TWI400900B - Optical sensing system with self - sensing mechanism - Google Patents

Optical sensing system with self - sensing mechanism Download PDF

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TWI400900B
TWI400900B TW098102033A TW98102033A TWI400900B TW I400900 B TWI400900 B TW I400900B TW 098102033 A TW098102033 A TW 098102033A TW 98102033 A TW98102033 A TW 98102033A TW I400900 B TWI400900 B TW I400900B
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path
fiber
optical
light source
self
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Univ Nat Chiao Tung
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D18/00—Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups G01D1/00 - G01D15/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
    • G01D5/35387—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using wavelength division multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/27—Arrangements for networking
    • H04B10/275—Ring-type networks
    • H04B10/2755—Ring-type networks with a headend
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
    • H04J14/0283—WDM ring architectures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0287—Protection in WDM systems
    • H04J14/0289—Optical multiplex section protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0287—Protection in WDM systems
    • H04J14/0293—Optical channel protection

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
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Description

具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統
本發明為一種光纖網路系統，特別是關於一種兼具自我保護機制、可偵測光纖網路系統並提升整體網路傳輸可靠性之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統。
近年來光纖布拉格光柵(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)成為光學感測領域中的重要元件，在以FBG為主的感測系統中，多路通訊的能力是主要的特色之一。FBG在多路通訊中的應用包含了波長多路通訊(WDM)、空間多路通訊(SDM)、時間多路通訊(TDM)、編碼多路通訊(CDMA)、強度-波長多路通訊和連續波頻率調變多路通訊。基於各類多路通訊技術及其組合，大範圍的FBG感測系統可被輕易的建造，因此，如何提升FBG感測系統的可靠性及生存力(reliability and survivability)成為一個重要的議題。一般來說，線狀分佈(bus(in-line)topology)、樹狀分佈(tree(star)topology)及環狀分佈(ring topology)的網絡架構無法兼具保護感測系統的功能。舉例來說，當線狀分佈的光纖線路出現斷點時，光纖感測器即無法對斷點之後的線路進行感測。為了維持FBG感測系統的生存力，避免因環境變化導致光纖出現斷點而影響到感測機制的運行，建立自我保護機制在實際的光纖感測應用中是必要的。
W. P. Lin等人於J. Lightwave Technol(2001),p32中提出一個綜合樹狀及環狀分佈的新型架構。除此之外，P. C. Peng等人在此新型架構中加入自我保護機制的實驗結果，也被分析和報導於2003年的IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. vol. 15(2003),p. 1270中。然而，此光纖網絡的自我保護機制需要在每個遠端節點(RN)加上主動元件才能達成，此種方法勢必會提升整個光纖網絡佈建的成本和複雜性。若能提出一個簡單，具自我保護且由光纖布拉格光柵組成的多環光纖感測系統，當此多環結構出現連線問題時，此自我修復機制可被迅速地執行，相信能具有大範圍及更高之可靠性，也能節約生產成本。
有鑑於此，本發明係針對上述之問題，提出一種具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，以克服習知之缺點。
