TW200541245A - Methods and apparatuses for CDMA2000/GPRS roaming - Google Patents

Abstract

IIF architectures and corresponding call flows are provided for CDMA2000/GPRS roaming scenarios such as GPRS foreign mode with Mobile IPv4, GPRS foreign mode with Simple IPv4 or IPv6, CDMA2000 packet data foreign mode with Mobile IPv4, and CDMA2000 packet data foreign mode with Simple IPv4 or IPv6.

Description

200541245 9. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The embodiments disclosed herein are generally related to wireless communication, and more specifically to roaming in the environment of CDMA2000 and GPRS systems. [Prior Art] Wireless users may need to use their wireless terminal in combination with a wireless system different from their home system to gain access to services through their existing reservations. Access to these services via a wireless system other than its home system can be independent of its normal wireless terminal. This may happen, for example, when users roam outside the service area of their home system. Therefore, manufacturers and system operators need to allow users to receive services by using their terminals and scheduled through a system that may not be the user's home system (if the terminal is compatible with the service system). Even when the serving system uses the same technology as the home system, it is still difficult to provide services for roaming users. When the radio interface used by the service system is different from the radio interface used in the user's home system, it is usually due to the basic differences between the message protocols, call modes, etc. to perform the interworking between these systems. This interconnection can be achieved through the Interconnect and Interoperability Function (IIF). An example of an IIF is described in US Patent Application No. 2002/094811 A1 entitled "Interworking and Interoperability of GPRS Systems With Systems of Other Technology Families" to Bright et al. US Patent Application No. 2002 / 094811 A1 provides GPRS interconnection and interoperation function (IIF) between the service GSM / GPRS wireless system and a second wireless system of a different technology family. 98029.doc 200541245 〇 The IIF allows the second wireless system to be home The mobile station of the system can operate in the GSM / GPRS system. According to US Patent Application No. 2002/094811 A1, it provides services to allow interconnection between GSM and / or GPRS systems and certain "wireless in the area" systems and Interoperable telecommunications system components. For example, a mobile station registered in the service system with the local wireless system as the home system in the GPRS only mode can receive services from the service system. US Patent Application No. 2002/094811 A1 mentions: The term "local wireless" (DW) means compatible with ANSI, or equivalent standards for TDMA, CDMA, and analog cellular systems (as commonly used in North America) , Or non-GSM systems compatible with other similar systems. Although US Patent Application No. 2002/094811 A1 confirmed the need for IIF to allow CDMA wireless system-based mobile stations to operate in GSM / GPRS systems, US Patent Application No. 2002/094811 A1 did not discuss the use of terminals Mobile IP or simple IP is applicable to IIF in CDMA2000 / GPRS roaming case. When the terminal is using mobile IP or simple IP, how to construct an IIF that allows a mobile station with a CDMA2000 wireless system as the home system to operate in the GSM / GPRS system, US Patent Application 2002/094811 A1 failed Provide enough information, directions or guidance. For example, regarding what modules are required to implement this IIF, and how these modules are interconnected, timed, and controlled to obtain the specific operations required to implement this IIF, US Patent Application 2002/094811 A1 fails to provide detail. Therefore, this technology needs a general architecture applicable to the CDMA2000 / GPRS roaming case. For example, the CDMA2000 / GPRS roaming case uses the 98029.doc 200541245 IPv4 GPRS field mode; the simple IPv4 or IPv6 GPRS field mode; Field Mode of CDMA2000 Packet Data for Mobile IPv4; and Field Mode of CDMA2000 Packet Data for Simple IP, Mobile IPv4 or Mobile IPv6. We expect that when a CDMA2000 packet data home subscriber using simple IP, Mobile IPv4 or Mobile IPv6 roams to a GPRS system, it can be achieved by supporting bearer connectivity between GPRS and CDMA2000 packet data systems Can communicate between CDMA2000 packet information system and GPRS system. Similarly, we also expect that when GPRS home users roam from the GPRS system to the CDMA2000 packet data system by using simple IP, mobile IPv4 or mobile IPv6, they can support the bearer connectivity between the GPRS system and the CDMA2000 packet data system. It enables communication between the GPRS system and the CDMA2000 packet information system. [Summary of the Invention] According to one aspect of the present invention, an interface entity is provided between a CDMA2000 packet data system and a GPRS system. When a CDMA2000 packet data belongs to a user roaming to the GPRS system, the interface entity borrows By providing a packet routing function to support the bearer connectivity between the GPRS and CDMA2000 packet data systems, communication can be performed between the CDMA2000 packet data system and the GPRS system. According to one aspect of the present invention, an interface entity is provided. When an CDMA2000 packet data using mobile IPv4 belongs to a user roaming to a visited GPRS system, the interface entity enables the CDMA2000 packet data system and SGSN's interviewed GPRS system 98029.doc 200541245 communicates. For example, in an embodiment in which a CDMA2000 packet data belongs to a user roaming to a visited system and using mobile IPv4, an interface entity may be provided that couples the home system to the visited system so that Communication can be performed between the home system and the interviewed system. In this case, the home system is a CDMA2000 packet data system, which may include an ANSI-41 home location register, an aaA entity, and a home agent ', and the interviewed system may be a sgsN GPRS system. According to one aspect of this embodiment, the interface includes a GSM home location register emulation module and an ANSI-41 interviewed location register emulation module. The GSM home location register simulation module that allows users to register through the Gr interface can be consumed to the SGSN via an & interface, while the ANSI-41 interviewed locations that allow users to register through the D interface are temporarily stored The device simulation module can be coupled to the ANSI-41 home position register via the 0 interface. According to one aspect of this embodiment, the interface further includes a foreign agent simulation module and a GGSN simulation module. The foreign agent simulation module can be coupled to the home agent through a χι interface, and supports the bearer connectivity between the visited system and the home system, so that the foreign agent interface and the AAA interface can be displayed to the CDMA2000 packet data through the XI interface. system. The GGSN simulation module can be coupled to the SGSN through the Gp interface, and can support the load-bearing connectivity between the interviewed system and the home system, so that the GGSN interface is displayed to the interviewed system through the Gp interface. This interface can serve as an endpoint for GTP tunnels and mobile IP tunnels. In this embodiment, the interface provides 98029.doc 200541245 a packet routing function between the GGSN interface and the foreign agent interface. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the interface may also include an AAA analog module that can be coupled to the AAA entity via an X3 interface. In this embodiment, the AAA simulation module provides an account processing function by interacting with the AAA of the home network for mobile IP foreign agent inquiry authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing. According to the present invention In one aspect, an interface entity is provided. When a CDMA2000 packet data using a simple IP belongs to a user roaming to the visited GPRS system, the interface entity enables a connection between the home CDMA2000 packet data system and the visited GPRS system including an SGSN To communicate. In an embodiment in which a CDMA2000 packet data home user roams to an interviewed system and uses a simple IP, an interface entity may be provided, and the interface entity couples the home system to the interviewed system so that Communication between the system and the interviewed system. In this case, the home system is a CDMA2000 packet data system that can include an ANSI-41 home location register, an AAA entity, and an LNS, and the interviewed system can be a GPRS system including an SGSN. According to one aspect of this embodiment, the interface includes an ANSI-41 visited location register and a GSM home location register. The ANSI-41 interviewed location register can be coupled to the ANSI-41 home location register through a D interface, and allows users to register through the D interface. The GSM home location register can be coupled to the SGSN via the Gr interface and allows users to register via the Gr interface. