US20010012425A1 - Lensed optical fiber - Google Patents
Lensed optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- US20010012425A1 US20010012425A1 US09/769,689 US76968901A US2001012425A1 US 20010012425 A1 US20010012425 A1 US 20010012425A1 US 76968901 A US76968901 A US 76968901A US 2001012425 A1 US2001012425 A1 US 2001012425A1
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- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- lens
- lensed
- core
- lensed optical
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4202—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details for coupling an active element with fibres without intermediate optical elements, e.g. fibres with plane ends, fibres with shaped ends, bundles
- G02B6/4203—Optical features
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lensed optical fiber in which a lens is formed on the end face of an optical fiber to enhance the efficiency of optical coupling with a light beam.
- a lensed optical fiber in which a lens is formed on the end face of an optical fiber.
- a lens 2 formed on the end face of an optical fiber 1 has an external form consisting of a hyperboloidal portion 2 a and a spherical portion 2 b inscribed in the hyperboloidal portion 2 a .
- the optical fiber 1 having the lens 2 of this form has a high efficiency of optical coupling with a light source.
- the maximum optical coupling efficiency can be obtained when a radius R of the spherical portion 2 b inscribed in the hyperboloidal portion 2 a is generally 1.5 to 5 ⁇ m (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,851).
- FIG. 5 there also has been proposed an optical fiber having a lens 12 of a wedge-shaped external form having two-stage tapered portions 12 a and 12 b with different angles of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, respectively (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,455,879).
- An optical fiber 11 having a lens 12 of a form shown in FIG. 5 also exhibits a high optical coupling efficiency.
- the hyperboloidal portion 2 a is formed by being polished using a flat plate polishing machine while the angle between the optical fiber and the polishing machine is adjusted. Therefore, for the lens 2 of the first form, it is difficult to fabricate the hyperboloidal portion 2 a with high reproducibility, so that the yield decreases. Also, the optical coupling efficiency varies sensitively depending on the diameter of the spherical portion 2 b , which also results in a decrease in yield.
- the lens 2 of this form it is difficult to accurately determine the boundary between the hyperboloidal portion 2 a and the spherical portion 2 b when the radius of the spherical portion 2 b inscribed in the hyperboloidal portion 2 a is measured. Therefore, the lens 2 of this form presents a problem in that the inspection for external form takes much time.
- the lens 12 of the second form shown in FIG. 5 is polished while the angle between the optical fiber 11 and the polishing machine is kept constant. Therefore, the lens 12 of the second form can be fabricated more easily than the lens 2 of the first form.
- the fabrication takes much time, and the reproducibility of form and increase in yield are limited.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a lensed optical fiber which has no aforementioned drawbacks of the conventional lensed optical fibers and, more specifically, to provide a lensed optical fiber which has a high efficiency of optical coupling with a light source, and can be fabricated with high fabrication accuracy and high yield.
- the present invention has been made based on a new knowledge obtained as a result of earnest theoretical study of the conventional lensed optical fiber.
- the present invention provides a lensed optical fiber in which a lens is formed at the tip end of an optical fiber having a core and a cladding, characterized in that the lens is formed into a wedge shape having two slant portions symmetrical with respect to an axis of the core and a plane portion perpendicular to the axis of the core.
- the lensed optical fiber having the tip end portion of the aforementioned shape has a high optical coupling efficiency. Also, since the shape of this tip end portion is a simple one formed by three planes, the lensed optical fiber can easily be fabricated with high accuracy and high yield. Also, the inspection for external form can be made easily.
- an angle between the slant portion and the plane portion is set at 110 to 170°, and the distance between two intersecting lines on which the slant portion and the plane portion intersect with each other is set at 1 to 4 ⁇ m.
- the lensed optical fiber in accordance with the present invention preferably has an efficiency of 40% or higher of optical coupling with a light source.
- FIG. 1A is a front view of a tip end portion of one embodiment of a lensed optical fiber in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a side view of a tip end portion of the lensed optical fiber shown in FIG. 1A;
- FIG. 2 is a view for illustrating the measurement of optical coupling efficiency of the above embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between an angle ⁇ which a slant portion makes with a plane portion and the optical coupling efficiency for the above embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional lensed optical fiber
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another conventional lensed optical fiber.
- FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are a front view and a side view, respectively, of a tip end portion of one embodiment of a lensed optical fiber 20 in accordance with the present invention.
