SU506905A1 - Device for group learning - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to training devices and can be used for group training in controlling various means.

Classes are known for group training and driver training, for example, auto-training classes intended for group training of automobile drivers. Well-known auto-training classes contain from 4 to 15 training places, equipped with car control bodies, a master of industrial training, a film projector, a screen, a tape recorder, light and sound signals, and auxiliary electrical equipment. Each training space is equipped with an electric motor and a device that allows simulating the operation of an internal combustion engine and registering its overload. The electrical part of the auto-training class contains a control unit, a unit for simulating road traffic conditions, receiving units and comparing the reactions of the students with the optimal ones, recording and indicating the errors of the students. However, the well-known auto-gymnastics classes are mainly used to teach how to control the driving technique of a car only during the initial training period, they do not solve the training of drivers on driving tactics, such as the ability to drive a car out of

emergency situations, do not monitor the actions of students in the time mode at the time of the occurrence of complex and dangerous road and traffic situations simulated by projections on the screen.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the educational process and expand the functionality of the auto-training class. In the described device

This is achieved by the fact that it contains a block for determining the onset of an emergency, connected to a block for simulating road conditions, and a block for changing the time to the reaction of trainees connected to the control block

and with comparison blocks.

FIG. 1 shows a class block diagram for group training; in fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a class implementation example. The device for group training contains several workplaces for trainees with car driving controls, a workshop master of production training, as well as a film projector, two slide projectors, a screen, light and sound signals imitating traffic conditions and road traffic. The electrical part of the class contains a control unit 1, a sensor block for receiving reactions of trainees 2 and 3, a block for comparing reactions of trainees with optimal 4 and 5, a block for simulating road traffic conditions 6, a block for changing the time for the reaction of trainees 7, a block for determining the beginning of an emergency situation 8, blocks indications of correcting and curing reactions of trainees 9 and 10 and blocks for registering correct and incorrect reactions of trainees 11 and 12. The outputs of control unit 1 are connected to the inputs of blocks of receiving sensors 2 and 3 and comparing the reactions of trainees 4 and 5, block and mitigating the road conditions of motion 6, the block of time change to the reaction of trainees 7 and the block for determining the beginning of an emergency situation 8. The output of the block for simulating road conditions of motion 6 is connected to the input of the block for determining the beginning of an emergency situation 8, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the control unit 1 and the comparison comparison blocks the trainees with optimal 4 and 5. The output of the unit of time change to the reaction of trainees 7 is connected to the input of the control unit 1 and to the inputs of the comparing units of the reactions of trainees 4 and 5. The outputs of the reaction reception blocks of trainees 2 3 are connected to the inputs of comparing trainees reactions blocks 4 and 5, whose outputs are connected to inputs of display units 9 and 10 and the registration of correct and incorrect responses trainees 11 and 12.

The control unit 1 contains current switches 13, 14, 15, and 15a, relays 16 and 17, control buttons 18 and 19, diode 20, and knob switches 21, 21a, and 22. Button 18 and relay 16 are used to determine the beginning of a danger signal. The button 19 is designed to unlock the relay 16 and the relay of the comparison of the reactions of the trainees 4 and 5. The diode 20 serves as a current valve between the control unit and the units of the comparison of the response of the trainees. Switch 21 is used to change signals that imitate the danger of road traffic conditions, switch 21a - to change the program of operation of the controls of training places for each signal imitating danger, switch 22 - to change the program of controls of the controls of training places for each (separately) emergency removal, projected on the screen.

The sensor modules for receiving reactions of trainees 2 and 3 contain buttons 23 and 24, which control the start of depressing the brake pedal, and respectively buttons 25 and 26 - pressing the clutch pedal, buttons 27 and 28 - turning the steering wheel to the right, buttons 29 and 30 - turning the steering wheel to the left , buttons 31 and 32 - start of pressing the footswitch light, buttons 33 and 34 - pressing the gas pedal, as well as separation diodes 35 and 36.

The units for comparing the reactions of trainees with optimal 4 and 5 each contain three relays 37, 38, 39 and 40, 41, 42, respectively. Relays 37 and 10 are designed to record the beginning and end of the optimal time for the trainee's reaction. Relays 38 and 41 are designed to fix the wrong, and relay 39 n 42 - the correct reactions of students.

The road simulation simulator 6 contains light signals 43, 44, 45, 5 46, 47, 48 and audio signals 49 and 50, slide projectors 51 and 52, a film projector 53 and a tape recorder (not shown). The light signals 43, 44 and 45 are designed to provide green, yellow and red respectively.

