US20110049473A1 - Film Wrapped NFET Nanowire - Google Patents

Film Wrapped NFET Nanowire Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110049473A1
US20110049473A1 US12/549,741 US54974109A US2011049473A1 US 20110049473 A1 US20110049473 A1 US 20110049473A1 US 54974109 A US54974109 A US 54974109A US 2011049473 A1 US2011049473 A1 US 2011049473A1
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Prior art keywords
nanowire
nfet
semiconductor structure
film wrapping
layer
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US12/549,741
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Dureseti Chidambarrao
Lidija Sekaric
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GlobalFoundries Inc
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to US12/549,741 priority Critical patent/US20110049473A1/en
Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SEKARIC, LIDIJA, CHIDAMBARRAO, DURESETI
Priority to PCT/EP2010/061404 priority patent/WO2011023520A1/en
Priority to TW099128899A priority patent/TW201110353A/en
Publication of US20110049473A1 publication Critical patent/US20110049473A1/en
Priority to US13/184,004 priority patent/US8232165B2/en
Assigned to GLOBALFOUNDRIES U.S. 2 LLC reassignment GLOBALFOUNDRIES U.S. 2 LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Assigned to GLOBALFOUNDRIES INC. reassignment GLOBALFOUNDRIES INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GLOBALFOUNDRIES U.S. 2 LLC, GLOBALFOUNDRIES U.S. INC.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
    • H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
    • H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
    • H01L29/423—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
    • H01L29/42312—Gate electrodes for field effect devices
    • H01L29/42316—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors
    • H01L29/4232—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate
    • H01L29/42384—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate for thin film field effect transistors, e.g. characterised by the thickness or the shape of the insulator or the dimensions, the shape or the lay-out of the conductor
    • H01L29/42392—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate for thin film field effect transistors, e.g. characterised by the thickness or the shape of the insulator or the dimensions, the shape or the lay-out of the conductor fully surrounding the channel, e.g. gate-all-around
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
    • H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
    • H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
    • H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
    • H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
    • H01L29/66742—Thin film unipolar transistors
    • H01L29/6675—Amorphous silicon or polysilicon transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
    • H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
    • H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
    • H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
    • H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
    • H01L29/78684—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising semiconductor materials of Group IV not being silicon, or alloys including an element of the group IV, e.g. Ge, SiN alloys, SiC alloys
    • H01L29/78687—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising semiconductor materials of Group IV not being silicon, or alloys including an element of the group IV, e.g. Ge, SiN alloys, SiC alloys with a multilayer structure or superlattice structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
    • H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
    • H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
    • H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
    • H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
    • H01L29/78696—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film characterised by the structure of the channel, e.g. multichannel, transverse or longitudinal shape, length or width, doping structure, or the overlap or alignment between the channel and the gate, the source or the drain, or the contacting structure of the channel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
    • Y10S977/762—Nanowire or quantum wire, i.e. axially elongated structure having two dimensions of 100 nm or less
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
    • Y10S977/813—Of specified inorganic semiconductor composition, e.g. periodic table group IV-VI compositions
    • Y10S977/814—Group IV based elements and compounds, e.g. CxSiyGez, porous silicon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
    • Y10S977/813—Of specified inorganic semiconductor composition, e.g. periodic table group IV-VI compositions
    • Y10S977/825—Heterojunction formed between semiconductor materials that differ in that they belong to different periodic table groups
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
    • Y10S977/936—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application in a transistor or 3-terminal device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
    • Y10S977/936—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application in a transistor or 3-terminal device
    • Y10S977/937—Single electron transistor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
    • Y10S977/936—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application in a transistor or 3-terminal device
    • Y10S977/938—Field effect transistors, FETS, with nanowire- or nanotube-channel region

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to the field of semiconductor structure, and specifically to inducing tensile stress in a nanostructure of a semiconductor structure.
  • a semiconductor structure may comprise a number of field effect transistors (FETs); each FET may include a source, a drain, a channel, and a gate.
  • the channel connects the source and the drain, and electrical current flows through the channel from the source to the drain.
  • the electrical current flow is induced in the channel by a voltage applied at the gate.
  • the size of a FET is related to the electrical conductivity of the material that comprises the channel. If the material that comprises the channel has a relatively high conductivity, the FET may be made correspondingly smaller.
  • a FET may comprise an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) or a p-channel field effect transistor (PFET).