本發明之主要目的，係在提供一種具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，由於使用可調雷射光源，使得大範圍的感測系統具有可靠性，並可於網路連線結構出現問題時，迅速執行感測及修復機制。
本發明之另一目的，係在提供一種具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，可大幅提升所有光纖感測器之生存力(survivability)及感測能力(Capacity)，避免因環境變化導致光纖出現斷點，而影響到感測機制運行，光纖感測器的應用也有效降低整體光纖網路佈建的成本及複雜性。
為達上述之目的，本發明為一種具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，包括一主環結構以及一中央控制室，主環結構由複數個次環結構進行串連，形成一主迴圈，次環結構包括至少二光纖感測器，可接收及反射光源訊號；以及一遠端節點，遠端節點具有一光偶合器，可使光源訊號通過該光纖感測器，形成一次迴圈，遠端節點並可連接相鄰之次迴圈。中央控制室用以提供光源訊號及監測光源訊號，中央控制室並具有一光切換器，光切換器具有二輸出端，並連接主環結構，分別形成一第一路徑及一第二路徑，光切換器可切換光源訊號行進於第一路徑或第二路徑，中央控制室包括一可調雷射光源及一光迴旋元件，可調雷射光源發射光源訊號，通過光迴旋元件進入光切換器，藉由光切換器切換第一路徑或第二路徑。中央控制室更包括一光譜分析儀，連接至光迴旋元件；光纖感測器更進一步為光纖布拉格光柵(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)。可調雷射光源係以散佈形式傳遞到各個遠端節點，並透過遠端節點上之光偶合器，發送到該光纖感測器上，光纖感測器具有反射功能，當可調雷射光源發出之光源訊號均會被該光纖感測器偵測並量測，若該環狀結構及該次環結構無任何斷點，中央控制室可完整偵測到光纖感測器所反射之訊號。本發明之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，主要是以中央控制室控制控制光纖感測器、遠端節點及光偶合器所組成之次環結構，該次環結構並進行串連，形成一主環結構，該中央控制室具有可調雷射光源，以散佈形式傳遞到各個遠端節點，並透過遠端節點上之光偶合器，發送到光纖感測器上，光纖感測器具有反射功能，當可調雷射光源發出之光源訊號均會被光纖感測器偵測並量測，若該環狀結構及該次環結構無任何斷點，中央控制室可完整偵測到光纖感測器所反射之訊號，並繪出光譜圖，進而比較分析斷點所在，本發明具有大範圍及多點偵測，且具有優異之成本效益。
底下藉由具體實施例配合所附的圖式詳加說明，當更容易瞭解本發明之目的、技術內容、特點及其所達成之功效。
第一圖為本發明實施例之系統架構圖，如圖所示，本發明為一種具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，包括一主環結構10以及一中央控制室30。主環結構10係由複數個次環結構20串接而成，形成一主迴圈，次環結構20包括數個光纖感測器(以下依序給予代號，為S11、S12、S21、S22、S31…等等)22，可接收及反射光源訊號；以及一遠端節點24，遠端節點具有一光偶合器26可使光源訊號通過光纖感測器22，形成一次迴圈，遠端節點24並可連接相鄰之次迴圈。假設主環結構10上有m個次環結構20，每個次環結構20又具有n個光纖感測器22，每個遠端節點24皆使用一個2×2光偶合器26使光纖感測器22形成一迴圈，並由遠端節點24連接相鄰之次環結構20’及20”等等，如此一來，本系統就具有m×n個感測器。中央控制室30用以提供光源訊號及監測光源訊號，中央控制室30並具有一光切換器32，光切換器32具有二輸出端，並連接主環結構10，分別形成一第一路徑34及一第二路徑36，光切換器32可切換光源訊號行進於第一路徑34或第二路徑36，中央控制室30包括一可調雷射光源38及一光迴旋元件40，可調雷射光源38發射光源訊號，通過光迴旋元件40進入光切換器32，藉由光切換器32切換第一路徑34或第二路徑36，中央控制室30更包括一光譜分析儀42連接至光迴旋元件40，本發明之光纖感測器22更進一步為光纖布拉格光柵(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)，本發明之可調雷射光源38可為可調鉺光纖雷射(Tunable Erbium-Fiber Laser)、或任意之雷射光源。
第二(a)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試示意圖，在一實施例中，係架設一簡化的實驗來了解及分析此一具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，m及n分別為4和2，也就是說共有八個光纖感測器22被設置在本架構中，且每個光纖感測器22皆是被用來當作反射元件。位於中央控制室30中之可調雷射光源38所發出不同波段的光皆會被光纖感測器22所偵測，這八個光纖布拉格光柵的布拉格波長分別是1526.63,1528.87,1532.64,1536.57,1538.24,1541.88,1545.83及1555.85nm。此外，當外界應力和溫度對光纖感測器22的布拉格波長造成干擾時，本感測系統也會準確的量測出來，在正常情況下，光切換器32是處於連接第一路徑34，如此一來由中央控制室30所發出之偵測波長(lasing wavelength)將透過第一路徑34對所有之光纖感測器22進行偵測，圖中之箭頭顯示，整個感測系統由第一路徑34進行感測沒有斷點時的感測傳送路徑；將八個光纖感測器22依序給予代號光纖感測器S11至光纖感測器S42，可調雷射光源38被光纖感測器S11至光纖感測器S42所反射之訊號光譜，可繪出如第二(b)圖般之光譜圖，第二(b)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試無斷點光譜圖，如圖所示，當系統無任何光纖斷點時，中央控制室30能完全偵測這八個光纖感測器所反射之訊號。
