RU90691U1 - AUTOMATED FIRE ALARM SYSTEM AND FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM IN VEHICLES CARS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in carriages of vehicles, including a control unit, sensors for monitoring fire hazardous parameters placed in each carriage, fire extinguishing means and their triggering devices, configured to transmit an information signal to the control unit, characterized in that the control unit is combined with a device for collecting and transmitting information through a signal level converter and with an automatic switching device ctric circuits with the formation of a control and control unit, configured to provide communication with each control sensor and with each control device of the executive fire extinguishing means through the corresponding electromagnetic interference filters, and the control and control unit is located directly in each car and is able to perform an additional control function the state of the communication line, monitoring sensors and devices for launching executive fire fighting equipment. ! 2. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control and control unit installed in each carriage is configured to transmit an information signal through the interface about all monitored parameters, including the fire indicating the car number to the driver’s cab . ! 3. The automatic system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of switching to manual mode from the driver’s cab with the address launch of executive fire extinguishing means of a specific car. ! 4. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that �

Description

The utility model relates to automatic fire protection control systems for non-stationary objects with a variable configuration of the object itself, mainly on multi-section transport systems, for example, in the salons of subway trains and railway vehicles.

Designed to extinguish class A and B fires in conditions of train movement with passengers in tunnels, as well as when parking (sediment) e / trains in tunnels, in an electric depot and on station platforms.

Known automated control system for fire protection (RF patent No. 2135240 class. A62C 37/00, G05B 15/00, publ. 1999). This system includes sensors of various initial parameters (primary devices for collecting information), actuators (starting, blocking, switching devices), signal converters, an emergency warning unit connected by a control unit, which consists of a remote control and a logical unit.

The presence of a false detection unit in this system increases its reliability, however, the lack of control over the health of the unit itself significantly reduces the possibility of its use in difficult operating conditions, and its rigid linear construction makes it difficult to apply to objects with a variable configuration (for example, carriages).

Known utility model "Automatic fire alarm and fire fighting control in mobile vehicles" (RF patent No. 39832, class A62C 37/00, G08B 25/00, publ. 2004).

This utility model relates to automatic fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing control and can be used to organize automatic fire alarm and control fire extinguishing installations on cars, trolleybuses, tractors, armored vehicles, self-propelled construction and agricultural equipment. Heat detectors are connected to a central control unit, including an information collection device, a control device for all components of the system, a control device and an event memory unit (black box). The central control unit is connected to a hand-held unit for activating fire extinguishing systems and a vehicle engine starting system, fire extinguishing executive devices, a light signaling device and an audible signaling device, and is configured to switch to a manual stand-alone control mode using a manual unit for activating fire extinguishing means when a vehicle engine starting system is turned on facilities. This system increases the likelihood of fire detection, increases reliability and ensures the safety of people in the vehicle.

However, the achievement of the required technical result is hindered by the absence in the system of the device of automatic control of the current state of the system itself, which, when operational damage to any device of the system can lead to false alarms or to failure.

The invention is known “System for extinguishing a fire in a train” (RF patent No. 2357776, class A62C 3/07, publ. 2009)

This invention relates to systems for automatic fire extinguishing in a train carriage and includes, sensors for monitoring fire hazard parameters (fire detection units) located in a train carriage and configured to detect a fire occurrence; a control unit for receiving a signal from sensors for monitoring fire hazardous parameters and detecting a fire; nozzle blocks of executive fire extinguishing means installed in train cars and made for spraying extinguishing agent when the control unit detects a fire; and fire extinguishing agent supply units (fire extinguishing executive means), comprising housings associated with nozzle blocks and filled with fire extinguishing agent (fire extinguishing agent) at a given pressure, triggering devices — valves for selectively opening and closing the bodies and nozzle blocks and actuators for actuating the valves under the control of the control unit. The invention allows to increase the speed of fire detection in a car and take countermeasures.

The reason that impedes the use of this invention is the lack of reliability in the operation of this system, since the control unit (one) is located only in the driver’s cab and upon receipt of a signal from the cars, failure to transmit information about the number of the car cannot be ruled out, which may result in a false response. It should also be noted the absence in the known system of the device of automatic control of the current state of the system itself, which, during operational damage to any device in the system, can lead to false alarms or to failure.

By the set of essential features and the technical result achieved, the closest technical solution to the claimed utility model is the invention according to patent No. 2357776, which is selected as a prototype.

The task to which the proposed system is aimed is to increase the reliability of the system by reducing the likelihood of false positives and by providing automatic control of all changes in the state of the system.