  • the electrical conductivity of an NFET is determined by the electron mobility of the NFET channel.
  • the electron mobility of the NFET channel is related to the amount of tensile stress in the NFET material; more specifically, increased tensile stress in the NFET material may raise the electron mobility of some NFET materials.
  • a channel may comprise a nanostructure, also referred to as a nanowire.
  • An exemplary nanowire may have a cross-sectional area of about 20 nanometers (nm) by 20 nm or less. Due to the small size and freestanding nature of a nanowire, inducing tensile stress in a nanowire may present difficulties.
  • a semiconductor structure includes an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) nanowire, the NFET nanowire comprising a film wrapping around a core of the NFET nanowire, the film wrapping configured to provide tensile stress in the NFET nanowire.
  • NFET n-channel field effect transistor
  • a method of making a semiconductor structure includes growing a film wrapping around a core of an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) nanowire of the semiconductor structure, the film wrapping being configured to provide tensile stress in the NFET nanowire.
  • NFET n-channel field effect transistor
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after application of a layer of germanium (Ge).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after thermal mixing of silicon (Si) and Ge layers.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after application of photoresist.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after initial formation of the nanowire regions.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after removal of the photoresist and etching of the buried insulator layer.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after oxide thinning
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after formation of a Si wrapping on the SiGe wire wherein the PFET Si wire is thickened
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after formation of a Si wrapping on the SiGe wire wherein the PFET Si wire is not thickened.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a side view of a semiconductor structure comprising a wrapped NFET nanowire.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a method for a process of making a semiconductor structure comprising a wrapped NFET nanowire.
  • Embodiments of a wrapped NFET nanowire are provided, with exemplary embodiments being discussed below in detail.
  • a film wrapping on an NFET nanowire may enhance tensile stress in the NFET nanowire, enhancing the electron mobility in the NFET nanowire.
  • wrapping silicon (Si) around a silicon germanium (SiGe) core may provide tensile stress in an NFET nanowire.
  • the cross-sectional area of the SiGe core is 25 nm 2 .
  • the SiGe core is relaxed (i.e., has minimal stress) because it is freestanding.
  • a silicon film wrapping that conforms to the SiGe core potentially causes a tensile stress in the Si of about 1.75 gigapascals (GPa). This tensile stress may increase the electron mobility of the overall nanowire, which comprises the SiGe core and the Si film wrapping.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after application of a layer 50 of Ge.
  • Layer 10 comprises a substrate, which may comprise silicon in some embodiments.
  • Layer 20 comprises buried insulator, which may comprise a dielectric material such as oxide in some embodiments.
  • Layer 50 comprises Ge, and is disposed on Si layer 40 .
  • Layer 30 comprises Si.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after thermal mixing of Si layer 40 and Ge layer 50 .
  • Layers 40 and 50 of FIG. 1 have been thermally mixed, resulting in SiGe layer 60 .
  • Layer 30 comprises Si
  • layer 20 comprises buried insulator
  • layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • SiGe layer 60 may be thinned, or Si layer 30 may be thickened, as necessary in order to achieve appropriate dimensions for layers 30 and 60 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after application of photoresist.
  • Photoresist layers 70 a and 70 b are placed on SiGe layer 60 and Si layer 30 , respectively, to define nanowire regions.
  • Layer 20 comprises buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after initial formation of PFET and NFET regions.
  • the SiGe layer 60 and Si layer 30 have been etched down to buried insulator layer 20 , leaving SiGe NFET region 61 under photoresist layer 70 a, and Si PFET region 31 under photoresist layer 70 b.
  • Layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after removal of the photoresist and etching of the buried insulator layer.
  • the photoresist layers 70 a and 70 b have been etched off, along with a portion of buried insulator layer 20 , resulting in freestanding SiGe NFET region 61 , freestanding Si PFET region 31 , and buried insulator layers 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c.
  • Layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • NFET region 61 and PFET region 31 are tethered to silicon pads 901 and 903 , as discussed below with regards to FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after oxide thinning.
  • Oxide thinning is performed on SiGe NFET region 61 and Si PFET region 31 , resulting in SiGe core 62 and Si wire 32 .
  • SiGe core 62 and Si wire 32 may each have a cross-sectional area of about 20 nm by about 20 nm or less.
  • Layers 20 a, 20 b , and 20 c comprise buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after formation of a Si film wrapping 80 on SiGe core 62 and thickening of Si wire 32 , resulting in thickened Si PFET nanowire 34 .
