TW202041196A - Finger-wearing physiological detection device capable of obtaining physiological signals at different finger portions and achieving the balance between maximum contact stability and high quality physiological signals - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a finger-wearing physiological detection device, which comprises a non-flexible portion and a flexible portion, wherein by the flexible portion, the non-flexible portion may be disposed on a finger to obtain the applied force toward the center direction of the crossed section of the finger and achieve stable contact between at least one light emitting source and at least one optical detector on the non-flexible portion and the finger. Moreover, by the flexible portion, the non-flexible portion may be disposed on the upper or lower half portion of the crossed section of the finger according to different requirements, so as to obtain different physiological information of blood.

Description

Finger-wearing physiological detection device

The present invention relates to a finger-worn physiological detection device, in particular, to a finger-worn physiological detection device that can obtain physiological signals from different positions of the finger.

The blood physiological information obtained from the finger can be used to understand many physiological conditions of the human body, such as blood oxygen concentration, heart rate, etc., and is commonly used in many physiological monitoring equipment, such as patient monitoring, multiple sleep physiological examinations (PSG), sleep Screening for respiratory arrest, and many wearable physiological health monitoring devices.

The main problem of today's finger-worn light sensing devices is how to fix them, and how to make the user feel comfortable and obtain stable signal quality when worn for a long time. The most common type of probe used in conventional finger-worn light sensing devices is the clip-on probe shown in Figure 1A-1B, which uses mechanical clamping force or elasticity to fix the probe to the fingertip, but as known, there must be a certain amount of Fixing force to ensure the contact between the light sensor and the fingertip skin. After long-term use, it is easy to cause the fingertip blood to not circulate. Even if a soft and elastic part is provided inside the finger clip, this situation can only Part of the improvement, coupled with the placement of the fingertips, it is easier to fall off due to hand movements, so it is usually used for short-term measurements.

Another light sensor probe is the ring type probe described in CN106236106A, which uses elastic materials to form a ring to provide fingers and parts of different thicknesses, and also makes a part of the ring thinner. Achieve the effect of maintaining the ring on fingers of different thicknesses. Although this design has greatly improved the shortcomings of the conventional clip-on probe, there are still areas that need improvement. For example, the ring has reserved space in order to adapt to different thick and thin fingers. Insufficient set stability and easy to loosen. In addition, the setting positions of the signal generating sensor and the signal receiving sensor are easy to change positions due to the thickness of the finger. It is difficult to ensure that the contact between the sensor and the skin can reach the ideal state during each measurement. , So there is uncertainty in measurement.

Another is the ring-type physiological information monitoring device as described in CN100518630C. Figure 1-11 in the text reveals that the elastic finger support belt is not only adjustable in length, but also used to set the light-emitting device and the receiving device, and the hidden concerns of such a setting method However, when the length is adjusted through the support belt, the setting stability of the light-emitting device and/or the receiving device will be affected. For example, when the elastic belt body is stretched and deformed, the light-emitting/receiving device on it and the finger Contact is affected, resulting in unstable signal quality.

Therefore, there is indeed a need for a finger-worn physiological device that not only retains the advantages of the conventional technology, but also improves its lack.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a finger-worn physiological detection device, which has an adjustable finger-worn structure that can adapt to fingers of different sizes, and at the same time has a fine-tuning function, which can further adapt to the dynamically changing finger circumference over time. The carried physiological sensing element is applied with slight pressure towards the skin of the finger to achieve a balance between maximum contact stability and high-quality physiological signals.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a finger-worn physiological detection device, which can achieve the effect of obtaining physiological information on different parts of the finger through the design of the overall structure.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a finger-wearing physiological device and system. The finger-wearing structure is flexible and not easy to fall off. It is suitable for use during sleep, and can be used for evaluation and/or improvement in conjunction with the obtained physiological signals. Sleep breathing disorder.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a finger-worn physiological detection device, which includes an inflexible part and a flexible part, wherein the inflexible part can be set on a finger through the flexible part, Obtain the force toward the center of the cross section of the finger, and achieve stable contact between the at least one light source and the at least one light detector on the inflexible part and the finger, and through the flexible part, the inflexible The song part can also be set according to different needs Use the upper or lower half of the cross section of the finger to obtain different blood physiological information.

100‧‧‧Shell

101‧‧‧First free end

102‧‧‧Second free end

103‧‧‧Cylinder

1031‧‧‧Positioning limit

104‧‧‧Locating hole

105‧‧‧Hole

201‧‧‧Devil felt surface

202‧‧‧Devil felt hook surface

300‧‧‧Accommodation space

400‧‧‧Flexible part

401‧‧‧Combination hole

402‧‧‧Combined cylinder

4021‧‧‧Combination limit

403‧‧‧Combination

500‧‧‧Light Sensor

601‧‧‧Anti-dropping parts

700‧‧‧Finger

701‧‧‧Vessel

702‧‧‧phalanges

81‧‧‧Infrared light source

82‧‧‧Red light source

83‧‧‧Green Light Source

90, 91, 92‧‧‧Light detector

Figures 1A-1B show a finger-worn light sensing probe of the prior art; Figure 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a finger-worn physiological detection device according to this case; Figures 3A-3B show a schematic diagram of an adjustable finger-worn physiological detection device according to an embodiment of this case Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of an adjustable finger-wearing physiological detection device according to another embodiment of the present case; Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of an adjustable finger-wearing physiological detection device according to another embodiment of the present case; Figure 6A-6H and Figure 7A-7B Shows possible implementations of combining the flexible part and the inflexible part according to the preferred embodiment of the present case; Figures 8A-8B show the arrangement of the optical sensor on the inflexible part according to the preferred embodiment of the present case; 9A-9C show the implementation schematic diagrams of the inflexible parts being arranged on different knuckles according to the preferred embodiment of this case; Figure 10 shows the distribution of blood vessels in the hand; Figures 11A-11C show the arrangement of the inflexible parts according to the preferred embodiment of this case Implementation schematic diagrams at different parts of the finger; Figures 12A-12C show possible implementations of the light source and the photodetector in the light sensor according to the preferred embodiment of the present case; and Figure 13 shows the PPG signal and its time domain characteristics.

Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic circuit diagram of the finger-worn physiological detection device according to this case.

First of all, the physiological detection device according to the present invention includes at least one light sensor, which is electrically connected to a control unit and operated under the control of the control unit to obtain blood physiological information.

As shown in Figure 2, all the components in the physiological detection device are connected to the control unit, where the control unit includes at least one microcontroller/microprocessor and is preloaded with programs to control the hardware components. Communication, the control unit can achieve different hardware components and connect to the physiological Detect the signal transmission between the external application program/external device of the device, and it also allows the behavior of the device to be programmed to respond to different operating conditions, and the microcontroller/microprocessor also uses the internal timer (not shown) Display) to generate a time stamp or time difference, or to control operations.

In this case, a light sensor refers to a sensor that has both a light-emitting source, such as an LED, and a light detector, such as a photodiode, and as well known, it uses PPG (photoplethysmography, Light volume change tracing chart) principle, the light emitted by the light source enters the human tissue, and the light detector will receive the light penetrating the blood in the blood vessel or reflected by the blood, and then obtain the light through the volume change caused by the blood. The blood physiological signal can be obtained, so the blood physiological signal obtained by the light sensor is generally called the PPG signal. The PPG signal includes the fast-moving component (AC Component), which reflects the contraction of the myocardium transmitted through the artery. The pulse wave and the slow-moving component (DC Component, DC component) reflect the slower changes in tissue blood volume, such as breathing, chest and abdomen fluctuations, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity; in addition, through the analysis of PPG signal also Physiological information such as blood vessel hardness and blood pressure can be obtained; moreover, through physiological experiments, it is known that the PPG pulse wave can be analyzed in the frequency domain to obtain the harmonic resonance of the viscera and the heart rate, so the pulse wave can be harmonized. Wave resonance distribution is used in the diagnosis of Chinese medicine and the monitoring of human blood circulation. For example, the liver and liver meridians are related to the first harmonic of the heartbeat frequency, the kidneys and kidney meridians are related to the second harmonic of the heartbeat frequency, and the spleen and spleen meridians are related to the heartbeat. The third harmonic of the frequency is related, the fourth harmonic of the heartbeat frequency of the lung and lungs is related, and the fifth harmonic of the heartbeat frequency of the stomach and stomach is related.

