RU2760222C1 - Electromagnetic locking device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: security systems.

SUBSTANCE: electromagnetic locking device relates to the field of security technology, in particular to locking devices, locks operating using electromagnetic means, and can be used to lock doors for various purposes, including refrigerator doors and safes. The device contains a housing (12), an electromagnetic lock, a coaxial lock housing (15), a movable crossbar (20) interacting with a ball locking mechanism including a catcher (18) and a retainer (2) made with the possibility of sliding in the lock housing (15), an electromagnet with a winding (14) and a core (11). In the retainer (2) on the side facing the electromagnet, a shunt (16) made of magnetic material, a permanent magnet (22) and a disk (23) made of non-magnetic material are installed sequentially in the order from the electromagnet to the crossbar (20). The device contains an electronic control board (4), made with the possibility of connecting to an autonomous power source and communicating with a remote-control device and supplying voltage to the winding (14) of the lock electromagnet.

EFFECT: invention provides a reduction in energy consumption to ensure the possibility of using low-power autonomous power sources, increasing the faultlessness and reliability of the locking device while reducing the dimensions of the product.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

An electromagnetic locking device belongs to the field of security technology, in particular to remote-controlled locking devices, locks operating using electromagnetic means, and can be used to remotely lock / open doors for various purposes, including refrigerator doors and safes.

Electromagnetic locking remote-controlled locking devices are used as "executive devices" according to the GOST R 51241-98 classification in access control systems in rooms for various purposes. The main purpose of these locks is to restrict passage and ensure maximum safety when used in public and residential premises, on stands, display cases, in refrigeration units under the special control of the user. The widespread use of locking devices of this type is facilitated by their high reliability. They firmly hold the door in a closed position, are not afraid of aggressive environments and operate at temperatures from –20 to + 40 ° C, which is important for their outdoor use.

Some of the terms used in this description have the following meanings:

- autonomous power source - a galvanic cell or battery located in the body of the locking device or in the immediate vicinity of it;

-reliability- property of an object, in this case a locking device, to continuously maintain an operable state for some time or operating time (according to GOST 27.002-89);

- with the possibility of sliding - a movable connection of parts made according to sliding or movement landings (C, C ₁ , D, D ₁ ), when the free movement of parts is ensured with their exact centering;

- embedded part - metal elements installed (embedded) in the structure to connect the structural elements to each other;

- calibrated hole - hole with dimensions selected for the purposes of the present invention;

- coil (electromagnet) - in this description, the terms "coil" and "winding" are understood as synonyms;

- magnetic shunt - a part of a magnetic material used to concentrate, weaken or change the configuration of the magnetic flux.

- magnetic material: soft magnetic, that is, not capable of retaining residual magnetism, a material with ferromagnetic properties.

An electromagnetic lock is known, including a crossbar interacting with a safety device in the form of a cylindrical sleeve located in a glass-shaped lock body, coaxially with which a latch capable of longitudinal movement is placed, as well as an electromagnet with a core and a ball locking mechanism installed in the lock body (RU 2298623, E05B 47/02, 20.01.2004).

The disadvantage of this device is the increased consumption of electricity, due to the fact that when the lock is locked, voltage is applied to the coil of the electromagnet and the lock is in a state connected to the network until it is opened.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is an electromagnetic lock (RU 2376434, E05B 47/02 (2006.01), 20.12.2009), including a movable bolt with a head at the end interacting with a ball locking mechanism, an electromagnet with a coil, a core and a cylindrical body inside of which there is a safety device coaxial with the crossbar, made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve, a lock made of a magnetic material in the form of a glass, on the bottom of which a permanent magnet is in contact with the walls of the case, and the side walls have holes for balls, placed with the possibility of sliding in the safety device coaxially with him and the crossbar. The bolt head, attracted by a permanent magnet when the bolt is displaced away from the electromagnet, carries with it the retainer, which, advancing in the catcher, deprives the balls of the locking mechanism of the opportunity to be heard to the sides, freeing the bolt: the lock is locked.

To unlock the lock, a DC voltage is applied to the solenoid coil. The direction of the current in the coil is set so that the resulting magnetic field is in the same direction as the field of the permanent magnet. The retainer pulled to the core of the electromagnet together with the balls of the locking mechanism is held by the electromagnet, releasing the bolt head. Due to the addition of the field of the electromagnet, combined with the field of the permanent magnet, the retainer remains attracted to the core, preventing the bolt from moving the retainer, the lock is unlocked.