  • Layers 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c comprise buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • Si film wrapping 80 provides tensile stress in the NFET; together, Si film wrapping 80 and SiGe core 62 form an NFET nanowire.
  • Si film wrapping 80 may have a thickness between about 1 and 2 nm.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after formation of a Si film wrapping 80 on SiGe core 62 in which Si wire 32 is not thickened.
  • the Si PFET wire 32 of FIG. 6 is masked, and Si film wrapping 80 is grown on SiGe NFET wire 62 .
  • Layers 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c comprise buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • Si film wrapping 80 provides tensile stress in the NFET; together, Si film wrapping 80 and SiGe core 62 form an NFET nanowire.
  • Si wire 32 comprises a PFET nanowire.
  • Si film wrapping 80 may have a thickness between about 1 and 2 nm.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a semiconductor structure comprising a wrapped NFET nanowire.
  • SiGe core 62 is surrounded by Si wrapping 80 , together forming an NFET nanowire.
  • Film wrapping 80 provides tensile stress in the NFET nanowire.
  • Pad 901 and pedestal 902 are on the source side of the semiconductor structure, and pad 903 and pedestal 904 are on the drain side of the semiconductor structure.
  • Electrical current flows through SiGe core 62 and Si film wrapping 80 from source-side pad 901 to drain-side pad 903 according to a voltage applied at gate 905 .
  • Layer 20 comprises buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a method 1000 for a process of making a semiconductor structure comprising a film wrapped NFET nanowire.
  • a germanium layer is disposed on a portion of an exposed silicon layer, as is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the germanium layer and the silicon layer are thermally mixed, resulting in an exposed SiGe layer and an exposed Si layer, as is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a layer of photoresist is applied to a portion of the SiGe layer, and a layer of photoresist is applied to the Si layer, as is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the exposed SiGe and Si layers are etched down to a buried insulator layer, leaving the portions of the SiGe and the Si located under the photoresist layers, as is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the photoresist is removed, and the buried insulator is etched, resulting in a freestanding SiGe NFET region and a freestanding Si PFET region, as is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the freestanding SiGe NFET region and the freestanding Si PFET region are thinned, resulting in a SiGe NFET core and a Si PFET wire, as is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • a Si film wrapping is grown.
  • the Si PFET wire is masked, and the Si film wrapping is grown on the SiGe core, forming the NFET nanowire, as is shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the Si PFET wire is not masked, and Si is also grown on the Si PFET wire, resulting in a thickened Si PFET nanowire, as is shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the Si film wrapping provides tensile stress in the NFET nanowire, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity in the NFET nanowire.
  • the technical effects and benefits of exemplary embodiments include increased tensile stress in an NFET nanowire, thereby increasing the electrical conductivity of the nanowire and allowing for reduction in size of a semiconductor device.

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Abstract

A semiconductor structure includes an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) nanowire, the NFET nanowire comprising a film wrapping around a core of the NFET nanowire, the film wrapping configured to provide tensile stress in the NFET nanowire. A method of making a semiconductor structure includes growing a film wrapping around a core of an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) nanowire of the semiconductor structure, the film wrapping being configured to provide tensile stress in the NFET nanowire.

Description

    FIELD OF INVENTION
  • This disclosure relates generally to the field of semiconductor structure, and specifically to inducing tensile stress in a nanostructure of a semiconductor structure.
    • DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
  • A semiconductor structure may comprise a number of field effect transistors (FETs); each FET may include a source, a drain, a channel, and a gate. The channel connects the source and the drain, and electrical current flows through the channel from the source to the drain. The electrical current flow is induced in the channel by a voltage applied at the gate. The size of a FET is related to the electrical conductivity of the material that comprises the channel. If the material that comprises the channel has a relatively high conductivity, the FET may be made correspondingly smaller.
  • A FET may comprise an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) or a p-channel field effect transistor (PFET). The electrical conductivity of an NFET is determined by the electron mobility of the NFET channel. In some semiconductor materials, the electron mobility of the NFET channel is related to the amount of tensile stress in the NFET material; more specifically, increased tensile stress in the NFET material may raise the electron mobility of some NFET materials.
  • In a relatively small FET, a channel may comprise a nanostructure, also referred to as a nanowire. An exemplary nanowire may have a cross-sectional area of about 20 nanometers (nm) by 20 nm or less. Due to the small size and freestanding nature of a nanowire, inducing tensile stress in a nanowire may present difficulties.