0 traffic lights, signals 46 and 47 to emit a light signal simulating danger to the left or right of the trainees, and signal 48 to turn on the headlights placed in front of the trainees. The audio signals 49 and 50 are designed to simulate a sound hazard approaching to the left or right of the trainees. The overhead projector 51 serves for static projection on the screen of road traffic situations, not

0 containing hazards, and overhead projector 52 - emergency situations or tasks for the passage of intersections. Cinema projector 53 is necessary for projecting onto the screen in the dynamics of road traffic situations containing

5 any hazards or emergency situations.

The unit for changing the time for the reaction of trainees 7 is made in the form of a clock generator containing a thyratron 54, a relay 55, a capacitor 56, a diode 57, a resistor 58 and a variable resistor 59, designed to control the speed of the generator.

The block for determining the beginning of an emergency situation 8 is made in the form of a photo relay containing a photoresistance 60, a relay 61, a capacitor 62 and a diode 63.

The display units for correct and incorrect reactions of trainees 9 and 10 each contain two lamps 64, 65 and 66, 67, respectively.

0 Lamps 64 and 66, painted red,

intended to indicate abnormal,

and lamps 65 and 67, painted in green

color - the correct reactions of the trainees.

The registration units for correct and incorrect reactions of trainees 11 and 12 contain pulse counters 68 and 69, 70 and 71. Counters 68 and 70 are designed to determine the number of errors and incorrect reactions, and counters 69 and 71 register the number of correct reactions of trainees.

The operation of the described device consists of testing and training the psycho-physiological qualities of the trainees using light and sound signals; learning how to get a car out of emergency situations simulated using static projections on the screen; learning driving tactics with the movie.

1. Testing and training the psycho-physiological qualities of trainees using light and sound signals. Set the variable resistor 59 to the position of the longest duration of time for the reaction of the trainees, and the switch 21 to the position

for example, to emit a sound signal 49,

located to the left of the trainees and imitating the appearance of road hazard on this side. Then, in the closed state, the switch 13 presses the button 18. This activates the relay 16, which is blocked by its own contacts 72, and the relay 17, which is blocked by the contacts 73. The current to the relay 17 goes through the switches 15a and the normally closed contacts 74 of the relay 16 before opening them. From the relay 17, the current flows through the switch 21 to the audible signal 49 and to the relay 37 of the unit of comparison of the reactions of students 4, which opens contacts 75 and 76 and closes the contacts 77, as well as the relay 40 of the unit of comparison of the reactions of students 5, which opens the contacts 78 and 79 and closes the contacts 80. At the same time through the normally closed contacts of the button 19, the current flows to the switch 21a and then to the buttons 27 and 28 of the reaction receiving units of trainees 2 and 3. The students, previously instructed by the master about the conditionality and nature of the danger and control Mobil in the road situation, hear a beep on the left crank the wheel to the right and press the brake pedal, stopping the car and driving off to the right from danger. In this case, the contacts of the buttons 23 and 27, 24 and 28 are closed. The current through the buttons 27 and 23 and the closed contacts 77 of the relay 37 goes to the relay 39, which, blocked by the contacts 81, disconnects the contacts 82 from the relay circuit 38 and turns on the pulse counter 69 and the lamp 65, indicating and registering the correct response of the student. At the same time, the current through buttons 28 and 24 and the closed contacts 80 of relay 40 goes to relay 42, which, blocked by contacts 83, disconnects contacts 84 from relay circuit 41 and turns on a pulse counter 71 and lamp 67, indicating and registering the correct response of the other student.

Along with these circuits, the relay 17 contacts 85 turns on the block of change of time for the reaction of trainees 7, the relay 55 of which after 2.0-0.5 s activates and opens the contacts 86, turning off the relays 17, 37 and 40, as well as the acoustic signal 49.

When the students do not have time to react to the sound signal and they lag behind the steering wheel or press the brake pedal, then when the relays 37 and 40 are off, the current from the reaction receiving sensors block 2 passes through the closed contacts 75 to the relay 38-42, which are blocked by the contacts 87 - 90, include counters 68, 71 and the lamp 64, registering and indicating the wrong reaction of the student.

Identical to the current from the sensor block receiving reactions 3, passes to the relay 41, which, blocked by contacts 84, turns on the counter 70 and the lamp 66, registering and indicating the wrong reaction of the other student.

