US20030117772A1 - Method and apparatus for thermally controlling multiple electronic components - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for thermally controlling multiple electronic components Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030117772A1 US20030117772A1 US10/023,820 US2382001A US2003117772A1 US 20030117772 A1 US20030117772 A1 US 20030117772A1 US 2382001 A US2382001 A US 2382001A US 2003117772 A1 US2003117772 A1 US 2003117772A1
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- electronic components
- passageway
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- substrate
- heat
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/367—Cooling facilitated by shape of device
- H01L23/3675—Cooling facilitated by shape of device characterised by the shape of the housing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
- H01L23/467—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing gases, e.g. air
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the invention relates to thermal control of electronic components such as field-effect transistors used in voltage regulations in power silicon products including processors and chipsets in computers. Improved thermal control is attained with the invention in a cost-effective manner which allows a relatively large number of electronic components to be placed per unit foot print area of the motherboard while lowering operating temperatures of the components.
- first and second field effect transistors 1 and 2 each having a metal backing member 4 , are located next to one another with a heat sink 5 therebetween.
- Electrical leads 6 , 7 and 8 on each of the field-effect transistors couple the components to the board.
- the heat generating electrical components in U.S. Pat. No. 6,215,662 are each provided with a relatively large heat sink having a main panel and side/fin panels that includes slots to permit air flow therethrough.
- a heat sink of one component is interleaved with that of a neighboring heat sink of a second component. Cooling air is forced, as by use of a fan, to flow through the slots provided in the side panels of the heat sinks.
- the side panels of the heat sinks are close to each other and their slots are aligned to aid air flow.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,046,906 discloses a vent chimney heat sink designed for an electrical assembly wherein a heat sink is in direct contact with a first integrated circuit on a substrate for removing heat therefrom. Heat generated by a second integrated circuit on the board in spaced relation to the first integrated circuit is removed by convective heat transfer from a top surface of the second integrated circuit to an air flow through a channel provided in the heat sink adjacent the second integrated circuit. A fan is employed to generate the air flow.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a conventional “sandwich” configuration of two field-effect transistors wherein the housing is made transparent to show one of the embedded heat sources.
- FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a field-effect transistor box apparatus according to an example embodiment of the invention comprising four field-effect transistors wherein the field-effect transistor housing is made transparent to show two of the embedded heat sources.
- FIG. 3 is a thermal profile of a field-effect transistor of the box apparatus of FIG. 2 obtained by modeling.
- FIG. 4 is a thermal profile of a field-effect transistor in the sandwich configuration of FIG. 1 obtained by modeling.
- FIG. 5 is an air velocity profile for a field-effect transistor in the box apparatus of FIG. 2 obtained by modeling.
- FIG. 6 is an air velocity profile for a single field-effect transistor obtained by modeling.
- an apparatus 9 of an example embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of electronic components 10 - 13 to be thermally controlled.
- the apparatus further comprises a passageway 14 which is open at opposite, upper and lower ends 15 and 16 thereof
- the passageway is formed with heat conductive side walls 17 - 20 in a closed, or at least essentially closed, loop configuration about the passageway.
- the heat-generating electronic components 10 - 13 field-effect transistors in the example embodiment, are located at respective ones of the side walls.
- Each of the electronic components has a heat conductive backing member, 21 - 24 which can form one of the side walls of the passageway.
- the heat conductive side walls are portions of a heat sink 25 which forms the passageway.
- Each of the plurality of electronic components 10 - 13 is arranged in heat conducting relation with one of the side walls of the heat sink.
- the heat sink 25 and heat conductive backing members 21 - 24 are formed of metal, particularly copper, in the example embodiment, but other thermally conductive materials could be used.
- a soldered connection is made between the heat conductive backing member of each electronic component and its corresponding side wall of the heat sink 25 to connect the components and side walls in heat conducting relation.
- the electronic components are preferably arranged outside of the passageway 14 to avoid interfering with the airflow through the passage, but a component or components could be located within the passageway on its corresponding side wall.
- the at least essentially closed loop configuration of the heat conductive side walls is preferably a polygon having at least three sides, although in the example embodiment, a box-shaped configuration is employed.
- the electronic components 10 - 13 each have three electrical leads 26 - 28 extending therefrom beyond the lower, open end of the passageway to allow the components and passageway to stand upright off a substrate 29 to which the components are coupled.
- a circuit board in the example embodiment, particularly a motherboard an electronic assembly 30 according to the invention is formed.
- the standoff allows air to enter through a small gap 32 , having a height of about 1 mm, for example, below the components and their backing members and rise through the passageway 14 producing a chimney effect causing an increase in air speed.
- the air flow is shown by directional arrows 31 in FIG. 2.
- the gap or standoff 32 is preferably only tall enough to allow for air flow beneath the components into the passageway.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 give a comparison of the thermal performance of the field-effect transistor box configuration according to the example embodiment of the invention versus the “sandwich” configuration of the prior art as discussed with reference to FIG. 1.
