US20110052430A1 - Fluid machine - Google Patents
Fluid machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110052430A1 US20110052430A1 US12/519,919 US51991907A US2011052430A1 US 20110052430 A1 US20110052430 A1 US 20110052430A1 US 51991907 A US51991907 A US 51991907A US 2011052430 A1 US2011052430 A1 US 2011052430A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- fluid machine
- linear motor
- split pipe
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
- F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
- F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
- F04B17/04—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids
- F04B17/042—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids the solenoid motor being separated from the fluid flow
- F04B17/044—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids the solenoid motor being separated from the fluid flow using solenoids directly actuating the piston
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B25/00—Multi-stage pumps
- F04B25/005—Multi-stage pumps with two cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B25/00—Multi-stage pumps
- F04B25/02—Multi-stage pumps of stepped piston type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
- F04B39/0011—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons liquid pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
- F04B39/064—Cooling by a cooling jacket in the pump casing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
- F04F1/06—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fluid machine for compressing or conveying fluids, especially for compressing gases to high pressures, with a linear motor, at least one cylinder, a solid piston which can be moved axially in the cylinder, or an axially movable liquid piston and at least one compression space which is made between the cylinder and the solid piston and the liquid piston, the linear motor transferring a translational driving force to the solid piston or the liquid piston.
- Fluid machines are known in the prior art in different embodiments and versions. Fluid machines can be subdivided, first of all, according to whether they are intended for conveying or compressing liquids or gases. Fluid machines which are used for conveyance of liquids are generally also called pumps, while fluid machines for compressing gases are called compressors. Moreover fluid machines can also be distinguished depending on the type of driving force—hydraulic, electrical or electromagnetic, and according to the type of driving motion—rotational or translational.
- This invention relates to a fluid machine in which the driving force is produced by a linear motor which applies a translational driving force directly to the piston which is guided in the cylinder, i.e., without conversion of rotary motion by way of gearing. If a gas is to be compressed with such a fluid machine, the machine can also be called a piston compressor or linear compressor.
- the linear motor here is essentially comprised of a stator and a rotor or actuator, and the linear motor as well as the synchronous motor can also be made as an asynchronous or synchronous linear motor.
- the linear motor then corresponds to an unwound asynchronous motor with a squirrel cage rotor or a permanently excited synchronous motor, a travelling field being produced by the coil or winding of the stator instead of a rotating field.
- Force is transferred as in a polyphase machine, either by voltage induction in a squirrel cage rotor of the asynchronous motor or by interaction with the field of the permanent magnets of the synchronous motor.
- German Patent Application DE 10 2004 055 924 A1 discloses a linear compressor which has been described before, in which the magnet of the rotor is fastened to a magnet frame which is securely attached to one face side of the piston.
- a cooling channel by which the coil of the stator attached to the coil holder is cooled with a coolant.
- a pump which conveys oil within the receptacle which hermetically seals the linear compressor through the cooling channel to the coil or to the coil holder. The returning oil is collected in the lower part of the hermetically sealed receptacle.
- German Patent Application DE 102 14 047 A1 discloses a compressor for a motor vehicle air conditioning system with a closed coolant circuit which has a compressor housing with a compression space made in it and a jacking piston which can move back and forth in it and in which the drive for the compressor is a linear motor with a variable trigger frequency, to whose reaction part the jacking piston is attached on the compressor space-side end face of the jacking piston.
- the known compressor is of simple structure, consists of only a few parts and is relatively small. Bearing, lubrication and sealing problems do not arise, in any case at a pressure level on the high pressure side between 80 and 160 bar.
- the sealing of the jacking piston relative to the compression space wall is effected by means of conventional ring seals on the jacking piston. Since, for these movable seals, leakages to the atmosphere in principle occur at least over time, the compressor known from German Patent Application DE 102 14 047 A1 is not suitable at least for sealing high pressures (>150 bar) and is not intended for this purpose either.
- a solid piston within the framework of the invention is defined as a (conventional) solid (metal) piston, as has been known for a long time.
- the above described compressors have these solid pistons.
- a liquid piston conversely, within the framework of the invention, is defined as a liquid which is indeed liquid, but behaves like a solid when compression of the gas is achieved by changing the liquid level.
- the liquid and the gas to be compressed are both in the cylinder, without however the liquid and gas mixing.
- the liquid piston thus assumes the function of a solid piston, the liquid piston as well as the solid piston being translationally driven by the travelling magnetic field of the linear motor which has been produced by means of coils.