- an optical fiber 21 has a core 22 with a circular cross-sectional shape and a cladding 23 .
- the tip end portion of the optical fiber 21 is formed with a lens 26 consisting of a wedge-shaped portion formed by two slant portions 24 which is symmetrical with respect to a core axis Ac and a plane portion 25 which is perpendicular to the core axis Ac.
- An angle which the slant portion 24 makes with the plane portion 25 is taken as ⁇ , and a distance between two intersecting lines on which the slant portion 24 and the plane portion 25 intersect with each other is taken as 2 d.
- the aforementioned lensed optical fiber 20 was manufactured by a fabrication procedure as described below.
- the tip end of the optical fiber 21 was cleaved to form the plane portion 25 which was perpendicular to the core axis Ac.
- the optical fiber 21 was polished while an angle between a flat plate polishing machine and the core axis Ac is kept at a desired angle ( ⁇ 90°) using a jig.
- the tip end of the optical fiber 21 could be made the wedge-shaped lens 26 .
- the lensed optical fiber 20 of this embodiment can be manufactured by cleaving the tip end into the plane portion 25 and by polishing the slant portion 24 at the tip end of the optical fiber 21 by onetime angle control.
- the fabrication process was very simple, the yield was increased easily, and the fabrication cost was decreased.
- the optical coupling efficiency was evaluated under the conditions shown in FIG. 2.
- a laser diode for example, having a generating wavelength of 0.98 ⁇ m at the center was used as a light source 30 , and the intensity distribution (mode field) pattern of emitted light from the light source 30 was made an ellipse having a major axis of 4.8 ⁇ m and a minor axis length of 1.2 ⁇ m. Also, the mode field pattern of the optical fiber 21 constituting the lensed optical fiber 20 was made a circle having a diameter of 6.0 ⁇ m.
- the distance between the light source 30 and the lensed optical fiber 20 was made the optimum distance at which the highest optical coupling efficiency can be obtained, for example, 10 ⁇ m, and the minor axis direction of the mode field pattern of the light source 30 was made a direction perpendicular to the direction of the intersecting line on which the slant portion 24 and the plane portion 25 intersect with each other.
- the efficiency of optical coupling with the light source 30 was evaluated by changing the angle ⁇ between the slant portion 24 and the plane portion 25 with the distance between two intersecting lines on which the slant portion 24 and the plane portion 25 intersect with each other being used as a parameter.
- the optical coupling efficiency was obtained from P2/P1, where P1 is the whole power of light emitted from the light source 30 , and P2 is the power of light incident on the optical fiber.
- the lensed optical fiber of this embodiment exhibits a high optical coupling efficiency which is by no means inferior to the comparative example. Considering the high workability, an excellent lensed optical fiber which can be mass-produced at a low cost can be provided.
- the present invention offers an excellent effect that there can be obtained a lensed optical fiber which has a high optical coupling efficiency and can be fabricated with high accuracy and high yield.
Abstract
There is provided a lensed optical fiber (20) in which a lens is formed on the end face of an optical fiber to enhance the efficiency of optical coupling with a light beam. The tip end portion of an optical fiber (21) is formed with a lens (26) formed into a wedge shape having two slant portions (24) symmetrical with respect to an axis (Ac) of a core (22) and a plane portion (25) perpendicular to the axis of the core.
Description
- The present invention relates to a lensed optical fiber in which a lens is formed on the end face of an optical fiber to enhance the efficiency of optical coupling with a light beam.