The disadvantage of the known lock is the high consumption of electricity to excite the magnetic field in the electromagnet, since the field of the electromagnet does not penetrate well through the bottom of the holder glass. In addition, due to the existence of residual magnetism, the release of the bolt head from the permanent magnet does not occur immediately. It is necessary to maintain the current in the electromagnet for some time, which also reduces the efficiency of the lock. When using autonomous power supplies to power the lock, they are quickly discharged, and therefore the reliability of such a lock is low.

When trying to improve the lock by introducing a remote control device that consumes current in standby mode, the reliability of the lock, determined by the service life of the power supplies, becomes completely unacceptably low.

The objective of the present invention is to provide the possibility of using autonomous low-power power supplies when implementing remote control of the locking device. The technical result is to reduce the energy consumed by the device, which makes it possible to use low-power autonomous sources for its power supply with a high duration of trouble-free operation.

To achieve the specified technical result, the electromagnetic locking device comprises a device body, an electromagnetic lock, a coaxial lock body, a movable bolt interacting with a ball locking mechanism including a safety catch and a lock made to slide in the lock body, an electromagnet with a winding and a core, in a lock with the side facing the electromagnet are installed in series in order from the electromagnet to the bolt: a magnetic shunt, a permanent magnet and a disc made of non-magnetic material, while the device contains an electronic board capable of being connected to an autonomous power supply and communication with a remote control device and voltage supply on the winding of the electromagnet of the electromagnetic lock.

In addition, the magnetic shunt is made in the form of a disk with a central hole made of soft magnetic ferromagnetic material.

In addition, the latch is made in the form of a sleeve, stepped along the outer surface, with the ability to slide the part with a large diameter inside the body of the electromagnet, and the part with a smaller diameter inside the safety device, and the end of the crossbar facing the electromagnet is made thickened with the ability to slide in the latch, and the bolt head is formed by an annular groove in the thickened part.

In addition, the bolt head can be made both cylindrical and spherical. The distance from the collar corresponds to the depth of the catcher so that the collar fits into the retainer.

In addition, the electromagnet core contains two annular protrusions, one of which is located at the end in contact with the magnetic shunt in the bottom part of the latch, the second - in the middle part of the core, and the electromagnet winding is located between them.

In addition, the electromagnetic locking device contains an embedded part made of magnetic material that connects its body to the body of the electromagnetic lock.

In addition, the electronic control board is configured to receive an encoded radio signal, contains a microcontroller with a radio frequency transceiver connected to the controller power supply control unit, an antenna, an on / off element and a connection element with the electromagnet winding.

Thanks to the insertion into the retainer a disc made of non-magnetic material prevents the end of the bolt from sticking to the permanent magnet when the lock is unlocked, which requires an increase in the time the electromagnet remains energized. This reduces power consumption and, thereby increasing the resource of the autonomous power source, increases the reliability of the claimed device, even when equipped with an additional energy-consuming remote control device.

Due to the introduction of a magnetic shunt with a central hole into the latch and its location between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet core, it becomes possible to regulate the magnetic flux of the electromagnet, part of which neutralizes the field of the permanent magnet, and part serves to move the latch to a position that releases the bolt. This reduces the power consumption of the electromagnet, thereby increasing the reliability of the device and making it possible to use low-power external power sources, realizing the remote control of the device.

Due to the implementation of the magnetic shunt from a magnetically soft ferromagnetic material, the reliability of the device increases, since this eliminates the sticking of the bolt and the shunt to the core due to residual magnetism when the electromagnet is off.

The implementation of the end of the bolt facing the electromagnet, thickened with the possibility of sliding in the retainer and the presence of an annular groove forming the bolt head in this thickened part allows, by centering the bolt entry into the device, to prevent its accidental unlocking, eliminates the angular displacement of the bolt relative to the longitudinal axis, which reduces energy consumption by unlocking the lock, thereby increasing the reliability of the device when using low-power autonomous power sources, even when they are additionally loaded by means of remote control.

Due to the design of the retainer in the form of a sleeve, stepped along the outer surface, with the possibility of sliding the part with a large diameter inside the electromagnet body, and the part with a smaller diameter inside the safety catch, and also due to the thickened end of the bolt facing the electromagnet, the bolt and the retainer in the catcher are prevented from sticking, which, contributing to the quick release of the deadbolt, reduces the time the electromagnet is energized and, consequently, the power consumption. Reducing the consumed energy provides a sufficiently long service life of low-power autonomous power sources even with additional loading by means of remote control, thereby increasing the reliability of the device.

An annular recess in the thickened part of the bolt between the bolt head and the annular protrusion, which contains the balls of the locking device, ensures the operability of the ball locking mechanism.