Generally speaking, the blood physiological information that can be obtained varies according to the type and quantity of light-emitting sources and light detectors included in the light sensor. For example, the light sensor may include at least one light-emitting source For example, an LED or a plurality of LEDs, preferably green/infrared/red light, and at least one light detector to obtain blood physiological information such as pulse rate/heart rate and respiratory, chest and abdomen fluctuations; wherein, in the measurement For pulse rate/heart rate, green light and visible light with a wavelength below green, such as blue light and white light, are currently the main light sources used for heart rate measurement, and the main focus is on the interpretation of the AC component. In addition, the fluctuations in the chest and abdomen The effect of blood is, When a person breathes, the pressure in the chest cavity (the so-called intrathoracic pressure) changes with each breath. When inhaling, the chest cavity expands and the intrathoracic pressure decreases, thus drawing air into the lungs. During exhalation, the intrathoracic pressure increases and forces air out of the lungs. These changes in intrathoracic pressure will also cause changes in the amount of blood returning to the heart through the veins and the amount of blood entering the arteries from the heart, and this part of the change can It is known by analyzing the DC component of the PPG signal.

Alternatively, the light sensor may also include at least two light-emitting sources, for example, a plurality of LEDs, preferably, green light/infrared light/red light, and at least one light detector to obtain the blood oxygen concentration (SPO2) Physiological information of blood, pulse rate/heart rate, and breathing chest and abdomen fluctuations, among them, when measuring blood oxygen concentration, two different wavelengths of light are required to enter the tissues, using oxygenated heme (HbO2) and non-oxygen in the blood Heme (Hb) has different absorption levels for two wavelengths of light. After receiving the transmitted and reflected light, the result of the comparison between the two can determine the blood oxygen concentration. Therefore, the measurement of blood oxygen concentration is usually for light There are more restrictions on the location of the sensor. The position where light can actually penetrate the artery is better, such as fingers, palm inner surface, toe, sole, etc., and two different wavelengths can be, for example, red Light and infrared light, or two wavelengths of green light, such as green light with wavelengths of 560 nm and 577 nm, respectively. Therefore, suitable light sources can be selected according to requirements without limitation.

The wavelength range of the above-mentioned various light sources is that the wavelength of red light is approximately between 620nm and 750nm, the wavelength of infrared light is approximately greater than 750nm, and the wavelength of green light is approximately between 495nm and 580nm. When used for measurement, it is usually used, For example, the wavelength of red light is 660nm, the wavelength of infrared light is 895nm, 880nm, 905nm or 940nm, and the wavelength of green light is 510~560nm or 577nm. However, it should be noted that in actual use, depending on the purpose of use, it can also be used. The use of light sources of other wavelengths, for example, when you only want to obtain the heart rate, other visible light sources with a wavelength less than green light, that is, visible light with a wavelength less than 580nm, such as blue light, is also one of the options, and, in addition to using specific wavelengths In addition to a single light source, a composite light source containing this wavelength can also be used, such as white light; in addition, in order to obtain the heart rate, in order to eliminate noise, such as environmental noise, noise generated by body movements during wearing, etc. Multiple light sources can be set (and the wavelength is not limited, all can be It is green light, and other wavelengths of light sources can also be used), and through the PPG signals obtained by different light sources, through digital signal processing, such as adaptive filters (Adaptive Filter) or mutual subtraction calculations to achieve noise elimination There is no limit to the purpose.

The control unit also includes at least an analog front end (AFE) circuit for obtaining physiological signals to perform, for example, analog-to-digital conversion, amplification, filtering, and various other applications known to those with ordinary knowledge in the field. The signal processing hardware and/or software, as this is a conventional content, so I will not repeat it.

In addition, the finger-worn physiological detection device according to the present case may also include a wireless transmission module, such as Bluetooth, BLE, Zigbee, WiFi, RF or other communication protocols, and/or a USB interface to communicate with an external device. Wireless communication, where the external devices may include, but are not limited to, smart phones, tablets, laptops, personal computers, or smart wearable devices, such as smart watches, smart bracelets, smart glasses, etc., and wireless communication This allows information to be exchanged between devices, and also enables operations such as information feedback, remote control, and monitoring.

Furthermore, the finger-worn physiological detection device according to the present case may also include a power module, for example, a button cell, an alkaline battery, or a rechargeable lithium battery, or, alternatively, a charging module For example, an inductive charging circuit, or, optionally, a USB port or a pogo pin for charging; in addition, optionally, the finger-worn physiological detection device according to this case may also include an information providing unit , Preferably, an LCD or LED display element to display, for example, statistical information, analysis results, stored events, operation modes, progress, battery status, or more information; and finger-worn physiological testing according to this case The device may also include a data storage unit, preferably, a memory, for example, a random access memory (RAM), or an internal flash memory, or a removable memory disk to store the acquired Physiological signals/information.

In addition, it should be noted that, generally speaking, finger-worn physiological detection devices can be divided into two types. One is that the control unit and the light sensor are separately arranged in different housings, and the electrical connection is formed through a connecting wire. The connection form, the other is the form in which the control unit and the light sensor fall in the same housing, and in the following description of this case, the structure changes and operating behaviors are included. Content is applicable to both types without limitation.

Next, the finger-worn physiological detection device according to the present case further includes a finger-worn structure for disposing the light sensor on the finger, so that the at least one light sensor can be stably disposed on the finger skin surface , Thereby ensuring the acquisition of blood physiological information.

As mentioned above, this case not only hopes to improve the comfort when wearing, but also hopes to provide a physiological testing device that can actively respond to different use needs to achieve the purpose of being able to use all-weather. Therefore, according to the overall structure of the physiological testing device in this case And the internal component configuration has a different design from the conventional technology.

First of all, in terms of the overall structure, this case preferably divides the ring into two parts: an inflexible part and a flexible part. Among them, the inflexible part is used to carry the light sensor, and the flexible part It is used to fix the inflexible part on the finger. The reason for adopting such a configuration is described as follows: As we all know, a closed circle or an open C-shape is the shape that the ring of a general ring usually adopts. Although the cross-section of the human finger is not a perfect circle, when the ring is only When it is used as a decoration, it is only necessary to ensure that the ring does not fall off. The shape matching between the two is not absolutely necessary. However, when the light sensor is further formed into the ring shape, the shape mismatch between the two will cause Greatly adverse effects.

For example, when choosing the size of a hard ring, the most important thing to consider is that it can pass through the joints of the fingers. Many people use the difference in the circumference between the joint and the non-joint part to prevent the ring from falling off when wearing the ring. When the ring passes through the joints, it is very common that the ring surrounds the knuckles in a looser state, but this is the most undesirable situation when performing physiological measurements, because, in general, light sensing The smaller the gap between the sensor and the skin, the better the signal obtained, and it is especially preferable that, according to research, if a slight pressure can be applied to the light sensor to make it more closely to the skin, the Better results can be achieved; in addition, human fingers may change different sizes at any time with different physiological conditions. For example, body circulation, fattening, and thinning may affect the size of the finger's finger circumference. For example, as we all know, Even within the same day, fingers around can be There can be significant changes. Therefore, the inflexibility of a general hard ring cannot adapt to the dynamically changing finger circumference, nor can it adjust the pressure in contact with the skin, and it is difficult to obtain a stable and good signal. This is the reason why the conventional ring-type physiological detection device provides a wide range of product sizes to choose from, but it is difficult to ensure the stability of the light sensor and the quality of the signal obtained.

Accordingly, this case uses a flexible part and an adjustable ring design to solve this problem.

Please refer to FIGS. 3A-3B, which are schematic diagrams of an adjustable finger-wearing physiological detection device according to an embodiment of the present case. It has free ends, a first free end 101 and a second free end 102, that is, when When it is not set on the finger, it presents an open ribbon shape. When it is to be set on the finger for measurement, it can form a ring body through the mutual combination of the first free end and the second free end to cover On the fingers; therefore, at least a part of the finger-wearing structure, especially the first free end and the second free end that need to be bent to form a ring, will be made of flexible materials, for example, Silicone, rubber, bendable plastic, cloth, etc., there are no restrictions. In addition to being able to adapt to the bending of the fingers, it can also exert force on the fingers through the elasticity and/or stretchability of the material itself, which is helpful for fixing and light perception. The setting of the detector.