- a fluid machine with a liquid piston is known for example from German Patent Application DE 10 2004 046 316 A1 and corresponding U.S. Patent Application Publication 2007/0258828 A1.
- an ionic liquid being used so that the compressor is also called an “ionic compressor”.
- the known compressor has two cylinders which are connected to one another and in which one liquid and one gas to be compressed at a time are located. By means of a hydraulic pump the liquid levels in the two cylinders are varied such that one of the cylinders intakes the gas which is to be compressed, while compression of the gas occurs in the other cylinder.
- the object of this invention is to provide the initially described fluid machine for compression or conveyance of fluids with a structure that is as simple as possible and enables leak-free and as much as possible also lubricant-free compression or conveyance of fluids, especially compression of gases to high pressures.
- the split pipe in the radial direction is located between the rotor and the coil of the stator so that the split pipe surrounds the rotor.
- the split pipe is located between the stator and the rotor.
- both the rotor and also the coil of the stator are located within the split pipe so that the split pipe surrounds the rotor and the stator.
- the split pipe is thus used as a partition between the electrical drive system and the compression space in contact with the fluid and the moving solid piston, the split pipe being penetrated by a magnetic field for energy transmission.
- electrical losses as a result of eddy currents occur in the split pipe and the split pipe is heated so that the efficiency of the linear motor with the split-pipe located in between is less than the efficiency of a linear motor with a split pipe which lies outside.
- This disadvantage of greater losses does not occur in the second embodiment in which the split-pipe surrounds the rotor and the stator.
- This embodiment is at least theoretically advantageous unless corrosive media are to be compressed with the fluid machine. In this case, the coil for an outside split pipe would likewise be exposed to a corrosive medium; this can lead to an adverse effect on the service life of the coil.
- the fluid machine in accordance with the invention can advantageously be easily built by the magnets of the rotor being located directly on the piston. Attaching the magnets of the rotor directly to the piston eliminates the need to make and arrange a separate magnet frame. Moreover, the radial dimensions of the fluid machine, especially of the cylinder, can be reduced by this configuration.
- the fluid machine is made in several stages, i.e., compression of the gas takes place in at least two, preferably in four stages.
- compression of the gas takes place in at least two, preferably in four stages.
- single-stage compression is also possible, then preferably there being one equalization stage to keep the resulting forces necessary for compression low.
- the solid piston has several sections with different diameters.
- the piston can be composed of several piston sections in terms of production engineering.
- the compression space connected to the split pipe is connected to the fluid entry side, i.e., to the intake side of the fluid machine, directly or by way of a line or a channel made in the cylinder or in the housing.
- This measure reduces the pressure in the region of the split pipe to a low pressure on the fluid entry side. Internal leaks which occur along the moving piston seals are relieved to the intake pressure and discharged to the fluid entry side.
- the required wall thickness of the split pipe can be reduced, by which, in an arrangement of the split pipe between the rotor and the coil of the stators, electrical losses are reduced.
- a thick-walled or double-walled execution of the split pipe which is otherwise necessary at especially high pressures can thus be eliminated, But regardless, a double-walled split pipe can be used to increase safety, especially for dangerous gases (toxic, polluting, or radioactive gases.
- the split pipe To reduce electrical losses which can occur by using the split pipe, it is moreover possible to produce the split pipe from plastic or ceramic, not metal. In choosing the plastic or the ceramic, it must be noted that the split pipe can also reliably withstand the maximum pressure which occurs.
- the coolant required for re-cooling the gas by the heat exchanger can then preferably also be used for cooling the linear motor. Cooling takes place preferably from the outside, i.e., by way of the housing which surrounds the linear motor, so that neither the rotor nor the stator comes into direct contact with the coolant.
- the fluid itself can be used if it is in the correspondingly cold state. If it is a gas which is to be compressed, for example hydrogen, which is supercold in the liquid phase before compression, the gas can be used as a coolant in the liquid phase.
- a liquid piston In a fluid machine for compressing gases to high pressures with a liquid piston the latter is preferably formed by a magnetizable liquid which does not have a vapor pressure so that molecules of the liquid do not mix with the gas to be compressed.
- the liquid for this liquid piston can be for example an ionic liquid. If such a liquid is used which does not mix with the gas to be compressed, as long as its decomposition temperature is not reached, subsequent separation of the liquid from the gas which is being compressed can be omitted.
- the split pipe In a fluid machine with a liquid piston, the split pipe is located in the radial direction preferably within the coil of the stator so that the split pipe surrounds the liquid which is acting as a rotor. In the region of the linear motor, the split pipe thus has the function of the cylinder wall.