在本實施例之感測系統中，光纖可能產生的斷點類型主要可分成三種，分別是斷在主環結構10之連接光纖上、次環結構20上或是光纖感測器22本身，以下將討論分析這三種斷點狀況產生時，所對應和自我保護之機制。
第三(a)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試於主環結構產生斷點圖，如圖所示，一斷點44於主環結構10上之光纖感測器S22及光纖感測器S31之間產生，原先由第一路徑34(圖中實心箭頭路徑)出發之感測訊號僅會感測到光纖感測器S11、光纖感測器S12、光纖感測器S21及光纖感測器S22；此時為了偵測其餘的光纖感測器22訊號，光切換器32會自動切換至第二路徑36(圖中空心箭頭路徑)，以第二路徑36進行感測至斷點44，將其餘訊號感測出來，透過光譜圖能更清楚觀察到斷點44位置；如第三(b)圖所示，第三(b)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試有斷點光譜圖，圖中實線框為第一路徑34所偵測到之訊號，虛線框是由第二路徑36所偵測到之訊號，請同時參照第三(a)圖，由於第一路徑34(圖中實心箭頭路徑)無法偵測光纖感測器S22之後之訊號，而第二路徑36(圖中空心箭頭路徑)無法偵測光纖感測器S31之前之訊號，縱上述之判斷可知，斷點是位於光纖感測器S22及光纖感測器S31之間。因此，上述所提出之操作機制，本具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統可保護主環結構10不被光纖斷裂產生問題所影響，並可偵測出約略之斷點位置。
第四(a)圖及第四(b)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試於次環結構產生斷點圖，當感測透過第一路徑34(圖中實心箭頭路徑)進行傳輸時，如第四(a)圖所示，斷點44產生在次環結構20'上之光纖感測器S21與光纖感測器S22之間，第一路徑34無法偵測到光纖感測器S21之信號，進而使中央控制室30開啟第二路徑36(圖中空心箭頭路徑)，如第四(b)圖所示，第四(b)圖接收反射訊號，並繪出感測光譜，如第四(b)圖所示，中央控制室30係已開啟第二路徑36。第四(c)圖及第四(d)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試有斷點光譜圖，比較上述於第四(c)圖之第一路徑34所繪出之光譜圖及第四(d)圖第二路徑36繪出之光譜圖，由於第一路徑34無法偵測到光纖感測器S21信號、第二路徑36無法偵測到光纖感測器S22之信號，故可判斷斷點44位置位於光纖感測器S21及光纖感測器S22之間。
第五(a)圖及第五(b)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試於光纖感測器產生斷點圖，當光纖感測器22周圍的應力或溫度受到環境或人為因素的影響而改變時，有可能會使感測器的布拉格波長產生偏移，而當應力或溫度的改變量超過光纖感測器22所能承受的極限後，將會使光纖感測器22發生斷裂的情形，而本實施例之感測系統也能偵測此種情況下之斷點位置，如第五(a)圖所示，當感測透過第一路徑34(圖中實心箭頭路徑)進行傳輸時，若光纖感測器S22本身遭到破壞，所繪出之感測光譜將如同第五(c)圖所示，第五(c)圖及第五(d)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試有斷點光譜圖，第五(c)圖中第一路徑34中之光纖感測器S22遭到破壞，將無法偵測到光纖感測器S22及光纖感測器S21的訊號，請再回到第五(a)圖，為了得到該兩消失訊號，中央控制室30會自動切換第二路徑36(圖中空心箭頭路徑)，如第五(b)圖所示。此時在比較第五(c)圖及第五(d)圖之二路徑光譜圖，發現第二路徑之光譜圖依然缺少光纖感測器S22之訊號，可判斷斷點產生於光纖感測器S22本身。此外，同樣是透過第一路徑34進行傳輸時，若光纖感測器S22與光纖感測器S32同時遭到破壞，則感測光譜將缺少光纖感測器S21、光纖感測器S22、光纖感測器S31及光纖感測器S32等四個感測器訊號，當切換至第二路徑36進行感測後，會發現光譜圖仍缺少光纖感測器S22及光纖感測器S32的訊號，因此我們可從本感測系統找出二個或是更多遭破壞之感測器。
本發明提出一種具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，主要是以一中央控制室控制，控制一光纖感測器、一遠端節點及一光偶合器所組成之次環結構，該次環結構並進行串連，形成一主環結構，該中央控制室具有可調雷射光源，以散佈形式傳遞到各個遠端節點，並透過遠端節點上之光偶合器，發送到光纖感測器上，光纖感測器具有反射功能，當可調雷射光源發出之光源訊號均會被光纖感測器偵測並量測，若該環狀結構及該次環結構無任何斷點，中央控制室可完整偵測到光纖感測器所反射之訊號，並繪出光譜圖，進而比較分析斷點所在。本發明具有大範圍及多點偵測，且具有優異之成本效益。
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，其目的在使熟習該項技藝者能夠瞭解本發明之內容而據以實施，並非用來限定本發明實施之範圍；故舉凡依本發明申請專利範圍所述之形狀、構造、特徵及精神所為之均等變化與修飾，均應涵蓋在本發明之申請專利範圍內。
10．．．主環結構
20．．．次環結構
20’．．．次環結構
20”．．．次環結構
22．．．光纖感測器
24．．．遠端節點
26．．．光偶合器
30．．．中央控制室
32．．．光切換器
34．．．第一路徑
36．．．第二路徑