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the interface may include an LAC analog module and a GGSN analog module. The LAc analog module can be coupled to 98029.doc -10- 200541245 LNS ′ through the X2 interface and supports the bearer connectivity between the interviewed and the home network through the χ2 interface. The GGSN simulation module can be coupled to the SGSN through the Gp interface, and through the Gp interface, a GGSN interface is displayed to the interviewed system and a normal routing interface is displayed to the CDMA2000 packet data system to provide between the GGSN interface and the home system. A packet routing function to support the bearer connectivity between the interviewed and the home network. In this case, the interface acts as one of the endpoints of the GTP tunnel and the IPSec tunnel. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the interface may include an A A A simulation module that can be coupled to the AA A entity via the X3 interface. The AAA simulation module can provide an account processing function through the X3 interface by interacting with the AAA of the home network for L2TP authentication and 3GFP2 packet data account processing. According to another aspect of the present invention, an interface entity is provided between the GPRS system and the CDMA2000 packet data system. When the GPRS home user roams from the GPRS system to the CDMA2000 packet data system by using one of mobile IPv4 and simple IP The interface entity supports the bearer connectivity between the GPRS system and the CDMA2000 packet data system by providing a packet routing function to enable communication between the GPRS system and the CDMA2000 packet data system. According to another aspect of the present invention, 'provide an interface entity' When a GPRS home user using mobile IPv4 roams to a visited CDMA2000 packet data system, the interface entity enables a GSM home location register, a GGSN And a home GPRS system of an AAA entity; communication with a visited CDMA2000 packet data system including an ANSI-41 interviewed location register, an AAA entity, and a packet data service node / foreign agent .doc 200541245. In an embodiment in which a GPRS home user roams to a visited system and uses mobile IPv4, an interface entity may be provided, the interface entity couples the home system to the visited system so that the home system can communicate with the host system in the home system. Inter-system communication. In this case, the home system is a GPRS system including a GSM home location register, a GGSN, and an AAA entity, and the interviewed system may include a CDMA2000 packet data system. The CDMA2000 packet data system includes an ANSI-41 Interrogated location register, an AAA entity, and a packet data service node / foreign agent. According to one aspect of this embodiment, the interface includes a home agent simulation module and an SGSN simulation module. The home agent simulation module can be coupled to the packet data service node / foreign agent through the XI interface, and a home agent interface is displayed to the interviewed system. The SGSN simulation module can be coupled to the GGSN through the Gp interface, and the SGSN interface is displayed to the home system to provide a packet routing function between the SGSN interface and the home agent interface to support the bearer connection between the interviewed and home network Sex. Here, the interface acts as an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and a mobile IP tunnel. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the interface may also include an ANSI-41 home location register simulation module and a GSM interviewed location register simulation module. The ANSI-41 home location register simulation module can be coupled to the ANSI-41 interviewed location register via the D interface, and the GSM interview location register simulation module can be coupled to the GSM home location via the D interface. Register to allow users to register. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the interface may also include an AAA analog module. The AAA analog module may be coupled to an AAA entity via a Gi interface and coupled to an X3 interface via 98029.doc -12- 200541245. AAA entity. The AAA simulation module interacts with the AAA of the visited network through the X3 interface for mobile IP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing, and can interact with the AAA of the home network through the Gi interface for 3GPP packet data account processing . According to one aspect of the present invention, an interface entity is provided. When a GPRS home user using a simple IP roams to a visited CDMA2000 packet data system, the interface entity enables a GSM home location register, a GGSN And a GPRS entity's home GPRS system communicates with a visited CDMA2000 packet data system including an ANSI-41 visited location register, an AAA entity, and a packet data service node / LAC entity. In an embodiment in which a GPRS home user roams to an interviewed system and uses a simple IP, an interface entity may be provided. The interface entity couples the home system to the interviewed system so that the home and the interviewed users can Communication between systems. In this case, the home system is a GPRS system including a GSM home location register, a GGSN, and an AAA entity, and the interviewed system may include a CDMA2000 packet data system, which includes an ANSI- 41 Interview location register, an AAA entity, and a packet data service node / LAC entity. According to one aspect of the present invention, the interface supports a bearer connectivity between the visited network and the home network by providing a packet routing function. For example, the interface may include an SGSN analog module and an LNS analog module. The SGSN simulation module can be coupled to the GGSN through the Gp interface and display the SGSN interface to the home system, while the LNS simulation module can be coupled to the packet data service node / LAC entity through the X2 interface and connect the L2TP network server. (LNS) interface is presented to the interviewed system. Like 98029.doc -13- 200541245, this interface provides packet routing between the SGSN analog module and the LNS analog module. Here, the interface acts as an endpoint for GTP tunnels and mobile L2TP tunnels. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the interface includes an ANSI-41 home location register simulation module and a GSM interviewed location register simulation module. The ANSI-41 home location register simulation module can be coupled to the ANSI-41 interviewed location register via a D interface, and the GSM interview location register simulation module can be coupled to GSM via another D interface. Home location register. This allows users to register. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the interface may also include an AAA analog module. The AAA analog module may be coupled to the AAA entity via the Y3 interface and may be coupled to the AAA entity via the X3 interface. The AAA simulation module interacts with the AAA entity of the visited network through the X3 interface for L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing, and the Gi interface interacts with the AAA entity of the home network for 3GPP packet data account processing. [Embodiments] The term "exemplary" may be used herein to mean "serving as an example, example, or illustration." It is not necessary to understand embodiments described herein as "exemplary" as being better or better than others. Examples. Figure 1 is a block diagram of a system that includes a home system 10 such as a CDMA2000 packet data system or a GPRS system;-an interviewed system 20 such as a GPRS system or a CDMA2000 packet data system; and an interface entity 30, or &quot; IIF ", the interface entity couples the home system 10 to the interviewed system 20 and enables communication between the home system 10 and the interviewed system 20. 98029.doc -14- 200541245 The following sections describe The architecture applicable to the CDMA2000 / GPRS roaming case, where the CDMA2000 / GPRS roaming case is, for example: GPRS field mode using mobile IPv4, GPRS field mode using simple IPv4 or IPv6, CDMA2000 packet data field mode using mobile IPv4, and simple use CDMA2000 packet data field mode for IPv4 or IPv6. GPRS field mode using mobile IPv4 Figure 2A is an exemplary block diagram of a GPRS field mode using mobile IPv4, and it depicts the functions provided by an IIF in this embodiment and Control interface. This roaming case occurs when a CDMA2000 packet data belongs to a user who operates Mobile IPv4 [IS-835-C] in GPRS field mode. In this embodiment, the home system 10 may be a CDMA2000 packet data system, in which a CDMA2000 packet data belongs to a user roaming to a GPRS system and uses mobile IPv4. The home system 10 includes an ANSI-41 home location register 131, an AAA The entity 116 and a home agent 135. The interviewed system 20 may be a GPRS system including an SGSN137. The interface 30 or "IIF" includes an ANSI coupled to the ANSI-41 home location register 131 via a D interface 113 -41 Interview location register 111; one GSM home location register 124 coupled to SGSN 137 via Gr interface 123; one coupled to SGSN 137 via Gp interface 127 and coupled to Internet via Gi interface GGSN 126;-AAA entity 140 coupled to AAA entity 116 via X3 interface 117; and an agent 118 coupled to home agent 135 via XI interface 115. IIF provides both GSM HLR and ANSI-41 VLR simulation to allow users to register. This interconnection can be provided through the interface reference, Gr, and "D". IIF provides GGSN and FA simulation to support the bearer connection between the interviewed and the home network via IIF 98029.doc -15- 200541245 This interconnection can be provided by the interface reference "Gnff" and "Xl'f". IIF provides AAA simulation to interact with AAA of the home network for mobile IP foreign agent inquiry authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing. This interconnection can be