The design of the core of the electromagnet with two flat discs, between which the coil of the electromagnet is located, allows to reduce the loss of magnetic flux due to its dissipation, which makes it possible to neutralize the field of the permanent magnet with less energy consumption, thereby increasing the reliability of the device.

The introduction into the device of an embedded part made of a magnetic material connected to the electromagnet body, reducing the energy consumption, increases the reliability of the device with autonomous power sources. This is achieved by increasing the traction force of the electromagnet, which allows the bolt to be released with a lower current through its winding.

Due to the introduction of a control board into the lock device, made with the possibility of receiving a coded radio signal, supplying and removing voltage on the electromagnet coil, it becomes possible to remotely control the time that the electromagnet is energized. By setting the minimum time required to unlock the lock, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption from autonomous power sources, thereby increasing the reliability of the device. In addition, the convenience of operating the lock device is increased, since it can be operated from a distance.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 is a general view of an electromagnetic locking device.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the electronic control board.

Where:

1 - flange,

2 - the retainer, made stepwise,

3 - LED,

4 - electronic control board,

5 - "reset" button,

6 - contact group,

7, 8 - elements of autonomous power supply type AA,

9 - contact group,

10 - cover,

11 - core,

12 - the body of the electromagnetic locking device,

13 - embedded part,

14 - electromagnet winding,

15 - cylindrical lock body,

16 - shunt made of magnetic material with a hole,

17 - balls

18 - catcher,

19 - bolt head,

20 - crossbar,

21 - thickened circular section of the crossbar,

22 - permanent magnet,

23 - shunt - a disc made of non-magnetic material,

24 - microcontroller with radio frequency transceiver,

25 - controller power supply control unit,

26 - contacts for connecting the board power supply,

27 - on / off output device (key),

28 - contacts for connecting the winding of the electromagnet,

29 - antenna.

The electromagnetic locking device comprises a plastic body 12, in which an electromagnetic lock with a lock body 15 is installed, fixed in the plastic body of the locking device 12 through an embedded part 13 by means of a core 11 with a nut. The housing 12 contains an electronic control board 4, a cavity for autonomous batteries 7, 8, for example, type AA, connected to the contact group 6, 9. In the housing of the electromagnetic locking device, holes are made to access the "reset" button 5 and for the visibility of the signal LED 3. Autonomous batteries are locked with a cover 10.

The electromagnetic lock contains a movable bolt 20 fixed outside the body, a lock body 15 made in the form of a glass with an electromagnet with a winding 14 and a core 11 located in it. The tail part of the core 11 is threaded for fastening the lock to the body 12 by means of a threaded connection. In the inner cavity of the lock body 15 from its open end, a catcher 18, made in the form of a sleeve, partially enters, connected to the lock body 15 by a threaded or pin connection.

Inside the catcher 18 and the body 15, a latch 2 is placed with the possibility of longitudinal movement, made in the form of a sleeve, stepped along the length, consisting of two parts. One part, of a smaller diameter, is made in contact with the walls of the lock body 15, the other part is in contact with the safety catch 18. The end of the lock 2 remote from the electromagnet has a chamfer and conical holes in which the locking balls 17 are located. The lock 2 is always in direct contact with the core 11, for which the door can be equipped with a door closer. Crossbar 20 consists of a stem with a thread at one end. The other end of the bolt 20 facing the electromagnet has a thickened section 21, an annular outer groove and ends with a spherical or cylindrical head 19 with chamfers at the edges.

The head 19 of the bolt 20 and the thickened section 21 of the bolt slide into the latch 2, with the thickened part serving as a guide for the bolt.

At the end facing the electromagnet, the latch 2 has an internal groove in which a disc 23 made of a non-magnetic material, such as brass, is inserted. The permanent magnet 22 is in the form of a disk, and the shunt 16 of magnetic material is made in the form of a washer with a calibrated central hole. The diameter of the hole in the shunt 16 made of magnetic material, its thickness and the thickness of the disc made of non-magnetic material 23 are selected experimentally for each of the standard sizes of the lock in order to provide a clutch force sufficient to securely fix the bolt and at the same time require minimal energy consumption to uncouple the lock.

The core of the electromagnet 11 is made in the form of a rod with two thickenings in the form of flat disks, between which the winding 14 of the electromagnet is wound. Discs located on the core help to fix the winding. The disc closest to the bolt also forms the electromagnet field properly. Winding is done directly onto the rod through a thin insulating film. Such a frameless winding allows the winding to be as close as possible to the core, which, in turn, makes it possible to neutralize the field of a permanent magnet with a lower power consumption, thereby increasing the reliability of the device.