In this case, the arc formed by the flexible part can be different from the inflexible part, so it is not limited to the fixed shape of the traditional hard ring, which is generally a perfect circle, so it is very helpful to improve the whole ring and the finger The degree of conformity between the surfaces, in addition, the non-joint parts of the fingers are inherently deformable under force, which allows the elasticity of the flexible parts to show the greatest adaptability.

Then, in order to enable the first free end and the second free end to be combined with each other to form a ring body, the first free end and the second free end are provided with mutually matched adjustment mechanisms, a first adjustment mechanism and a second free end. The second adjustment mechanism, as shown in Figures 3A-3B and 4, the first free end has a positioning element, and the second free end has a plurality of positioning structures. Therefore, when the positioning element and the positioning structure are combined with each other , The finger-wearing structure can form a ring.

The advantage of this design is that when the positioning piece is combined with positioning structures at different positions At this time, the ring body formed is different in size and has different surrounding circumferences. In this way, the effect of adjusting the ring body size is produced, and it can be adapted to different finger sizes, for example, different fingers of the same user. Either the fingers of different users, or the same finger at different times, so there is no need to be limited to the size that has been purchased, which is quite advantageous.

Therefore, through the use of the adjustable ring body and the flexible material, the adjustable finger-wearing structure according to this case can not only complete the configuration of the light sensor, but also naturally The finger generates a force toward the center of the cross section of the finger, so that the light sensor can stably fit the skin of the finger, which is a very advantageous way.

There are various possible implementations of the positioning member and the positioning structure. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, the belt of the adjustable finger-wearing structure is implemented with a plurality of holes, wherein at least one pillar 103 is provided as a positioning member on the first free end 101, The hole on the second free end 102 is used as a positioning hole 104, and, optionally, the front end of the at least one column passing through the positioning hole may further have a positioning limiting portion 1031 having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the positioning hole Width to help fix the at least one column. Therefore, through the at least one column passing through the positioning hole on the second free end, the adjustable finger-wearing structure can form a ring to fit on the finger And by passing the at least one cylinder through different positioning holes, a ring with different circumference sizes can be achieved, which is quite convenient in operation and use. Among them, the at least one cylinder can be implemented in plural for better The fixing and positioning effect of, and the shape is not limited, for example, it can be a column, a corner column, a square column and other shapes, and the at least one positioning hole can also have various shapes, so there is no limitation.

In addition, the first free end can also be implemented with holes 105 distributed. In this way, the at least one column can be implemented in a removable form. As shown in the figure, the column is implemented as a buckle in the hole. The form provides the possibility for the user to adjust the position by himself. In addition, it also gives the two straps a symmetrical appearance and enhances the aesthetics. At the same time, multiple holes also help to improve the air permeability and increase the comfort.

In addition, it can be further implemented to provide additional holes 105 outside the positioning holes to further achieve the effect of increasing the air permeability, especially the hands are frequently active parts, in addition to clothing In addition to the performance and sampling effect, it is also necessary to consider various problems that may be encountered during long-term wearing. This way of reducing the contact area between the strap and the skin can indeed effectively reduce the sultry sensation that may occur when wearing it. In addition, such an embodiment is suitable for various materials, such as silicone, rubber, fabric, etc., so it is a quite advantageous choice; in addition, it can also provide the effect of fine-tuning the structure of the finger wear, because the setting of the holes can make the belt The limiting force in the longitudinal axis of the body becomes smaller, so in addition to the effect of flexibility, an additional effect of elastic expansion and contraction in a small range is produced. This effect helps to make the finger-wearing structure more suitable for the fingers, which is also equivalent to The light sensor carried by the inflexible part can be closer to the skin more stably, especially to achieve the best effect of slight pressure on the light sensor, and the size of the formed ring can be more adapted to the size of the finger in daily life The slight changes that may occur in life.

Among them, in particular, there are certain differences based on the size of different fingers and the size of the fingers of different users, just as the ring on the market is subdivided into multiple sizes, and the smaller cross-sectional circumference of the fingers makes it possible to The adjustment range is also small. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment of this case, the diameter of each hole and the distance between adjacent holes have their optimal range. For example, preferably, the diameter of the hole is between 0.5- The distance between the adjacent holes is preferably between 2-3 mm between the center of the circle and the center of the circle. The applicant has found through experiments that such a distance configuration can have no gap It is suitable for fingers of various sizes.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the positioning member and the positioning structure are implemented as the devil felt felt surface 201 and the devil felt hook surface 202 on the belt body of the adjustable finger-wearing structure. In addition to the segmented form as shown in the figure, it can also be continuously installed. For example, a section of wool surface can be set, or the belt body can be directly formed by using a fabric with a wool surface effect. No matter what form is adopted, it can be adapted The effect of fingers of various sizes is therefore not limited. Moreover, in one embodiment, it is preferable that the belt body can be further implemented to be made of a stretchable fabric, for example, a cloth containing Lycra fiber. The fabric itself provides a small range of expansion and contraction effect, which also helps to make the finger-wearing structure more fit the finger, helps to minimize the gap between the light sensor and the skin, and then achieves the best light pressure And furthermore, in one embodiment, a hole can be opened in the cloth, and the housing can be fixed by snapping into it. To achieve the effect of simplifying the manufacturing process.

Here, it should be noted that the above-mentioned implementation of the flexible part is only used as an example, not as a limitation. Any flexible finger-wearing structure that can adjust the size of the ring body and has elasticity is all The scope of claims in this case is not limited.

On the other hand, in this case, in addition to using a flexible part to achieve any change in the size of the ring body and provide a stable and fixed bonding force, and a stretchable elasticity to achieve the effect of slight pressure on the light sensor, it also uses a The flexure part, such as the housing 100 shown in Figs. 3A-3C and Fig. 4, firstly provides protection, for example, can prevent the light sensor, circuit, etc. from being damaged by pressure, and secondly provides a light source and light detector The relative position between the optical sensor and the finger can be evenly distributed through the rigid characteristic, so that the contact between the light sensor and the finger is more even and stable, thereby avoiding the even distribution of the centripetal force generated by the flexible part. For example, when the conventional technology is installed on the flexible part, the contact surface may be unstable.

First of all, in response to the design of the finger-wearing structure with a flexible part, the light source and the light detector arranged in the inflexible part in this case are arranged adjacent to each other, as shown in Figures 12A-12C, if the distance is less than 8mm, and preferably set on the same plane. In this way, no matter how the size of the ring body is changed, the relative position between the light-emitting source and the photodetector will not change, which can improve the possibilities in the prior art. The potential uncertainty of displacement due to changes in finger size also makes sampling stability much higher.

Here, it should be noted that the sampling method in which the light-emitting source and the light detector are arranged adjacently is the so-called reflection sampling method mentioned above. However, as mentioned above, the number of light-emitting sources and/or light detectors used in this case It can be plural. Therefore, depending on the arrangement, the light emission and reception angles will be different. There are various possible implementations, so as long as the light-emitting source and the light detector are arranged adjacently, and each light-emitting source and light A light barrier is required between the detectors to prevent the light from the luminous source from leaking directly to the photodetector without passing through the human body, causing the output signal to saturate easily. This is the scope of this case and is not limited The contents of the examples listed in this article.

There are many possibilities for the combination of the flexible part and the inflexible part. In one embodiment, the finger-wearing structure is implemented to have an accommodating space 300, as shown in FIG. 5, to accommodate a housing 100, and the housing is provided with the light sensor and the control unit , And other circuit components, in this way, through the hardness of the housing, the accommodating space and the housing form an inflexible part, wherein the housing can be implemented with an internal space to accommodate circuit components The form can also be implemented as a form of a hard case formed by filling the circuit with reconfigurable materials such as resin, and optionally, the case can be implemented as a removable form; or, further, it can be As shown in FIG. 9A, the accommodating space is implemented to engage with the outer structure of the casing of the inflexible part to achieve the effect of position limitation and fixation. Therefore, there is no limitation.

In addition, the first free end and the second free end can also be implemented to be combined with opposite sides of the housing. In this way, the housing alone forms the inflexible part. In this case, there are also many may.