- the liquid level is changed, not by means of a hydraulic pump, but by a linear motor whose travelling magnetic field, which is produced by the coils, applies a translational motive force to the magnetizable liquid.
- a linear motor instead of a hydraulic pump, on the one hand, a higher maximum pressure of the gas to be compressed can be achieved, and on the other hand, the wear which occurs when using a hydraulic pump is avoided.
- a liquid piston also has the advantage that, by way of the liquid, at least partial discharge of the heat of compression which forms during compression, and at the same time, cooling of the linear motor, especially cooling of the coil of the stator, can take place.
- at least one heat exchanger is designed for re-cooling the liquid.
- the above described fluid machine in accordance with the invention is especially suited for compressing gases to high pressures, especially for compression of hydrogen to 500 bar or more.
- a linear compressor is especially suited for outfitting hydrogen filling stations.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a fluid machine in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the encircled region A of the fluid machine as shown in FIG. 1 ,
- FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a fluid machine in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view corresponding to that of FIG. 2 , but of the corresponding region of the fluid machine as shown in FIG. 3 ,
- FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of a fluid machine in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of a fluid machine in accordance with the invention.
- FIGS. 1 , 3 , 5 and 6 show four different embodiments of a fluid machine 1 in accordance with the invention, the figures being solely simplified representations, so that only the components important to the invention are shown.
- the fluid machines 1 shown in the figures are used for compressing gases, especially hydrogen, to a high pressure of 500 bar, for example. These fluid machines 1 can therefore advantageously be used especially for outfitting hydrogen filling stations.
- the fluid machines 1 shown in FIGS. 1 , 3 , and 5 each have a linear motor 2 for driving a solid piston 4 which is movably located in a cylinder 3 .
- a linear motor 2 for driving a solid piston 4 which is movably located in a cylinder 3 .
- a translational driving force is applied to the solid piston 4 so that the solid piston 4 can move back and forth axially within the cylinder 3 , 3 ′.
- Within the cylinder 3 is at least one compression space 5 for the gas to be compressed, the size of the compression space changing depending on the position of the solid piston 4 .
- the fluid machine 1 is made altogether in 4 stages, so that compression of the gas takes place in four succeeding stages. Accordingly, in these two embodiments, each of the four sections 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , of the solid piston 4 has a different diameter. Corresponding thereto, the cylinder 3 , 3 ′ also has four different sections with different inside diameters so that altogether four compression spaces 5 are formed.
- the fluid machine 1 as shown in FIG. 5 is made only with one stage, being a double-acting fluid machine 1 so that one compression space 5 is formed on each of the two sides of the solid piston 4 .
- the solid piston 4 is surrounded by a fixed split pipe 6 in the region of the linear motor 2 .
- the arrangement of the split pipe 6 ensures reliable sealing of the cylinder interior 7 so that, altogether, the desired absence of leakage of the fluid machine 1 is easily achieved.
- the absence of leakage to the atmosphere need no longer be implemented by the piston seals 8 which are located on the solid piston 4 and which fundamentally cannot ensure the absence of leakage due to their arrangement and execution as moving seals or cannot permanently do so and especially not without lubricant.
- the otherwise conventional execution of the piston rod to the drive is thus eliminated, likewise, the moving sealing systems required for this purpose.
- the absence of leakage to the atmosphere is then ensured exclusively with static seals 18 .
- the linear motor 2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 has a stator with a coil 9 and a rotor with several magnets 10 , the magnets 10 being located directly on the solid piston 4 .
- the split pipe 6 in the radial direction, is located between the rotor, i.e., the magnet 10 and the coil 9 of the stator, so that the split pipe 6 surrounds not only the solid piston 4 , but also the magnets 10 of the rotor.
- the split pipe 6 is thus located between the stator and the rotor so that the split pipe 6 is penetrated by the magnetic field.
- both the rotor i.e., the magnet 10 and also the coil 9 of the stator, are located within the split pipe 6 . In this embodiment thus not only the magnets 10 , but also the coil 9 is exposed to the fluid which in spite of the piston seal 8 enters the cylinder interior 7 in the region of the split pipe 6 .
- FIGS. 1 , 3 and 5 indicate that the compression space 5 , connected to the gap space 6 , is connected by way of a line 11 to the fluid entry side 12 of the fluid machine 1 .
- the pressure in the cylinder interior 7 surrounded by the split pipe 6 is reduced, by which the split pipe 6 in the configuration as shown in FIGS. 1 & 2 and the coil 9 and the split pipe 6 in the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 3 & 4 are not unnecessarily loaded.