- In order to enhance the efficiency of optical coupling of a light beam from a light source such as a laser diode device with an optical fiber, there has been used a lensed optical fiber in which a lens is formed on the end face of an optical fiber. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a
lens 2 formed on the end face of anoptical fiber 1 has an external form consisting of ahyperboloidal portion 2 a and a spherical portion 2 b inscribed in thehyperboloidal portion 2 a. Theoptical fiber 1 having thelens 2 of this form has a high efficiency of optical coupling with a light source. For laser diode having a generating wavelength of 0.98 μm at the center, the maximum optical coupling efficiency can be obtained when a radius R of the spherical portion 2 b inscribed in thehyperboloidal portion 2 a is generally 1.5 to 5 μm (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,851). - As shown in FIG. 5, there also has been proposed an optical fiber having a
lens 12 of a wedge-shaped external form having two-stage taperedportions optical fiber 11 having alens 12 of a form shown in FIG. 5 also exhibits a high optical coupling efficiency. - However, the aforementioned lensed optical fibers have the following problems:
- 1) For the
lens 2 of the first form shown in FIG. 4, thehyperboloidal portion 2 a is formed by being polished using a flat plate polishing machine while the angle between the optical fiber and the polishing machine is adjusted. Therefore, for thelens 2 of the first form, it is difficult to fabricate thehyperboloidal portion 2 a with high reproducibility, so that the yield decreases. Also, the optical coupling efficiency varies sensitively depending on the diameter of the spherical portion 2 b, which also results in a decrease in yield. - For the
lens 2 of this form, it is difficult to accurately determine the boundary between thehyperboloidal portion 2 a and the spherical portion 2 b when the radius of the spherical portion 2 b inscribed in thehyperboloidal portion 2 a is measured. Therefore, thelens 2 of this form presents a problem in that the inspection for external form takes much time. - 2) The
lens 12 of the second form shown in FIG. 5 is polished while the angle between theoptical fiber 11 and the polishing machine is kept constant. Therefore, thelens 12 of the second form can be fabricated more easily than thelens 2 of the first form. However, for thelens 12 of the second form, because two-stage taperedportions - Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a lensed optical fiber which has no aforementioned drawbacks of the conventional lensed optical fibers and, more specifically, to provide a lensed optical fiber which has a high efficiency of optical coupling with a light source, and can be fabricated with high fabrication accuracy and high yield.
- The present invention has been made based on a new knowledge obtained as a result of earnest theoretical study of the conventional lensed optical fiber. The present invention provides a lensed optical fiber in which a lens is formed at the tip end of an optical fiber having a core and a cladding, characterized in that the lens is formed into a wedge shape having two slant portions symmetrical with respect to an axis of the core and a plane portion perpendicular to the axis of the core.
- The lensed optical fiber having the tip end portion of the aforementioned shape has a high optical coupling efficiency. Also, since the shape of this tip end portion is a simple one formed by three planes, the lensed optical fiber can easily be fabricated with high accuracy and high yield. Also, the inspection for external form can be made easily.
- Preferably, an angle between the slant portion and the plane portion is set at 110 to 170°, and the distance between two intersecting lines on which the slant portion and the plane portion intersect with each other is set at 1 to 4 μm. Thereby, the lensed optical fiber in accordance with the present invention preferably has an efficiency of 40% or higher of optical coupling with a light source.
- FIG. 1A is a front view of a tip end portion of one embodiment of a lensed optical fiber in accordance with the present invention;
- FIG. 1B is a side view of a tip end portion of the lensed optical fiber shown in FIG. 1A;
- FIG. 2 is a view for illustrating the measurement of optical coupling efficiency of the above embodiment;
- FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between an angle θ which a slant portion makes with a plane portion and the optical coupling efficiency for the above embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional lensed optical fiber; and
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another conventional lensed optical fiber.
- An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are a front view and a side view, respectively, of a tip end portion of one embodiment of a lensed
optical fiber 20 in accordance with the present invention. In the figures, anoptical fiber 21 has acore 22 with a circular cross-sectional shape and acladding 23. The tip end portion of theoptical fiber 21 is formed with alens 26 consisting of a wedge-shaped portion formed by twoslant portions 24 which is symmetrical with respect to a core axis Ac and aplane portion 25 which is perpendicular to the core axis Ac. An angle which theslant portion 24 makes with theplane portion 25 is taken as θ, and a distance between two intersecting lines on which theslant portion 24 and theplane portion 25 intersect with each other is taken as 2 d. - The aforementioned lensed
optical fiber 20 was manufactured by a fabrication procedure as described below. - First, the tip end of the
optical fiber 21 was cleaved to form theplane portion 25 which was perpendicular to the core axis Ac. - Next, the
optical fiber 21 was polished while an angle between a flat plate polishing machine and the core axis Ac is kept at a desired angle (θ−90°) using a jig. By this polishing process, the tip end of theoptical fiber 21 could be made the wedge-shaped lens 26. - As described above, the lensed
optical fiber 20 of this embodiment can be manufactured by cleaving the tip end into theplane portion 25 and by polishing theslant portion 24 at the tip end of theoptical fiber 21 by onetime angle control. For the lensedoptical fiber 20, therefore, the fabrication process was very simple, the yield was increased easily, and the fabrication cost was decreased. - For the lensed
optical fiber 20, the optical coupling efficiency was evaluated under the conditions shown in FIG. 2. - A laser diode, for example, having a generating wavelength of 0.98 μm at the center was used as a
light source 30, and the intensity distribution (mode field) pattern of emitted light from thelight source 30 was made an ellipse having a major axis of 4.8 μm and a minor axis length of 1.2 μm. Also, the mode field pattern of theoptical fiber 21 constituting the lensedoptical fiber 20 was made a circle having a diameter of 6.0 μm. Here, the distance between thelight source 30 and the lensedoptical fiber 20 was made the optimum distance at which the highest optical coupling efficiency can be obtained, for example, 10 μm, and the minor axis direction of the mode field pattern of thelight source 30 was made a direction perpendicular to the direction of the intersecting line on which theslant portion 24 and theplane portion 25 intersect with each other. - Under the above conditions, the efficiency of optical coupling with the
light source 30 was evaluated by changing the angle θ between theslant portion 24 and theplane portion 25 with the distance between two intersecting lines on which theslant portion 24 and theplane portion 25 intersect with each other being used as a parameter. - The results are shown in FIG. 3, in which the abscissa represents (180−θ) and the ordinate represents the coupling efficiency.