For example, in one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6A-6H, the cross-sectional view of the flexible part and the inflexible part and the schematic diagram of the flexible part can be achieved by using the coupling hole 401 and the coupling post 402. 6A-6D, the coupling cylinder is implemented on a shell 100 of the inflexible part, and the coupling hole is implemented on the flexible part 400, Therefore, the flexible part can be fixed to the shell by passing the coupling cylinder on the housing through the coupling hole on the flexible part; in addition, in FIGS. 6E-6H, the coupling The column is carried by an additional coupling member 403. In this case, the housing and the flexible part will have corresponding holes for the coupling column to pass through and Achieve a fixed effect, for example, the use of material and structure to achieve mutual tight fit and mutual interference effects, and the coupling part in addition to passing through the coupling hole from left to right as shown in Figure 6E-6H, also It can be implemented as crossing from the right to the left of the figure, without limitation.

And in particular, the coupling cylinder and the coupling hole are arranged in such a way that the long axis direction of the coupling cylinder is approximately parallel to the normal direction of the surface of the finger wearing part, and the hole of the coupling hole is in the flexible The surface formed on the curved part is the normal line of the surface of the finger The direction is approximately vertical, and in this way, whether it is combined or separated from each other can be easily achieved, which is an advantageous choice.

In addition, the front end of the coupling cylinder passing through the coupling hole may further have a coupling limiting portion 4021 having a width greater than the diameter of the coupling hole to help the positioning and fixing of the coupling cylinder, for example, an L penalty (Figure 6C) or T-shape (Figure 6A), or other shapes (Figure 6E, 6G); and the combination of materials has a larger selection range, for example, hard materials such as metal and plastic can be used. The hardness is adjusted to a relatively soft material, such as rubber, silicone, etc.; in addition, the coupling hole and the coupling cylinder can be implemented in various shapes, such as circular, square, polygonal, asymmetrical, etc., so there is no limitation.

Alternatively, other forms can also be used to achieve the combination between the two. For example, FIG. 7A shows a case where a sliding groove is used, and FIG. 7B shows a case where an engaging part is used. For example, a rotating shaft, such as a metal rotating shaft, can be used. Snap with the shells on both sides; in addition, the combination between the two can be completed while manufacturing through the design of the structure, for example, the shell can be divided into upper and lower parts, and the belt body can be directly sandwiched between the upper and lower parts. Between the two parts, the way of embedding and exiting can also be used to achieve the combination between the band and the shell.

Moreover, the various coupling structures described above can be implemented on both sides of the housing, can also be implemented on a single side, or different coupling structures can be used on both sides respectively. Therefore, there can be various possibilities, and even according to the aforementioned embodiments. Derivative structural changes, as long as the combination and fixation between the two can be achieved are also within the scope of this case and are not limited.

Still further, preferably, the inflexible portion can be implemented to have a concave surface to be close to the ergonomic structure of the finger, that is, the outer circumference of the transverse plane at the position where the finger is set, for example, the concave surface and The outer periphery of the cross-sectional surface of the finger overlaps at least partially, and the overlapped part at least includes the position where the light sensor is arranged. In this way, the light sensor arranged on the inflexible part can be formed by the concave surface. It is more smoothly close to the surface of the finger, which makes the acquisition of physiological information more stable.

Here, the concave surface is not limited to any form, for example, it can be arc, polygon, Irregular shapes, etc., are all feasible, and, preferably, the concave surface is provided at the position where the photo sensor 500 is further changed in shape, for example, it can be implemented locally as a plane (FIG. 8A) or a protrusion ( Figure 8B), etc., to enhance the conformability and contact stability of the light sensor with the skin, and also improve the quality of the sampling signal. Therefore, the important point is that the space formed by the concave can accommodate a finger, and the light sensor disposed on the concave surface can achieve stable contact with the finger, so it is not limited to the shapes listed above.

When the inflexible part is implemented to have a concave surface, in addition to common flat batteries, such as rectangular batteries, button batteries, in one embodiment, preferably, curved batteries can also be used , More in line with the curvature of the finger, will help reduce the thickness of the inflexible part.

When the inflexible part is implemented as a concave surface, preferably, the curvature formed by the concave surface can adapt to different finger sizes, for example, different fingers of the same user, or fingers of different users For example, you can choose the size distribution of the general ring that falls in the middle of the larger range, for example, the size of the US ring size 10-12, and use this arc as the basis to change, and then cooperate with the light sensing The sensor is set in a single position, for example, in the middle of the concave surface. In this way, the larger middle size can not only ensure the thicker finger size can be inserted, but also allow the light sensor The inflexible part of the sigma can reach a good contact with the thinner finger, which helps to expand the range of applicable finger sizes.

In addition, the long-axis length of the inflexible part of the concave surface, that is, the radius of the outer circumference of the cross-sectional surface of the finger, is also very important. For example, too large coverage may result in an adaptable finger size range If the coverage is too small, the sense of stability and positioning may be reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to select, for example, a range of about 180 degrees, or a range of about 120 degrees, or a range of about 90 degrees covering the outer circumference of the cross-sectional surface of the finger , Or the suitable range between 60-210 degrees, there is no limit.

Therefore, as long as the shape and volume of the inflexible part of the shell are suitable for finger ergonomics, even if a rigid shell such as plastic is used, the flexible ring body size of the finger-wearing structure can be used. Adjustable and flexible to fine-tune the degree of conformity and set it on the surface of the finger, which is also quite advantageous for manufacturing.

And equally feasible, the inflexible part can also be implemented without a concave surface, as shown in Figures 5 and 9A, in this case, as long as the bottom of the inflexible part can be limited to the range of the general finger width Inside, through the use advantage brought by the adjustable flexible part, it can also be adapted to different finger sizes, and the light sensor placed under it can also have good and stable contact with the finger , And obtain the required signal, and will not produce too much burden on the worn finger, therefore, all are feasible methods, and the following embodiment description mainly on the inflexible part with concave surface is also applicable There is no restriction on the inflexible part without a concave surface.

Furthermore, in order to allow light to enter the finger from the light source smoothly and be reflected back to the light detector, the material provided between the light sensor and the finger should be a light-transmissive material, that is, the wavelength of the light source emitted by the light source can be The penetrating material, for example, a transparent lens, a transparent packaging material, a part of a transparent housing, etc., is not limited.

On the other hand, since the physiological detection device in this case adopts a ring-like form around the fingers, the wearing position will generally fall on the phalanx where the proximal or middle phalanx is located, as shown in Figure 9A. However, it is not limited. , The size can be adjusted through the flexible part used in this case, and it can provide force towards the center of the cross section of the finger and slight elastic expansion, even if it is set at the phalanx of the distal phalanx, as shown in Figure 9B, It can also easily achieve a good fixation effect, and in order to further ensure the stability of the installation, when the finger-wearing structure is installed on the phalanx where the distal phalanx is located, the finger-wearing structure may further have an anti-dropping member 601, as shown in FIG. In order to provide a more comfortable experience; in addition, when it is placed on the fingertips, it is also preferable that in addition to the adjustable finger-wearing structure as illustrated in 3A-3B, a stretchable fabric can also be used As a flexible part, and using the hook surface and wool surface of the devil felt as the positioning member and positioning structure, the softness of the fabric can achieve a stable conformation effect. Therefore, there is no position restriction, and it can be used according to actual needs. And choose.

Furthermore, the finger-wearing structure can also be implemented in a replaceable form, for example, multiple finger-wearing structures can be combined with the same housing to replace with different belt lengths and/or with different adjustment mechanisms Etc., to adapt to the size difference of various fingers and finger positions in a wider range, such as the thickness difference between male and female fingers, the size difference between thicker and thinner fingers of the same user, and the phalanx where the proximal phalanx is located And the difference in the size of the knuckle where the distal phalanx is located. For example, in the form shown in Figures 6A-6H, the user can easily perform the combination and release of the flexible part and the inflexible part by manual operation. Therefore, the belts of different lengths can be replaced, and in particular, when such a structure that can be easily replaced is adopted, the inflexible part is implemented without two free ends, as shown in Figures 6C-6D and 6G-6H , But to provide multiple length options, and the user can choose the length most suitable for their finger size for installation, which is also a very advantageous form. Therefore, there are various possibilities, not limited by the illustrated embodiments.

According to the distribution of blood vessels in the finger (see Figure 10) and the cross-sectional views of the fingers in Figures 11A-11C, the distribution of arteries and blood vessels in the finger is located on both sides of the finger and toward the palm, that is, on the cross section of the finger. The bottom half.

