B 2 as a display switching function portion, which includes the polar liquid layer 25 A and the nonpolar liquid layer 25 B between the driving electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16 .
- the driving electrode 19 partitions an area maintaining the nonpolar liquid layer 26 b , and a surface of the driving electrode 19 is covered with an insulating film 26 b .
- the nonpolar liquid layer 25 B is provided at each area partitioned by the driving electrode 19 with the insulating film 26 b interposed between the driving electrode 19 and the nonpolar liquid layer 25 B.
- a display device (a display device 4 ) according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure will be described.
- Like reference numerals will be given to like parts having substantially the same functions as those of the display device 1 of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be appropriately omitted.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of the display device 4 .
- the display device 4 is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to the display device 1 according to the first embodiment, the display switching function portion that is capable of switching the 3D display and the 2D display and the touch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above the pixel portion 10 . All of the pixel portion 10 , the display switching function portion, and the touch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. Furthermore, the driving electrode 19 is used in common in the display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion 30 .
- a circuit configuration of the pixel portion 10 and configurations of peripheral circuits (the scanning line and power line driving circuit 31 and the signal line driving circuit 32 ) thereof, the control unit 70 , the display switching and sensor driving circuit 72 , and the detection circuit 73 are substantially the same as the first embodiment.
- a barrier parallax (liquid crystal barrier portion 20 C) using a liquid crystal as the display switching function portion is provided.
- Configurations other than the liquid crystal barrier portion 20 C are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal barrier portion 20 C performs an image display based on light emitted from the pixel portion 10 by shielding a selective area (changes an emission area of a light beam) in response to a driving voltage, and has a function of displaying an image at that point of time as a 3D image or a 2D image.
- the liquid crystal barrier 20 C has a configuration in which a liquid crystal layer 28 is sealed between the driving electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16 .
- a transmission area D 1 corresponding an inter-electrode area transmits light at all times
- a transmission ratio may vary in each area (opening and closing area D 2 ) opposite to an electrode portion.
- a polarization plate 29 which allows selective polarized light to be incident to the liquid crystal layer 28 is provided to between the third substrate 15 and the adhesion layer 14 .
- liquid crystal barrier portion 20 C similarly to the first embodiment, when a predetermined driving signal is supplied to the driving electrode 19 , it is also possible for the liquid crystal barrier portion 20 C to display an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion 10 in a switchable manner as the 2D image or the 3D image.
- FIGS. 20A and 20B schematically illustrate a display operation in the liquid crystal barrier portion 20 C at the time of a 3D display and a 2D display.
- FIG. 20A when the opening and closing area D 2 is made to be a closed state (interception state) by applying a predetermined driving signal to the driving electrode 19 , in the liquid crystal barrier portion 20 C, an emission direction of light emitted from the pixel portion 10 is restricted by the transmission area D 1 . Therefore, similarly to the case of the liquid crystal lens portion 20 according to the first embodiment, an image (a combined image of left and right parallax images) based on the light emitted from the pixel portion 10 is projected with being separated to left and right eyes, and is displayed (visually recognized) as a 3D image.
- an image a combined image of left and right parallax images
- FIG. 20B when the opening and closing area D 2 is made to be an opened state (transmission state) by applying a predetermined driving signal to the driving electrode 19 , light incident from the pixel portion 10 side is emitted from the liquid crystal barrier portion 20 C while an emission direction is not restricted. Therefore, an image (2D image) based on light emitted form the pixel portion 10 is displayed on the polarization plate 23 as the 2D image.
- an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion 10 may be displayed as the 3D image or the 2D image.
- the touch sensor unit 30 is provided, such that it is possible to detect whether an object comes into contact with or approaches while performing such image display. Therefore, it is possible to substantially the same effect as the first embodiment.
- the third and fourth embodiments may have a laminated structure in which the third substrate 15 is omitted, or similarly to the second modification example, the counter electrode 16 may be provided above the common electrode 13 a with the protective layer 24 interposed therebetween.
- the common electrode 13 a also serves as the counter electrode 16 and the third substrate 15 and the second substrate 13 may be omitted.
- FIG. 21 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (a display device 1 C) according to a fifth modification example.
- a driving electrode 33 for a sensor is provided on the fourth substrate 21 separately from the driving electrode 19 in a touch sensor portion 30 A. That is, the driving electrode 19 is provided on one principal face of the fourth substrate 21 and the driving electrode 33 for a sensor is provided on the other principal face in a strip-shaped pattern, respectively.
- an insulating film 34 formed of, for example, SiO or the like is provided, and therefore, a capacitative element is formed between the driving electrode 33 for a sensor and the detection electrode 22 .
- a protective film 35 is further provided on the detection electrode 22 , and the polarization plate 23 may be adhered onto the protective film 35 .
- FIG. 22 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (a display device 1 D) according to a sixth modification example.
- a driving electrode 33 A for a sensor and a detection electrode 33 B are provided in the same layer as each other in one surface side (a side opposite to the driving electrode 19 ) of the fourth substrate 21 and are covered with the insulating film 34 . That is, on the fourth substrate 21 , the driving electrode 33 A for a sensor and the detection electrode 33 B are arranged on the same surface in a predetermined pattern in a state of being insulated from each other, and therefore a capacitative element is formed between the driving electrode 33 A for a sensor and the detection electrode 33 B.
- the polarization plate 23 may be adhered onto the insulating film 34 .
- the touch sensor portion may be a so-called on-cell structure, and it is not necessarily for the driving electrode to be commonized between the liquid crystal lens portion and the touch sensor portion.
- the display device of the above-described embodiments or the like is applicable to electronic apparatuses of all fields, for example, portable terminals such as a television device, a digital camera, a note-type personal computer, and a cellular phone, video camera, or the like.
- the display device of the above-described embodiments is applicable to electronic apparatuses of all fields in which a video signal input from the outside, or a video signal generated inside is displayed as an image or a video.
- FIG. 23 illustrates an external appearance of a television device according to a first application example.
- the television device includes, for example, an image display screen portion 510 including a front panel 511 and filter glass 512 , and the image display screen portion 510 .
- the image display screen portion 510 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like.
- FIGS. 24A and 24B illustrate an external appearance of a digital camera according to a second application.
- the digital camera includes, for example, a light-emitting portion 521 for a flash, a display portion 522 , a menu switch 523 , and a shutter button 524 .
- the display portion 522 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like.
- FIG. 25 illustrates an external appearance of a note-type personal computer according to a third application example.
- the note-type personal computer includes, for example, a main body 531 , a keyboard 532 for an input operation of characters or the like, and a display portion 533 that displays an image.
- the display portion 533 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like.
- FIG. 26 illustrates an external appearance of a video camera according to a fourth application example.
- the video camera includes, for example, a main body 541 , a lens 542 that is provided at a front-side surface of the main body 541 to take a photograph of subjects, a start and stop switch 543 at the time of taking a photograph, and a display portion 544 .
- the display device 544 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like.
- FIGS. 27A to 27G illustrate an external appearance of a cellular phone according to a fifth application example.
- the cellular phone includes, for example, an upper casing 710 and a lower casing 720 connected by a connecting portion (a hinge portion) 730 , a display 740 , a sub-display 750 , a picture light 760 , and a camera 770 .
- the display 740 or the sub-display 750 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like.
- the present disclosure has been described with reference to several embodiments, modification examples, and application examples as an example, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments or the like, and various modifications may occur.
- the above-described embodiments have a structure in which the display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion are provided in this order above the pixel portion.
- a lamination sequence is not laminated thereto, and for example, the display switching function portion may be provided above the pixel portion with the touch sensor portion interposed therebetween.
- the touch sensor portion be laminated at the outermost surface from the viewpoint of a sensor sensitivity.
- the organic EL element has been exemplified as a display pixel in the pixel portion 10 , but the display pixel is not limited thereto, and for example, may be a liquid crystal display element. In the case of using the liquid crystal display element, an additional backlight may be provided to perform an image display.
- the driving electrode is used in common between the display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion as an example, but it is not limited to this laminated structure, and the driving electrode may be provided separately in each portion. However, it is preferable that the driving electrode be used in common from the viewpoint of thickness and simplicity of a device.
Abstract
A display device includes a pixel portion including a plurality of pixels; a display switching function portion that displays an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion, and is capable of switching a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image; and a sensor portion that detects whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches.
Description
- The present disclosure relates to a display device and an electronic apparatus, which have a touch sensor function.
- Recently, display devices and electronic apparatuses, which are provided with a touch sensor function allowing a user to input information with a finger, a stylus, or the like (performs an object detection operation), have increased. In addition, recently, a technology in which a 3D (three-dimensional) image display function is further provided to the display device has been suggested (refer to a Pamphlet of International Publication No. 09/069358).