The technical result achieved by using the proposed automatic system is expressed in ensuring maximum reliability of the system by eliminating the possibility of false alarms. This is the result of the targeted placement of control and management units (BKU) in each car. At the same time, the reliability of the operation of the automatic system increases, since it provides the ability to automatically control the current state of the system itself:

- fire detection in controlled salons of vehicles;

- warning the driver (driver) about the fire indicating the number of the car;

- extinguishing a fire in automatic mode by automatically starting executive means when two control sensors are triggered;

- targeted launch of executive fire extinguishing means in manual mode;

- monitoring the extinguishing process;

- warning the driver about the extinguishing result;

- exchange of current information through the interface;

- recording and storing in Non-Volatile Memory (EPR) information about all changes in the state of the system with reference to real time;

Using the proposed system provides continuous round-the-clock work on rolling stock.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in the carriages of vehicles, including a control unit, fire hazardous monitoring sensors placed in each carriage, fire extinguishing actuators and their triggering devices, configured to transmit an information signal to the control unit characterized in that the control unit is combined with a device for collecting and transmitting information through a level converter in bulk and with a device for automatic switching of electric circuits with the formation of a control and control unit, configured to provide communication with each control sensor and with each control device of the executive fire extinguishing means through appropriate electromagnetic interference filters, and the control and control unit is located directly in each carriage and is made with the ability to perform an additional function of monitoring the status of the communication line, monitoring sensors and actuators startup devices firefighting.

The elimination of false alarms and the possibility of transmitting information about the state of the system is ensured by the fact that the monitoring and control unit installed in each car is configured to transmit an information signal through the interface about all controlled parameters, including fire, indicating the car number to the driver’s cab the wagon.

The increase in reliability is additionally ensured by the duplication of the possibility of starting, since the system is capable of switching to manual mode from the driver’s cab with the address launch of the executive fire extinguishing means of a particular car.

The ability to analyze the state of current parameters is ensured by the fact that the system is capable of fixing and storing information about all changes in the state of the system in non-volatile memory with reference to real time.

Control of the extinguishing process is ensured by the fact that the system is capable of monitoring the extinguishing and transmitting information about the extinguishing result to the driver's cab.

As a sensor for monitoring fire hazard parameters, thermal and smoke fire detectors are used.

Depending on the size of the protected volume, the number of sensors for monitoring fire hazardous parameters in the car may vary, but should be at least two.

When using the system in the interior of a subway car, it is preferable to use extinguishing agents with finely divided liquid as the extinguishing means, using an open flame sensor as a sensor, and using an electromagnetic valve as the actuator for launching the extinguishing agents.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated by the block diagram shown in figure 1, where:

1 - control unit, 2 - sensors for monitoring fire hazardous parameters; 3 - fire extinguishing means; 4 - devices for starting fire extinguishing means (3); 5 - a device for collecting and transmitting information; 6 - a device for automatic switching of electrical circuits by a signal from a control unit (1); 7 - electromagnetic interference filter; 8 - signal level converter; 9 - control and management unit (BKU); 10 - interface.

BKU (9) includes: a control unit (1), a device for collecting and transmitting information (5), a device for automatically switching electrical circuits (6) by a signal from a control unit (1), an electromagnetic interference filter (7) and a signal level converter ( 8).

BKU (9) monitors the state of system components and cables for their connection, as well as analyzes information from control sensors (2) when any of them are triggered when the system operates in automatic mode, and also gives a signal to start fire extinguishing means (3).

Control sensors (2) and executive fire extinguishing means (3) are connected via two-wire communication lines.

BKU (1) is connected to a power source (not shown in the diagram).

Information exchange between the proposed system and the control unit in the driver’s cab (not shown in the block diagram) through the control unit (9) is carried out using the standard interface (10).

The software in the control unit (9) is installed using the programmer at the stage of its assembly and should contain the functioning algorithm of the control unit (9) with the basic values of the parameters to be changed.

The configurator program sets each BKU (9) the following:

- Assignment of the serial number of the car;

- the number of control sensors used (2);

- the number of extinguishing means (3).

When extinguishing a fire with a finely sprayed liquid, fire detectors of the Nabat 3 type (IPP 332-3), and Klen (IP 329-7-2) can be used as control sensors (2).

As an executive fire extinguishing means (3) can be used, for example, gas or other installations that are biologically safe and do not pose a threat to human health and the environment.

Modules of the MOVE-6 (z) or MOVE-9 (z) type spraying a finely dispersed extinguishing liquid, the supply of which is carried out by opening an electromagnetic valve - a starting device (3) with the following electrical characteristics, can be used as executive fire extinguishing means (3): Urab = 24 V, P = 6 W, as well as other permitted executive fire extinguishing means (3), which are launched by applying electrical pulses.

The system is powered from the power supply system of the on-board DC network with a rated voltage of 75 V.

All constituent components of the proposed system should be safe for staff and people around during installation, operation, repair, routine maintenance and emergency operation in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-91 and GOST 12.2.007.0-75.