provided by interface reference UIX3II. If no bearer connectivity is required between the GPRS system and the CDMA2000 packet data system, no reverse tunneling on the XI interface is required. Instead, MS-terminated communications flow through the XI and Gp interfaces. In the case where no reverse tunnel transmission is required, the IIF sends a MS-initiated communication traffic received on the Gp interface directly to the Internet via a Gi interface. Therefore, for users roaming to the GSM system using the CDMA mobile IP system as the home system, the IIF can present a GGSN interface to the GSM and a FA and AAA interface to the CDMA system. IIF can use the packet routing function between GGSN and FA to serve as the endpoint for GTP and mobile IP tunnels. IIF can also provide account processing functions, so that operators can charge ten based on configurable measurements such as packet count, bandwidth, date, etc. Figure 2B is an exemplary call flow chart , Which shows mobile IPv4 operation in GPRS field mode. Figure 2B depicts a call flow example for a roaming case, in which a CDMA2000 packet data belongs to a user operating IPv4 [IS-835-C] in a GPRS field mode. In this example, the MS shares the secret with its native CDMA2000 system for mobile IP authentication. The MS may require the home CDMA2000 system to assign an HA and / or an IP address. Reverse tunneling can be enabled so that all data communication traffic (MS start and MS termination 98029.doc -16- 200541245) pass through IIF and native CDMA2000 system. IIF generates a 3GPP2 packet data account processing record and sends it to its CDMA2000 system via RADIUS. The MS performs the attachment of GPRS and SGSN. Authentication combined with GPRS attachment is recognized as SIM-based authentication that requires a Ki key. The IIF acts as a GSM HLR configured with Ki secret. Under no circumstances should IIF be required to communicate with the HLR in its CDMA2000 system for authentication. (Step 1) The MS sends a PDP context request to the SGSN. The message includes the access point name (APN). The APN has this format: <Network ID>. &lt; MNC &gt;. &lt; MCC &gt; .gprs. The network ID (such as CDMA2000carrier.com) indicates that the MS wants to establish a logical connection to an external network. The requested PDP address can be omitted in this message. MS has a static mobile IP home address or obtains a new mobile IP home address. (Step 2) The SGSN selects a GGSN based on the APN. The SGSN uses the APN as a query name to query a DNS server (not shown) and obtains a list of available GGSNs that can be used to support the requested APN. The APN's network ID indicates a CDMA2000 operator; therefore, the DNS server returns with the IP address of the IIF. (Step 3) The SGSN sends a PDP context start request to the selected IIF to establish a PDP context for the MS. This message includes the APN, but the requested PDP address can be omitted. (Step 4) The IIF is used as the GGSN and sends the establishment PDP context response to the SGSN, which in turn sends the startup PDP context acceptance to the MS. The address in both messages can be set to 0 · 〇 · 〇 · 〇 to indicate that the PDP address will be assigned later after the mobile IP is successfully registered. (Step 5) Because omitting the requested PDP address in the initiating PDP context request can indicate 98029.doc -17- 200541245 MS wants to use mobile IP, so the IIF is used as FA and sends one or more mobile IP proxy advertisements to MS. Agency advertisements can be sent through the established PDP context. Agency advertisements include FA forwarding addresses and FA interrogation (FAC). (Step 6) The MS sends a mobile IP registration request to the PDP context. The registration information may contain the following information; the NAI [RFC 2794] of MS has this format: &lt; username &gt; @ &lt; domain-name>, where domain-name identifies the home CDMA2000 system of the MS. The MS-ΗA authenticator can be calculated based on the content of the registration request and the secret shared between MS and HA [RFC 2002]. The MS-AAA authenticator can be calculated based on the secret shared between the FAC and MS and the home AAA server [RFC 3012]. If the MS uses permanent HA, the HA address field can be set to a known value, or if the MS wishes to assign a new HA from its home network, the HA address block can be set to 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 . If the MS uses a permanent address, the home address column can be set to a known value, or if the MS wishes to be assigned a new address by the HA, the home address block can be set to 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 . The T bit can be set to one to enable reverse tunneling of HA from IIF to MS. (Step 7) The IIF is used as a RADIUS client and sends a RADIUS access request to the local AAA server. The RADIUS access request is transmitted to the MS's NAI, FAC authenticator, FAC, HA address, etc. [is-835]. (Step 8) If the authentication is successful, the home AAA server responds with RADIUS Access-Accept including the HA address of the MS. (Step 9) hf is used as FA and forwards the mobile IP registration request to the HA address contained in the RADIUS access acceptance. (Step 10) The HA verifies the MS-HA authenticator in the IP registration request. If ha does not have the shared secret (as in the case of dynamically assigning 98029.doc -18- 200541245 to ha), then he communicates with his AAA server for the shared secret. The HA responds to a mobile IP registration request with a mobile IP registration response containing a registration result (such as success or code error). If the MS wants a new home address, it can return a new address in the registration reply; otherwise, it can return the permanent address of the MS. (Step 11) The IIF is used as the FA, and the mobile IP registration reply is forwarded to the MS with the appropriate PDP context. The IIF FA function records the assigned MS IP address and shares the address with the IIF GGSN function. (Step 12) The IIF is used as the GGSN, and its PDP context is updated by setting the PDP address as the home address of the MS (as shown in the registration reply and shared with the FA function). The PDP address (and thus the home address of the MS) can be associated with a GTP tunnel identified by the Tunnel Endpoint ID (TEID). (Step 13) The IIF is used as the GGSN, and the PDP context correction procedure initiated by the GGSN is triggered to update the PDP address in the SGSN and MS [3GPP TS 29.061]. The IIF sends an update PDP context request to the SGSN, which forwards it to the MS. (Step 14) The MS responds to the SGSN with an update PDP context response, and the SGSN forwards it to the IIF. (Step 15) The IIF is used as a RADIUS client, and sends a RADIUS account processing request (start) to the home AAA server [IS-835]. 3GPP2 provider-specified attributes are used to convey account processing records, but some airlink record attributes (such as service options, multi-working options, etc.) are not available. (Step 16) The home AAA server responds with a RADIUS account processing response (start). (Step 17) If reverse tunneling from IIF to HA is enabled, the bearer communication traffic passes through the IIF in both directions. For the delivery of MS-initiated packets, up sends an packet received from the MS2 GTP tunnel (indicated by TEID) to the HA of the MS via a mobile IP reverse 98029.doc -19- 200541245 tunnel. For delivery of MS terminated packets, the IIF will deliver packets received from the HA to FA tunnel to the MS's GTP tunnel. IPSec can be used to protect mobile IP tunnels between HA and IIF, and GTP tunnels between IIF and SGSN. (Step 18) GPRS field mode using simple IP Figure 3A is an exemplary block diagram of the GPRS field mode using one of the simple IPs, which shows a roaming case where a CDMA2000 packet data belongs to a user operating IPv4 or IPv6 in the GPRS field mode. Figure 3A also depicts the functions and control interfaces provided by an interface or IIF in this scenario. In this embodiment, the home system 10 may be a CDMA2000 packet data system, where a CDMA2000 packet data belongs to a user roaming to a GPRS system and uses a simple IP. The home system 10 includes an ANSI-41 home location register 131, an AAA entity 116, and an LNS 139. The interviewed system 20 may be a GPRS system including an SGSN 137. "Interface 30 or" IIF "includes an ANSI-41 interview location register 111 coupled to the ANSI-41 home location register 131 via D interface 113; a coupling to SGSN 137 via Gr interface 123 GSM home location register 124;-GGSN 126 coupled to SGSN 137 via Gp interface 127 and GGSN 126 coupled to the Internet via Gi interface;-AAA entity 140 connected to AAA entity 116 via X3 interface 117 And an LAC entity 109 which is transferred to LNS 139 via X2 interface 119. IIF provides both GSM HLR and ANSI-41 VLR simulation to allow users to register. This interconnection can be referred to the interface through "Gr &quot; and nD, And was provided. IIF provides GGSN and LAC simulations to support the bearer connectivity between the visited and home networks via the 98029.doc -20- 200541245 IIF. This interconnection can be provided by referring to the interface "Gn" and UIX2. IIF provides AAA simulation to interact with AAA of the home network for L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing. This interconnection can be referenced through the interface "X3π was provided. If there is no need for bearer connectivity between the CDMA2000 packet data system and the GPRS system, then no X2 interface is required. IIF still supports Gp interface for SGSN, and provides Internet access via Gi interface (not shown). Therefore, for a user who uses the CDMA simple IP system as the home system and roams to the GSM system, iif can display a GGSN interface to GSM and a normal routing interface to CDMA system. The IIF can serve as an endpoint for GTP and IPSec tunnels through the packet routing function between the GGSN and CDMA systems. IIF can also provide account processing functions, and appropriate operators can charge based on configurable metrics such as packet count, bandwidth, date, etc. FIG. 3B is an exemplary call flow diagram showing a simple IP operation in a GPRS field mode and explaining a roaming case where a CDMA2000 packet data belongs to a user who operates a simple IP in the GPRS field mode. In this example, the MS shares the secret with its home CDMA2000 system for simple IP authentication (meaning CHAP). The MS establishes a PPP session to its CDMA2000 system via L2TP. During PPP establishment, the home CDMA2000 system dynamically assigns an IP address to the MS. All MS data communication traffic (MS-initiated and MS-terminated) passes through the nF and the home CDMA2000 system. IIF generates a 3GPP2 packet data account processing record and sends it to its CDMA2000 system via RADIUS. 