- a correspondingly smaller wall thickness for the split pipe 6 can be chosen, by which the eddy current losses which occur in the split pipe 6 are reduced.
- the compression space 5 which is connected to the gap space 6 can also be directly connected to the fluid entry side 12 , i.e., the fluid enters in the compression space 5 which is connected to the gap space 6 . If the fluid to be compressed has a low temperature, the linear motor 2 can thus be cooled at the same time.
- valves 13 which are located in the region of the individual compression space 5 and are preferably made as plate (leaf spring) valves. Then, automatic opening and closing of the valves 13 take place by the prevailing differential pressures between the compression space 5 and the respective inlet and outlet. Since for the two embodiments as shown in FIGS. 1 & 3 , four-stage compression of the gas takes place, the fluid machines 1 each also have four inlet and outlet valves 13 .
- FIGS. 1 & 3 show that the individual compression spaces 5 are connected to one another by way of lines 14 , in the individual lines 14 there being a respective heat exchanger 15 for re-cooling of the compressed gas.
- FIGS. 1 , 3 and 5 show that the fluid machine 1 , altogether, has a coolant circuit 16 for cooling the coil 9 of the stator and thus for cooling of the linear motor 2 . Cooling takes place here from the outside, i.e., by way of a housing 17 which surrounds the coil 9 , so that the coil does not come directly into contact with the coolant. The same coolant can be used both for re-cooling the compressed gas in the heat exchangers 15 and also for cooling the linear motor 2 .
- the illustrated embodiments of the fluid machine 1 each have two cylinders 3 , 3 ′, the linear motor 2 with the split pipe 6 and the housing 17 surrounding the linear motor 2 being located between the two cylinders 3 , 3 ′. Sealing between the face sides of the two cylinders 3 , 3 ′ and the corresponding face sides of the housing 17 takes place by way of static seals 18 .
- FIGS. 3 & 4 show that the electric lines 19 to the stator located within the split pipe 6 are routed using pressure-tight cable penetrations 20 without leaks to the terminal box 21 , the terminal box 21 also having pressure-tight cable penetrations 20 so that the absence of leaks to the atmosphere which is obtained by the split pipe 6 is not neutralized by the connection of the necessary lines 19 .
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a fluid machine 1 which, instead of a solid piston, has a liquid piston 4 ′.
- the liquid which forms the liquid piston 4 ′ is located within the U-shaped housing which is formed from the two cylinders 3 , 3 ′ and the split pipe 6 .
- the fluid machine 1 shown in FIG. 6 like the fluid machine 1 as shown in FIG. 5 , is made with one stage, here its being a double acting fluid machine 1 so that on both sides of the liquid piston 4 ′ a compression space 5 at a time is formed.
- each of the two compression spaces 5 there is a respective valve 13 at the inlet and at the outlet, the outlets of the two compression spaces 5 being connected to one another by way of lines 14 in which a respective heat exchanger 15 is located for re-cooling of the compressed gas.
- the linear motor 2 together with the split pipe 6 and the housing 17 which surrounds the linear motor 2 is located between the two cylinders 3 , 3 ′ so that the split pipe 6 constitutes the cylinder wall for the liquid in the region of the linear motor 2 .
- the fluid machines 1 shown in the figures are especially suited for compression of gases, preferably of hydrogen, to high pressures of, for example, 1000 bar, so that these fluid machines 1 are especially well suited to outfitting of hydrogen filling stations.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of Invention
- The invention relates to a fluid machine for compressing or conveying fluids, especially for compressing gases to high pressures, with a linear motor, at least one cylinder, a solid piston which can be moved axially in the cylinder, or an axially movable liquid piston and at least one compression space which is made between the cylinder and the solid piston and the liquid piston, the linear motor transferring a translational driving force to the solid piston or the liquid piston.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- Fluid machines are known in the prior art in different embodiments and versions. Fluid machines can be subdivided, first of all, according to whether they are intended for conveying or compressing liquids or gases. Fluid machines which are used for conveyance of liquids are generally also called pumps, while fluid machines for compressing gases are called compressors. Moreover fluid machines can also be distinguished depending on the type of driving force—hydraulic, electrical or electromagnetic, and according to the type of driving motion—rotational or translational.