The proposed system operates continuously. For this, power supply is supplied directly to the control unit (9) directly through the circuit breaker. Work is carried out in two main modes: standby mode and fire extinguishing mode.

Standby mode.

In standby mode, the control unit (1) through the signal level converter (8) interrogates information collection and transmission devices (5), continuously monitoring communication lines with fire extinguishing device triggers (4) (3) and fire hazardous sensors (2), through electromagnetic interference filters (7), as well as monitoring signals from sensors for monitoring fire hazardous parameters (2).

The control unit (1) reads the readings of information collection and transmission devices (5) and, upon request, transfers the read data to the control unit in the driver’s cab via the standard interface (10), and the following states are determined:

- Short circuit in the line;

- line break;

- Failure of the starter (4) and fire extinguishing means (3);

- Activation of the monitoring sensor (2).

If there is a malfunction of any of the control channels of the fire extinguishing device launch devices (4), the control unit (1) blocks the possibility of supplying a control signal through this channel from the device for automatic switching of electrical circuits (6).

The operation of only one of the control sensors (2) for a given period of time is considered false and no extinguishing is undertaken, the control unit (1) remains in standby mode, the operation is reported to the control unit in the driver's cab.

Fire fighting mode.

The control unit (1) switches to this mode when two or more control sensors (2) are triggered for a specified period of time.

When the group of control sensors (2) is triggered, the control unit (1) through the switching device of the electric circuits (6) issues a control signal to the start-up device (4) of the fire extinguishing means (3), and the signals are issued only to serviceable control lines of the start-up devices (4).

In fire extinguishing mode, the control unit (1) through the signal level converter (8) interrogates information collection and transmission devices (5) that continuously monitor communication lines with fire extinguishing device start-up devices (4) (3) and fire hazardous sensors (2), through electromagnetic interference filters (7), as well as monitoring signals from sensors for monitoring fire hazardous parameters

The control unit (1) reads the readings of the collection devices and, upon request, transfers the read data to the control unit in the driver’s cab via the standard interface (10), and the following states are determined:

- Short circuit in the line;

- line break;

- Failure of the starter (4) fire extinguishing means (3);

- Activation of the monitoring sensor (2).

If a communication line fault is detected in any of the activated control channels of the launchers (4), this channel is disabled.

Upon successful extinguishing of an open flame source, control sensors (2) in the cabin cease to detect the presence of a flame source. In this case, BKU (9) immediately generates and transmits upon request a signal “Fire extinguished” and a message about the number of the car in the driver’s cab.

All information signals are stored in the non-volatile memory of the control unit (9) with the time and date.

Tests of the proposed system were carried out in the cabin of a car of the Hedgehog series at the site of the Vladykino electric depot in the Moscow Metro.

The system of automatic fire extinguishing with finely dispersed water in the salons of the subway car was checked for compliance with the technical requirements, functional purpose and fire extinguishing efficiency.

As a control sensor (2) used fire detectors (PI) "Nabat 3". As fire extinguishing agents (3), modular plants with a TEMPERO-003 brand fire extinguishing agent (TU 2152-00511622839-2007) with a shell volume of 6 liters were used.

As a trigger device (4), electromagnetic pneumatic valves are used.

Fire detectors (PI), electromagnetic valves, power supplies, a personal computer, and a control and control unit (9) were connected using process cables.

BKU is installed in each car. Modular installation with a fire extinguishing agent was placed in the side walls of the seats of the car at a height of 150-300 mm from the floor.

Fire detectors (PI) were placed as follows:

- the first - on the wall the driver’s cab, in the left corner under the ceiling, at a height of ~ 2 m from the floor;

- the second - diagonally, relative to the first sensor, on the right side wall of the car, provided that the observer is facing the driver’s cabin, at a distance of ~ 0.7 m from the rear wall, at a height of about 1.9 m from the floor.

Fire tests were carried out in automatic and manual modes. In all tests, fires were located on the floor of the car in the most remote and inaccessible places from the point of view of irrigation with a stream of extinguishing agent. Gasoline was used as flammable liquids, and imitation of Class A fires was used by a newspaper.

Example No. 1.

Protected carriage fragments - the front of the carriage 5 meters long from the wall of the equipment compartment or the driver’s cab.

The points of the alleged fire occurrence (placement of pallets with flammable liquids) - 2 pallets with flammable liquids are placed evenly along the axis of the car, 3 pallets directly at the driver's cab wall and 2 pallets at the doorways close to the ends of the seats.

The area of each pallets for flammable liquids is 0.1-0.2 square meters. meter.

The amount of flammable liquid in each pallet is 1 liter of gasoline.

Free burning time - up to 10 sec.

The number of containers with extinguishing agent is 4 cylinders with a capacity of 6 liters each with an electro-pneumatic valve on the shut-off head of each cylinder.