98029.doc -21-200541245 MS performs GPRS and SGSN attachment. Authentication combined with GPRS attach is recognized as SIM-based authentication that requires Ki secrets. The IIF is used as a GSM HLR or GSM VLR configured in Ki secretly. In any case, IIF does not need to communicate with the HLR in the CDMA2000 system for authentication. (Step 1) The MS sends a start PDP context request to the SGSN. The message includes APN (Access Point Name). APN has this format ... &lt; Network ID &gt;. &lt; MNC &gt;. &lt; MCC> .gprs. The network ID (such as CDMA2000carrier.com) indicates that the MS wants to establish a logical connection to an external network. The requested PDP address may be omitted in this message, so that the IIF (used as GGSN) will not assign an IP address to the MS later; instead, the address will be assigned by the LNS. (Step 2) The SGSN selects a GGSN based on the APN. The SGSN queries a DNS server (not shown) and obtains a list of available GGSNs that can be used to support the requested APN. In this case, the network ID of the APN indicates a CDMA2000 operator; therefore, the DNS server returns with the IP address of the IIF. (Step 3) The SGSN sends a PDP context start request to the selected IIF to establish a PDP context for the MS. This message includes the APN, but the requested PDP address can be omitted. (Step 4) The IIF is used as the GGSN and sends a PDP context creation response to the SGSN. The SGSN in turn sends an Activate PDP Context Accept to the MS. The PDP address in both messages can be set to 0.0 · 0 · 0 to indicate that the PDP address will be reset later. (Step 5) After the PDP context can be established, the MS and IIF perform PPP LCP negotiation. The IIF LAC function cooperates with an LNS to establish an L2TP tunnel. The IIF determines which LNS is based on the required APN. The IIF is configured to correspond to an APN's 98029.doc -22- 200541245 LNS information (such as the IP address of the LNS). After the L2TP tunnel is established, the IIF LAC function forwards LCP information between the LNS and the MS. During LCP negotiation, LNS and MS negotiate PAP or CHAP as a protocol for PPP authentication. (Step 6) Perform PPP authentication (PAP or CHAP). The credentials of the MS are authenticated by the native AAA in the CDMA2000 system. The figure does not show the RADIUS interaction between LNS and native AAA. (Step 7) LNS and MS perform PPP IPCP negotiation. The IIF LAC function relays IPCP messages between the L2TP tunnel and the PDP context. During the negotiation, the LNS assigns an IP address to the MS. The IIF monitors this address and uses it as the PDP address for the MS. (Step 8) The IIF also needs to notify the SGSN and MS about the updated PDP address. It should be remembered that the PDP address was initially set to 〇〇〇〇〇. Therefore, the IIF sends an update PDP context request to the SGSN, which forwards it to the MS. (Step 9) The MS responds to the SGSN by updating the PDP context response, and the SGSN forwards it to the IIF. (Step 10) The IIF acts as a RADIUS client and sends a RADIUS account processing request (start) to the home AAA server [IS-835]. 3GPP2 provider-specified attributes are used to communicate account processing records, but some wireless link record attributes (such as service options, multiplexing options, etc.) are not applicable. (Step 11) The home AAA server responds with the RADIUS account processing response (start). (Step 12) Bearer traffic flows through the IIF in both directions. For delivery of MS-initiated packets, IDF delivers packets received from MS's GTP tunnel (identified by TEID) to MS's L2TP tunnel / session. For delivery of packets terminated by MS, IIF will deliver packets received from MS's L2TP tunnel / session to GTP tunnels of MS. IPsec 98029.doc -23- 200541245 can be used to protect L2TP tunnel / session between LNS and IIF, and GTP tunnel between IIF and SGSN. (Step 13) CDMA2000 packet data field mode using mobile IPv4 Figure 4A is an exemplary block diagram of a CDMA2000 packet data field mode using mobile IPv4. This section describes a roaming case, in which a GPRS belongs to a user operating IPv4 [IS-835-C] in a CDMA2000 packet data field mode. Figure 4A also depicts the functions and control interfaces provided by the IIF in this case. In this embodiment, the home system 10 may be a GPRS system. A GPRS home user roams to a CDMA2000 packet data system and uses simple IP. The home system 10 includes a GSM home location register 124, a GGSN 126, and an AAA entity 128. The interviewed system 20 may be a CDMA2000 packet data system, which includes an ANSI-41 interviewed location register 111, an AAA entity 116, and a packet data service node / foreign agent 11 800 interface 30 or "IIF" contains An ANSI-41 home location register 131 coupled to the ANSI-41 visited location register 111 via the D interface 113; a GSM interview coupled to the GSM home location register 124 via the D interface 121 Position register 133;-SGSN 137 coupled to GGSN 126 via Gp interface 127; AAA entity 140 coupled to AAA entity 128 via X4 interface 129 and AAA entity 116 via X3 interface 117; And a home agent 135 coupled to the packet data service node / foreign agent 118 via the XI interface 115. The IIF provides both GSM VLR and ANSI-41 HLR simulations to allow users to register. This interconnection can be referenced through the interface '' D ". IIF provides HA and SGSN simulation to support the bearer connectivity between the interviewed and the home network 98029.doc -24- 200541245 via IIF. This interconnection can be provided through the interface reference "XI" and "quote." IIF provides AAA simulation to interact with AAA of the visited network for mobile IP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing. IIF also It can interact with AAA of the home network for 3GPP packet account processing. This interconnection can be provided by referring to UIX3 "and" χ4 ". The IIF / AAA requirements for CDMA2000 packet data field mode using mobile IP are described in more detail below. If the visited CDMA2000 packet data system and the native GPRS system do not need to carry connectivity, a Gp interface is not required. In this case, the data communication traffic at the beginning of the operation can be delivered directly to the Internet via PDSN / FA in the visited system, or, if reverse tunneling is enabled, it can be delivered via IIF / HA. The data communication traffic of the operation termination is delivered to PDSN / FA via iif / HA. In order to interconnect AAA messages between nF and CDMA2000AAA server and GPRS AAA server, interfaces X3 and X4 are required. Therefore, for a user who uses the GSM system as the home system and roams to the CDMA mobile IP system, the IIF can present an HA interface to the CDMA system and an SGSN interface to the GSM system. A subset of SGSN functions is required, which includes APN solutions. iif acts as an endpoint for mobile IP and GTP tunnels through the packet routing function between HA and SGSN functions. FIG. 4B is an exemplary call flow chart showing mobile IPv4 operation in a CDMA2000 packet data foreign mode. This call flow example shows a roaming case, in which a GPRS home user operates IPv4 [IS-835-C] in a CDMA2000 packet data field mode. In this example, the local GPRS system does not support HA; therefore, the MS and IIF share secrets for mobile IP authentication 98029.doc -25- 200541245 recognition. The home GPRS system dynamically assigns an IP address to the MS. All MS data communication traffic (MS-initiated and MS-terminated) pass through the IIF and the home GPRS system. IIF receives the 3GPP2 account processing record from the interviewed CDMA2000 system, maps it to the 3GPP account processing record, and forwards it to its home GPRS system via RADIUS. The MS starts SO 33 and establishes a PPP session with PDSN / FA. (Step 1) Because the IP address configuration option is omitted during the PPP IPCP negotiation to indicate that the MS wishes to use mobile IP, PDSN / FA sends one or more mobile IP proxy advertisements to the MS. Agency advertisements include FA forwarding addresses and FA interrogation (FAC). (Step 2) The MS sends a mobile IP registration request to the PDSN / FA. The registration request can contain the following information ... The MS's NAI [RFC 2794] has this format ... <user name> @ &lt; domain-name &gt;, where domain-name identifies the home GPRS system of the MS. The MS-HA authenticator can be calculated based on the content of the registration request and the secret shared between the