In this case, if you want to obtain blood oxygen concentration and other physiological information, as mentioned above, light sources of two wavelengths can be used, for example, two wavelengths of green light, or infrared light and red light, which are preferably The light sensor is placed on the lower half of the cross section of the finger to ensure that the incident light and reflected light path pass through the artery to ensure that sufficient signal quality is obtained. On the other hand, if only the pulse rate/heart rate is required, then A single wavelength light source can be used, such as green light, infrared light, red light, etc., and it can be placed on the upper or lower half of the cross section of the finger, that is, the acquisition of blood oxygen concentration is strictly limited, except In addition to the two wavelength light sources, the light sensor needs to be placed on the lower half of the cross section of the finger close to the artery. On the other hand, the pulse rate/heart rate can be obtained by at least a single wavelength light source, and the sampling position The limitation is small, however, multiple or multiple wavelength light sources can be added to obtain better signal quality, so there is no limitation.

The two detection requirements with such huge differences are usually difficult to achieve with the same detection device in the conventional technology. However, through the adjustable finger-worn physiological detection device in this case, such a goal The target becomes feasible.

This is because the adjustable finger-wearing physiological detection device in this case is formed by a combination of an inflexible part and a flexible part that can adjust the size of the ring body. Therefore, it is advantageous that the inflexible part will be able to Different setting positions are changed according to the change of measurement requirements, that is, the measurement position is dynamically changed. Therefore, when the light source selection, configuration position, and operation mode are matched with each other, the above two measurements will be performed. Limited to a single measurement method, a finger-worn physiological detection device that can be used all-weather can be realized.

In actual use, for example, as shown in Figures 11A-11C, simply move the position of the inflexible part according to the type of physiological information to be obtained to obtain different physiological information. In this way, Whether it is the need to detect blood oxygen concentration or the need to detect other blood physiological information, it can be met. For example, when the blood oxygen concentration needs to be obtained, the inflexible part can be moved to make the light sensor fall on the artery. The position where the blood vessel 701 is located, that is, the lower half of the cross section of the finger 700, for example, rotate 90 degrees to the side (Figure 11A), or rotate a larger angle to the finger pad (Figure 11B) to make the light feel The detector can accurately obtain the signal from the position of the blood vessel. In addition, when it is desired to obtain other blood physiological information, such as the heart rate, the limitation of the sampling position becomes smaller, for example, the upper half of the cross section of the finger (Figure 11C). It is very convenient to obtain. Moreover, another possible situation is to move the position of the inflexible part according to the time of use, the type of signal to be obtained, and the difference in signal quality. For example, with the same index finger, The phalanx where the phalanx is located is a common place to obtain blood oxygen concentration, and even if the light sensor is placed on the upper half of the phalanx where the distal phalanx is located, the blood oxygen concentration may be obtained (Figure 9B, 9C), while the proximal phalanx The phalanx where the phalanx or middle phalanx is located is suitable for wearing during daily activities (Figure 9A).

Therefore, through the elasticity provided by the flexible part and the two free ends of which can adjust the joint position with each other and achieve the characteristics of dynamically adjusting the size of the ring body, no matter where the inflexible part is set on the finger, it can be obtained Good fixation also makes the adhesion between the light sensor and the skin stable and ensures the signal quality.

Therefore, the adjustable finger-wearing physiological detection device provided in this case realizes all-weather It is suitable for use and can obtain high-quality physiological signals and suitable physiological information targets. For example, during daytime activities, in order not to interfere with hand movements, the light sensor can be set on the upper half of the finger cross section to obtain Heart rate, etc., so that users can understand the physiological changes during the activity, and also facilitate the observation of various information provided by the information providing unit. Moreover, this shape is similar to a general ring, beautiful and unobtrusive, and is quite suitable for daily use. On the one hand, during sleep, there is less demand for hand movement, so even if the light sensor is placed on the lower half of the finger cross section or on the phalanx of the distal phalanx, there is no problem. At this time, in addition to the heart rate In addition, the blood oxygen concentration can be further obtained to learn more information related to sleep, for example, whether there are symptoms of sleep apnea during sleep and sleep quality.

Moreover, even if there is a need to monitor blood oxygen concentration during daytime activities, since the size of the formed ring can be adjusted freely, it can be measured by changing the configuration position. For example, when measuring heart rate, it is used to wear it on the ring finger, but there is blood. When oxygen concentration measurement is required, in addition to directly rotating down to the lower half of the finger for measurement, it can also be replaced on the index finger or thumb, using a larger space between the two fingers that does not affect the grasp of the hand. The inflexible part, for example, the index finger faces the side of the thumb, so that even long-term measurement is feasible, breaking the limitation of the time of use, and the thicker blood vessels in the index finger or thumb also have larger blood Flow rate can provide a signal with better S/N Ratio. In addition, if only a short time measurement is required, it can also be moved to the phalanx of the distal phalanx. This is also a feasible way, and only It can be easily completed by adjusting the bonding position of the belt body, which is quite advantageous.

Therefore, for users, it will be a portable physiological testing device that is easy to operate, convenient, and versatile.

Next, it describes how to configure the light source and light detector to maximize the use of the function.

Since the main goal of this case is to obtain the desired blood physiological information under any circumstances, how to select and configure the light source and how to set up the light detector becomes very important.

In one embodiment, the finger-worn physiological detection device in this case is implemented as a light source with three wavelengths at the same time. For example, the first light-emitting source generates light of a first wavelength, such as an infrared light source, and the second light-emitting source generates light of a second wavelength. , Such as a red light source, and a third light source to generate light of a third wavelength, such as a green light source. For example, Figures 5A-5C show the arrangement of three-wavelength light sources and photodetectors. Among them, in Figure 12A, a single The infrared light source 81 and the single red light source 82 and one of the light detectors 91 are used to obtain the blood oxygen concentration, while the green light source 83 is implemented as two, and the other light detector 92 is used to obtain the heart rate; in FIG. 12B , Each of an infrared light source 81, a red light source 82, and a green light source 83 and a single light detector 90 are used to obtain blood oxygen concentration and heart rate; in FIG. 12C, a single light detector 90 is used in addition to a single red light source 82 and a single infrared light source. The light source 81 not only obtains the blood oxygen concentration, but also obtains the heart rate with the three green light sources 83.

In other embodiments, the three-wavelength light source can also be implemented as other options. For example, the light of the first wavelength, the second wavelength, and the third wavelength are all implemented as green light, or the light of the first wavelength and the second wavelength It is implemented as green light and the light of the third wavelength is implemented as infrared light or red light, etc., so there is no limitation. Furthermore, the above arrangement of light-emitting sources and photodetectors is only used as an example, and can be implemented according to actual needs. There are also no restrictions on different arrangements.

It can be found from the above that the green light-emitting elements are implemented as multiple, for example, two or three light-emitting elements, and the advantage of such an arrangement is that since the heart rate measurement is mostly during daily activities, there is more There is a high probability that hand movements and shaking will affect the adhesion between the light sensor and the skin. Therefore, the arrangement of such multiple light-emitting elements can achieve the effect of further compensation. When the light emitted by one of the light-emitting elements cannot When it is reflected smoothly into the photodetector, there is another light-emitting element that can be used, or when multiple light-emitting elements can obtain signals, the reflection path can also be increased, which helps to obtain a good signal-to-noise ratio. High-quality signals, so no matter in terms of signal acquisition or physiological information, there is a positive help.

In another embodiment, it is implemented as a light source with two wavelengths, for example, red light and infrared light. As mentioned above, in addition to obtaining blood oxygen concentration, red light or infrared light can also be used to obtain heart rate, or It is implemented as two wavelengths of green light, which is also suitable for this case. It can be moved dynamically and inflexible. Novel implementation of part of the location.

In addition, in the selection of the photodetector, when detecting the blood oxygen concentration, because the environment contains other light sources, it is preferable that the photodetector receiving infrared light can be selected with a smaller size to avoid environmental light. On the other hand, the photodetector used to receive green light can choose a larger size to increase the effective reflected light, and further adopt a manufacturing process that can block other light sources, such as low-frequency infrared light, in order to achieve better performance. Signal with good S/N ratio.

Therefore, there can be various changes in the choice and quantity of the wavelength of the light source. As long as the effect of obtaining the required physiological information can be achieved, it is an implementable form without limitation.