- the data in FIGS. 3 and 4 was gathered using software to simulate heat transfer through natural convection and conduction.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 were used for the analysis. That is, the sandwich configuration modeled was the same as an individual field-effect transistor in the apparatus of FIG. 2, however, the heat sink the two field-effect transistors share in the sandwich configuration was double the thickness of the heat sink 25 of FIG. 2.
- the closed loop configuration of the present invention also allows for more electronic components to be placed on the motherboard per unit foot print area.
- there are four field-effect transistors in a 2 ⁇ 2 cm area one field-effect transistor/cm 2 ).
- the closed loop configuration of the apparatus of the present invention allows more field-effect transistors to be placed closer together while simultaneously lowering operating temperatures.
- the effectiveness of natural convective cooling of a grouping of electronic components is optimized in a cost-effective manner with the present invention
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to thermal control of electronic components such as field-effect transistors used in voltage regulations in power silicon products including processors and chipsets in computers. Improved thermal control is attained with the invention in a cost-effective manner which allows a relatively large number of electronic components to be placed per unit foot print area of the motherboard while lowering operating temperatures of the components.
- Electronic components, such as field-effect transistors used for voltage regulation in processors and chipsets in computers, generate heat commensurate with the electrical power dissipated thereby. As processor and chipset power increases, the power dissipated by these components also increases which provides its own set of thermal control challenges. To meet these challenges, in some high-power applications, field-effect transistors are designed to stand upright off their circuit board, also known as a motherboard, to avoid excessive motherboard heating. Electronic components have also been provided with a heat conductive backing, typically made of metal, for dissipating the heat generated by the component. In addition, upright field-effect transistors are sometimes placed next to one another to form “sandwiches”. FIG. 1 illustrates a typical, prior art field-effect transistor sandwich configuration wherein first and second
field effect transistors metal backing member 4, are located next to one another with aheat sink 5 therebetween. Electrical leads 6, 7 and 8 on each of the field-effect transistors, couple the components to the board. - The heat generating electrical components in U.S. Pat. No. 6,215,662 are each provided with a relatively large heat sink having a main panel and side/fin panels that includes slots to permit air flow therethrough. To reduce the area of the motherboard for accommodating a plurality of these components with large heat sinks, a heat sink of one component is interleaved with that of a neighboring heat sink of a second component. Cooling air is forced, as by use of a fan, to flow through the slots provided in the side panels of the heat sinks. The side panels of the heat sinks are close to each other and their slots are aligned to aid air flow.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,046,906 discloses a vent chimney heat sink designed for an electrical assembly wherein a heat sink is in direct contact with a first integrated circuit on a substrate for removing heat therefrom. Heat generated by a second integrated circuit on the board in spaced relation to the first integrated circuit is removed by convective heat transfer from a top surface of the second integrated circuit to an air flow through a channel provided in the heat sink adjacent the second integrated circuit. A fan is employed to generate the air flow.
- There is a need for an improved method and apparatus for low cost thermal control of multiple heat-generating electronic components such as field-effect transistors which allow more components to be placed closer together while simultaneously lowering operating temperatures of the components.
- The file of this patent contains at least one drawing executed as a color photograph. Copies of this patent with color photographs will be provided by the Patent and Trademark Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
- The following represents brief descriptions of the drawings, wherein:
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a conventional “sandwich” configuration of two field-effect transistors wherein the housing is made transparent to show one of the embedded heat sources.
- FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a field-effect transistor box apparatus according to an example embodiment of the invention comprising four field-effect transistors wherein the field-effect transistor housing is made transparent to show two of the embedded heat sources.
- FIG. 3 is a thermal profile of a field-effect transistor of the box apparatus of FIG. 2 obtained by modeling.
- FIG. 4 is a thermal profile of a field-effect transistor in the sandwich configuration of FIG. 1 obtained by modeling.
- FIG. 5 is an air velocity profile for a field-effect transistor in the box apparatus of FIG. 2 obtained by modeling.
- FIG. 6 is an air velocity profile for a single field-effect transistor obtained by modeling.