MS and HA [RFC 2002]. The MS-AAA authenticator can be calculated based on the secret shared between the FAC and the MS and the local AAA server [RFC 3012]. If the MS uses permanent HA, the HA address field can be set to a known value, or if the MS wishes to assign a new HA from its home network, the HA address field can be set to 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 . The HA column can be set to 0.00..0.0. To request a new address assigned by the HA. The T bit can be set to request a PDSN / FA to establish a reverse tunnel to the HA of the MS. (Step 3) The PDSN / FA generates a RADIUS access request that conveys the MS's NAI, FAC authenticator, FAC, HA address, etc. [IS-835]. Because the domain name of the MS's NAI indicates a GPRS system, the PDSN / FA sends a RADIUS access request to the IIF through the AAA of 98029.doc -26- 200541245 in the CDMA2000 system. The IIF can correct this message according to [3GPP TS 29.061]. (Step 4) If the authentication is successful, the home AAA server responds with RADIUS access acceptance. This message can be posted back to PDSN via IIF and interviewed AAA. IIF can correct this message according to [P.S0001-A V3.0]. (Step 5) PDSN / FA forwards the mobile IP registration request to the HA function in IIF. IIF verifies the MS_HA authenticator in the action registration request. (Step 6) If the authentication is successful, the IIF SGSN function establishes a GTP tunnel with the GGSN in the GPRS system and requests an IP address from the GGSN. The IIF SGSN function derives an APN. The APN has this format: <network ID> .mnc &lt; MNC〉 .mcc &lt; MCC &gt; .gprs [TS 23.003]. <Network ID> is the domain part of the NAI of the MS and indicates which GGSN the MS wishes to access for the requested service. &lt; MNC &gt; and &lt; MCC &gt; is an IMSI derived from MS. The NAI and IMSI of the MS can be obtained from the RADIUS access request in step 4. The SGSN function uses the exported APN as the query name for querying the GPRS DNS server (not shown in the figure) and obtains from it a list of available GGSNs that can be used to support the requested service. The IIF SGSN function sends a PDP context creation request to the selected GGSN. The requested PDP address in the message is set to 0.0.0 · 0 to request a new IP address. (Step 7) The GGSN responds with a PDP context response, which includes the new IP address assigned to the MS. (Step 8) The IIF functions as the HA and sends a mobile IP registration response to the MS via the PDSN / FA. The home address column in the mobile IP registration reply can be set to the IP address assigned by GGSN. (Step 9) The PDSN sends a RADIUS account processing request containing 3GPP2 packet data account processing information [P.S0001-A V3.0] (from 98029.doc -27- 200541245 onwards). Because the domain name of MS ΝΑΙ indicates a GPRS system, the RADIU account processing request (beginning) can be delivered to the native AAA in the GPRS system via the visited AAA and IIF. The IIF may correct the message according to [3GPP TS 29.061]. (Step 10) The IIF acts as a RADIUS server and responds with a RADIUS account processing response (start). (Step 11) The bearer communication traffic passes through the IIF in both directions. For delivery of MS-initiated packets, the IIF delivers packets received from the mobile IP reverse tunnel to the MS's GTP tunnel (identified by TEID). For delivering MS terminated packets, IIF delivers packets received from the GTP tunnel to the HA to FA tunnel. IPsec can be used to protect mobile IP tunnels between PDSN / FA and IIF, and GTP tunnels between IIF and GGSN. (Step 12) IIF / AAA requirements for CDMA2000 packet data field mode using mobile IP IIF requirements for processing RADIUS access requests received from the visited CDMA2000 packet data system will now be described. IIF proxy all IETF RADIUS except for Calling-Station-ID attribute, Called-Station_ID attribute and Framed-Protocol attribute Attributes. The processing of these three attributes is described below. If the call base id attribute in the received RADIUS access request contains IMSI, Beiif will copy the IMSI into the 3GPP-IMSI attribute [3GPP TS 29.061] and include it in the RADIUS access of the home GPRS system designated for ms On request. iif does not include the ID attribute of the calling station in the RADIUS access request sent to the AAA in the GPRS system. If the attribute of the calling station 10 in the received RADIUS access request of 98029.doc -28- 200541245 contains min * IRM, the IIF will map it to the IMSI of ms used in the home GprS system and include it in the designated application. In the 3GPP-IMSI attribute of the RADIUS access request of the home GPRS system. nF does not include the attribute of the calling station m in the RADIUS access request of the local-to-AAA sent to the GPRS system. The IIF includes the called station ID attribute in the RADIUS access request of the home gPrs system designated for the MS. The value of the ID attribute of the called station is set to APN (see Section 8.3.4). If the received RADIUS access request includes a frame protocol attribute, the IIF overrides this value to 7 [3GPP TS 29.061]. IIF will remove all 3Gpp2 VSA from the received ^^^ request. It is not necessary for the IIF to include any 3GPP VSA other than the 3Gpp IMSI attribute in the RADIUS access request transmitted by the home GpRS system designated by the mMS. The nF request to handle the RADIUS access acceptance of the home GPRS system received from the MS will now be described. IIF proxy (proxy) all IETF RADIUS attributes without modification. Prior to transmitting the RADIUS access acceptance to the visited CDMA2000 packet data system, the IIF removed all 3GPP VSAs from the received RADIUS access acceptance. If the strategy of the home GPRS system (p0iicy) requires that the data communication traffic of the MS that is roaming through the home GPRS system through the IIF, and the corresponding RADIUS access request previously received from the visited CDMA2000 packet data system includes the HA bit Address VSA, the IIF will include the reverse tunnel specification VSA in the RADIUS storage 98029.doc -29- 200541245 designated for the CDMA2000 packet data system that was visited. The value of VSA is set to 1 to indicate the need for reverse channel transmission. The IIF requirements for processing RADIUS account processing request start (Accounting-Request START) and account processing request interval (Accounting-Request INTERIM) are the same as those for processing RADIUS access requests. The IIF requirements for processing the RADIUS account processing request stop (Accounting-Request STOP) are the same as the IIF requirements for processing the RADIUS access request with the following additional requirements: If the received RADIUS account processing request is stopped, the VSA settings will continue in the future &Quot; No '' (FALSE), and if the IIIF has not previously received an account processing request from another PDSN with the same IP address (beginning) (for the case of handover between PDSNs using mobile IP), Then the IIF inserts a 3GPP Session-Stop_Indicator VSA to indicate that the PDP session has ended. Field mode of CDMA2000 packet data using simple IP Figure 5 is an exemplary block diagram of one of the field modes of using 2000 simple packet data. This section describes a roaming case in which a GPRS home user operates IPv4 or IPv6 in CDMA2000 packet data field mode. Fig. 5A also depicts the function and control interface provided by the interface 30anIIF '' in this case. In this embodiment, the home system 10 may be a GPRS system, in which a GPRS home user roams to a CDMA2000 packet data system and uses mobile IPv4. The home system 10 includes a GSM home location register 124, a GGSN 126, and an AAA entity 128. The interviewed system 20 may be a CDMA2000 packet information system including an ANSI-41 interviewed location register 111, an AAA entity 116, and a home system 109. 98029.doc -30- 200541245 The interface 30 or nIIFn includes an ANSI-41 home location register 131 coupled to the ANSI-41 interviewed location register 111 via D interface 113;-coupled via D interface 121 GSM visited location register 133 to GSM home location register 124;-SGSN 137 connected to GGSN 126 via Gp interface 127;-coupled to AAA entity 128 via X4 interface 129 and via X3 interface 117 An AAA entity 140 coupled to the AAA entity 116; and an LCS entity 139 coupled to the packet data service node / LAC entity 109 via the X2 interface 119. IIF provides both GSM VLR and ANSI-41 HLR emulation to allow users to register. This interconnection can be provided by the interface reference "Dn. IIF provides LNS and SGSN simulations to support the bearer connectivity between the interviewed and the home network via IIF. This interconnection can be referenced by the interface Πχ2Π and" Gn " Provided. IIF provides AAA simulation to interact with AAA of the visited network for L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing. IIF can also interact with AAA of the home network for 3GPP packet data account processing. This interaction Links can be provided by reference to the interface "X3" and "X4". The IIF / AAA requirements for the foreign mode of CDMA2000 packet data using simple IP will be described in more detail below. There is no need for bearer connectivity between GPRS systems, and no X2 and Gp interfaces are required. In this case, both the data communication traffic at the beginning of the operation and the end of the operation are delivered to the Internet via the PDSN in the visited system To transmit AAA messages between IIF and CDMA2000 AAA server and GPRS AAA server, interface X3 and interface X4 are required.