Here, it should be noted that according to the blood vessel distribution of the hand in Fig. 10 and the cross-sectional view of the fingers in Fig. 11, the center of the finger is the phalanx 702, so when the heart rate is obtained when it is set on the upper half of the cross section of the finger For example, when using green light or infrared light, it is better to avoid the center position and set it on the left and right sides of the upper half of the finger with richer physiological tissues and higher blood flow to obtain signal noise comparison Good signal; In addition, it is preferable to arrange the multiple light-emitting sources in the direction parallel or perpendicular to the blood vessel, that is, the direction of the long axis of the finger, so that the path difference between different light sources through the blood vessel is reduced , Help to improve the signal quality.

Further, according to the finger-worn physiological detection device of the present case, in addition to using a light sensor to obtain blood physiological information, it can also be equipped with other physiological sensing elements to obtain other physiological information.

In one embodiment, the electrophysiological signal can be obtained by arranging electrodes to be electrically connected to the control unit. The electrodes can be arranged on the inner surface of the ring that contacts the finger or on the outer surface of the ring. For example, when When both the inner and outer electrodes are provided, by making the outer electrodes contact other parts of the body, such as the body, another upper limb, lower limbs, head, etc., the ECG signal measurement can be performed; when two electrodes are installed on the inner side , The skin signal can be obtained from the finger. In this case, the above-mentioned rotation action is particularly required, because the skin signal measures the skin impedance that changes with the state of the sweat glands determined by the activity of the sympathetic nerve in the autonomic nerve. The inner side has a rich distribution of sweat glands. In the case of fingers, it is the lower half of the cross section. Therefore, by rotating the electrode, you can freely rotate the electrode to the lower half of the cross section of the finger, which is more helpful for the skin. Extraction of skin signal.

Therefore, the finger-worn physiological detection device in this case can also be implemented to obtain different types of physiological signals according to the different installation positions of the inflexible part. For example, a light sensor is also provided on the inflexible part. And in the case of electrodes, blood physiological signals and electrophysiological signals can be obtained by changing positions, for example, heart rate can be obtained on the upper and lower half of the finger, and skin electrical signals can be obtained on the lower half of the finger, or, It can also obtain the blood oxygen concentration in the lower half of the finger, and obtain the ECG signal in the upper and lower half of the finger, etc.; in addition, it can also be used to obtain the ECG signal of different heart projection angles, for example, when it is inflexible When the part is set on the upper half of the finger, the other hand can touch the exposed electrode on the outside of the ring to capture the ECG signal to obtain the ECG signal of the heart projection angle formed by the two upper limbs, that is, the lead in the limb lead. Process I, and when it is placed on the lower half of the finger, it is more convenient to operate. The exposed electrode contacts the torso skin by touching the body torso by the hand wearing the device, so that the heart formed by the upper limbs and the torso can be obtained. Projection angle ECG signals, such as LA-V5 lead or LA-V6 lead, are all combinations that can be implemented and are quite helpful for daily physiological monitoring.

In another embodiment, a temperature sensor can also be provided to obtain the user's body temperature information and/or ambient temperature information. Especially when implemented in the form of a ring, the user has a high probability of using it in daily life. Therefore, it can be used to monitor daily body temperature changes, help users better understand their own physiological changes, or provide environmental temperature changes.

Here, it should be noted that the physiological information that can be obtained on the upper half of the finger includes, but is not limited to, heart rate/pulse rate, ECG information, myoelectric information, etc. The physiological signals that can be obtained on the lower half of the finger are Including, but not limiting, blood oxygen concentration, heart rate/pulse rate, skin electrical information, electrocardiographic information, myoelectric information, temperature, etc. Therefore, the above combination is only an example, not a limitation, and can be based on actual usage requirements. select.

In another embodiment, an accelerometer can be added, for example, a three-axis (MEMS) accelerometer to define the posture of the device in a three-dimensional space, and it is directly related to the user's body posture. Among them, The accelerometer will return the measurements in all three dimensions of x, y, and z According to these values, various postures and movement information can be derived. For example, in daily life, it can be used to record the user’s daily activities (actigraph), such as moving distance, step counting, calories Consumption, etc.; and during sleep, you can provide information about body movements by understanding the movement of the hands, such as turning over, whether you have fallen asleep, sleep status, etc., which is not only helpful for understanding the user’s physical state, It can also be used as an aid when interpreting other physiological signals. For example, an adaptive filter can be used to remove the noise generated by body movements in the PPG signal, so as to make more accurate judgments.

According to another conception, the finger-worn physiological detection device of this case is also quite suitable for use during sleep.

As mentioned earlier, according to the PPG signal obtained by the light sensor, blood physiological information such as pulse rate/heart rate, blood oxygen concentration, chest and abdomen breathing fluctuations can be obtained, and this blood information is also helpful to interpret many sleep periods For example, in the field of sleep research, a symptom that has received considerable attention is sleep-disordered breathing, and the blood physiological information provided by light sensors helps to understand sleep-disordered breathing.

One of the sleep apnea disorders is sleep apnea (Sleep Apnea), which generally has three types: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (Central Sleep Apnea, CSA), and mixed sleep Apnea (Mixed Sleep Apnea, MSA), hereinafter collectively referred to as Breathing Event (Breathing Event).

The main feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is that during sleep, due to complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway, the respiratory airflow decreases or stops for a period of time, and it is usually accompanied by a decrease in blood oxygen concentration (desaturation) OSA is a common sleep-disordered breathing, affecting about 25-40% of the middle-aged population.

Central sleep apnea (CSA) is caused by problems in the mechanism of the brain driving muscles to breathe, which makes the nerve drive of the breathing muscles stop for a short time, and these transients may range from 10 seconds to 2 to 3 minutes. Will last throughout the night, central sleep apnea, similar to obstructive sleep apnea, will cause gradual suffocation during sleep, resulting in Adults are briefly aroused from sleep and resume normal breathing at the same time. Similar to obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea can cause arrhythmia, high blood pressure, heart disease and heart failure And other diseases.

Mixed sleep apnea (MSA) refers to a situation where both obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea are mixed.

Apnea Hypoxia Index (AHI) is an indicator of the severity of sleep apnea, which combines the number of apnea (apnea) and hypopnea (hypopnea) to give a simultaneous assessment of sleep (breathing) interruption An overall sleep apnea severity score of the number of times and oxygen saturation (blood oxygen level), where AHI is calculated by dividing the total number of apneas and hypopnea events by the number of hours of sleep. Usually, the AHI value is divided into: 5-15 times per hour is mild, 15-30 times per hour is moderate, and >30 per hour is severe.

In addition to AHI, studies have confirmed that another important indicator for evaluating or detecting sleep apnea is the Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI), which refers to a certain degree of drop in blood oxygen level per hour from baseline during sleep. Generally speaking, ODI is expressed in two ways: the number of times oxygen saturation drops by 3% (ODI3%) and the number of times oxygen saturation drops by 4% (ODI4%). The difference between ODI and AHI is that AHI also includes Events that may cause sleep arousal (awaken) or awakening (arousal), but do not affect oxygen levels. Studies have confirmed that ODI has a certain correlation with AHI and sleep apnea and can be effectively used to diagnose OSA. ODI is calculated from blood oxygen concentration, so ODI is also a type of blood health information.

Most OSA patients will have more OSA events when lying on their back. This is because the upper airway is more susceptible to gravity and collapse when lying on their back. In the literature, it is officially diagnosed as postural OSA ( Positional OSA, POSA) is based on the fact that the difference between the AHI value when lying on the back and when not lying on the back is greater than a certain threshold. For example, one of the common definitions of POSA is that the AHI value when lying on the back is greater than that when lying on the back. The AHI value is more than twice; according to research, the prevalence of POSA decreases with the severity of OSA, and 70%~80% of POSA patients have mild to moderate The severity of OSA is high. Among them, up to 87% of patients with mild OSA in Asia can be classified as POSA patients.

Another common sleep breathing disorder is snoring, which affects 20% to 40% of the total population. This noise-producing symptom is caused by the vibration of the soft tissues when the upper respiratory tract airflow passes through during sleep. OSA and severe snoring have been Studies have confirmed that it is highly correlated with many clinical symptoms, such as daytime sleepiness, depression, the formation of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, etc. Among them, snoring is the most common symptom that accompanies OSA, and snoring is also It is generally considered to be a precursor to the occurrence of OSA. Based on the fact that both causes are related to the physiological phenomenon of upper respiratory tract stenosis, sleeping posture also affects the severity of snoring symptoms.