- A display device disclosed in the Pamphlet of International Publication No. 09/069358 has a configuration in which a barrier parallax (or a lenticular lens) and a touch panel are sequentially laminated above a liquid crystal panel including display pixels. That is, the display device has a configuration in which modules having an image display function, a 3D display function, and a touch sensor function, respectively, overlap each other. In this display device, it is preferable that a function, which allows not only a 3D image but also a common 2D (two-dimensional) image to be displayed, be realized.
- It is desirable to provide a display device and an electronic apparatus in which an information input by a user is possible while a three-dimensional image and a two-dimensional image are displayed in a switchable manner.
- According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a display device including a pixel portion including a plurality of pixels; a display switching function portion that displays an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion, and is capable of switching a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image; and a sensor portion that detects whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches.
- According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic apparatus including the display device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- In the display device and the electronic apparatus according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the display switching function portion displays the image, which is based on the light emitted from the pixel portion including the plurality of pixels, in a switchable manner as the three-dimensional image or the two-dimensional image. In addition, the sensor portion is provided, such that it is detected whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches while the image is displayed.
- According to the display device and the electronic apparatus of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a pixel portion including a plurality of pixels, a display switching function portion that displays an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion, and is capable of switching a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image, and a sensor portion that detects whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches are provided. Therefore, an information input by a user may be possible while displaying the three-dimensional image and the two-dimensional image in a switchable manner.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram illustrating an overall configuration of the display device shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of peripheral circuits in a pixel driving unit shown inFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of a pixel portion shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a switching and sensor driving circuit and a detection circuit shown inFIG. 2 , together with a layout of a driving electrode for a sensor and a detection electrode; -
FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a detection circuit shown inFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 7 is conceptual diagram illustrating driving signal waveforms for a 3D display, a 2D display, and a sensor; -
FIGS. 8A and 8B are schematic diagrams illustrating a display operation in a liquid crystal lens portion at the time of a 3D display and a 2D display; -
FIGS. 9A and 9B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a principle of an object detecting operation, in which a finger non-contact state is illustrated; -
FIGS. 10A and 10B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a principle of an object detecting operation, in which a finger contact state is illustrated; -
FIGS. 11A and 11B are conceptual diagrams illustrating a principle of an object detecting operation, in which an example of waveforms of a driving signal for a sensor and a detection signal is illustrated; -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a first modification example; -
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a second modification example; -
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIGS. 16A and 16B are schematic diagrams illustrating a display operation in a liquid lens portion at the time of a 3D display and a 2D display; -
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a third modification example; -
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a fourth modification example; -
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIGS. 20A and 20B are schematic diagrams illustrating a display operation in a liquid crystal barrier portion at the time of a 3D display and a 2D display; -
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a fifth modification example; -
FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to a sixth modification example; -
FIG. 23 is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance of a first application example of the display devices in the respective embodiments, or the like; -
FIG. 24A is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance of a second application example, which is seen from a front side, andFIG. 24B is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance seen from a back side; -
FIG. 25 is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance of a third application example; -
FIG. 26 is a perspective diagram illustrating an external appearance of a fourth application example; and -
FIG. 27A is a front elevational view of an opened state of a fifth application example,FIG. 27B is a side elevational view thereof,FIG. 27C is an front elevational view of a closed state,FIG. 27D is a left side elevational view,FIG. 27E is a right side elevational view,FIG. 27F is a top view, andFIG. 27G is a bottom view. - Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, description will be made in the following order.
- 1. First Embodiment (Example in which Driving Electrode of Liquid Crystal Lens Portion (Display Switching Function Portion) and Driving Electrode of Sensor Portion are Commonized (Four Sheets of Glass))
- 2. First Modification Example (Example in which Three Sheets of Glass Substrates are Used)
- 3. Second Modification Example (Example in which Two Sheets of Glass Substrates are Used, and Protective Layer is Provided on Pixel Portion)
- 4. Second Embodiment (Example in which Driving Electrode of Liquid Crystal Lens Portion and Driving Electrode of Sensor Portion are Commonized, and Counter Electrode of Liquid Crystal Lens Portion and Common Electrode of Pixel Portion are Commonized)
- 5. Third Embodiment (Example in which Driving Electrode of Liquid Lens Portion (Display Switching Function Portion) and Driving Electrode of Sensor Portion are Commonized)
- 6. Third Modification Example (Another Example of Liquid Lens Portion)
- 7. Fourth Modification Example (Still Another Example of Liquid Lens Portion)
- 8. Fourth Embodiment (Example in which Driving Electrode of Liquid Crystal Barrier Portion (Display Switching Function Portion) and Driving Electrode of Sensor Portion are Commonized)
- 9. Fifth Modification Example (Example in which Touch Panel is Configured by On-Cell Structure)
- 10. Application Example (Application Example of Touch Sensor-Mounted Display Device to Electronic Apparatus)
- Configuration Example of
Display Device 1 -
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of adisplay device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. Thedisplay device 1 is, for example, an organic EL (Electroluminescence: hereinafter, referred to as an “EL”) display provided with a touch sensor function. In this embodiment, a liquidcrystal lens portion 20 as a display switching function portion and atouch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above apixel portion 10. Thepixel portion 10 includes a plurality of organic EL elements as display pixels, and thesensor portion 30 has an electrostatic capacitance type touch sensor function. All of thepixel portion 10, the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, and thetouch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. Hereinafter, configurations of thepixel portion 10, the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, and thetouch sensor portion 30 will be described. -
Pixel Portion 10 - The
pixel portion 10 is provided on afirst substrate 11 and includes a plurality of organic EL elements, for example, as pixels of R (red), G (green), and B (blue). Thefirst substrate 11 is a circuit substrate to drive thepixel portion 10, and in thefirst substrate 11, peripheral circuits that make up apixel driving unit 72 described later, and a pixel transistor, or the like are disposed. Thepixel portion 10 includes at least apixel electrode layer 11 a, anorganic EL layer 12, and acommon electrode 13 a in this order from thefirst substrate 11 side. In addition, a circuit configuration example of a pixel will be described later. - The
pixel electrode layer 11 a includes a plurality of pixel electrodes, and each of the pixel electrodes functions as an anode to inject a hole into theorganic EL layer 12. This pixel electrode is formed of, for example, a metallic material having a reflectivity, for example, an elementary substance of a metal element such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr), or an alloy thereof. In addition, the pixel electrode may be formed of a transparent conductive film of an oxide (ITO) of indium and tin, an oxide (IZO) of indium and zinc, or the like. In addition, the pixel electrode may be formed of a single-layered film of a magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) co-deposition film or a laminated film thereof. A pixel isolation film (a window film, not shown), which has an opening in correspondence with each of the pixel electrodes, is provided on thepixel electrode layer 11 a and thereby a light-emitting region is partitioned for each pixel. - The
organic EL layer 12 is a white light-emitting layer that is common to each of the pixels, and emits white light through recoupling of a hole and an electron. However, theorganic EL layer 12 is not limited to the white light-emitting layer, and light-emitting layers (a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, and a blue light-emitting layer) of respective colors may be applied for each pixel. In the case of using the white color light-emitting layer, color filters may be arranged for each pixel to take out color light of R, G, and B. Thecommon electrode 13 a is laminated over an entire surface of theorganic EL layer 12. - The
common electrode 13 a an electrode that is common for each pixel, and functions as, for example, a cathode to inject an electron into theorganic EL layer 12. Thecommon electrode 13 a is formed of a transparent conductive film of, for example, an oxide (ITO) of indium and tin, an oxide (IZO) of indium and zinc, or the like, or a single-layered film of a magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) co-deposition film or a laminated film thereof. In addition, thecommon electrode 13 a may be formed of, for example, a metallic material having a reflectivity, for example, an elementary substance of a metal element such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr), or an alloy thereof. - In addition, for example, a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer (all of these are not shown) may be provided between the