- This invention relates to a fluid machine in which the driving force is produced by a linear motor which applies a translational driving force directly to the piston which is guided in the cylinder, i.e., without conversion of rotary motion by way of gearing. If a gas is to be compressed with such a fluid machine, the machine can also be called a piston compressor or linear compressor. The linear motor here is essentially comprised of a stator and a rotor or actuator, and the linear motor as well as the synchronous motor can also be made as an asynchronous or synchronous linear motor. The linear motor then corresponds to an unwound asynchronous motor with a squirrel cage rotor or a permanently excited synchronous motor, a travelling field being produced by the coil or winding of the stator instead of a rotating field. Force is transferred as in a polyphase machine, either by voltage induction in a squirrel cage rotor of the asynchronous motor or by interaction with the field of the permanent magnets of the synchronous motor.
- German
Patent Application DE 10 2004 055 924 A1 discloses a linear compressor which has been described before, in which the magnet of the rotor is fastened to a magnet frame which is securely attached to one face side of the piston. In the known linear compressor, to cool the linear motor there is a cooling channel by which the coil of the stator attached to the coil holder is cooled with a coolant. To do this there is a pump which conveys oil within the receptacle which hermetically seals the linear compressor through the cooling channel to the coil or to the coil holder. The returning oil is collected in the lower part of the hermetically sealed receptacle. - German Patent Application DE 102 14 047 A1 discloses a compressor for a motor vehicle air conditioning system with a closed coolant circuit which has a compressor housing with a compression space made in it and a jacking piston which can move back and forth in it and in which the drive for the compressor is a linear motor with a variable trigger frequency, to whose reaction part the jacking piston is attached on the compressor space-side end face of the jacking piston. The known compressor is of simple structure, consists of only a few parts and is relatively small. Bearing, lubrication and sealing problems do not arise, in any case at a pressure level on the high pressure side between 80 and 160 bar. The sealing of the jacking piston relative to the compression space wall is effected by means of conventional ring seals on the jacking piston. Since, for these movable seals, leakages to the atmosphere in principle occur at least over time, the compressor known from German Patent Application DE 102 14 047 A1 is not suitable at least for sealing high pressures (>150 bar) and is not intended for this purpose either.
- It was stated initially that the fluid machine has a solid piston which can be moved axially in a cylinder, or an axially movable liquid piston. A solid piston within the framework of the invention is defined as a (conventional) solid (metal) piston, as has been known for a long time. The above described compressors have these solid pistons. A liquid piston, conversely, within the framework of the invention, is defined as a liquid which is indeed liquid, but behaves like a solid when compression of the gas is achieved by changing the liquid level. Here, the liquid and the gas to be compressed are both in the cylinder, without however the liquid and gas mixing. The liquid piston thus assumes the function of a solid piston, the liquid piston as well as the solid piston being translationally driven by the travelling magnetic field of the linear motor which has been produced by means of coils.
- A fluid machine with a liquid piston is known for example from German
Patent Application DE 10 2004 046 316 A1 and corresponding U.S. Patent Application Publication 2007/0258828 A1. In the compressor disclosed there, preferably, an ionic liquid being used so that the compressor is also called an “ionic compressor”. The known compressor has two cylinders which are connected to one another and in which one liquid and one gas to be compressed at a time are located. By means of a hydraulic pump the liquid levels in the two cylinders are varied such that one of the cylinders intakes the gas which is to be compressed, while compression of the gas occurs in the other cylinder. - The object of this invention is to provide the initially described fluid machine for compression or conveyance of fluids with a structure that is as simple as possible and enables leak-free and as much as possible also lubricant-free compression or conveyance of fluids, especially compression of gases to high pressures.
- This object is achieved in the initially described fluid machine, first of all, in that the solid piston or liquid piston in the region of the linear motor is surrounded by a permanently arranged split pipe. Prevention of leakage to the atmosphere can be easily achieved by the arrangement of a split pipe. The leaks which occur on moving seals as dictated by principle when the solid piston is sealed to the drive, and thus, to the atmosphere are prevented by the split pipe. Sealing to the atmosphere can be achieved by the arrangement of the split pipe solely with static seals.
- First of all, preferred embodiments of a fluid machine with a solid piston, i.e., with a massive piston, are described below. According to a first advantageous configuration of the invention, the split pipe in the radial direction is located between the rotor and the coil of the stator so that the split pipe surrounds the rotor. In this embodiment, the split pipe is located between the stator and the rotor. According to one alternative configuration of the invention, both the rotor and also the coil of the stator are located within the split pipe so that the split pipe surrounds the rotor and the stator.