According to research, with the progression of upper respiratory tract stenosis, it is usually the case that snoring symptoms related to sleeping postures occur first, and when it is more serious, snoring is prone to occur even when not lying on your back, and begins to develop into a mild one. OSA, and the correlation between the occurrence of snoring and sleep posture has gradually decreased. Furthermore, the severity of OSA has also changed from mild to moderate related to sleep posture, and finally becomes a severe situation that is less related to sleep posture.

Sleep positional training (SPT) is a method to treat POSA and postural snoring. In recent years, a new generation of posture training devices has been developed, which can be set on the central axis of the body, such as the neck, chest or abdomen. A posture sensor, such as an acceleration sensor, generates a weak vibration warning when it detects that the user’s sleeping posture is lying on his back, prompting the user to change his sleeping posture to avoid lying on his back. Through many studies The report pointed out that through this simple but effective treatment, patients can be prevented from lying on their backs during sleep, thereby greatly reducing the number of OSA events.

However, there is still room for improvement in such training methods. For example, because patients with OSA or snoring have different degrees of severity and individual physiological differences, before training, if an evaluation function can be provided, it can provide targeted Training programs and expected information about training effects. In addition, if sleep and breathing information can also be provided during SPT, the device's parameter settings can also be adjusted to achieve the purpose of improving training effects.

The finger-worn physiological detection device in this case, as mentioned above, not only can obtain the blood oxygen concentration to calculate the ODI value, but also cause relative slow heartbeat due to obstructive sleep apnea. The increase in PPG pulse wave amplitude, as well as the rapid increase in heart rate and strong vasoconstriction that occur immediately after the end of respiratory obstruction, and according to research, there have been reports that, for patients with sleep disordered breathing, compared to heart rate ( HR/PPI) changes. Respiratory events and awakening have more changes in PWA and/or PA.

Among them, as shown in Figure 13, PPI refers to the Peak-to-peak interval: it is defined as the time difference between two consecutive peaks in the PPG signal. First, detect the peak value (Peak.amp) of each cycle of the PPG signal, and store the time stamps of all Peak.amp points in the array buffer. PPI is calculated as the time difference between consecutive Peak.amp points, in order to obtain For accurate results, a reasonable range of PPI value can be set. For example, PPI<0.5 second (>120 times/minute) or PPI>1.5 seconds (<40 times/minute) is considered abnormal and removed.

PWA refers to the pulse wave amplitude (Pulse wave amplitude): it is defined as the difference between the peak amplitude (Peak.amp) and the valley amplitude (Valley.amp), Peak.amp and Valley.amp are the maximum of each PPG cycle And the minimum amplitude point. First, all Peak.Amp and Valley.amp points are detected as the local maximum and minimum points of the PPG signal. If there is a lack of Peak.amp points, the following Valley.amp points are also discarded. Finally, through the slave Calculate PWA by subtracting Valley.amp from the immediately preceding Peak.amp. Since Peak.amp and Valley.amp points are only tested in pairs, otherwise they will be discarded. Therefore, there will be no error in the PWA value due to missing one of the values. In addition, if there are any abnormal Peak.amp points, the PPI feature extraction is used The filtering procedure mentioned in to exclude them.

PA refers to the pulse area (Pulse Area): the pulse area represents a triangular area formed by a Peak.amp point and two Valley.amp points. Similar to the extraction of PWA features, all Peak.amp and Valley.amp points are detected as the local maximum point and local minimum point in the PPG signal, and because the time stamp (ie the number of samples per point) is also recorded, Therefore, the pulse wave area can be calculated from each pulse wave shape.

Respiratory signal RIIV (Respiratory Induced Intensity Variation) is caused by changes in blood volume synchronized with breathing. It can be passed through a band-pass filter (for example, 0.13-0.48Hz, 16-level Bessel filter (16th degree) Bessel filter)) and filter extraction from the PPG signal, where the filter suppresses heart-related changes in the PPG signal and frequencies below the respiratory frequency, for example, sympathetic nerve activity and reflex changes in response to the vagus nerve activity.

Therefore, in order to detect sleep apnea/hypopnea events and their onsets, various respiratory events such as PPI, PWA, PA derived from PPG waveforms and RIIV from light sensors can also be used. Information as indicators.

In addition, the use of the flexible part in this case not only allows the device to be stably placed on the finger, it is not easy to fall off even during sleep, and the PPG signal is stably obtained, and it also allows stable contact between the light sensor and the skin , Improve the signal quality, so it is quite suitable for this.

For example, in one embodiment, the finger-worn physiological detection device of this case can be matched with a posture detection device arranged on the central axis of the body, such as the chest, abdomen, and neck. For example, it also has a control unit and is provided with The accelerometer device can further measure the body posture changes during sleep, for example, lying down or not lying down, and combined, can determine blood physiological information, such as blood oxygen concentration, ODI value, PPI, PWA, PA , RIIV, etc., and the correlation between sleep posture, and then help users understand whether it is postural sleep apnea and whether it is suitable for sleep posture training.

After that, through the information providing unit, for example, it can be an information providing unit installed on a finger-worn physiological detection device, or installed on the posture detection device, or installed on an external device, such as a smart phone, a personal computer, Smart wearable devices, etc., can let users know the various information mentioned above, which is quite convenient in use; moreover, the calculation of blood physiological information and/or the calculation of the correlation between blood physiological information and sleeping body posture can also be used. It is selectively executed on a finger-worn physiological detection device, a posture detection device, and/or an external device, without limitation.

Furthermore, in another embodiment, if a vibration module is added, for example, it falls on the finger Wearing a physiological detection device, or falling on a posture detection device, can provide the aforementioned sleep posture training, that is, when the user is detected to be lying on his back, a vibration warning is provided to change it to non Lie on your back, and in addition to generating vibration warnings based on the sleep posture obtained by the posture detection device, you can also know the effect of SPT through the finger-worn physiological detection device, for example, whether the number of sleep apnea events has decreased , Can also be used as the basis for adjusting vibration parameters, such as intensity, frequency, duration, etc., which is a very advantageous combination.

In another embodiment, when the finger-worn physiological detection device includes at least one light-emitting source, at least one light detector, and a vibration module, it can also be used alone to improve sleep-disordered breathing. As mentioned above, by analyzing the blood oxygen concentration/ODI value and/or PPI, PWA, PA, RIIV and other respiratory event related information obtained by analyzing the PPG signal, it is possible to know whether a respiratory event has occurred and/or the beginning of the respiratory event. And if a vibration warning can be provided when a respiratory event occurs and/or at the beginning of a respiratory event, for example, blood oxygen concentration/ODI value and/or respiratory event-related information meets a preset condition, the user will be partially Awakening or awakening, and interrupt sleep apnea, which can prevent sleep apnea state.

This method of monitoring the onset of sleep apnea and waking up the user periodically and/or continuously is a biofeedback procedure used to prevent sleep apnea. When the user has repeated sleep apneas, such Vibration warning will make patients instinctively learn to take a few deep breaths and resume sleep when a breathing event occurs. According to research and experiments, this kind of warning conditioned reflex can effectively reduce or eliminate sleep apnea within a period of time.

Therefore, when the finger-worn physiological detection device according to this case is equipped with a vibration module, it has the ability to perform such a physiological feedback procedure, providing another option for improving sleep disordered breathing.

In another embodiment, by further arranging a radio element to obtain snoring information during sleep, the finger-worn physiological detection device according to the present application may have another advantageous application. The radio element can be a microphone, which is set in a finger-worn physiological detection device worn on the finger, or It is set in other devices placed around you during sleep, such as a microphone in a smartphone, tablet computer, etc., so that the user's breathing sound during sleep can be obtained, and then snoring information can be learned, and then based on whether snoring occurs Vibration warning is generated to make the user wake up (and change body posture), and then interrupt snoring. In this case, postural training for postural snoring can be achieved, and the physiological feedback effect of preventing snoring can also be achieved; or, further , A posture detection device can be added to accurately provide the relationship between snoring and body posture, which will help adjust the parameters of vibration warning.

In addition, further, the vibration module can be used to perform a wake-up action, by generating vibrations to wake the user from a sleep state, and the accelerometer can be used to obtain information about the sleep stage.