pixel electrode layer 11 a and theorganic EL layer 12, and for example, an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer (all of these are not shown) may be provided between thecommon electrode 13 a and theorganic EL layer 12. In addition, a color filter layer or a black matrix layer (not shown) may be provided on thecommon electrode 13 a. - Here, in this embodiment, as described above, the
pixel portion 10 is sealed by asecond substrate 13, and athird substrate 15 as a base material of the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 is adhered above thesecond substrate 13 with anadhesion layer 14 interposed therebetween. Thesecond substrate 13 and thethird substrate 15 are formed of, for example, a transparent substrate such as glass. - Liquid
Crystal Lens Portion 20 - The liquid
crystal lens portion 20 performs an image display by transmitting light emitted from thepixel portion 10, and has a function of displaying an image at that point of time in a switchable manner as a 3D image or a 2D image. The liquidcrystal lens portion 20 includes aliquid crystal layer 18, for example, at a position between acounter electrode 16 and a drivingelectrode 19, and serves as a variable-focal length lens that allows a focal length (refraction index) to vary (allows an emission angle of a light beam to vary) in response to an applied voltage to theliquid crystal layer 18. The switching of the 3D display and the 2D display is realized by the variation in the refraction index in response to the applied voltage.Alignment films liquid crystal layer 18 side surfaces of thecounter electrode 16 and the drivingelectrode 19, respectively. - The
counter electrode 16 is provided over an entire surface of thethird substrate 15, and is formed of, for example, a transparent conductive film of ITO, IZO, or the like. Thiscounter electrode 16 is an electrode to apply a driving voltage to theliquid crystal layer 18 together with the drivingelectrode 19, and is maintained to, for example, a fixed potential (common potential). Thecounter electrode 16 may be connected to a common potential line or the like, or may be grounded. - The
liquid crystal layer 18 is configured by, for example, a Nematic liquid crystal and has a homogeneous alignment. Thealignment films liquid crystal layer 18, and is formed of, for example, polyimide or the like. - The driving
electrode 19 is a driving electrode (a driving electrode for display switching) of the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, and also serves as a driving electrode for a sensor in thetouch sensor portion 30. The drivingelectrode 19 is formed of, for example, a transparent conductive film of ITO, IZO, or the like, and is partitioned into a plurality of electrodes having a strip shape. In other words, a plurality of slits (portions at which an electrode is not formed) are formed in the drivingelectrode 19, and an alignment state of a liquid crystal at the time of applying a voltage varies into a predetermined alignment state by these inter-electrode slits, and therefore is capable of functioning as a liquid crystal lens. -
Touch Sensor Portion 30 - In the
touch sensor portion 30, adetection electrode 22 is laminated above the drivingelectrode 19 so as to form an electrostatic capacitor (capacitative element) between thedetection electrode 22 and the drivingelectrode 19. As described above, the drivingelectrode 19 also drives thetouch sensor portion 30 together with the liquidcrystal lens portion 20. Thedetection electrode 22 is arranged above the drivingelectrode 19 with afourth substrate 21 interposed therebetween, and is formed of, for example, a transparent conductive film of ITO, IZO, or the like, and is partitioned into a plurality of electrodes having a strip shape, similarly to the drivingelectrode 19. These drivingelectrode 19 and thedetection electrode 22 are disposed in such a manner that respective strip-shaped electrode intersect each other (details thereof will be described later). - In addition, the liquid
crystal lens portion 20 and thetouch sensor portion 30, which use the drivingelectrode 19 in common, may be manufactured as described below. That is, for example, thedetection electrode 22 and the drivingelectrode 19 are formed on a front surface and a rear surface of thefourth substrate 21, respectively, with a predetermined pattern described later, and thealignment film 17 b is formed on a surface of the drivingelectrode 19. On the other hand, for example, a spacer or the like may be provided above thethird substrate 15 having thecounter electrode 16 and thealignment film 17 a on a surface thereof, theliquid crystal layer 18 may be dropped, and then a drivingelectrode 19 side surface of thefourth substrate 21 may be adhered to thethird substrate 15 to seal theliquid crystal layer 18. In this embodiment, a laminated body of the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 and thetouch sensor portion 30, which is manufactured in this manner, may be adhered on thesecond substrate 13 that sealing thepixel portion 10 with theadhesion layer 14 interposed therebetween. - The
fourth substrate 21 is formed by a transparent insulating substrate such as glass similarly to thesecond substrate 13 and thethird substrate 15. Here, thefourth substrate 21 as a dielectric material is interposed between the drivingelectrode 19 and thedetection electrode 22, such that a capacitative element is formed between the drivingelectrode 19 and thedetection electrode 22. Apolarization plate 23 may be adhered above thefourth substrate 21. Here, two kinds of polarized light are included in the light emitted from thepixel portion 10. One polarized light of the two kinds of polarized light is affected by a birefringence effect in the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, but the other polarized light is emitted without being affected by the effect. Therefore, the polarized light, which is not affected by the birefringence effect in the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, is removed by thepolarization plate 23. - In this manner, in this embodiment, the liquid
crystal lens portion 20 and thetouch sensor portion 30 are laminated above thepixel portion 10, and four sheets of substrates in total including thefirst substrate 11, thesecond substrate 13, thethird substrate 15, and thefourth substrate 21 are used. Here, thefirst substrate 11 and thesecond substrate 13 function as a driving substrate and a sealing substrate of thepixel portion 10, respectively, and thethird substrate 15 functions as a lower substrate (counter substrate) of the liquidcrystal lens portion 20. Thefourth substrate 21 functions as a sealing substrate of the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 and as a dielectric material in thetouch sensor portion 30. - Overall Configuration
-
FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram schematically illustrating an overall configuration of thedisplay device 1 including thepixel portion 10, the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, and thetouch sensor portion 30. In this manner, thedisplay device 1 includes acontrol unit 70, thepixel portion 10, the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, and thetouch sensor portion 30, and apixel driving unit 71 to drive these portions, a display switching andsensor driving circuit 72, and adetection circuit 73. - The
control unit 70 is a circuit that supplies a control signal with respect to thepixel driving unit 71, the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72, and thedetection circuit 73, respectively, based on a video signal Vdisp supplied from an outside, and that controls in such a manner that these operate at a predetermined timing. Specifically, thecontrol unit 70 supplies a video signal S based on the video signal Vdisp with respect to thepixel driving unit 71, and controls the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 to supply a predetermined driving signal with respect to the liquidcrystal lens portion 20. -
Pixel Driving Unit 71 - The
pixel driving unit 71 drives thepixel portion 10 based on the video signal S supplied from thecontrol unit 70. Thepixel driving unit 71 includes, for example, a video signal processing circuit that performs a predetermined correction process with respect to the video signal S, a timing generating circuit that controls each timing of a display operation and a sensor operation (all of these are not shown), and various drivers. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration example of peripheral circuits (drivers) of thepixel portion 10. In aneffective display area 100, a plurality of pixels (PXLs) are two-dimensionally disposed in a matrix state, and a scanning line and powerline driving circuit 31, and a signalline driving circuit 32 are arranged at the periphery of theeffective display area 100. Each pixel (PXL) is connected to a scanning line WSL, a power line DSL, and a signal line DTL. - The scanning line and power
line driving circuit 31 includes a scanning line driving circuit and a power line driving circuit (not shown). The scanning line driving circuit sequentially applies a selection pulse with respect to the plurality of scanning lines WSLs at a predetermined timing to sequentially select each pixel. Specifically, the scanning line driving circuit time-divisionally switches and outputs a voltage Von1 to set a writing transistor Tr1 described later in an on-state, and a voltage Voff1 to set the writing transistor Tr1 in an off-state. The power line driving circuit sequentially applies a control pulse with respect to a plurality of power lines DSLs at a predetermined timing to perform a control of a light-emitting operation and a light-quenching operation of each pixel. Specifically, the power line driving circuit time-divisionally switches and outputs a voltage VH1 that allows a current Ids to flow to a driving transistor Tr2 described later and a voltage VL1 that prevents the current Ids from flowing thereto. - The signal
line driving circuit 32 generates an analog video signal corresponding to the video signal S input from the outside at a predetermined timing, and applies it to each signal line DTL. In this manner, the writing of the video signal is performed with respect to a pixel selected by the scanning line driving circuit. - Configuration Example of Pixel Circuit
-
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a circuit configuration of the pixel (PXL). Thepixel portion 10 includes an organic EL element (OLED), the writing (for sampling) transistor Tr1, the driving transistor Tr2, a holding capacitative element Cs. The writing transistor Tr1 and the driving transistor Tr2 are, for example, n-channel MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) type TFT, respectively. A kind of the TFT is not particularly limited, and for example, may be a reversely staggered structure (so-called a bottom gate type), or a staggered structure (so-called a top gate type). - In each pixel, a gate of the writing transistor Tr1 is connected to the scanning line WSL, a drain there of is connected to the signal line DTL, and a source thereof is connected to a gate of the driving transistor Tr2 and one end of the holding capacitative element Cs. A drain of the driving transistor Tr2 is connected to the power line DSL, and a source thereof is connected to the other end of the holding capacitative element Cs and an anode of the organic EL element (OLED). A cathode of the organic EL element (OLED) is set to a fixed potential, and is set to a ground (ground potential).