If the students release the gas pedal until a danger signal appears, in order to

first pressing the brake pedal, then through normally closed buttons 33 and 34 of the reaction receiving sensor blocks and contacts 76 and 79 of relay 37 and 40, current flows into the comparison blocks of reactions 4 and 5 and further through the contacts of relay 38 and 41 to blocks 9, 10 , 11 and 12, an indicator and registering the errors of students.

Before repeating the danger signal, press the button 19 to unlock the relay of the comparison block 4 and 5.

Multiple repetition of the issuance of light and sound signals that mimic the danger, with a gradual decrease in the time for reaction with the help of block 7, determines the shortest reaction time of each student.

Then, by grouping students who have approximately the same reaction time, they continue to train them, improving their psycho-physiological qualities (attention and observation).

2. Learning the methods of car driving out of emergency situations simulated with the help of static projections on the screen. The switch 14 through the normally closed contacts 91 of the relay 16 turns on the projection lamp of the overhead projector 51, which projects the usual traffic-free environment onto the screen, which does not contain danger. The switches 21 and 21 a are set to zero, and the switch 22 is set to the position corresponding to the program for operating the controls when the car is taken out of an emergency situation, which in turn must be projected onto the screen. When the control unit button 18 is pressed, the relay 16 is turned on, which contacts 91 turn off the projection lamp of the overhead projector 51, and contacts 92 turn on the projection lamp of the overhead projector 52, whose cassette is filled with transparencies to project emergency situations. In this case, the image on the screen of the usual road traffic situation is replaced with an emergency situation, due to the addition of the usual situation with elements of danger. Learning, previously instructed by the master, in a short period of time, recognize the danger of an emergency situation and, operating with control elements, prevent a conditional accident.

The electrical part of the class works in the same way as described above.

3. Learning driving tactics with the help of the movie. When the switch 13 is closed, the film projector 53, which projects the road conditions captured in real-world conditions from the cab of a driving vehicle, is put into operation with the help of switch 15. Then, the button 18 is pressed, turning on the relay 16, while the relay 17 remains off, since the switches 15a were previously open. At the beginning of the emergence on the screen of an emergency, the photoresistance 60 of the block for determining the beginning of an emergency situation 8 is illuminated by a lamp (not shown) through a bright section that separates their tape, for example, a tape recorder, and a sound film. Relay 61 is triggered and contacts 93 turns on relay 17. Learners operate controls to take the vehicle out of an emergency, and the sensor receiving, comparison, recording and indication of the reaction of students, as well as the block of response time, work in the same way as described above. When the next complex traffic situation appears on the screen, the block for determining the beginning of an emergency situation 8 by contacts 93 again turns on relay 17 and unlocks contacts 94 of the relay of reaction comparison blocks 4 and 5, and is ready for new comparisons of reactions.

The process then repeats.

The master of industrial training, the sequence and nature of emergencies taken on the film, ensures timely change of the positions of the switch 22, supplying current to the sensor blocks of receiving reactions 2 and 3, changes the program of operating the controls for the trainees before each situation.

The class works in a similar way when teaching the rules of how intersections travel by projecting onto the screen tasks in dynamics or in statics to solve them by students in the time mode immediately behind the wheel of a car.

If trainees receive incorrect reactions according to the nature of operating with controls (for example, where it was necessary to turn the steering wheel to the right, they turned it to the left or did not operate with controls at all in difficult situations), the display and recording units of the reactions indicate and register errors as each time the unit triggers a response to reaction 7, its contacts 86 open, turning off relays 37 and 40, and contacts 95 close, passing current through diodes 96 and 97 into comparison units to relays 38 and 41, which do not fix the right reactions.

Repeated training for solving problems arising from road traffic situations and emergency situations projected on the screen, with block 7 gradually decreasing the response time

learners, teach driving tactics and train the psychophysiological qualities of learners (observation and attention, operational memory and thinking), improving the functions of the driver in conditions of lack of time, when he has to perceive the incoming information, remember it, comprehend and work without help.

A device for group training in such an implementation increases the efficiency

training sessions and allows you to learn how to take a car out of emergency situations and rules for driving through intersections, providing a study of the actions of learners in a mode where the time factor becomes crucial.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A group training device containing a control unit connected to a road condition simulation unit, a signal receiving and output unit and a comparison unit, one of the inputs of which is connected to the response and recording signal receiving and outputting units, and the outputs to the correct and incorrect reactions of trainees, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the educational process and expand the functionality of the device, it contains a block for determining the beginning of an emergency situation, connected to the block Simulates road conditions, and a unit time varying on the reaction of trainees connected to the control unit and the comparing unit.