Here, it should be noted that in the above-mentioned embodiment, whether it is the analysis of the PPG signal, the determination of whether there is a respiratory event, the decision whether to provide a vibration warning, and/or the parameter adjustment of the vibration warning, etc., are achieved through various algorithms. , And various algorithms are, without limitation, can be implemented in finger-worn physiological detection devices, in posture detection devices, and/or in external devices, through the setting of wireless transmission modules, multiple The devices can communicate wirelessly to achieve the most convenient operation mode for users, so it can be changed according to actual needs without limitation.

To sum up, according to the finger-wearing physiological detection device of this case, through the novel finger-wearing structure design, the function of adjusting the size of the ring body to adapt to different finger sizes is achieved, and at the same time, it can also provide the effect of fine-tuning. In addition to the dynamic change of the finger, it further achieves the purpose of applying a slight pressure on the light sensor to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained signal, and the inflexible part and the flexible part are combined to form a finger wear The design of the physiological detection device improves the stability of the light sensor setting, which is equivalent to ensuring the quality of the physiological signal obtained, and the advantage of being used at any time, for example, during daytime activities, during sleep, plus The placement of the inflexible part on the finger can change the sampling variability as required. Therefore, the present case does provide improved and more advanced technical content.

100‧‧‧Shell

500‧‧‧Light Sensor

700‧‧‧Finger

701‧‧‧Vessel

702‧‧‧phalanges

Claims (25)

A finger-worn physiological detection device, comprising: an inflexible part, at least comprising: a casing; a control unit; at least one light-emitting source and at least one light detector, electrically connected to the control unit, and arranged in the casing Body surface; and a wireless transmission module electrically connected to the control unit for wireless communication with an external device; and a flexible part constructed to be combined with the inflexible part to form a surrounding one A ring body of a finger of the user so that the inflexible part is arranged on the finger, wherein the at least one light source and the at least one light detector are configured to perform reflective blood physiological signal detection; the at least one The light source and the at least one photodetector are constructed to be located on the half of the cross-sectional surface of the finger; and through the flexible portion, the inflexible portion can obtain a force toward the center of the cross-sectional surface of the finger, thereby achieving the at least A light source and stable contact between the at least one light detector and the finger, and wherein the at least one light source is implemented as visible light with a wavelength less than 580 nm; the control unit transmits the at least one light source and the at least one light detector A blood physiological signal of the user is obtained; and the blood physiological signal is used as a basis to obtain the user's heart rate. The device described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the blood physiological signal is further used as a basis to obtain at least one of the following blood physiological information of the user, including: breathing Chest and abdomen fluctuations, blood pressure, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity, and pulse wave heart rate resonance distribution. The device described in claim 1, wherein, through the wireless transmission module, at least one of the following is transmitted to the external device, including: the blood physiological signal, and the blood physiological signal derived from the blood physiological signal Blood physiological information. The device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one light-emitting source is implemented as a plurality of light-emitting sources, and together with the at least one light detector, they are arranged on the lower half of the cross section of the finger, and the control The unit obtains at least one of the following blood physiological information of the user through the plurality of light sources and the at least one light detector, including: blood oxygen concentration and oxygen saturation and unsaturation index. For example, the device described in claim 1 further includes an accelerometer electrically connected to the control unit to obtain at least one of the following physiological information of the user, including: daily activity information, sleeping body posture, And the sleep stage. According to the device described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, the flexible part is constructed to include a first free end and a second free end, and each has a first adjustment mechanism and a second adjustment mechanism, In this way, the first free end and the second free end can have different bonding positions, thereby realizing ring bodies with different perimeters. According to the device described in claim 1, wherein the external device is implemented as at least one of the following, including: a smart phone, a smart wearable device, a tablet computer, and a personal computer. A finger-worn physiological detection device, comprising: a housing; a control unit; at least one first physiological sensing element, and at least one second physiological sensing element, electrically connected to the control unit and arranged in the housing The surface; a wireless transmission module, electrically connected to the control unit; and A finger-worn structure for disposing the finger-worn physiology detection device on a finger of a user, wherein the control unit obtains a first physiology of the user through the at least one first physiology sensing element Information, and the control unit obtains a second physiological information of the user through the at least one second physiological sensing element, and wherein the at least first physiological sensing element is implemented as at least two light sources and at least one light detecting And the first physiological information is implemented to include blood oxygen concentration information; and when the first physiological information is obtained, the housing is constructed to be set on the lower half of the finger. The device according to claim 8, wherein the at least one second physiological sensing element is implemented as at least one light source and at least one photodetector, and the second physiological information is implemented as at least including the following physiological information One of them includes: heart rate information, respiratory chest-abdominal fluctuation information, blood pressure, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity, and pulse wave heart rate resonance distribution. The device described in item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the housing is configured to be set on the upper half of the finger when the second physiological information is obtained. The device according to claim 8, wherein the at least one second physiological sensing element is implemented as at least two electrodes, and the second physiological information is implemented as at least one of the following physiological information, including: ECG Information, skin information, and EMG information. The device described in item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the second physiological signal is implemented to be obtained on another finger of the user. The device described in item 8 of the patent application further includes an accelerometer electrically connected to the control unit to obtain at least one of the following physiological information of the user, including: daily activity information, sleeping body posture, And the sleep stage. The device according to item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the housing is constructed to have a concave surface as a surface for contacting the fingers. The device described in item 14 of the scope of patent application, wherein at least a part of the concave surface The part is constructed as a plane or a protrusion, and at least one of the at least one first physiological sensing element and the at least one second physiological sensing element is disposed on the plane or the protrusion position. The device according to item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the finger-wearing structure is implemented as an adjustable finger-wearing structure. The device according to item 8 of the patent application, wherein the finger-worn physiological detection device is constructed to be used during a sleep period, and the blood oxygen concentration information is used to obtain the oxygen saturation of the user during sleep Degree of unsaturation index. For example, the device described in item 17 of the scope of the patent application further includes a vibration module electrically connected to the control unit to generate vibration according to the first physiological information and/or the second physiological information for the use of The user generates a warning, and the vibration module is further used to wake up the user. A finger-wearing physiological detection device, comprising: an inflexible part, at least comprising: a casing; a control unit; at least one first light source, electrically connected to the control unit, and arranged on the surface of the casing to generate A light of a first wavelength; at least one second light source, electrically connected to the control unit and arranged on the surface of the housing to generate light of a second wavelength; at least one third light source, electrically connected to the control unit The unit is arranged on the surface of the housing to generate light of a third wavelength; at least one photodetector is electrically connected to the control unit and is arranged on the surface of the housing to receive from the at least one first light source , At least one of the light emitted by the at least one second light source and the at least one third light source; and A wireless transmission module electrically connected to the control unit; and a flexible part for forming a ring body surrounding a finger of a user, and including a first free end and a second free end, and according to The first free end and the second free end are different from each other in the position where they are combined to form a ring of different sizes, wherein through the flexible portion, the inflexible portion can obtain a force toward the center of the cross-section of the finger , Thus achieving stable contact between the first light source, the second light source, the third light source, and the at least one light detector and the finger, wherein the control unit transmits through the first light source, and the second light source Two light sources, and the at least one light detector to obtain a first blood physiological information, and the first blood physiological information includes blood oxygen concentration; and the control unit transmits through the third light source and the at least one light detector A second blood physiological information is obtained, and wherein the first blood physiological information and the second blood physiological information are transmitted to an external device through the wireless transmission module. The device according to item 19 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first wavelength is implemented to be between 620 nm and 750 nm, the second wavelength is implemented to be greater than 750 nm, and the third wavelength is implemented to be less than 580 nm. The device according to item 19 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first wavelength and the second wavelength are implemented as two wavelengths between 495 nm and 580 nm. The device according to claim 19, wherein the first blood physiological information and the second blood physiological information further include at least one of the following, including: heart rate, respiratory, chest and abdomen fluctuations, blood pressure, sympathetic nerve and Parasympathetic nerve activity and pulse wave heart rate resonance distribution. The device described in item 19 of the patent application further includes an accelerometer to obtain at least one of the following physiological information of the user, including: daily activity information, sleeping body posture, and sleep stage. The device according to claim 19, wherein when the first blood physiological information is obtained, the at least one first light-emitting source and the at least one second light-emitting source are implemented to be arranged on the lower half of the cross section of the finger . The device according to item 19 of the scope of patent application, wherein, when the second blood physiological information is obtained, the at least one third light source is implemented in the upper half of the cross section of the finger.

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