- Display Switching and
Sensor Driving Circuit 72 - The display switching and
sensor driving circuit 72 applies a predetermined driving signal to the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 and thetouch sensor portion 30 based on a control signal supplied from thecontrol unit 70. In this embodiment, as described above, the drivingelectrode 19 is common to the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 and thetouch sensor portion 30, but a driving signal (a driving signal Vd described later) for the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, and a driving signal (a driving signal Vs described later) for thetouch sensor portion 30 are separately set. That is, the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 applies signals of AC rectangular waveforms different from each other with respect to the drivingelectrode 19 at timings different from each other. -
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an example of the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 and thedetection circuit 73, together with a layout of the drivingelectrode 19 and thedetection electrode 22. In addition, the layout of the layout of the drivingelectrode 19 and thedetection electrode 22 is a layout seen from thedetection electrode 22 side. - Example of Electrode Layout
- The driving
electrode 19 includes, for example, a plurality (n) of stripe-shaped driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n) that extend in one direction. In these driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n), m (m is an integer of 2 to n) pieces of drivingelectrodes 19 may be electrically connected to each other, or all of the n pieces of drivingelectrodes 19 may be provided to be electrically isolated from each other. In the former case, m pieces of drivingelectrodes 19 have a shape (a comb-like shape) in which respective end portions thereof are connected to each other, and a driving signal may be applied in a state in which m pieces of connected drivingelectrode 19 are set as one set (unit driving line). - On the other hand, the
detection electrode 22 includes a plurality of (p) strip-shaped detection electrodes 22(1) to 22(p) that extend in a direction intersecting (hereinafter, referred to as “orthogonal to”) the plurality of driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n). In regard to these detection electrodes 22(1) to 22(p), q pieces (q is an integer of 2 to p) ofdetection electrodes 22 may be electrically connected to each other, or all of the p pieces ofdetection electrodes 22 may be provided to be electrically isolated from each other. In the former case, q pieces ofdetection electrodes 22 have a shape (a comb-like shape) in which respective end portions thereof are connected to each other), and a detection signal may be acquired in a state in which q pieces ofdetection electrodes 22 are set as a unit detection line. In the latter case, a detection signal is acquired for each of thedetection electrodes 22. - Due to the layout of the
detection electrodes 22 and the drivingelectrodes 19, a dielectric material layer (here, the fourth substrate 21) is interposed between thedetection electrodes 22 and the drivingelectrodes 19 at each intersecting portion thereof in the vertical direction. That is, at each intersecting portion of thedetection electrodes 22 and the drivingelectrodes 19, a capacitative element is formed therebetween. - In addition, the plurality of
detection electrodes 22 and the drivingelectrodes 19 are provided to intersect each other, such that the intersecting portions are two-dimensionally formed in a matrix state, and are capable of detecting a position of an object with two-dimensional coordinates. Furthermore, detection on whether touch (so-called multi-touch) by plural persons or by plural fingers is present may be realized. - Display Switching and
Sensor Driving Circuit 72 - The display switching and
sensor driving circuit 72 supplies a driving signal Vs with respect to the above-described driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n), for example, in a line sequential manner (the above-described one or m pieces of drivingelectrodes 19 are set as a unit driving line). The display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 includes, for example, ashift register 721, aselection unit 722, alevel shifter 723, and abuffer 724. - The
shift register 721 is a logic circuit that sequentially transmits an input pulse. Theselection unit 722 is a logic circuit that controls whether or not the driving signals (Vd and Vs) are to be output with respect to eachdisplay pixel 20 within theeffective display area 100, and controls the output of the driving signals (Vd and Vs) in response to a position within theeffective display area 100, or the like. Thelevel shifter 723 is a circuit that shifts a control signal supplied from theselection unit 722 to a potential level that is sufficient to control the driving signals (Vd and Vs). Thebuffer 724 is a final output logic circuit to sequentially supply the driving signal Vs to each line, and includes an output buffer circuit, a switch circuit, or the like. - When the driving signal Vs is applied to the driving
electrode 19 from the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72, a detection signal (Vdet) based on an electrostatic capacitance may be obtained from thedetection electrode 22, such that the obtained detection signal is transmitted to thedetection circuit 73. -
Detection Circuit 73 -
FIG. 6 shows a functional block configuration of thedetection circuit 73 that performs an object detection operation and atiming control unit 74 as a timing generator. In addition, capacitative elements Cn1 to Cnp correspond to the electrostatic (electrostatic) capacitative elements that are formed at respective intersecting portions of the driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n) and the detection electrodes 22(1) to 22(p). Each of the capacitative elements Cn1 to Cnp is connected to a driving signal source S that supplies the driving signal Vs. - The detection circuit 73 (voltage detector DET) includes, for example, an
amplification unit 81, an A/D (analog/digital) convertingunit 83, asignal processing unit 84, aframe memory 86, a coordinate extractingunit 85, and a resistor R. An input terminal Tin of thedetection circuit 73 is connected in common to the other end side (detection electrode 22 side) of each of the capacitative elements Cn1 to Cnp. - The
amplification unit 81 amplifies the detection signal Vdet input from the input terminal Tin, and includes an effective amplifier for signal amplification, a capacitor, or the like. The resistor R is disposed between theamplification unit 81 and a ground. The resistor R allows thedetection electrode 22 to be a stable state by preventing it from being a floating state. Therefore, in regard to thedetection circuit 73, there is an advantage in that it is possible to prevent a signal value of the detection signal Vdet from unstably varying and it is possible to let a static electricity be escaped to a ground through the resistor R. - The A/
D converting unit 83 converts the analog detection signal Vdet that is amplified in theamplification unit 81 to a digital detection signal, and includes a comparator (not shown). The comparator compares potentials between the detection signal that is input and a predetermined threshold value voltage Vth. In addition, a sampling timing at the time of A/D converting in the A/D converting unit 83 is controlled by a timing control signal CTL2 that is supplied from thetiming control unit 74. - The
signal processing unit 84 performs a predetermined process (for example, a signal processing such as a digital noise removing process, and a process of converting frequency information to position information) with respect to the digital detection signal output from the A/D converting unit 83. - The coordinate extracting
unit 85 obtains information on whether or not an object is present or a position (coordinates) of the object based on the detection signal output from thesignal processing unit 84, and output this from an output terminal Tout as a detection result (detection signal Dout). - In addition, the
detection circuit 73 may be formed on thefourth substrate 21, or may be formed at the periphery of the display region on thefirst substrate 11. However, when thedetection circuit 73 is formed on thefirst substrate 11, integration with a pixel driving driver that is originally formed on thefirst substrate 11 is obtained, such that it is preferable from the viewpoint of simplicity due to the integration. - Operation Effect of
Display Device 1 - Pixel Driving Operation
- First, a pixel driving operation in the
display device 1 will be described with reference toFIGS. 1 to 3 . In thedisplay device 1, when the video signal S is input to thepixel driving unit 71 from thecontrol unit 70, the scanning line and powerline driving circuit 31 and the signalline driving circuit 32 display-drives each pixel (PXL) in theeffective display region 100. In this manner, a driving current flows to the organic EL element (OLED) in each pixel, and in theorganic EL layer 12, a hole and an electron are recoupled and thereby white light-emission occurs. Light emitted from thepixel portion 10 is input to the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 after being sequentially transmitted through thesecond substrate 13, theadhesion layer 14, and thethird substrate 15. - At this time, in the case of displaying a 3D image, the
control unit 70 performs a control in order for the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 described later to perform a 3D display operation (specifically, applies a driving signal Vd1 to the driving electrode 19), and a video signal corresponding to an image in which for example, left and right parallax images are combined is supplied with respect to thepixel driving unit 71 as a video signal S. On the other hand, in the case of displaying a 2D image, thecontrol unit 70 performs a control in order for the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 described later to perform a 2D display operation (specifically, applies a driving signal Vd2 to the driving electrode 19), and supplies a video signal corresponding to a common 2D image with respect to thepixel driving unit 71 as the video signal S. - Three-Dimensional Image Display Operation and Two-Dimensional Image Display Operation
- Through the above-described process, light incident to the liquid
crystal lens portion 20 is transmitted through the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 and is displayed as an image. At this time, in the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, a voltage is supplied to theliquid crystal layer 18 through the drivingelectrode 19 and thecounter electrode 16, in response to the driving signal (Vd) applied to the drivingelectrode 19. In this manner, an alignment state varies in theliquid crystal layer 13, and an image based on the incident light is displayed as a 3D image or a 2D image. Hereinafter, such an image display operation will be described in detail. -
FIG. 7 illustrates an AC rectangular waveform in the driving signal for a 3D display and a 2D display, together with a waveform for a sensor. The display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 applies a predetermined driving signal corresponding to the drivingelectrode 19 based on a control instruction from thecontrol unit 70. Specifically, in the case of performing the 3D image display, as shown inFIG. 7(A) , the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 applies the driving signal Vd1 in which a polarity thereof is inverted in a cycle of one frame period, for example, in the AC rectangular waveform. At this time, the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 applies the same driving signal Vd1 with respect to all of the plurality of driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n) making up the drivingelectrode 19 at the same timing. - On the other hand, in the case of performing the 2D image display, as shown in