The number of nozzles is 4.

Fire extinguishing subsystem launch - manual.

Example No. 2.

Protected fragments of the car and the points of the alleged occurrence of a fire - similar to example No. 1.

The area of pallets for flammable liquids is 0.1-0.2 sq. meter.

The amount of flammable liquids in each pallet is 1 liter.

The number of containers with extinguishing agent is 4 cylinders with a volume of 6 liters each with an electro-pneumatic valve on the shut-off head of each cylinder.

The number of nozzles is 4.

Fire extinguishing subsystem launch - according to the detectors signals.

The number of detectors is 8.

The exposure time until a possible fire occurs after the fire extinguishing subsystem is completed is 5 minutes.

The total number of tests is not less than three, while the free burning time is 5, 7 and 10 seconds, respectively.

Start-up is automatic (at the signal of fire detectors).

In the process of testing the stopwatch, the time of complete cessation of combustion is measured (in the process of manually starting the subsystem). In tests in the automatic start mode, the time from the start of ignition of the LVH to the start of the system and the time of complete cessation of combustion are measured.

When the subsystem was turned on, it performed its full self-test. Self Test Results - SUBSYSTEM FIXED.

During the tests, the corresponding messages were displayed on the monitor screen.

The functioning of the proposed cabin fire extinguishing system when extinguishing class B fires in the Hedgehog carriage was carried out normally, without failures and false alarms.

The test results in automatic mode are presented in table 1. The test results of the system in manual mode are similar.

Table 1 Type of test exposure Notifications displayed on the monitor with the address Solenoid valve activation Compliance with the requirements of TU Simulation of faults there is no corresponds to Fire simulation according to PI1 there is no corresponds to Fire simulation according to PI2 there is no corresponds to Fire simulation according to PI1 + PI2 there is there is corresponds to

Test results for all examples:

- the time interval from the moment of arson to the moment of the appearance of the extinguishing fluid was less than 2 s .;

- the time interval from the moment of arson to the moment of complete disappearance of the flame was less than 6 s .;

- re-ignition after completion of the fire extinguishing subsystem was not observed.

The test results also confirmed the monitoring of the system according to the information displayed on the screen of a personal computer. The absence of false signals about the fire, signals about violations in work was monitored.

The main types of notices displayed on the monitor during the test of various modes of the system and when simulating faults:

- The power is connected. Diagnostic tests;

- Standby mode;

- Fire hazard;

- Fire alarm;

- Fire alarm. Start executive fire extinguishing means (IS);

- Fire alarm. Start IP in manual mode;

- The fire has been extinguished;

- Faulty communication lines (LAN);

- Faulty drugs executive fire extinguishing means;

- Malfunction of the interface;

- Failure of nodes or blocks;

- Restoration of a regular state.

The performance criterion was the timely detection of a simulated fire, the automatic start of fire extinguishing means, the open and short circuit control of the fire detector loops, the open and short circuit control of the electromagnetic valve communication lines, providing address indication in case of fire and malfunction detection.

The proposed system is adapted to new cars of the 81-740 / 741 Rusich series, as well as to the operating fleet of cars of the Moscow Metro series, for example, Hedgehog and Rusich 81-714 / 717.

Thus, the proposed system is aimed at solving the problem and meets the eligibility criteria under current law.

Claims (10)

1. An automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in carriages of vehicles, including a control unit, sensors for monitoring fire hazardous parameters placed in each carriage, fire extinguishing means and their triggering devices, configured to transmit an information signal to the control unit, characterized in that the control unit is combined with a device for collecting and transmitting information through a signal level converter and with an automatic switching device ctric circuits with the formation of a control and control unit, configured to provide communication with each control sensor and with each control device of the executive fire extinguishing means through the corresponding electromagnetic interference filters, and the control and control unit is located directly in each car and is able to perform an additional control function the state of the communication line, monitoring sensors and devices for launching executive fire fighting equipment. 2. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control and control unit installed in each carriage is configured to transmit an information signal through the interface about all monitored parameters, including the fire indicating the car number to the driver’s cab . 3. The automatic system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of switching to manual mode from the driver’s cab with the address launch of executive fire extinguishing means of a specific car. 4. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to fix and store information about all changes in the state of the system in non-volatile memory with reference to real time. 5. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to monitor the extinguishing and transmitting information about the extinguishing result to the driver's cab. 6. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that heat or smoke detectors are used as a sensor for monitoring fire hazardous parameters. 7. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of sensors for monitoring fire hazard parameters in the car is at least two. 8. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the extinguishing means using extinguishing agents is a finely divided liquid. 9. The automatic system according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that an open flame sensor is used as a sensor. 10. The automatic system according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that a solenoid valve is used as the actuator for actuating the extinguishing means.