The insert device 13, made of a magnetic material, in addition to the function of holding the electromagnet, contributes to the concentration of the magnetic flux of the electromagnet at the location of the permanent magnet. This reduces the current required to open the lock.

The locking device also contains an electronic control board (controller) 4, which serves to control operating modes and is configured to receive / transmit a coded signal from the remote control unit and then supply voltage to the coil of the electromagnetic lock 14. The electronic board includes an electronic circuit containing a microcontroller 24, in the memory of which there is a key cipher and access codes, as well as a transceiver microcircuit with an antenna 29 for receiving and transmitting a signal from the remote control, a reset button 5 and an indication LED 3. The remote control can be made in the form of an electronic key fob.

The lock is controlled using a radio channel consisting of a control signal transmitter, made in the form of a key fob in a separate housing with control buttons, and an electronic control board 4.

The electromagnetic device works as follows.

An electromagnetic locking device (casing) 12 is mounted, for example, in a door frame. A spring-loaded deadbolt 20 is attached to the door opposite.

When the door is closed, the solenoid coil 14 is de-energized. The end of the bolt 20 with the head 19 falls into the hole of the safety catch 18 and with further movement of the bolt 20 it enters the lock 2.

The head 19 of the bolt 20, passing by the balls 17, abuts against the disk 23 of non-magnetic material and is attracted by the permanent magnet 22. The balls 17, being opposite the depression between the head of the bolt 19 and the projection 21, enter it (into the depression). In this case, the bolt 20, together with the balls and the retainer 2, with which it is interlocked by the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, under the force of the closer moves slightly in the direction from the electromagnet, so that the balls are opposite the narrowed part of the safety catch 18, unable to move apart and release the bolt. The latch 2 carried away by the bolt moves away from the electromagnet and abuts against the lower edge of the safety device 18. The lock is locked. Thickening 21 at the end of the bolt allows centering the bolt at the entrance to the safety catch 18 and preventing its accidental unlocking, eliminates the angular displacement of the bolt relative to the longitudinal axis of the lock, which reduces the energy consumption for unlocking.

To open the lock from an external remote control, an encrypted radio signal is sent for unlocking with a unique code at an authorized radio frequency, received by the electronic control board 4. When the radio signal is received, the microcontroller of the receiver board 4 compares the received code with the code contained in the receiver microcontroller memory. If the codes match, the control board supplies a DC voltage, for example, 3 volts, to the coil 14 of the electromagnet. The direction of the current in the winding 14 is set so that the magnetic field created by the electromagnet has a polarity that coincides with the polarity of the field of the permanent magnet 22. The emerging magnetic field of the electromagnet attracts the latch 2, which is displaced in the catcher 18 towards the electromagnet so that the balls 17 are in the expanded part safety device 18, diverge to the sides, disengaging the deadbolt 20 and the latch 2. At the same time, the magnetic field of the electromagnet, penetrating through the opening of the magnetic shunt 16 to the permanent magnet 22, neutralizes it, thereby releasing the deadbolt 20.

The diameter of the hole in the shunt 16 made of magnetic material for each specific design of the lock is selected experimentally, so that the force of attraction of the latch 2 to the core 11 is sufficient to displace it and at the same time that the magnetic field of the electromagnet penetrating through the hole in the shunt 16 made of magnetic material can neutralize the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 22. This minimizes energy consumption. By selecting the magnitude of the magnetic flux, the grip of the bolt is regulated, thereby reducing the current consumption to 20 mA instead of 100 mA, as in the prototype.

The force of the electromagnet 14, created by the magnetic flux passing along the path of the core 11 - the body of the lock 15 - the latch 2, becomes larger in magnitude, due to the zero magnetic gap between the core 11 and the latch 2, than the force of the permanent magnet 22, while the deadbolt 20 is disengaged from lock 2. When the bolt 20 moves in the opposite direction, the balls 17 move in the transverse direction into the cavity formed between the lock body 15 and the outer surface of the smaller part of the lock 2, which allows the bolt 20 to come out of the central hole of the lock 2.