    • SUMMARY
  • In one aspect, a semiconductor structure includes an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) nanowire, the NFET nanowire comprising a film wrapping around a core of the NFET nanowire, the film wrapping configured to provide tensile stress in the NFET nanowire.
  • In one aspect, a method of making a semiconductor structure includes growing a film wrapping around a core of an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) nanowire of the semiconductor structure, the film wrapping being configured to provide tensile stress in the NFET nanowire.
  • Additional features are realized through the techniques of the present exemplary embodiment. Other embodiments are described in detail herein and are considered a part of what is claimed. For a better understanding of the features of the exemplary embodiment, refer to the description and to the drawings.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several FIGURES:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after application of a layer of germanium (Ge).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after thermal mixing of silicon (Si) and Ge layers.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after application of photoresist.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after initial formation of the nanowire regions.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after removal of the photoresist and etching of the buried insulator layer.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after oxide thinning
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after formation of a Si wrapping on the SiGe wire wherein the PFET Si wire is thickened
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after formation of a Si wrapping on the SiGe wire wherein the PFET Si wire is not thickened.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a side view of a semiconductor structure comprising a wrapped NFET nanowire.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a method for a process of making a semiconductor structure comprising a wrapped NFET nanowire.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Embodiments of a wrapped NFET nanowire are provided, with exemplary embodiments being discussed below in detail.
  • A film wrapping on an NFET nanowire may enhance tensile stress in the NFET nanowire, enhancing the electron mobility in the NFET nanowire. In an exemplary embodiment, wrapping silicon (Si) around a silicon germanium (SiGe) core may provide tensile stress in an NFET nanowire.
  • For an example SiGe core with a cross section that comprises a square with a side length of 5 nanometers (nm), the cross-sectional area of the SiGe core is 25 nm2. The SiGe core is relaxed (i.e., has minimal stress) because it is freestanding. A silicon film wrapping that conforms to the SiGe core potentially causes a tensile stress in the Si of about 1.75 gigapascals (GPa). This tensile stress may increase the electron mobility of the overall nanowire, which comprises the SiGe core and the Si film wrapping.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after application of a layer 50 of Ge. Layer 10 comprises a substrate, which may comprise silicon in some embodiments. Layer 20 comprises buried insulator, which may comprise a dielectric material such as oxide in some embodiments. Layer 50 comprises Ge, and is disposed on Si layer 40. Layer 30 comprises Si.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after thermal mixing of Si layer 40 and Ge layer 50. Layers 40 and 50 of FIG. 1 have been thermally mixed, resulting in SiGe layer 60. Layer 30 comprises Si, layer 20 comprises buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate. In some embodiments, SiGe layer 60 may be thinned, or Si layer 30 may be thickened, as necessary in order to achieve appropriate dimensions for layers 30 and 60.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after application of photoresist. Photoresist layers 70 a and 70 b are placed on SiGe layer 60 and Si layer 30, respectively, to define nanowire regions. Layer 20 comprises buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after initial formation of PFET and NFET regions. The SiGe layer 60 and Si layer 30 have been etched down to buried insulator layer 20, leaving SiGe NFET region 61 under photoresist layer 70 a, and Si PFET region 31 under photoresist layer 70 b. Layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after removal of the photoresist and etching of the buried insulator layer. The photoresist layers 70 a and 70 b have been etched off, along with a portion of buried insulator layer 20, resulting in freestanding SiGe NFET region 61, freestanding Si PFET region 31, and buried insulator layers 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c. Layer 10 comprises substrate. NFET region 61 and PFET region 31 are tethered to silicon pads 901 and 903, as discussed below with regards to FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after oxide thinning. Oxide thinning is performed on SiGe NFET region 61 and Si PFET region 31, resulting in SiGe core 62 and Si wire 32. SiGe core 62 and Si wire 32 may each have a cross-sectional area of about 20 nm by about 20 nm or less. Layers 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c comprise buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after formation of a Si film wrapping 80 on SiGe core 62 and thickening of Si wire 32, resulting in thickened Si PFET nanowire 34. Layers 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c comprise buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate. Si film wrapping 80 provides tensile stress in the NFET; together, Si film wrapping 80 and SiGe core 62 form an NFET nanowire. Si film wrapping 80 may have a thickness between about 1 and 2 nm.