Therefore, for a user with a GSM system as the home system and roaming to a CDMA 98029.doc -31-200541245 simple IP system, HF can show an L2TP network server (LNS) interface to the CDMA system and show an SGSN interface To the GSM system. There is a need to include a subset of the SGSN functions of the APN solution. IIF ^ T acts as the endpoint of mobile L2TP and GTP tunnels through the routing function between LNS and SGSN. FIG. 5B is an exemplary call flow chart showing a simple IP operation in a CDMA2000 packet data field mode. This call flow example illustrates a roaming case where a GPRS home user operates a simple IP in CDMA2000 packet data field mode. In this example, the MS shares the secret with the home AAA in the GPRS system for CHAP authentication. The home GPRS system dynamically assigns an IP address to the MS. All MS data communication traffic (started and terminated by MS) passes through IIF and home GPRS system. IIF receives the 3GPP2 account processing record from the interviewed CDMA2000 system and maps it to the 3GPP account processing record and forwards it to its home GPRS system via RADIUS. The MS starts SO 33 and initiates PPP LCP negotiation with PDSN / LAC. CHAP can be negotiated as a protocol for ppp authentication. (Step 1) The PDSN / LAC sends a CHAP inquiry to the MS. (Step 2) The MS responds with its NAI and an inquiry-type response calculated based on the inquiry and the secret shared with the native AAA in the GPRS system. The PDSN / LAC sends a RADIUS access request. Because the domain name of MS's NAI indicates a GPRS system, the RADIUS access request can be posted by interviewing AAA and IIF. The IIF proxy to the message of AAA in the GPRS system. IIF can correct the message according to [3GPP TS 29.061]. (Step 3) If the authentication is successful, the native AAA responds with RADIUS access acceptance. The message can be delivered back to PDSN / LAC via IIF and visited AAA. The IIF inserts the tunnel server endpoint 98029.doc -32- 200541245 attribute into the RADIUS access acceptance. This attribute informs the PDSN / LAC to establish an L2TP tunnel with the IIF used as the LNS. The PDSN / LAC sends CHAP successfully to notify the MS that the authentication was successful. (Step 4) The PDSN / LAC establishes an L2TP tunnel / session with the IIF serving as the LNS. During the establishment of the L2TP tunnel / session, the PDSN / LAC forwards the LCP information (exchanged between the MS and the PDSN / LAC) to the IIF. Before IPCP negotiation, the IIF LNS function can initiate a CHAP query (not shown in the figure) to authenticate the MS. (Step 5) The IIF SGSN function establishes a GTP tunnel with the GGSN in the home GPRS system, and can request an IP address from the GGSN. The IIF derives an APN, which has this format: <network ID> .mnc &lt; MNC &gt; .mcc &lt; MCC &gt; .gprs. &lt; Network ID &gt; is the realm portion of the ΝΑΙ of the MS and is used to indicate which GGSN the MS wishes to access for the requested service. &lt; MNC &gt; and &lt; MCC> are IMSIs derived from MS. The NAI and IMSI of the MS can be obtained from the RADIUS access request in step 3. The IIF SGSN function uses the exported APN as a query name to query the GPRS DNS server (not shown in the figure) and obtains a list of available GGSNs that can be used to support the requested service. The IIF SGSN function sends a PDP context creation request to the selected GGSN. The requested PDP address in this message is set to 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 to request a new IP address. (Step 6) The GGSN responds by creating a PDP context response, which includes the new IP address assigned to the MS. (Step 7) During the PPP IPCP negotiation between the IIF and the MS, this new IP address can be assigned to the MS. (Step 8) The PDSN / FA sends a RADIUS account processing request (start) containing 3GPP2 packet data account processing information [IS-835]. PDSN sends 98029.doc -33- 200541245 RADIUS account processing request (start) containing 3GPP2 packet data account processing information [P.S0001-A V3.0]. Because the domain name of MS ΝΑΙ indicates a GPRS system, the RADIUS account processing request (start) can be delivered to the native AAA in the GPRS system via the visited AAA and IIF. The IIF can correct this message according to [3GPP TS 29.061]. (Step 9) The native AAA responds with a RADIUS account processing response (start), which can be returned to the PDSN via the IIF and the interviewed AAA. (Step 10) The bearer communication traffic passes through the IIF in both directions. For delivery of MS-initiated packets, the IIF delivers the packets received from the MS's L2TP tunnel / session to the MS's GTP tunnel (identified by TEID). For MS terminated packets, IIF delivers packets received from MS's GTP tunnel to MS's L2TP tunnel / session. IPsec can be used to protect the L2TP tunnel / session between PDSN / LAC and IIF and the GTP tunnel between IIF and GGSN. (Step 11) IIF / AAA request for CDMA2000 packet data field mode using simple IP IIF / AAA request for processing RADIUS access request and RADIUS access described above for processing CDMA2000 packet data field mode for using mobile IP The requirements are the same. The IIF request for processing RADIUS access acceptance is similar to the request for processing RADIUS access acceptance for foreign mode of CDMA2000 packet data using mobile IP. However, if the policy of the home GPRS system requires data of the MS that is roaming The communication traffic passes through the home GPRS system through the IIF, and the ha-address VSA is not included in the corresponding RADIUS access request previously received from the visited CDMA2000 packet data system. The media type attribute insert is specified for the RADIUS access acceptance output from the interviewed 98029.doc -34- 200541245 CDMA2000 packet data system. The tunnel server endpoint attribute indicates the IIF / LNS address. The tunnel type attribute indicates L2TP. The tunnel media type attribute indicates IPv4. The IIF requirements for processing RADIUS account processing request start and account processing request breaks are the same as those for the RADIUS account processing request start and account processing request breaks described above for processing CDMA2000 packet data field mode using mobile IP. The IIF request for processing the termination of a RADIUS account processing request is substantially the same as the request for the termination of a RADIUS account processing request for processing CDMA2000 packet data field mode using mobile IP. The VSA is set to No (FALSE), the JLIP technology VSA indicates a simple IP, and the UIF inserts the 3GPP session termination indicator VS A to indicate that the PDP session has ended. Those skilled in the art should understand that information and signals can be represented by using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, the information, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description may be voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof To represent. Those skilled in the art should further understand that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both Implementation. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally based on their function. Whether these features can be implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system by 98029.doc -35- 200541245. Skilled artisans may implement the described functions in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention. Various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or executed with the following items designed to perform the functions described herein: general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), special application integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these . A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSp and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module can be in KRAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, register, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any known in the art Other forms of storage media. An exemplary storage medium may be coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in 98029.doc -36- 200541245 in a user terminal. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments may be provided so that any person skilled in the art may make or use the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand various modifications to these embodiments, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but may be consistent with the widest range of transformations consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. [Schematic description] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a system that includes a home system, an interview system, and an interface entity that enables communication between the home system and the interview system; Figure 2A shows an application action Block diagram of GPRS field mode for IPv4; Figure 2B is a call flow chart showing mobile IPv4 operation in GPRS field mode; Figure 3 A is a block diagram of GPRS field mode using simple IP; Figure 3B is a call flow Figure 4 shows a simple IP operation in GPRS field mode; Figure 4A is a block diagram of a CDMA2000 packet data field mode using mobile IPv4; Figure 4B is a call flow diagram that shows mobile IPv4 operation in CDMA2000 packet data field mode ; Figure 58 is a block diagram of a field model using a simple 1 卩 00 packet data in 2000; Figure 5B is a call flow diagram showing a simple ip in the field pattern of CDMA2000 packet data 98029.doc -37- 200541245 operating.