- In the first embodiment, the split pipe is thus used as a partition between the electrical drive system and the compression space in contact with the fluid and the moving solid piston, the split pipe being penetrated by a magnetic field for energy transmission. In this way, electrical losses as a result of eddy currents occur in the split pipe and the split pipe is heated so that the efficiency of the linear motor with the split-pipe located in between is less than the efficiency of a linear motor with a split pipe which lies outside. This disadvantage of greater losses does not occur in the second embodiment in which the split-pipe surrounds the rotor and the stator. This embodiment is at least theoretically advantageous unless corrosive media are to be compressed with the fluid machine. In this case, the coil for an outside split pipe would likewise be exposed to a corrosive medium; this can lead to an adverse effect on the service life of the coil.
- The fluid machine in accordance with the invention can advantageously be easily built by the magnets of the rotor being located directly on the piston. Attaching the magnets of the rotor directly to the piston eliminates the need to make and arrange a separate magnet frame. Moreover, the radial dimensions of the fluid machine, especially of the cylinder, can be reduced by this configuration.
- According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the fluid machine is made in several stages, i.e., compression of the gas takes place in at least two, preferably in four stages. Alternatively single-stage compression is also possible, then preferably there being one equalization stage to keep the resulting forces necessary for compression low. If compression of the gas takes place in several stages, it is more advantageously provided that the solid piston has several sections with different diameters. The piston can be composed of several piston sections in terms of production engineering.
- According to another advantageous configuration of the fluid machine in accordance with the invention with a solid piston, the compression space connected to the split pipe is connected to the fluid entry side, i.e., to the intake side of the fluid machine, directly or by way of a line or a channel made in the cylinder or in the housing. This measure reduces the pressure in the region of the split pipe to a low pressure on the fluid entry side. Internal leaks which occur along the moving piston seals are relieved to the intake pressure and discharged to the fluid entry side. In this way, the required wall thickness of the split pipe can be reduced, by which, in an arrangement of the split pipe between the rotor and the coil of the stators, electrical losses are reduced. A thick-walled or double-walled execution of the split pipe which is otherwise necessary at especially high pressures can thus be eliminated, But regardless, a double-walled split pipe can be used to increase safety, especially for dangerous gases (toxic, polluting, or radioactive gases.
- To reduce electrical losses which can occur by using the split pipe, it is moreover possible to produce the split pipe from plastic or ceramic, not metal. In choosing the plastic or the ceramic, it must be noted that the split pipe can also reliably withstand the maximum pressure which occurs.
- According to another configuration of the invention, as is fundamentally known in the prior art, there is at least one heat exchanger for re-cooling the fluid. In a multistage fluid machine, preferably, there is one such heat exchanger after each compression stage. The coolant required for re-cooling the gas by the heat exchanger can then preferably also be used for cooling the linear motor. Cooling takes place preferably from the outside, i.e., by way of the housing which surrounds the linear motor, so that neither the rotor nor the stator comes into direct contact with the coolant. Alternatively to using a separate coolant, both for re-cooling the fluid and also for cooling the linear motor the fluid itself can be used if it is in the correspondingly cold state. If it is a gas which is to be compressed, for example hydrogen, which is supercold in the liquid phase before compression, the gas can be used as a coolant in the liquid phase.
- In a fluid machine for compressing gases to high pressures with a liquid piston the latter is preferably formed by a magnetizable liquid which does not have a vapor pressure so that molecules of the liquid do not mix with the gas to be compressed. The liquid for this liquid piston can be for example an ionic liquid. If such a liquid is used which does not mix with the gas to be compressed, as long as its decomposition temperature is not reached, subsequent separation of the liquid from the gas which is being compressed can be omitted.
- In a fluid machine with a liquid piston, the split pipe is located in the radial direction preferably within the coil of the stator so that the split pipe surrounds the liquid which is acting as a rotor. In the region of the linear motor, the split pipe thus has the function of the cylinder wall.
- By using a liquid piston instead of a solid piston, not only the use of a solid piston, but also the otherwise necessary piston seals, can be omitted. Sealing of the compression space takes place directly by the liquid which forms the liquid piston so that leakage to the atmosphere cannot occur. Moreover, by eliminating the piston seals, the maintenance cost of the fluid machine is also reduced since there are no wearing parts within the working space.
- In contrast to the “ionic compressor” known from the prior art, in the fluid machine in accordance with the invention, the liquid level is changed, not by means of a hydraulic pump, but by a linear motor whose travelling magnetic field, which is produced by the coils, applies a translational motive force to the magnetizable liquid. By using a linear motor instead of a hydraulic pump, on the one hand, a higher maximum pressure of the gas to be compressed can be achieved, and on the other hand, the wear which occurs when using a hydraulic pump is avoided.
- The use of a liquid piston also has the advantage that, by way of the liquid, at least partial discharge of the heat of compression which forms during compression, and at the same time, cooling of the linear motor, especially cooling of the coil of the stator, can take place. For this purpose, preferably, at least one heat exchanger is designed for re-cooling the liquid.