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a cross-section of a semiconductor structure after formation of a Si film wrapping 80 on SiGe core 62 in which Si wire 32 is not thickened. The Si PFET wire 32 of FIG. 6 is masked, and Si film wrapping 80 is grown on SiGe NFET wire 62. Layers 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c comprise buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate. Si film wrapping 80 provides tensile stress in the NFET; together, Si film wrapping 80 and SiGe core 62 form an NFET nanowire. Si wire 32 comprises a PFET nanowire. Si film wrapping 80 may have a thickness between about 1 and 2 nm.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a semiconductor structure comprising a wrapped NFET nanowire. SiGe core 62 is surrounded by Si wrapping 80, together forming an NFET nanowire. Film wrapping 80 provides tensile stress in the NFET nanowire. Pad 901 and pedestal 902 are on the source side of the semiconductor structure, and pad 903 and pedestal 904 are on the drain side of the semiconductor structure. Electrical current flows through SiGe core 62 and Si film wrapping 80 from source-side pad 901 to drain-side pad 903 according to a voltage applied at gate 905. Layer 20 comprises buried insulator, and layer 10 comprises substrate.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a method 1000 for a process of making a semiconductor structure comprising a film wrapped NFET nanowire. In block 1001, a germanium layer is disposed on a portion of an exposed silicon layer, as is shown in FIG. 1. In block 1002, the germanium layer and the silicon layer are thermally mixed, resulting in an exposed SiGe layer and an exposed Si layer, as is shown in FIG. 2. In block 1003, a layer of photoresist is applied to a portion of the SiGe layer, and a layer of photoresist is applied to the Si layer, as is shown in FIG. 3. In block 1004, the exposed SiGe and Si layers are etched down to a buried insulator layer, leaving the portions of the SiGe and the Si located under the photoresist layers, as is shown in FIG. 4. In block 1005, the photoresist is removed, and the buried insulator is etched, resulting in a freestanding SiGe NFET region and a freestanding Si PFET region, as is shown in FIG. 5. In block 1006, the freestanding SiGe NFET region and the freestanding Si PFET region are thinned, resulting in a SiGe NFET core and a Si PFET wire, as is shown in FIG. 6. In block 1007, a Si film wrapping is grown. In some embodiments, the Si PFET wire is masked, and the Si film wrapping is grown on the SiGe core, forming the NFET nanowire, as is shown in FIG. 8. In other embodiments, the Si PFET wire is not masked, and Si is also grown on the Si PFET wire, resulting in a thickened Si PFET nanowire, as is shown in FIG. 7. The Si film wrapping provides tensile stress in the NFET nanowire, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity in the NFET nanowire.
  • The technical effects and benefits of exemplary embodiments include increased tensile stress in an NFET nanowire, thereby increasing the electrical conductivity of the nanowire and allowing for reduction in size of a semiconductor device.
  • The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
  • The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Claims (14)

1. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) nanowire, the NFET nanowire comprising a film wrapping around a core of the NFET nanowire, the film wrapping configured to provide tensile stress in the NFET nanowire.
2. The semiconductor structure of claim 1, further comprising a p-channel field effect transistor (PFET) nanowire.
3. The semiconductor structure of claim 2, wherein the PFET nanowire comprises silicon (Si).
4. The semiconductor structure of claim 1, wherein the NFET nanowire core comprises silicon germanium (SiGe).
5. The semiconductor structure of claim 1, wherein the NFET nanowire has a cross-sectional area of about 20 nanometers (nm) by about 20 nanometers or less.
6. The semiconductor structure of claim 1, wherein the film wrapping comprises silicon (Si).
7. The semiconductor structure of claim 1, wherein the film wrapping thickness is between about 1 nanometer (nm) and 2 nm.
8. A method of making a semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
growing a film wrapping around a core of an n-channel field effect transistor (NFET) nanowire of the semiconductor structure, the film wrapping being configured to provide tensile stress in the NFET nanowire.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising masking a p-channel field effect transistor (PFET) nanowire of the semiconductor structure while growing the film wrapping.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the PFET nanowire comprises silicon (Si).
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the NFET nanowire core comprises silicon germanium (SiGe).
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the NFET nanowire has a cross-sectional area of about 20 nanometers (nm) by about 20 nanometers or less.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the film wrapping comprises silicon (Si) of a thickness between about 1 nanometer (nm) and 2 nm.
14. The method of claim 8, further comprising thickening a p-channel field effect transistor (PFET) nanowire of the semiconductor structure while growing the film wrapping.
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