[Description of main component symbols] AAA

ANSI-41 HLR ANSI-41 VLR D, Gr, Gp, Gi, XI, X2, FA

GGSN

HA

HLR

IIF

LAC

LNS

MS

SGSN Access, Authentication and Account Processing ANSI-41 Home Location Register ANSI-41 Interview Location Register X4 Interface Foreign Agent Gateway GPRS Support Node Home Agent Home Location Register Interconnect and Interaction Function Chain Node Access Control L2TP Network Server Mobile Station Serving GPRS Support Node 98029.doc -38-

Claims (1)

200541245 10. Scope of patent application: 1. A method for attributing users to CDMA2000 packet data using mobile IPv4 to roam from a CDMA2000 packet data system to a visited GPRS system including an SGSN, including: coupling the home system To the interviewed system to enable communication between the home system and the interviewed system. The home CDMA2000 packet information system includes an ANSI-41 home location register, an AAA entity, and a home agent. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the home CDMA2000 packet data system includes an ANSI-41 home location register, an AAA entity, and a home agent, the method further includes: allowing a user to register through a first interface ; And allow the user to register via a second interface. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: supporting the bearer connectivity between the visited system and the home system, so that a foreign agent interface and an AAA interface can be displayed to the CDMA2000 packet through a third interface Data system; and support the bearer connectivity between the interviewed system and the home system, so that a GGSN interface can be presented to the interviewed system through a fourth interface. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: providing an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and a mobile IP tunnel. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: providing a packet route between the GGSN interface and a foreign agent interface 98029.doc 200541245 by function. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing an account processing function by interacting with AAA of a home network for mobile IP field proxy inquiry authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing. 7 · —A method for attributing users to a CDMA2000 packet data using a simple IP to roam from a home CDMA2000 packet data system to a visited GPRS system including an SGSN, including: coupling the home system to the visited system, In order to enable communication between the home system and the interviewed system, the home CDMA2000 packet data system includes an ANSI-41 home location register, an AAA entity, and an LNS. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: allowing a user to register through a first interface; and allowing the user to register through a second interface. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: supporting the connectivity between the visited network and the home network via a third interface; and by presenting a GGSN interface to the visited system and Presenting a normal routing interface to the CDMA2000 packet data system, thereby providing a packet routing function between the GGSN interface and the home system to support the network between the visited network and the home network through a fourth interface Bear connectivity. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: 98029.doc 200541245 providing an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and an IPSec tunnel. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: providing an account processing function by interacting with the AAA of the home network through a fifth interface for L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing. 12. —A method for roaming from a home GPRS system to a visited CDMA2000 packet data system by a GPRS home user using mobile IPv4, wherein the CDMA2000 packet data system includes an ANSI-41 visited location register, an AAA An entity and a packet data service node / foreign agent, the method includes: coupling the home system to the visited system so that communication can be performed between the home system and the visited system, where the home GPRS system includes A GSM home location register, a GGSN and an AAA entity. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: presenting a home agent interface to the interviewed system; and presenting a SGSN interface to the home system by providing between the SGSN interface and the home agent interface A packet routing function to support the bearer connectivity between the visited network and the home network. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: providing an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and a mobile IP tunnel. 1 5 · The method of claim 13, further comprising: allowing a user to register. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: 98029.doc 200541245 interacting with the AAA of the visited network through a fifth interface for mobile IP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing; and by a first The four interfaces interact with the AAA of the home network for 3GPP packet data account processing. 17. —A method for GPRS home users using simple IP to roam from their home GPRS system to an interviewed CDMA2000 packet data system, where the CDMA2000 packet data system includes an ANSI-41 interviewed location register, an AAA entity And a PDSN / LAC entity, the method includes: coupling the home system to the visited system so that communication can be performed between the home system and the visited system, wherein the home GPRS system includes a GSM home location Register, a GGSN and an AAA entity. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: supporting a bearer connectivity between the visited network and the home network by providing a packet routing function. 19 · The method of claim 18, further comprising: · displaying an SGSN interface to the home system; displaying an L2TP network server (LNS) interface to the interviewed system; and a SGSN simulation module and An LNS analog module provides this packet routing function. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: providing endpoints for a GTP tunnel and a mobile L2TP tunnel. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising: allowing a user to register. 98029.doc 200541245 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising: interacting with an AAA entity of the visited network through a fifth interface to perform L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing; and by a sixth The interface interacts with the AAA entity of the home network for 3GPP packet data account processing. 23. · A method for enabling communication between a home CDMA2000 packet data system and a visited GPRS system including a SGSN when a CDMA2000 packet data user using mobile IPv4 belongs to a visited GPRS system, Including: allowing a user to register through a first interface, wherein the first interface couples a GSM home location register simulation module to the SGSN; and allowing the user to register through a second interface, wherein the second interface The interface couples an ANSI-41 interviewed location register simulation module to an ANSI-41 home location register. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the home CDMA2000 packet data interface entity includes an ANSI-41 home location register, an AAA entity, and a home agent. 25. The method of claim 23, further comprising: coupling the home agent to a foreign agent simulation module via a third interface, wherein the foreign agent simulation module supports the interviewed interface entity and the home interface entity. The bearer connectivity enables a foreign agent interface and an AAA interface to be presented to the CDMA2000 packet data interface entity through the third interface; and 98029.doc 200541245 couples a GGSN analog module to a via a fourth interface The SGSN, in which the GGSN simulation module supports the bearer connectivity between the interviewed interface entity and the home interface entity, so that a GGSN interface can be displayed to the interviewed interface entity through the fourth interface. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising: providing endpoints for a GTP tunnel and a mobile IP tunnel. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising: providing a packet routing function between the GGSN interface and the foreign agent interface. 28. The method of claim 23, further comprising: coupling an AAA analog module to the AAA entity via a fifth interface, wherein the AAA analog module performs mobile IP by interacting with AAA of a home network Foreign agent inquiry authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing provide an account processing function. 29. A method that enables communication between a home CDMA2000 packet data system and a visited GPRS system including a SGSN when a home user roaming to a visited GPRS system with a CDMA2000 packet data using a simple IP, The home CDMA2000 packet data system includes an ANSI-41 home location register, an AAA entity, and an LNS. The method includes: coupling an ANSI-41 interviewed location register to the ANSI through a first interface -41 home location register, wherein the ANSI-41 interviewed location register allows a user to register through the first interface; and a GSM home location register is coupled to the 98029 through a second interface. doc 200541245 SGSN, where the GSM home location register allows a user to register via the second interface. 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising: coupling a LAC analog module to the LNS via a third interface, wherein the LAC analog module supports borrowing between the visited network and the home network. Bearing connectivity of the third interface; and coupling a GGSN analog module to the SGSN through a fourth interface, wherein the GGSN analog module supports the visited network and the home network by the following steps The connectivity via the fourth interface is shown in the following: a GGSN interface is displayed to the interviewed system; and a normal routing interface is displayed to the CDMA2000 packet data system, thereby between the GGSN interface and the home system Provides a packet routing function. 31. The method of claim 29, further comprising: providing endpoints for a GTP tunnel and an IPSec tunnel. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising: coupling an AAA simulation module to the AAA entity via a fifth interface, wherein the AAA simulation module provides an account processing function through the following steps. The five interfaces interact with the AAA of the home network for L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing. 33 ·-When a GPRS home user using mobile IPv4 roams to an interviewed CDMA2000 packet information system 98029 including an ANSI-41 interviewed location register, an AAA entity, and a packet data service node / foreign agent. doc 200541245, a method for communicating between a home GPRS system including a GSM home location register, a GGSN, and an AAA entity and the interviewed CDMA2000 packet data system, including: The home agent simulation module is coupled to the packet data service node / foreign agent, wherein the home agent simulation module displays a home agent interface to the interviewed system; and a SGSN simulation module is coupled through a second interface To the GGSN, the SGSN simulation module displays an SGSN interface to the home system to support the visited network and the home network by providing a packet routing function between the SGSN interface and the home agent interface. Bearer connectivity between roads. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising: providing endpoints for a GTP tunnel and a mobile IP tunnel. 35. The method of claim 33, further comprising: coupling an ANSI-41 home location register simulation module to the ANSI-41 visited location register via a third interface; and via a third interface A GSM visited location register simulation module is coupled to the GSM home location register to allow a user to register. 36. The method of claim 35, further comprising: coupling an AAA analog module to the AAA entity via a fourth interface and coupling it to the AAA entity via a fifth interface, wherein the AAA analog module Interact with the AAA of the visited network through the fifth interface for mobile IP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing, and 98029.doc 200541245 Interact with the AAA of the home network through the fourth interface for 3 GPP packet data account processing. 37. A type that enables when a GPRS home user using simple IP roams to an interviewed CDMA2000 packet data system including an ANSI-41 interviewed location register, an AAA entity, and a packet data service node / LAC entity, A method for communicating between a home GPRS system including a GSM home location register, a GGSN and an AAA entity and the interviewed CDMA2000 packet data system, including: using a first interface to convert an SGSN analog module A group is coupled to the GGSN, wherein the SGSN simulation module displays an SGSN interface to the home system; and a LNS simulation module is coupled to the packet data service node / LAC entity through a second interface, wherein the The LNS simulation module presents an L2TP network server (LNS) interface to the interviewed system, wherein the interface provides the packet routing function between the SGSN simulation module and the LNS simulation module. 3 8. The method of claim 37, wherein the bearer connectivity is supported between the visited network and the home network by providing a packet routing function. 3 9. The method of claim 38, further comprising: providing an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and a mobile L2TP tunnel. 40. The method of claim 38, further comprising: coupling an ANSI-41 home location register simulation module to the ANSI-41 visited location register via a third interface, wherein the ANSI-41 home register The location register simulation module allows a user to register; and 98029.doc 200541245 couples a GSM interviewed location register simulation module to the GSM home location register via another third interface, wherein the GSM receiver The location register simulation module allows the user to register. 41. The method of claim 40, further comprising: coupling an AAA analog module to the AAA entity via a fourth interface and coupling it to the AAA entity via a fifth interface, wherein the AAA analog module The group interacts with the AAA entity of the visited network through a fifth interface for L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing, and interacts with the AAA entity of the home network for 3GPP packet data through a sixth interface. Account processing. 42. — A system that uses mobile IPv4 CDMA2000 packet data for home users to roam to a visited GPRS system including an SGSN, including: a CDMA2000 packet data system, which includes an ANSI-41 home location register, An AAA entity and a home agent; and an interface entity that couples the home system to the interviewed system to enable communication between the home system and the interviewed system. 43. The system of claim 42, wherein the home CDMA2000 packet data system includes an ANSI-41 home location register, an AAA entity, and a home agent, and the interface entity further includes: a GSM home location register An analog module that is coupled to the SGSN through a first interface and allows a user to register through a first interface; and 98029.doc -10- 200541245 an ANSI-41 interviewed location register analog module , Which is coupled to the ANSI-41 home location register via a second interface, and allows a user to register through the second interface. 