- Here, the optical coupling efficiency was obtained from P2/P1, where P1 is the whole power of light emitted from the
light source 30, and P2 is the power of light incident on the optical fiber. - As seen from FIG. 3, in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 μm of the
distance 2 d and 110 to 170° of the angle θ (in the figure, (180−θ)=10 to 70°), an efficiency of 40% or higher of optical coupling with thelight source 30 was obtained. In particular, in the case where 2 d=2.0 μm and θ=140 to 150° ((180−θ)=30 to 40°), an optical coupling efficiency as high as 90% was obtained. - As a comparative example, the optical coupling efficiency of a lensed optical fiber, in which the tip end portion is not of a planar shape perpendicular to the core axis Ac and a
lens 2 shown in FIG. 4 is formed, was measured under the aforementioned conditions. As a result, an optical coupling efficiency of 97% at a maximum was obtained. - Thus, the lensed optical fiber of this embodiment exhibits a high optical coupling efficiency which is by no means inferior to the comparative example. Considering the high workability, an excellent lensed optical fiber which can be mass-produced at a low cost can be provided.
- The present invention offers an excellent effect that there can be obtained a lensed optical fiber which has a high optical coupling efficiency and can be fabricated with high accuracy and high yield.
Claims (2)
1. A lensed optical fiber in which a lens is formed at the tip end of an optical fiber having a core and a cladding, characterized in that said lens is formed into a wedge shape having two slant portions symmetrical with respect to an axis of said core and a plane portion perpendicular to the axis of said core.
2. A lensed optical fiber according to , wherein an angle between said slant portion and said plane portion is 110 to 170°, and the distance between two intersecting lines on which said slant portion and said plane portion intersect with each other is 1 to 4 μm.
claim 1
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/769,689 US6317550B2 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 2001-01-25 | Lensed optical fiber |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9-116812 | 1997-05-07 | ||
JP9116812A JPH10307230A (en) | 1997-05-07 | 1997-05-07 | Optical fiber with lens |
US09/214,202 US6301406B1 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 1998-04-16 | Optical fiber with lens |
US09/769,689 US6317550B2 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 2001-01-25 | Lensed optical fiber |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP1998/001730 Division WO1998050808A1 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 1998-04-16 | Optical fiber with lens |
US09/214,202 Division US6301406B1 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 1998-04-16 | Optical fiber with lens |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20010012425A1 true US20010012425A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
US6317550B2 US6317550B2 (en) | 2001-11-13 |
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US09/214,202 Expired - Fee Related US6301406B1 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 1998-04-16 | Optical fiber with lens |
US09/769,689 Expired - Fee Related US6317550B2 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 2001-01-25 | Lensed optical fiber |
Family Applications Before (1)
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US09/214,202 Expired - Fee Related US6301406B1 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 1998-04-16 | Optical fiber with lens |
Country Status (4)
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US (2) | US6301406B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0916976A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10307230A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998050808A1 (en) |
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US9837782B2 (en) | 2012-10-17 | 2017-12-05 | Fujikura Ltd. | Laser module |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6317550B2 (en) | 2001-11-13 |
EP0916976A1 (en) | 1999-05-19 |
EP0916976A4 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
JPH10307230A (en) | 1998-11-17 |
WO1998050808A1 (en) | 1998-11-12 |
US6301406B1 (en) | 2001-10-09 |
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