FIG. 7(B) , the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 applies the driving signal Vd2 in which a polarity thereof is inverted in a cycle of one frame period, for example, in the AC rectangular waveform, and which is different from the driving signal Vd1 (here, Vd1>Vd2). At this time, as is the case of the 3D display, the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 applies the same driving signal Vd2 with respect to all of the plurality of driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n) making up the drivingelectrode 19 at the same timing. In addition, the AC rectangular waveform of these driving signals Vd1 and Vd2, or the magnitude relationship thereof may be appropriately set in correspondence with characteristics of liquid crystal used in theliquid crystal layer 18, the thickness of theliquid crystal layer 18, a scale of an inter-electrode slit in the drivingelectrode 19, or the like. -
FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a variation (specifically, a variation in an alignment state of a liquid crystal molecular) in a refraction index of the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 in the case of the 3D display and in the case of the 2D display as described above, respectively. As shown inFIG. 8A , when the driving signal Vd1 is applied to the drivingelectrode 19, light incident from thepixel portion 10 side is refracted during being transmitted through theliquid crystal layer 18 and is emitted in a plurality of angle directions different from each other. In this manner, an image (a combined image of left and right parallax images) based on the light emitted from thepixel portion 10 is projected with being separated to left and right eyes by the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 and is displayed (visually recognized) as a 3D image. - On the other hand, as shown in
FIG. 8B , in a case where the driving signal Vd2 is applied to the drivingelectrode 19, the light incident from thepixel portion 10 side is emitted from the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 without being refracted in theliquid crystal layer 18. In this manner, an image (2D image) based on the light emitted from thepixel portion 10 is displayed as a 2D image on thepolarization plate 23. - Object Detection Operation
- Together with this image display operation, in the
display device 1, thetouch sensor portion 30 operates to detect whether or not an object (a finger, a stylus, or the like) comes into contact with or approaches thepolarization plate 23. Specifically, the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 supplies the driving signal Vs for a sensor together with the driving signal Vd1 (or Vd2) for the above-described 3D display (or 2D display) with respect to the driving electrode 19 (the driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n)). At this time, the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72 applies the driving signal Vs with respect to the driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n), for example, in a line-sequential manner. In addition, as shown inFIG. 7 , the driving signal Vs is applied within a very short period compared to the application period of the driving signals Vd1 and Vd2. In this manner, the detection of the object is realized practically without having an effect on the image display operation in the liquid crystal lens portion 20 (without making theliquid crystal layer 18 response in a degree of causing an effect in the display). In addition, the driving signal Vs may be applied in a blanking period of the driving signal Vd1 (or Vd2). When the driving signal Vs is applied to the drivingelectrode 19, the object detection operation is realized as described below. -
FIGS. 9A to 11B show schematic diagrams illustrating a principle of the object detection operation. As shown inFIG. 9A , a capacitative element C1 is formed by the drivingelectrode 19 and thedetection electrode 22 that are disposed to be opposite to each other with a dielectric material D (corresponding to the fourth substrate 21) disposed therebetween, but this structure is expressed as an equivalent circuit shown inFIG. 9B . In the capacitative element C1, one end thereof is connected to an AC signal source S (a driving signal source), and the other end P is grounded through a resistor R, and is connected to a voltage detector (detection circuit) DET. When an AC rectangular wave Sg (FIG. 11B ) with a predetermined frequency (for example, substantially several kHz to several tens kHz) is applied to the driving electrode 19 (one end of the capacitative element C1) from the AC signal source S, an output waveform (a detection signal Vdet) shown inFIG. 11A occurs at the detection electrode 22 (the other end P of the capacitative element C1). In addition, the AC rectangular waveform Sg corresponds to the driving signal Vs in this embodiment. - In a state in which the finger does not come into contact with (or approach), as shown in
FIG. 9B , accompanying charging and discharging of the capacitative element C1, a current 10 corresponding to a capacitance value of the capacitative element C1 flows. A potential waveform at the other end P of the capacitative element C1 at this time becomes, for example, like a waveform V0FIG. 11A , and is detected by the voltage detector DET. - On the other hand, in a state in which the finger comes into contact with (approaches), as shown in
FIG. 10B , it becomes an equivalent to a state in which a capacitative element C2, which is formed by an object (for example, a finger), is serially added to the capacitative element C1. At this state, accompanying charging and discharging with respect to the capacitative elements C1 and C2, each of currents I1 and I2 flows. A potential waveform at the other end P of the capacitative element C1 at this time becomes, for example, like a waveform V1FIG. 11A , and is detected by the voltage detector DET. At this time, a potential at a point P becomes a divided voltage potential determined depending on values of the current I1 and I2 that flow through the capacitative elements C1 and C2. Therefore, the waveform V1 becomes a value smaller than that of the waveform V0 in the non-contact state. The detection of an object that comes into contact with or approaches is realized through a detection of a variance in the waveforms (a variance in a voltage value). - In this embodiment, as described above, at each of the intersecting portions of the n pieces of driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n) and the p pieces of detection electrodes 22(1) to 22(p), the capacitative element C1 is formed. Here, as shown in
FIG. 7 , when the driving signal Vs is applied in a line sequential manner with respect to the driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n), the following operation occurs. That is, charging and discharging is performed with respect to each of Cn1 to Cnp formed at intersecting portions of one drivingelectrode 19 to which the driving signal Vs is applied at an arbitrary timing, and the plurality of (here, p) detection electrodes 22(1) to 22(p). As a result thereof, the detection signal Vdet having a magnitude corresponding to a capacitance value of the capacitative element C1 is output from each of the detection electrodes 22(1) to 22(p). In addition, accompanying the scanning of the driving signal Vs, a column of the capacitative element C1, which becomes a target to be charged and discharged, is sequentially moved. - In a state in which the scanning of the driving signal Vs is performing, in a case where user's finger or the like is not present at a surface side of the
polarization plate 23, the magnitude of the detection signal Vdet becomes substantially constant. - On the other hand, when the user's finger comes into contact with (approaches) the surface of the
polarization plate 23, the capacitative element C2 due to the finger is added to the capacitative element C1 that is originally formed at the contact place. As a result thereof, a value of the detection signal Vdet at the point of time when the contact place is scanned (that is, at the point of time when the driving signal Vs is applied to the drivingelectrode 19 corresponding to the touch place among the driving electrodes 19(1) to 19(n)) becomes smaller than that of other places. In this manner, the detection signal Vdet, which may be obtained through thedetection electrode 22, is output to thedetection circuit 73. - The
detection circuit 73 compares the detection signal Vdet obtained as described above and a predetermined threshold value voltage Vth, and determines as a non-contact state (not-approaching state) when the detection signal Vdet is equal to or larger than the threshold value voltage Vth, and determines as a contact state (approaching state) when the detection signal Vdet is less than the threshold value voltage Vth. In this manner, the object detection operation is performed. In addition, the contact place (position coordinates) of the object may be calculated from an application timing of the driving signal Vs, and a detection timing of the detection signal Vdet that is less than the threshold value voltage Vth. - As described above, in this embodiment, since the above-described liquid
crystal lens portion 20 and thetouch sensor unit 30 are provided above thepixel portion 10, it is possible to display an image based on light emitted from thepixel portion 10 as a 3D image or a 2D image. In addition, it is possible to detect whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches while performing the image display. Therefore, information may be input by a user while displaying the 3D image and the 2D image in a switchable manner. - In addition, in regard to the
touch sensor unit 30 and the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, since the drivingelectrode 19 is used in common (the driving electrode for a sensor also serves as the driving electrode for display switching), it is preferable for a small thickness compared to a case in which the driving electrode for a sensor is provided separately from the driving electrode for display switching. - Next, modification examples (a first modification example and a second modification example) of the display device according to the first embodiment will be described. Hereinafter, like reference numerals will be given to like parts having substantially the same functions as those of the
display device 1 of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be appropriately omitted. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 1A) according to a first modification example. Thedisplay device 1A is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to thedisplay device 1 according to the first embodiment, and the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 as the display switching function portion and thetouch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above thepixel portion 10. In addition, all of thepixel portion 10, the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, and thetouch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. - However, this modification example has a laminated structure in which the liquid
crystal lens portion 20 is formed on thesecond substrate 13, and specifically, thecounter electrode 16 is formed directly on thesecond substrate 13. That is, in thedisplay device 1 according to the first embodiment, the laminated body in which the liquid crystal lens portion 20 (and the touch sensor unit 30) is sealed between thethird substrate 15 and thefourth substrate 21 is provided above thesecond substrate 13 with theadhesion layer 14 interposed therebetween, but this modification example has a structure in which thethird substrate 15 and theadhesion layer 14 are omitted. In this manner, the number of sheets of substrates is totally three sheets including thefirst substrate 11, thesecond substrate 13, and thefourth sheet 21. - In addition, in this case, after the
counter electrode 16 and thealignment film 17 a are formed above thesecond substrate 13 sealing thepixel portion 10, theliquid crystal layer 18 may be dropped on thealignment film 17 a, and theliquid crystal layer 18 may be sealed with thefourth substrate 21 having the drivingelectrode 19 as described above in the first embodiment. - In this manner, in a laminated structure in which the liquid