38．．．可調雷射光源
40．．．光迴旋元件
42．．．光譜分析儀
44．．．斷點
第一圖為本發明實施例之系統架構圖。
第二(a)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試示意圖。
第二(b)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試無斷點光譜圖。
第三(a)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試於主環結構產生斷點圖。
第三(b)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試有斷點光譜圖。
第四(a)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試於次環結構產生斷點圖。
第四(b)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試於次環結構產生斷點圖。
第四(c)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試有斷點光譜圖。
第四(d)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試有斷點光譜圖。
第五(a)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試於光纖感測器產生斷點圖。
第五(b)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試於光纖感測器產生斷點圖。
第五(c)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試有斷點光譜圖。
第五(d)圖為本發明實施例之系統測試有斷點光譜圖。
10．．．主環結構
20．．．次環結構
20’．．．次環結構
20”．．．次環結構
22．．．光纖感測器
24．．．遠端節點
26．．．光偶合器
30．．．中央控制室
32．．．光切換器
34．．．第一路徑
36．．．第二路徑
38．．．可調雷射光源
40．．．光迴旋元件
42．．．光譜分析儀

Claims (12)

  1. 一種具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，包括：一主環結構，該主環結構包含複數個相串連的次環結構串連以形成一主迴圈，各該次環結構包括：至少二光纖感測器，可接收及反射一光源訊號；以及一遠端節點，該遠端節點連接於該些光纖感測器，且該遠端節點具有一光偶合器，可使該光源訊號通過該光纖感測器以形成一次迴圈，該遠端節點並可連接相鄰之該次迴圈；以及一中央控制室，用以提供該光源訊號及一監測光源訊號，該中央控制室包括一可調雷射光源、一光迴旋元件及一光切換器，該光切換器具有二輸出端，並連接該主環結構，分別形成一第一路徑及一第二路徑，該光切換器可切換該光源訊號行進於該第一路徑或該第二路徑，該可調雷射光源發射該光源訊號，通過該光迴旋元件進入該光切換器，藉由該光切換器切換進入該第一路徑或該第二路徑。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，其中該中央控制室更包括一光譜分析儀，連接至該光迴旋元件。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，其中該光纖感測器係為光纖布拉格光柵(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，其中該可調雷射光源係以散佈形式傳遞到各該遠端節點，並透過該些遠端節點上之該光偶合器，發送到各該光纖感測器上。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，其中 各該光纖感測器具有反射功能，當該可調雷射光源發出之該光源訊號均會被各該光纖感測器偵測並量測，若該主環結構及該次環結構無任何斷點，該中央控制室可完整偵測到該光纖感測器所反射之訊號。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，當該光源訊號由該第一路徑行進，於該主環結構遇到斷點時，該光切換器會自動切換至該第二路徑繼續進行感測。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，其中該中央控制室藉由判讀該第一路徑及該第二路徑之通過該光纖感測器行徑，進行判斷該斷點位置。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，當該光源訊號由該第一路徑行進，於該次環結構遇到斷點時，該光切換器會自動切換至第二路徑繼續進行感測。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，其中該中央控制室藉由判讀該第一路徑及該第二路徑之通過該光纖感測器行徑，進行判斷該斷點位置。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，當該光源訊號由該第一路徑行進，其中之一光纖感測器損壞，產生斷點，該光切換器會自動切換至第二路徑繼續進行感測。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，藉由判讀該第一路徑及該第二路徑之通過該光纖感測器行徑，該中央控制室可判斷損壞之光纖感測器。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之具有自我感測機制之光纖感測系統，其中 該可調雷射光源為可調鉺光纖雷射(Tunable Erbium-Fiber Laser)。
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