The locking device is controlled as follows. When you press the key fob (remote control) button, an encrypted radio signal is transmitted with a unique code at an authorized radio frequency. When receiving a radio signal from the remote control - an electronic key fob - by the reader of the microcontroller of the electronic control board 4 of the receiver, the received code is compared with the encoded information of the controller about the code contained in the microcontroller's memory. If the code matches, the board 4 supplies power to the coil of the electromagnet of the lock 14 for a specified time (the time can be set by the user using the service mode) and the door can be opened. The selection of the cipher is almost impossible due to the huge number of possible combinations. After a certain period of time (as a rule, 5–7 seconds), the lock automatically closes, and the user, for example a seller, is given a corresponding light and / or sound signal.

In order to extend the service life of the self-contained power supply, the electronic control board 4 uses low-power components. This saves energy. The function of notifying the user about the opening and closing of the lock where the signal LED 3 is invisible, for example in a refrigeration unit, can be implemented on an external device.

In addition, energy saving is achieved by the key fob mode, which solves the problem of pressing a button or pressing it for a long time. When you press the button, several parcels with a code are issued, and the key fob turns off until the button is released and pressed again. Due to this, there is a saving in power consumption.

To increase the service life of the source, a feedback function was implemented in the key fob. When the key fob button is pressed, a parcel with a code is transmitted; if the receiver received a signal and opened, it sends a signal to the key fob to open the lock, and in the interval until the lock closes, it does not send any parcels.

For the convenience of the user, it is possible to enter the service mode (mode for setting the time for opening the lock, erasing and entering these key fobs) without opening the case. It is also possible to enter the service mode by removing power from the board by disconnecting the battery.

Entering the service mode is carried out by the following algorithm: after power is supplied to the board by connecting the battery for 5-15 seconds. (depending on the wishes of the customer, pre-installation), you can enter the service mode using any compatible key fob. The service mode can also be entered by turning off and then turning on the power supply of the control board. To enter the service mode, after powering on the control board 4 (connect the battery) for 5-15 seconds. (depending on the customer's desire, pre-installation) enter the service mode using any compatible key fob.

The button is used to switch to the service mode without opening the device case (as well as when removing power from the control board for a short time). The indication is used to indicate modes when entering the service mode (mode of entering key fobs, mode of choosing the time for opening the lock, etc .; modes can be added at the request of the customer).

The control board 4, providing remote control of the electromagnetic locking device, can be implemented using standard accessories, for example, using the NRF24L01 radio module and the ATMEGA16 microcontroller as a transceiver. Standard AA batteries were used as a power source. The control panel is created on the basis of standard components in a plastic fire-resistant shock-resistant case.

Tests of the proposed locking device have shown that its reliability is determined only by the service life of autonomous power supplies, since the mechanical elements serve many times longer. Comparative tests have shown that the proposed locking device consumes the energy required to unlock the lock is 5 times less (20 mA instead of 100 mA at the same voltage) than locking devices, where the lock is unlocked by attracting the lock with an electromagnet. Because of this, the uptime of the proposed lock device is about 5 times longer than the uptime of the prototype lock, even with an additional energy-consuming electronic board. When the proposed electromagnetic locking device is powered by galvanic cells of the AA type, the duration of its trouble-free operation is about one year with one hundred lock openings per day.

Claims (6)

1. An electromagnetic locking device containing a device body, an electromagnetic lock, a coaxial lock body, a movable bolt interacting with a ball locking mechanism, including a safety catch and a lock made to slide in the lock body, an electromagnet with a winding and a core, characterized in that in latch on the side facing the electromagnet, a shunt made of magnetic material, a permanent magnet and a disk made of non-magnetic material are installed in series in order from the electromagnet to the bolt control and supply voltage to the electromagnet winding of the electromagnetic lock. 2. Electromagnetic locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic shunt is made in the form of a disk having a central hole made of soft magnetic ferromagnetic material. 3. Electromagnetic locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the latch is made in the form of a bushing, stepped along the outer surface, with the possibility of sliding of a part with a large diameter inside the electromagnet body, and a part with a smaller diameter inside the safety device, and the end of the bolt facing to the electromagnet, it is made thickened with the possibility of sliding in the latch and has an annular groove forming at the end a spherical or cylindrical head with rounded corners, and an annular groove is formed above the bolt head in the thickened part. 4. Electromagnetic locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnet core contains two annular protrusions, one of which is located at the end in contact with the magnetic shunt in the bottom of the retainer, and the second in the lower part of the core, and the electromagnet winding is located between them. 5. Electromagnetic locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a fixing part made of ferromagnetic material, connecting its body with the body and the core of the electromagnetic lock. 6. Electromagnetic locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control board is configured to receive an encoded radio signal, contains a microcontroller with a radio frequency transceiver connected to a controller power supply control unit, an antenna, an on / off element and a connection element with an electromagnet winding.

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