crystal lens portion 20 and thetouch sensor unit 30 are provided above thepixel portion 10, thesecond substrate 13 sealing thepixel portion 10 may be used as a lower substrate (in the first embodiment, the third substrate 13) of the liquidcrystal lens portion 20. Due to this, the same effect as the first embodiment may be obtained, and the number of parts is reduced and thereby it is easy to realize a relatively small thickness. -
FIG. 13 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 1B) according to a second modification example. Thedisplay device 1B an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to thedisplay device 1 according to the first embodiment, and the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 as the display switching function portion and thetouch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above thepixel portion 10. In addition, all of thepixel portion 10, the liquidcrystal lens portion 20, and thetouch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. Furthermore, the second modification example has a laminated structure in which thethird substrate 15 is omitted similarly to the first modification example. - However, this modification example has a laminated structure in which the
second substrate 13 is also omitted in addition to thethird substrate 15 and the number of sheets of substrates is totally two sheets including thefirst substrate 11 and thefourth substrate 21. Specifically, a protective layer 24 is formed on thepixel portion 10, and thecounter electrode 16 is formed directly on the protective layer 24. The protective layer 24 is formed of, for example, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxide film, or the like, and seals and protects thepixel portion 10. - In this manner, in regard to the laminated structure in which the liquid
crystal lens portion 20 and thetouch sensor unit 30 are provided above thepixel portion 10, thesecond substrate 13 sealing thepixel portion 10 may be omitted, and in this case, the protective layer 24 may be provided to protect thepixel portion 10. Due to this, substantially the same effect as the first embodiment may be obtained, and the number of sheets of substrates may be reduced. - Next, a display device (a display device 2) according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. Like reference numerals will be given to like parts having substantially the same functions as those of the
display device 1 of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be appropriately omitted. -
FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of thedisplay device 2. Thedisplay device 2 is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to thedisplay device 1 according to the first embodiment, and the liquid crystal lens portion (liquidcrystal lens portion 20A) as the display switching function portion and thetouch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above thepixel portion 10. In addition, all of thepixel portion 10, the liquidcrystal lens portion 20A, and thetouch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. In addition, a circuit configuration of thepixel portion 10 and configurations of peripheral circuits (the scanning line and powerline driving circuit 31 and the signal line driving circuit 32) thereof, thecontrol unit 70, the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72, and thedetection circuit 73 are substantially same as the first embodiment. - However, in this embodiment, the
common electrode 13 a in thepixel portion 10 also serves as a counter electrode (corresponds to thecounter electrode 16 in the first embodiment) in the liquidcrystal lens portion 20A. In other words, one electrode, which is maintained to a fixed potential (or grounded), is used in common in thepixel portion 10 and the liquidcrystal lens portion 20A. - Specifically, in the liquid
crystal lens portion 20A, thealignment film 17 a is formed on acommon electrode 13 a, and theliquid crystal layer 18 is provided on thisalignment film 17 a. In this manner, thesecond substrate 13 and thethird substrate 15 become unnecessary, and therefore the number of sheets of substrates becomes totally two sheets in the display device. Similarly to the first embodiment, theliquid crystal layer 18 is sealed by thefourth substrate 21 on which the drivingelectrode 19 is arranged. Similarly to the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 of the first embodiment, the liquidcrystal lens portion 20A is a variable-focal length lens that allows a focal length to vary in response to a driving voltage. The liquidcrystal lens portion 20A performs an image display based on light emitted from thepixel portion 10, and has a function of displaying an image at that point of time as a 3D image or a 2D image. - In this embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the liquid
crystal lens portion 20A and thetouch sensor unit 30 are provided above thepixel portion 10, and it is possible to display the image based on the light emitted from thepixel portion 10 as the 3D image or the 2D image. In addition, it is possible to detect whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches while displaying the image. Therefore, it is possible to obtain substantially the same effect as the first embodiment. In addition, the drivingelectrode 19 is used in common in the liquidcrystal lens portion 20A and thetouch sensor unit 30, and thecommon electrode 13 a is used in common in thepixel portion 10 and the liquidcrystal lens portion 20A, such that it is possible to reduce the number of substrates, the number of electrode layers and interconnections. As a result, it becomes easy to realize a simple configuration with a small thickness. - In addition, in the second embodiment, description has been made with respect to a case where the driving
electrode 19 and thecommon electrode 13 a are used in common, respectively, but it may be configured in such a manner that driving electrodes are separately provided in the liquidcrystal lens portion 20A and thetouch sensor unit 30, and only thecommon electrode 13 a is used in common in thepixel portion 10 and the liquidcrystal lens portion 20A. - Next, a display device (a display device 3) according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. Like reference numerals will be given to like parts having substantially the same functions as those of the
display device 1 of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be appropriately omitted. -
FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of thedisplay device 3. Thedisplay device 3 is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to thedisplay device 1 according to the first embodiment, the display switching function portion that is capable of switching the 3D display and the 2D display and thetouch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above thepixel portion 10. All of thepixel portion 10, the display switching function portion, and thetouch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. Furthermore, the drivingelectrode 19 is used in common in the display switching function portion and thetouch sensor portion 30. In addition, a circuit configuration of thepixel portion 10 and configurations of peripheral circuits (the scanning line and powerline driving circuit 31 and the signal line driving circuit 32) thereof, thecontrol unit 70, the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72, and thedetection circuit 73 are substantially the same as the first embodiment. - However, in this embodiment, a liquid lens portion (
liquid lens portion 20B) as the display switching function portion is provided. Configurations other than theliquid lens portion 20B are the same as those of the first embodiment. - Similarly to the liquid
crystal lens portion 20 according to the first embodiment, theliquid lens portion 20B is a variable-focal length lens that allows a focal length to vary in response to a driving voltage. Theliquid lens portion 20B performs an image display based on light emitted from thepixel portion 10, and has a function of displaying an image at that point of time as a 3D image or a 2D image. However, in theliquid lens portion 20B, two liquid layers in which polarity is different in each case (apolar liquid layer 25A and anonpolar liquid layer 25B) are provided between the drivingelectrode 19 having electrode slits (divided into a plurality strip-shaped patterns) and thecounter electrode 16. In addition, a surface of the drivingelectrode 19 is covered with an insulatingfilm 26, and an area on the insulatingfilm 26 is partitioned by, for example,partitions 26 a in which a surface shape along a substrate surface is a lattice shape or a strip shape. In each area partitioned by thepartitions 26 a, thenonpolar liquid layer 25B is maintained, and thepolar liquid layer 25A is present over acounter electrode 16 side entire surface of thenonpolar liquid layer 25B. - In this embodiment in which the
liquid lens portion 20B is provided, similarly to the first embodiment, when a predetermined driving signal is supplied to the drivingelectrode 19, a predetermined voltage is applied between the drivingelectrode 19 and thecounter electrode 16, and in theliquid lens portion 20B, it is also possible to display an image based on light emitted from thepixel portion 10 in a switchable manner as the 2D image or the 3D image. -
FIGS. 16A and 16B schematically illustrate a display operation, or optical paths changed by theliquid lens portion 20B at the time of the 3D display and the 2D display. As shown inFIG. 16A , when a voltage corresponding to the driving signal Vd3 for the 3D display is applied between the drivingelectrode 19 and thecounter electrode 16, in theliquid lens portion 20B, an interface (interface S1) of thepolar liquid layer 25A and thenonpolar liquid layer 25B becomes a concave shape. Therefore, light incident from thepixel portion 10 side is refracted on the interface S1 and is emitted from theliquid lens portion 20B. Therefore, similarly to the case of the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 according to the first embodiment, an image (a combined image of left and right parallax images) based on the light emitted from thepixel portion 10 is projected with being separated to left and right eyes, and is displayed (visually recognized) as a 3D image. - On the other hand, as shown in
FIG. 16B , in a case where a voltage corresponding to a driving signal Vd4 (for example, Vd3>>Vd4) for a 2D display is applied between the drivingelectrode 19 and thecounter electrode 16, an interface (interface S2) between thepolar liquid layer 25A and thenonpolar liquid layer 25B becomes a substantially plane shape. Therefore, light incident from thepixel portion 10 side is emitted from theliquid lens portion 20B without being refracted on the interface S2. As a result, an image (a 2D image) based on the light emitted from thepixel portion 10 is displayed on theplanarization plate 23 as the 2D image. - In this embodiment in which the display switching operation is performed by using the
liquid lens portion 20B, similarly to the first embodiment, the image based on the light emitted from thepixel portion 10 may be displayed as the 3D image or the 2D image. In addition, sincetouch sensor portion 30 is provided, it is possible to detect whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches while performing the image display. Therefore, it is possible to obtain substantially the same effect as the first embodiment. - Next, modification examples (a third modification example and a fourth modification example) of the display device according to the third embodiment will be described. Hereinafter, like reference numerals will be given to like parts having substantially the same functions as those of the
display device 3 of the third embodiment, and description thereof will be appropriately omitted. -