- Referring now to the drawings, an
apparatus 9 of an example embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of electronic components 10-13 to be thermally controlled. The apparatus further comprises apassageway 14 which is open at opposite, upper andlower ends heat sink 25 which forms the passageway. Each of the plurality of electronic components 10-13 is arranged in heat conducting relation with one of the side walls of the heat sink. Theheat sink 25 and heat conductive backing members 21-24 are formed of metal, particularly copper, in the example embodiment, but other thermally conductive materials could be used. - A soldered connection is made between the heat conductive backing member of each electronic component and its corresponding side wall of the
heat sink 25 to connect the components and side walls in heat conducting relation. The electronic components are preferably arranged outside of thepassageway 14 to avoid interfering with the airflow through the passage, but a component or components could be located within the passageway on its corresponding side wall. The at least essentially closed loop configuration of the heat conductive side walls is preferably a polygon having at least three sides, although in the example embodiment, a box-shaped configuration is employed. - The electronic components10-13 each have three electrical leads 26-28 extending therefrom beyond the lower, open end of the passageway to allow the components and passageway to stand upright off a
substrate 29 to which the components are coupled. When theapparatus 9 is coupled to the substrate, a circuit board in the example embodiment, particularly a motherboard, anelectronic assembly 30 according to the invention is formed. The standoff allows air to enter through asmall gap 32, having a height of about 1 mm, for example, below the components and their backing members and rise through thepassageway 14 producing a chimney effect causing an increase in air speed. The air flow is shown bydirectional arrows 31 in FIG. 2. The gap orstandoff 32 is preferably only tall enough to allow for air flow beneath the components into the passageway. - A significant benefit of the at least essentially closed loop configuration of the side walls of the passageway in the
apparatus 9 of the invention is that it allows for effective natural convective cooling of a grouping of heat-generating electronic components, e.g., field-effect transistors in the example embodiment. FIGS. 3 and 4 give a comparison of the thermal performance of the field-effect transistor box configuration according to the example embodiment of the invention versus the “sandwich” configuration of the prior art as discussed with reference to FIG. 1. The data in FIGS. 3 and 4 was gathered using software to simulate heat transfer through natural convection and conduction. - A relatively simple model was used in this simulation because a relative comparison was the only goal of interest. The apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 were used for the analysis. That is, the sandwich configuration modeled was the same as an individual field-effect transistor in the apparatus of FIG. 2, however, the heat sink the two field-effect transistors share in the sandwich configuration was double the thickness of the
heat sink 25 of FIG. 2. - The results of the simulation and modeling show a 16% improvement (273 K baseline) in max temperature with the apparatus of the invention compared with the sandwich configuration apparatus of the prior art. It is believed that much of the improvement is due to the effect of the box-shaped heat sink. The field-effect transistors standing off the motherboard allow air to enter below the transistors and rise up through the interior of the box, producing a “chimney” effect. This results in generally higher air speeds over most of the heat sink surface. This improves convection cooling. This effect is seen in the comparison between FIGS. 5 and 6 wherein the air velocity contours between the field-effect transistor box and a lone field-effect transistor have been analyzed.
- The closed loop configuration of the present invention also allows for more electronic components to be placed on the motherboard per unit foot print area. In the example embodiment of FIG. 2, there are four field-effect transistors in a 2×2 cm area (one field-effect transistor/cm2). However, in the prior art of FIG. 1 there are two field-effect transistors in a 1×2.75 cm area (0.727 field-effect transistor/cm2). Therefore, the closed loop configuration of the apparatus of the present invention allows more field-effect transistors to be placed closer together while simultaneously lowering operating temperatures. Thus, the effectiveness of natural convective cooling of a grouping of electronic components is optimized in a cost-effective manner with the present invention
- While we have shown and described only one example embodiment in accordance with the present invention, it is understood that the same is not limited thereto, but is susceptible to numerous changes and modifications as known to those skilled in the art. For example, electronic components other than field-effect transistors, could be thermally controlled with the invention. Natural convection cooling is utilized in the example embodiment but the movement of air could be further enhanced using a fan, for example, to aid air flow above and/or below the upwardly extending passageway of the invention. Therefore, we do not wish to be limited to the details shown or described herein, but intend to cover all such changes and modifications as are encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (27)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/023,820 US6580608B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2001-12-21 | Method and apparatus for thermally controlling multiple electronic components |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US10/023,820 US6580608B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2001-12-21 | Method and apparatus for thermally controlling multiple electronic components |
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US6580608B1 US6580608B1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
US20030117772A1 true US20030117772A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
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US10/023,820 Expired - Lifetime US6580608B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2001-12-21 | Method and apparatus for thermally controlling multiple electronic components |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20050133231A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-23 | James Conerton | Apparatus and method for storing electronics |
US20090067128A1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-12 | Digital-Logic Ag | Passively cooled computer |
WO2009142644A1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Computer chassis |
US20100232106A1 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-16 | Abb Oy | Arrangement for a motor controller |
US20100328884A1 (en) * | 2008-02-06 | 2010-12-30 | Hidetoshi Oyama | Electric equipment |
US20120067547A1 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-22 | Ece | Device for protecting an electronic system mounted in a rack |
US20120073789A1 (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-03-29 | Intel Corporation, Inc. | Chimney-based cooling mechanism for computing devices |
US20130120934A1 (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-16 | Cooper Technologies Company | Mechanical Heat Pump for an Electrical Housing |
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JPH062314Y2 (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1994-01-19 | ナカミチ株式会社 | Heat dissipation device |
GB9301049D0 (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1993-03-10 | The Technology Partnership Plc | Mounting assembly |
US6046906A (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2000-04-04 | Intel Corporation | Vent chimney heat sink design for an electrical assembly |
US6215662B1 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2001-04-10 | Intel Corporation | Circuit board with interleaved TO-220 heat sinks |
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- 2001-12-21 US US10/023,820 patent/US6580608B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US20050133231A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-23 | James Conerton | Apparatus and method for storing electronics |
US20090067128A1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-12 | Digital-Logic Ag | Passively cooled computer |
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