44. The system of claim 42, wherein the interface entity further comprises: a foreign agent simulation module, which is coupled to the home agent through a third interface, and supports the bearer between the interviewed system and the home system Connectivity so that a foreign agent interface and an AAA interface can be exposed to the CDMA2000 packet data system through the third interface; and a GGSN simulation module that is coupled to the SGSN through a fourth interface, and Support the bearer connectivity between the interviewed system and the home system, so that a GGSN interface can be presented to the interviewed system through the fourth interface. 45. The system of claim 44 wherein the interface entity acts as an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and a mobile IP tunnel. 46. The system of claim 45, wherein the interface entity provides a packet routing function between the GGSN interface and the foreign agent interface. 47. The system of claim 42, wherein the interface entity further includes: an AAA simulation module, which is connected to the AAA entity through a fifth interface, and performs actions by interacting with the AAA of a home network IP foreign agent inquiry authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing provide an account processing function. 48 · —A system where a CDMA2000 packet data using simple IP belongs to a user to roam to a visited GPRS system including an SGSN, including: A CDMA2000 packet data system, which includes: ANSI- 98029.doc -11- 200541245 41 Home register, -AAA entity and -LNS; and &quot; Faces, which couple the home system to the recipient so that communication can be made between the system and the interview " Take 49. The system of item 48, in which the interface entity further includes:-ANSI-41 interviewed location register, which is connected to-the-: A Cong · 41 home location register, It is expected that: the first interface is registered; and the household register is registered by the-GSM home location register, which is coupled to the T user through a second SGSN and allows-user #. 50. The system according to item 49, wherein the interface entity further includes:-a LAC simulation module, which is connected to the LNS through a third interface, and supports the connection between the visited network and the home network Carrying connectivity through this interface; and 3 μ two one GGSN analog module It consumes which N through a fourth interface, and by displaying a time to the interviewed system, and a normal routing interface to the CDMA meaning packet data system, from: in the GGSN interface A packet routing function is provided between the system and the home system to support the bearer connectivity between the visited network and the home network through the fourth interface. 51. 52. A system that seeks item 50 The interface is used for the end of a GTP tunnel and an IPSec tunnel. As in the system of claim 51, the interface further includes: an AAA simulation module, which is established via a fifth interface " Is coupled to the AAA entity, and provides an account processing function by interacting with the aaa of the borrowed network through the fifth interface 98029.doc -12- 200541245 for L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing . 53.-A type of GPRS home subscriber using mobile IPv4 to roam to an interviewed CDMA2000 packet data system that includes an ANSI-41 interviewed location register, an AAA entity, and a packet data month good service node / foreign agent The system includes: a home GPRS system including a GSM home location register, a GGSN, and an AAA entity; and an interface entity that couples the home system to the interviewed system, where the interface entity enables access Communication between the home system and the interviewed system. 54. The system of claim 53, wherein the interface entity further comprises: a home agent simulation module, which is coupled to the packet data service node / foreign agent through a first interface, and displays a home agent interface to The interviewed system; and an SGSN simulation module, which is coupled to the GGSN via a second interface, and presents an SGSN interface to the home system by passing between the SGSN interface and the home agent interface Provide a packet routing function to support the bearer connectivity between the visited network and the home network. 55. The system of claim 54, wherein the interface entity acts as an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and a mobile IP tunnel. 56. The system of claim 54, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an ANSI-41 home location register simulation module, which is coupled to the ANSI-41 interviewed location register via a third interface; And 98029.doc -13- 200541245 A GSM interviewed location register simulation module, which is coupled to the GSM home location register via a third interface to allow a user to register. 57. The system of claim 56, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an AAA analog module coupled to the AAA entity via a fourth interface and coupled to the AAA entity via a fifth interface, using Interacting with the AAA of the visited network through the fifth interface for mobile IP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing, and interacting with the AAA of the home network through the fourth interface for 3GPP packet data account deal with. 5 8 · —A system for roaming to a visited CDMA2000 packet data system including an ANSI-41 visited location register, an AAA entity, and a PDSN / LAC entity using a simple IP-based GPRS home subscriber, including: A home GPRS system that includes a GSM home location register, a GGSN and an AAA entity; and an interface entity that couples the home system to the interviewed system, where the interface entity enables access to the home system Communication with the interviewed system. 59. The system of claim 58, wherein the interface entity supports the bearer connectivity between the visited network and the home network by providing a packet routing function. 60. The system of claim 59, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an SGSN simulation module, which is coupled to the GGSN through a first interface, and presents an SGSN interface to the home system; and an LNS An analog module, which is coupled to the packet 98029.doc -14- 200541245 data service node / LAC entity through a second interface, and presents an L2TP network server (LNS) interface to the interviewed system, The interface provides the packet routing function between the SGSN analog module and the LNS analog module. 61. The system of claim 60, wherein the interface entity acts as an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and a mobile L2TP tunnel. 62. The system of claim 61, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an ANSI-41 home location register simulation module, which is coupled to the ANSI-41 interviewed location register via a third interface, A user is allowed to register; and a GSM visited location register simulation module is coupled to the GSM home location register via another third interface, and the user is allowed to register. 63. The system of claim 62, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an AAA analog module coupled to the AAA entity via a fourth interface and coupled to the AAA entity via a fifth interface, using Interacting with the AAA entity of the visited network through a fifth interface for L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing, and interacting with the AAA entity of the home network for 3GPP packet data through a sixth interface Account processing. 64. An interface entity that enables communication between a home CDMA2000 packet data system and a visited GPRS system including a SGSN when a home user using mobile IPv4 CDMA2000 packet data roams to a visited GPRS system . 98029.doc -15- 200541245 65. If the interface entity of claim 64, the local CDMA2000 packet data interface entity includes an ANSI-41 home location register, an AAA entity, and a home agent, and the interface entity further Including: a GSM home location register simulation module, which is coupled to the SGSN through a first interface, and allows a user to register through a first interface; and an ANSI-41 interviewed location register simulation The module is coupled to the ANSI-41 home location register via a second interface, and allows a user to register through the second interface. 66. If the interface entity of claim 64, the interface entity further comprises: a foreign agent simulation module, which is coupled to the home agent through a third interface, and supports the interviewed interface entity and the home interface entity Connectivity between carriers, so that a foreign agent interface and an AAA interface are exposed to the CDMA2000 packet data interface entity through the third interface; and a GGSN simulation module that is coupled to the CDMA2000 packet interface through a fourth interface SGSN, and support the bearer connectivity between the interviewed interface entity and the home interface entity, so that a GGSN interface is presented to the interviewed interface entity through the fourth interface. 67. The interface entity of claim 66, wherein the interface entity acts as an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and a mobile IP tunnel. 68. The interface entity of claim 67, wherein the interface entity provides a packet routing function between the GGSN interface and the foreign agent interface. 69. If the interface entity of claim 64, the interface entity further includes: 98029.doc -16- 200541245 An AAA simulation module, which is coupled to the AAA entity through a fifth interface, and is connected with a home Network AAA interaction provides mobile IP foreign agent inquiry authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing to provide an account processing function. 70. An interface entity that enables communication between a home CDMA2000 packet data system and a visited GPRS system including an SGSN when a CDMA2000 packet data user using simple IP belongs to a visited GPRS system . 71. If the interface entity of claim 70, the local CDMA2000 packet data system includes an ANSI-41 home location register, an AAA entity, and an LNS, and the interface entity further includes: an ANSI-41 interviewed location A register that is coupled to the ANSI-41 home location register via a first interface and allows a user to register through the first interface; and a GSM home location register that passes a second An interface is coupled to the SGSN and allows a user to register through the second interface. 72. The interface entity of claim 71, wherein the interface entity further comprises: a LAC analog module, which is coupled to the LNS via a third interface, and supports the connection between the visited network and the home network. Carrying the connectivity through the third interface; and a GGSN analog module, which is coupled to the SGSN through a fourth interface, and by displaying a GGSN interface to the interviewed system and a normal routing interface Show to the CDMA2000 packet data system to provide a packet routing function between the GGSN interface and the home system 98029.doc -17- 200541245 to support the connection between the visited network and the home network The fourth interface carries connectivity. 73. The interface entity of claim 72, wherein the interface entity acts as an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and an IPSec tunnel. 74. The interface entity of claim 73, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an AAA simulation module, which is coupled to the AAA entity through a fifth interface, and through the fifth interface and the home network AAA interaction provides L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing to provide an account processing function. 75. An interface entity that enables a GPRS home user using mobile IPv4 to roam to an interviewed CDMA2000 packet including an ANSI-41 interviewed location register, an AAA entity, and a packet data service node / foreign agent The data system can communicate between a home GPRS system including a GSM home location register, a GGSN and an AAA entity and the visited CDMA2000 packet data system. 76. If the interface entity of claim 75, the interface entity further comprises: a home agent simulation module, which is coupled to the packet data service node / foreign agent through a first interface, and displays a home agent interface To the interviewed system; and an SGSN simulation module, which is coupled to the GGSN through a second interface, and presents an SGSN interface to the home system, so as to communicate between the SGSN interface and the home agent interface A packet routing function is provided to support the bearer connectivity between the visited network and the home network. 77. The interface entity of claim 76, wherein the interface entity serves as an endpoint for a 98029.doc -18-200541245 GTP tunnel and a mobile IP tunnel. 78. The interface entity of claim 76, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an ANSI-41 home location register simulation module, which is coupled to the ANSI-41 interviewed location register via a third interface. ; And a GSM visited location register simulation module, which is coupled to the GSM home location register via a third interface to allow a user to register. 79. The interface entity of claim 78, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an AAA analog module coupled to the AAA entity via a fourth interface and coupled to the AAA entity via a fifth interface, using Interacting with the AAA of the visited network through the fifth interface for mobile IP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing; and interacting with the AAA of the home network for 3 GPP packet data through the fourth interface Account processing. 80 · —An interface entity that enables a GPRS home user using a simple IP to roam to an interviewed CDMA2000 packet containing an ANSI-41 interviewed location register, an AAA entity, and a packet data service node / LAC entity In the data system, communication can be performed between a home GPRS system including a GSM home location register, a GGSN and an AAA entity and the visited CDMA2000 packet data system. 81. The interface entity of claim 80, wherein the interface entity supports the bearer connectivity between the visited network and the home network by providing a packet routing function. 82. The interface entity of claim 81, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an SGSN simulation module, which is coupled to the 98029.doc -19- 200541245 GGSN through a first interface, and displays an SGSN interface To the home system; and an LNS simulation module, which is coupled to the packet data service node / LAC entity through a second interface, and presents an L2TP network server (LNS) interface to the interviewed system The interface provides the packet routing function between the SGSN analog module and the LNS analog module. 83. The interface entity of claim 82, wherein the interface entity acts as an endpoint for a GTP tunnel and a mobile L2TP tunnel. 84. The interface entity of claim 83, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an ANSI-41 home location register simulation module, which is coupled to the ANSI-41 interviewed location register via a third interface. And allows a user to register; and a GSM visited location register simulation module, which is coupled to the GSM home location register via another third interface, and allows the user to register. 85. If the interface entity of claim 84, wherein the interface entity further comprises: an AAA simulation module, which is coupled to the AAA entity via a fourth interface and to the AAA entity via a fifth interface, using Interacting with the AAA entity of the visited network through a fifth interface for L2TP authentication and 3GPP2 packet data account processing; and interacting with the AAA entity of the home network for 3GPP packet data through a sixth interface Account processing. 98029.doc -20-