FIG. 17 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (adisplay device 3A) according to the third modification example. Thedisplay device 3A is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to thedisplay device 3 according to the third embodiment, a liquid lens portion 20B1 as a display switching function portion and thetouch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above thepixel portion 10. All of thepixel portion 10, the liquid lens portion 20B1, and thetouch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. Furthermore, a drivingelectrode 19A is used in common in the liquid lens portion 20B1 and thetouch sensor portion 30. In the liquid lens portion 20B1, similarly to the third embodiment, thepolar liquid layer 25A and thenonpolar liquid layer 25B are maintained between a pair of electrodes to allow a refraction index to vary by a voltage supply. - However, in this modification example, differently from the third embodiment, the driving
electrode 19A, which is provided in a strip-shaped pattern at one surface side of thefourth substrate 21, is formed to cover a surface of eachpartition 26 a, and is formed with a strip-shaped pattern in overall. Thenonpolar liquid layer 25B is maintained on thefourth substrate 21 in each area partitioned by the drivingelectrode 19A and thepartition 26 a. - In this modification example, similarly to the third embodiment, when a voltage corresponding to a driving signal for the 3D display is applied between the driving
electrode 19A and thecounter electrode 16, a shape of an interface between thepolar liquid layer 25A and thenonpolar liquid layer 25B varies (an interface S1; indicated by one dotted-line inFIG. 17 ), and thereby image light that is incident thereto is refracted and the 3D image display is performed. On the other hand, when a voltage corresponding to a driving signal for the 2D display is applied, at an interface (interface S2; indicated by a solid line inFIG. 17 ) between thepolar liquid layer 25A and thenonpolar liquid layer 25B, the incident image light is transmitted through the interface S2 without being refracted, and thereby the 2D display is performed. As a result, in the configuration like this modification example, it is also possible to substantially the same effect as the third embodiment. - In addition, in the third modification example, description has been made with respect to a case in which the driving
electrode 19A is formed to cover the surface of thepartition 26 a as an example, but thepartition 26 a may not be provided, and an area may be partitioned by patterning the driving electrode 19 (by adjusting a height and a pitch of the driving electrode 19) so as to maintain thenonpolar liquid layer 25B in each partitioned area. -
FIG. 18 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (adisplay device 3B) according to the fourth modification example. A configuration of thedisplay device 3B is not limited to the configurations of thedisplay devices - Similarly to the
third embodiment 3 and the third modification example, thedisplay device 3B uses a liquid lens portion 20B2 as a display switching function portion, which includes thepolar liquid layer 25A and thenonpolar liquid layer 25B between the drivingelectrode 19 and thecounter electrode 16. However, in thedisplay device 3B, differently from the third embodiment, the drivingelectrode 19 partitions an area maintaining thenonpolar liquid layer 26 b, and a surface of the drivingelectrode 19 is covered with an insulatingfilm 26 b. In other words, thenonpolar liquid layer 25B is provided at each area partitioned by the drivingelectrode 19 with the insulatingfilm 26 b interposed between the drivingelectrode 19 and thenonpolar liquid layer 25B. - In this modification example, similarly to the third embodiment, when a voltage corresponding to a driving signal for the 3D display is applied between the driving
electrode 19 and thecounter electrode 16, a shape of an interface between thepolar liquid layer 25A and thenonpolar liquid layer 25B varies (an interface S1; indicated by an one-dotted line inFIG. 18 ), and thereby image light that is incident thereto is refracted and the 3D image display is performed. On the other hand, when a voltage corresponding to a driving signal for the 2D display is applied, at an interface (interface S2; indicated by a solid line inFIG. 18 ) between thepolar liquid layer 25A and thenonpolar liquid layer 25B, the incident image light is transmitted through the interface S2 without being refracted, and thereby the 2D display is performed. As a result, it is also possible to substantially the same effect as the third embodiment. - In addition, in all of the third embodiment, and the third and fourth modification examples, description has been made with respect to a structure in which the
polarization plate 23 is provided at the outermost surface as an example, but thepolarization plate 23 is provided for the purpose of suppressing reflection of external light. Therefore, it is not necessarily to provide thepolarization plate 23 in the third embodiment and the third and fourth modification examples. - Next, a display device (a display device 4) according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. Like reference numerals will be given to like parts having substantially the same functions as those of the
display device 1 of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be appropriately omitted. -
FIG. 19 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of thedisplay device 4. Thedisplay device 4 is an organic EL display provided with a touch sensor function similarly to thedisplay device 1 according to the first embodiment, the display switching function portion that is capable of switching the 3D display and the 2D display and thetouch sensor portion 30 are provided in this order above thepixel portion 10. All of thepixel portion 10, the display switching function portion, and thetouch sensor portion 30 are made to drive through a pair of electrodes. Furthermore, the drivingelectrode 19 is used in common in the display switching function portion and thetouch sensor portion 30. In addition, a circuit configuration of thepixel portion 10 and configurations of peripheral circuits (the scanning line and powerline driving circuit 31 and the signal line driving circuit 32) thereof, thecontrol unit 70, the display switching andsensor driving circuit 72, and thedetection circuit 73 are substantially the same as the first embodiment. - However, in this embodiment, a barrier parallax (liquid
crystal barrier portion 20C) using a liquid crystal as the display switching function portion is provided. Configurations other than the liquidcrystal barrier portion 20C are the same as those of the first embodiment. - The liquid
crystal barrier portion 20C performs an image display based on light emitted from thepixel portion 10 by shielding a selective area (changes an emission area of a light beam) in response to a driving voltage, and has a function of displaying an image at that point of time as a 3D image or a 2D image. In addition, theliquid crystal barrier 20C has a configuration in which aliquid crystal layer 28 is sealed between the drivingelectrode 19 and thecounter electrode 16. - However, in the liquid
crystal barrier portion 20C, in regard to the drivingelectrode 19 divided in a strip-shaped pattern, an area (a transmission area D1) corresponding an inter-electrode area transmits light at all times, on the other hand, a transmission ratio (transmission state or interception state) may vary in each area (opening and closing area D2) opposite to an electrode portion. In addition, apolarization plate 29, which allows selective polarized light to be incident to theliquid crystal layer 28 is provided to between thethird substrate 15 and theadhesion layer 14. - In this embodiment including the liquid
crystal barrier portion 20C, similarly to the first embodiment, when a predetermined driving signal is supplied to the drivingelectrode 19, it is also possible for the liquidcrystal barrier portion 20C to display an image based on light emitted from thepixel portion 10 in a switchable manner as the 2D image or the 3D image. -
FIGS. 20A and 20B schematically illustrate a display operation in the liquidcrystal barrier portion 20C at the time of a 3D display and a 2D display. As shown inFIG. 20A , when the opening and closing area D2 is made to be a closed state (interception state) by applying a predetermined driving signal to the drivingelectrode 19, in the liquidcrystal barrier portion 20C, an emission direction of light emitted from thepixel portion 10 is restricted by the transmission area D1. Therefore, similarly to the case of the liquidcrystal lens portion 20 according to the first embodiment, an image (a combined image of left and right parallax images) based on the light emitted from thepixel portion 10 is projected with being separated to left and right eyes, and is displayed (visually recognized) as a 3D image. - On the other hand, as shown in
FIG. 20B , when the opening and closing area D2 is made to be an opened state (transmission state) by applying a predetermined driving signal to the drivingelectrode 19, light incident from thepixel portion 10 side is emitted from the liquidcrystal barrier portion 20C while an emission direction is not restricted. Therefore, an image (2D image) based on light emitted form thepixel portion 10 is displayed on thepolarization plate 23 as the 2D image. - In this embodiment in which the display switching operation is performed using the
liquid crystal barrier 20C, similarly to the first embodiment, an image based on light emitted from thepixel portion 10 may be displayed as the 3D image or the 2D image. In addition, thetouch sensor unit 30 is provided, such that it is possible to detect whether an object comes into contact with or approaches while performing such image display. Therefore, it is possible to substantially the same effect as the first embodiment. - In addition, similarly to the first modification example, the third and fourth embodiments may have a laminated structure in which the
third substrate 15 is omitted, or similarly to the second modification example, thecounter electrode 16 may be provided above thecommon electrode 13 a with the protective layer 24 interposed therebetween. In addition, similarly to the second embodiment, thecommon electrode 13 a also serves as thecounter electrode 16 and thethird substrate 15 and thesecond substrate 13 may be omitted. - In addition, in all of the above-described first to fourth embodiment, and the first to fourth modification examples, description has been made with respect to a case in which in the
touch sensor portion 30 and the display switching function portion (the liquid crystal lens portion, the liquid lens portion, and the liquid crystal barrier portion), the drivingelectrode 19 is used in common as an example, but a structure in which a driving electrode for a sensor is separately provided (so-called on-cell structure illustrating fifth and sixth modification example described later) may be possible. -
FIG. 21 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (adisplay device 1C) according to a fifth modification example. In thedisplay device 1C, a drivingelectrode 33 for a sensor is provided on thefourth substrate 21 separately from the drivingelectrode 19 in atouch sensor portion 30A. That is, the drivingelectrode 19 is provided on one principal face of thefourth substrate 21 and the drivingelectrode 33 for a sensor is provided on the other principal face in a strip-shaped pattern, respectively. On the drivingelectrode 33 for a sensor, an insulatingfilm 34 formed of, for example, SiO or the like is provided, and therefore, a capacitative element is formed between the drivingelectrode 33 for a sensor and thedetection electrode 22. In addition, aprotective film 35 is further provided on thedetection electrode 22, and thepolarization plate 23 may be adhered onto theprotective film 35. -
FIG. 22 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (adisplay device 1D) according to a sixth modification example. In thedisplay device 1D, in regard to atouch sensor portion 30B, a drivingelectrode 33A for a sensor and adetection electrode 33B are provided in the same layer as each other in one surface side (a side opposite to the driving electrode 19) of thefourth substrate 21 and are covered with the insulatingfilm 34. That is, on thefourth substrate 21, the drivingelectrode 33A for a sensor and thedetection electrode 33B are arranged on the same surface in a predetermined pattern in a state of being insulated from each other, and therefore a capacitative element is formed between the drivingelectrode 33A for a sensor and thedetection electrode 33B. Thepolarization plate 23 may be adhered onto the insulatingfilm 34. - Similarly to the fifth and sixth modification examples, in regard to an integrated structure in which the liquid