- The above described fluid machine in accordance with the invention is especially suited for compressing gases to high pressures, especially for compression of hydrogen to 500 bar or more. Thus, such a linear compressor is especially suited for outfitting hydrogen filling stations.
- In particular, there are a host of possibilities for embodying and developing the fluid machine in accordance with the invention as will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a fluid machine in accordance with the invention, -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the encircled region A of the fluid machine as shown inFIG. 1 , -
FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a fluid machine in accordance with the invention, -
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view corresponding to that ofFIG. 2 , but of the corresponding region of the fluid machine as shown inFIG. 3 , -
FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of a fluid machine in accordance with the invention, and -
FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of a fluid machine in accordance with the invention. -
FIGS. 1 , 3, 5 and 6 show four different embodiments of afluid machine 1 in accordance with the invention, the figures being solely simplified representations, so that only the components important to the invention are shown. Thefluid machines 1 shown in the figures are used for compressing gases, especially hydrogen, to a high pressure of 500 bar, for example. Thesefluid machines 1 can therefore advantageously be used especially for outfitting hydrogen filling stations. - The
fluid machines 1 shown inFIGS. 1 , 3, and 5 each have alinear motor 2 for driving asolid piston 4 which is movably located in acylinder 3. By using thelinear motor 2 as a drive, a translational driving force is applied to thesolid piston 4 so that thesolid piston 4 can move back and forth axially within thecylinder cylinder 3 is at least onecompression space 5 for the gas to be compressed, the size of the compression space changing depending on the position of thesolid piston 4. - In the two embodiments as shown in
FIGS. 1 and 3 , thefluid machine 1 is made altogether in 4 stages, so that compression of the gas takes place in four succeeding stages. Accordingly, in these two embodiments, each of the foursections solid piston 4 has a different diameter. Corresponding thereto, thecylinder compression spaces 5 are formed. In contrast, thefluid machine 1 as shown inFIG. 5 is made only with one stage, being a double-actingfluid machine 1 so that onecompression space 5 is formed on each of the two sides of thesolid piston 4. - It is common to all three versions that the
solid piston 4 is surrounded by a fixedsplit pipe 6 in the region of thelinear motor 2. The arrangement of thesplit pipe 6 ensures reliable sealing of thecylinder interior 7 so that, altogether, the desired absence of leakage of thefluid machine 1 is easily achieved. The absence of leakage to the atmosphere need no longer be implemented by the piston seals 8 which are located on thesolid piston 4 and which fundamentally cannot ensure the absence of leakage due to their arrangement and execution as moving seals or cannot permanently do so and especially not without lubricant. The otherwise conventional execution of the piston rod to the drive is thus eliminated, likewise, the moving sealing systems required for this purpose. The absence of leakage to the atmosphere is then ensured exclusively withstatic seals 18. - The
linear motor 2 shown inFIGS. 1 to 5 has a stator with acoil 9 and a rotor withseveral magnets 10, themagnets 10 being located directly on thesolid piston 4. - In the embodiment as shown in
FIG. 1 , or according to the enlargement inFIG. 2 , thesplit pipe 6, in the radial direction, is located between the rotor, i.e., themagnet 10 and thecoil 9 of the stator, so that thesplit pipe 6 surrounds not only thesolid piston 4, but also themagnets 10 of the rotor. In this embodiment, thesplit pipe 6 is thus located between the stator and the rotor so that thesplit pipe 6 is penetrated by the magnetic field. In contrast thereto, in the embodiment as shown inFIG. 3 or according to the enlargement inFIG. 4 , both the rotor, i.e., themagnet 10 and also thecoil 9 of the stator, are located within thesplit pipe 6. In this embodiment thus not only themagnets 10, but also thecoil 9 is exposed to the fluid which in spite of thepiston seal 8 enters thecylinder interior 7 in the region of thesplit pipe 6. -
FIGS. 1 , 3 and 5 indicate that thecompression space 5, connected to thegap space 6, is connected by way of aline 11 to thefluid entry side 12 of thefluid machine 1. This leads to internal leaks which occur in spite of the piston seals 8 between the outer periphery of thesolid piston 4 and the inside wall of thecylinder 3 being relieved to the intake pressure and discharged to thefluid entry side 12. In this way, the pressure in thecylinder interior 7 surrounded by thesplit pipe 6 is reduced, by which thesplit pipe 6 in the configuration as shown inFIGS. 1 & 2 and thecoil 9 and thesplit pipe 6 in the embodiment as shown inFIGS. 3 & 4 are not unnecessarily loaded. By the reduction of pressure which has taken place in this way in thecylinder interior 7 surrounded by thesplit pipe 6, a correspondingly smaller wall thickness for thesplit pipe 6 can be chosen, by which the eddy current losses which occur in thesplit pipe 6 are reduced. - Alternatively, the