crystal lens portion 20 and the touch sensor portion are laminated above thepixel portion 10, the touch sensor portion may be a so-called on-cell structure, and it is not necessarily for the driving electrode to be commonized between the liquid crystal lens portion and the touch sensor portion. In addition, in the above-described modification examples, description has been made with respect to a structure in which all of thesecond substrate 13, theadhesion layer 14, thethird substrate 15, and thecounter electrode 16 are laminated as an example, but similarly to a structure described in the second embodiment, and the first and second modification examples, several layers may be omitted or used in common. - Next, application examples (first to fifth application examples) of the touch sensor-mounted display device illustrated in the above-described embodiments and modification examples will be described with reference to
FIGS. 23 to 27G . The display device of the above-described embodiments or the like is applicable to electronic apparatuses of all fields, for example, portable terminals such as a television device, a digital camera, a note-type personal computer, and a cellular phone, video camera, or the like. In other words, the display device of the above-described embodiments is applicable to electronic apparatuses of all fields in which a video signal input from the outside, or a video signal generated inside is displayed as an image or a video. -
FIG. 23 illustrates an external appearance of a television device according to a first application example. The television device includes, for example, an imagedisplay screen portion 510 including afront panel 511 andfilter glass 512, and the imagedisplay screen portion 510. The imagedisplay screen portion 510 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like. -
FIGS. 24A and 24B illustrate an external appearance of a digital camera according to a second application. The digital camera includes, for example, a light-emittingportion 521 for a flash, adisplay portion 522, amenu switch 523, and ashutter button 524. Thedisplay portion 522 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like. -
FIG. 25 illustrates an external appearance of a note-type personal computer according to a third application example. The note-type personal computer includes, for example, amain body 531, akeyboard 532 for an input operation of characters or the like, and adisplay portion 533 that displays an image. Thedisplay portion 533 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like. -
FIG. 26 illustrates an external appearance of a video camera according to a fourth application example. The video camera includes, for example, amain body 541, alens 542 that is provided at a front-side surface of themain body 541 to take a photograph of subjects, a start and stopswitch 543 at the time of taking a photograph, and adisplay portion 544. Thedisplay device 544 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like. -
FIGS. 27A to 27G illustrate an external appearance of a cellular phone according to a fifth application example. The cellular phone includes, for example, anupper casing 710 and alower casing 720 connected by a connecting portion (a hinge portion) 730, adisplay 740, a sub-display 750, a picture light 760, and acamera 770. Thedisplay 740 or the sub-display 750 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiments or the like. - Hereinbefore, the present disclosure has been described with reference to several embodiments, modification examples, and application examples as an example, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments or the like, and various modifications may occur. For example, the above-described embodiments have a structure in which the display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion are provided in this order above the pixel portion. However, a lamination sequence is not laminated thereto, and for example, the display switching function portion may be provided above the pixel portion with the touch sensor portion interposed therebetween. However, it is preferable that the touch sensor portion be laminated at the outermost surface from the viewpoint of a sensor sensitivity.
- In addition, in the above-described embodiments or the like, the organic EL element has been exemplified as a display pixel in the
pixel portion 10, but the display pixel is not limited thereto, and for example, may be a liquid crystal display element. In the case of using the liquid crystal display element, an additional backlight may be provided to perform an image display. - Furthermore, in the above-described embodiments or the like, description has been made with respect to a laminated structure in which the driving electrode is used in common between the display switching function portion and the touch sensor portion as an example, but it is not limited to this laminated structure, and the driving electrode may be provided separately in each portion. However, it is preferable that the driving electrode be used in common from the viewpoint of thickness and simplicity of a device.
- The present disclosure contains subject matter related to that disclosed in Japanese Priority Patent Application JP 2011-062920 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Mar. 22, 2011, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (20)
1. A display device comprising:
a pixel portion including a plurality of pixels;
a display switching function portion that displays an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion, and is capable of switching a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image; and
a sensor portion that detects whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches.
2. The display device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the display switching function portion is configured by any one of a liquid crystal lens, a liquid lens, and a barrier parallax.
3. The display device according to claim 2 ,
wherein the sensor portion is an electrostatic capacitance type touch sensor.
4. The display device according to claim 3 ,
wherein the pixel portion includes an organic electroluminescent elements as the pixels.
5. The display device according to claim 4 ,
wherein the display switching function portion and the sensor portion are provided in this order from the pixel portion side,
the pixel portion includes an organic electroluminescent layer and a common electrode in this order above the plurality of pixel electrodes,
the display switching function portion includes a function layer, which allows an emission angle or an emission area of a light beam to vary in response to an applied voltage, and a driving electrode for a display switching in this order above a counter electrode, and
the sensor portion includes a detection electrode above the driving electrode for a sensor, a capacitative element being formed between the driving electrode for a sensor and the detection electrode.
6. The display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the driving electrode for a sensor in the sensor portion also serves as the driving electrode for a display switching in the display switching function portion.
7. The display device according to claim 6 ,
wherein the pixel portion is sealed between a first substrate and a second substrate,
the counter electrode is provided above the second substrate with a third substrate interposed therebetween, and
a fourth substrate is provided between the driving electrode for a sensor and the detection electrode.
8. The display device according to claim 6 ,
wherein the pixel portion is sealed between a first substrate and a second substrate,
the counter electrode is provided directly on the second substrate, and
a fourth substrate is provided between the driving electrode for a sensor and the detection electrode.
9. The display device according to claim 6 ,
the pixel portion and a protective layer are formed in this order above a first substrate,
the counter electrode is provided on the protective layer, and
a fourth substrate is provided between the driving electrode for a sensor and the detection electrode.
10. The display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the common electrode in the pixel portion also serves as the counter electrode in the display switching function portion.
11. The display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the driving electrode for a sensor in the sensor portion also serves as the driving electrode for a display switching in the display switching function portion, and
the common electrode in the pixel portion also serves as the counter electrode in the display switching function portion.
12. The display device according to claim 11 ,
the pixel portion is provided on a first substrate,
the function layer is provided on the common electrode of the pixel portion, and
a fourth substrate is provided between the driving electrode for a sensor and the detection electrode.
13. The display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the driving electrode for a sensor includes one or a plurality of strip-shaped driving electrodes, and
the detection electrode includes one or a plurality of strip-shaped detection electrodes that extend in a direction intersecting the strip-shaped driving electrodes.
14. The display device according to claim 6 ,
the driving electrode for a sensor includes a driving circuit that applies a driving signal for a three-dimensional display or a two-dimensional display, and a driving signal for a sensor, respectively.
15. The display device according to claim 14 ,
wherein the driving circuit applies the driving signal for a sensor in a short period compared to the driving signal for a three-dimensional display and the driving signal for a two-dimensional display.
16. The display device according to claim 15 , further comprising:
a detection circuit that applies the driving signal for a sensor with respect to the driving electrode for a sensor, and performs an object detection process based on a detection signal that is obtained from the detection electrode.
17. The display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the display switching function portion is a liquid crystal lens, and
a liquid crystal layer in which a refraction index varies in response to an applied voltage is provided as the function layer.
18. The display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the display switching function portion is a liquid lens, and
a polar liquid layer and a nonpolar liquid layer in which a shape of an interface therebetween varies in response to an applied voltage are provided as the function layer.
19. The display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the display switching function portion is a liquid crystal barrier, and
a liquid crystal layer, which is capable of switching transmission and interception of a selective area in response to an applied voltage, is provided as the function layer.
20. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a display device including,
a pixel portion that includes a plurality of pixels,
a display switching function portion that displays an image based on light emitted from the pixel portion, and is capable of switching a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image, and
a sensor portion that detects whether or not an object comes into contact with or approaches.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201308149A (en) | 2013-02-16 |
US10128320B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 |
US20180108711A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
CN102750027A (en) | 2012-10-24 |
TWI596516B (en) | 2017-08-21 |
CN102750027B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
JP5927532B2 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
JP2012198416A (en) | 2012-10-18 |
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