compression space 5 which is connected to thegap space 6 can also be directly connected to thefluid entry side 12, i.e., the fluid enters in thecompression space 5 which is connected to thegap space 6. If the fluid to be compressed has a low temperature, thelinear motor 2 can thus be cooled at the same time. - As known in the prior art, inlet and outlet of the gas to be compressed take place by way of
valves 13 which are located in the region of theindividual compression space 5 and are preferably made as plate (leaf spring) valves. Then, automatic opening and closing of thevalves 13 take place by the prevailing differential pressures between thecompression space 5 and the respective inlet and outlet. Since for the two embodiments as shown inFIGS. 1 & 3 , four-stage compression of the gas takes place, thefluid machines 1 each also have four inlet andoutlet valves 13. -
FIGS. 1 & 3 , moreover, show that theindividual compression spaces 5 are connected to one another by way oflines 14, in theindividual lines 14 there being arespective heat exchanger 15 for re-cooling of the compressed gas. Also,FIGS. 1 , 3 and 5 show that thefluid machine 1, altogether, has acoolant circuit 16 for cooling thecoil 9 of the stator and thus for cooling of thelinear motor 2. Cooling takes place here from the outside, i.e., by way of ahousing 17 which surrounds thecoil 9, so that the coil does not come directly into contact with the coolant. The same coolant can be used both for re-cooling the compressed gas in theheat exchangers 15 and also for cooling thelinear motor 2. - Finally it is apparent from the figures that the illustrated embodiments of the
fluid machine 1 each have twocylinders linear motor 2 with thesplit pipe 6 and thehousing 17 surrounding thelinear motor 2 being located between the twocylinders cylinders housing 17 takes place by way ofstatic seals 18. -
FIGS. 3 & 4 , moreover, show that theelectric lines 19 to the stator located within thesplit pipe 6 are routed using pressure-tight cable penetrations 20 without leaks to theterminal box 21, theterminal box 21 also having pressure-tight cable penetrations 20 so that the absence of leaks to the atmosphere which is obtained by thesplit pipe 6 is not neutralized by the connection of thenecessary lines 19. -
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of afluid machine 1 which, instead of a solid piston, has aliquid piston 4′. The liquid which forms theliquid piston 4′ is located within the U-shaped housing which is formed from the twocylinders split pipe 6. Above the liquid, in the twocylinders compression space 5 at each end of theliquid piston 4′ for the gas to be compressed, the size of the twocompression spaces 5 changing depending on the level of the liquid, i.e., on the position of theliquid piston 4′. Thefluid machine 1 shown inFIG. 6 , like thefluid machine 1 as shown inFIG. 5 , is made with one stage, here its being a doubleacting fluid machine 1 so that on both sides of theliquid piston 4′ acompression space 5 at a time is formed. - In each of the two
compression spaces 5, there is arespective valve 13 at the inlet and at the outlet, the outlets of the twocompression spaces 5 being connected to one another by way oflines 14 in which arespective heat exchanger 15 is located for re-cooling of the compressed gas. Thelinear motor 2 together with thesplit pipe 6 and thehousing 17 which surrounds thelinear motor 2 is located between the twocylinders split pipe 6 constitutes the cylinder wall for the liquid in the region of thelinear motor 2. - The
fluid machines 1 shown in the figures are especially suited for compression of gases, preferably of hydrogen, to high pressures of, for example, 1000 bar, so that thesefluid machines 1 are especially well suited to outfitting of hydrogen filling stations.
Claims (21)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102006060147.5 | 2006-12-18 | ||
DE102006060147A DE102006060147B4 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2006-12-18 | Fluid-working machine |
PCT/EP2007/010872 WO2008074428A1 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-12 | Fluid machine |
Publications (1)
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US20110052430A1 true US20110052430A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
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US12/519,919 Abandoned US20110052430A1 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-12 | Fluid machine |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US20110052430A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2122169B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5431953B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006060147B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008074428A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2014090663A (en) | 2014-05-15 |
EP2122169B1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
WO2008074428A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
JP2010513779A (en) | 2010-04-30 |
JP5431953B2 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
JP5868382B2 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
EP2122169A1 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
DE102006060147B4 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
DE102006060147A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
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