RU2757435C1 - Electromagnetic lock with actuator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: security technology.

SUBSTANCE: electromagnetic lock with an actuator belongs to the field of security technology, in particular to locking devices, locks operating using electromagnetic means, and can be used to lock doors for various purposes, including the doors of refrigerators and safes. The lock contains a coaxial body (26) of the lock, a movable bolt (20) interacting with a ball locking mechanism, including a safety catch (14) and a latch (13) made with the possibility of sliding in the body (26) of the lock and containing a permanent magnet (12), installed at the end of the retainer (13) remote from the safety catcher, while it additionally contains a magnetic shunt (11) installed between the permanent magnet (12) and the bolt (20), as well as an actuator containing a winding (16) on the frame (15) and made of a ferromagnetic material, a movable core (19), whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the lock (13), connected to a rod (17) made of non-magnetic material, made with the possibility of contacting with the lock (13).

EFFECT: reduced energy consumption to ensure the possibility of using low-power sources of autonomous power supply, increased reliability and reliability of the lock while reducing the size of the product.

8 cl, 3 dwg

Description

An electromagnetic lock with an actuator belongs to the field of security technology, in particular to locking devices, locks operating using electromagnetic means, and can be used to lock doors for various purposes, including doors for refrigerators and safes.

Locking devices driven by an electromagnet (hereinafter referred to as electromagnetic locking devices) are used as "executive devices" according to the GOST R 51241-98 classification in access control systems in rooms for various purposes. The main purpose of these locks is to restrict passage and ensure maximum safety when using in public and residential premises, on stands, showcases, in refrigeration units under the special control of the user. The widespread use of locking devices of this type is facilitated by their high reliability. They firmly hold the door in a closed position, are not afraid of aggressive environments and work at any temperature, which is important for their outdoor use.

Some of the terms used in this description have the following interpretation:

- autonomous power source - a galvanic cell or battery located in the body of the locking device or in the immediate vicinity of it;

- actuator - an actuator that converts the electrical energy supplied to it into mechanical movement of the working body, in this description - the rod;

- reliability - the property of an object, in this case a locking device, to continuously maintain an operable state for some time or operating time (according to GOST 27.002-89);

- with the possibility of sliding - a movable connection of parts made according to sliding or movement landings (C, C ₁ , D, D ₁ ), when the free movement of parts is ensured with their exact centering;

- calibrated hole - hole with dimensions selected for the purposes of the present invention;

- coil (electromagnet) - in this description, the terms "coil" and "winding" are understood as synonyms;

- magnetic shunt - a part of a material conducting a magnetic flux, used to concentrate, weaken or change the configuration of the magnetic flux;

-magnetic material- magnetically soft, that is, not capable of retaining residual magnetism, material with ferromagnetic properties;

-pin- a stationary part that serves to fix, for example, a wheel on a shaft.

Known electromagnetic lock, including a crossbar, interacting with a safety device located in the lock body, having the shape of a glass, made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve, coaxially with which a latch capable of longitudinal movement is placed, as well as an electromagnet with a core and a ball locking mechanism installed in the lock body (RU 2298623, E05B 47/02, 20.01.2004).

The disadvantage of this device is the increased power consumption, due to the fact that when the lock is locked, voltage is applied to the coil of the electromagnet, and the lock is in a state connected to the network until it is opened.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is an electromagnetic lock (RU 2376434, E05B 47/02 (2006.01), 20.12.2009) including a movable bolt with a head at the end interacting with a ball locking mechanism, an electromagnet with a coil, a core and a cylindrical body, inside which there is a safety catch coaxial with the crossbar, made in the form of a cylindrical bushing, a lock made of a material that conducts a magnetic flux, in the form of a glass, on the bottom of which a permanent magnet is in contact with the walls of the case, and the side walls have holes for balls, placed with the possibility of sliding in the catch coaxial with it and the crossbar.

The bolt head, attracted by a permanent magnet when the bolt is displaced away from the electromagnet, carries with it the retainer, which, moving in the catcher, deprives the balls of the locking mechanism of the ability to move apart, locking the bolt: the lock is locked.

To unlock the lock, a DC voltage is applied to the solenoid coil. The direction of the current in the coil is set so that the resulting magnetic field is in the same direction as the field of the permanent magnet. The retainer, pulled to the core of the electromagnet, together with the balls of the locking mechanism, is held by the electromagnet, releasing the bolt head. Due to the addition of the field of the electromagnet, which coincides in the direction with the field of the permanent magnet, the retainer remains attracted to the core, the bolt, released from the balls of the locking mechanism, stops pulling the retainer, the lock is unlocked.

The disadvantage of the known lock is the high consumption of electricity for the excitation of the magnetic field in the electromagnet, since the field of the electromagnet does not penetrate well through the bottom of the holder glass. In addition, due to the residual magnetism, the release of the bolt head from the permanent magnet does not occur immediately. It is necessary to maintain the current in the electromagnet for some time, which also reduces the efficiency of the lock. Often, operators by means of a control device maintain the current in the electromagnet in excess of the time required to unlock the lock, which further reduces the economy. When using autonomous power supplies to power the lock, they are quickly discharged, and therefore the reliability of such a lock is low.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the energy consumed for unlocking the lock to enable the use of low-power autonomous power supplies, as well as to implement remote control of the locking device. The technical result is to reduce energy consumption to ensure the use of low-power sources of autonomous power supply, increase the reliability and reliability of the locking device while reducing the size of the product.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that an electromagnetic lock containing a coaxial lock body, a movable bolt interacting with a ball locking mechanism including a safety catch and a lock made to slide in the lock body and containing a permanent magnet installed at the end of the lock remote from the safety catch, additionally contains a magnetic shunt installed between the permanent magnet and the bolt, as well as an actuator containing a winding and a movable core made of magnetic material, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the lock, connected to a rod made of non-magnetic material, made with the possibility of contact with the lock.

In addition, the magnetic shunt is made in the form of a disc made of magnetic material.

In addition, the magnetic shunt has a hole in the center.

In addition, the retainer has at least one groove on the outer lateral side.

In addition, the core of the actuator is placed in a bushing made of non-magnetic material and through it is connected to the stem.

In addition, the sleeve is made of a non-magnetic material that has a low coefficient of friction with respect to the carcass material.

In addition, the actuator core is a permanent magnet.

In addition, the core of the actuator is made of a neodymium magnet.

Due to the introduction of a magnetic shunt, installed between the permanent magnet and the bolt, the lock operation is ensured without failure due to the creation of the possibility of adjusting the magnetic flux that holds the bolt and the latch together.

Due to the introduction into the structure of the lock of an actuator acting on the latch by means of a movable rod controlled by the magnetic field of the winding, it becomes possible to control the opening of the lock by means of efforts that are much less than if the lock was opened by an electromagnet. This reduces power consumption by at least five times compared to the prototype, while increasing the uptime of the device by the same amount. In addition, this makes it possible to significantly reduce the dimensions of the locking device, using miniature galvanic cells as a power source.

By introducing a magnetic shunt with or without a central hole in the lock, the reliability of the locking device is increased, since this allows the magnetic flux between the bolt head and the permanent magnet to be regulated. Regulation is carried out by selecting the thickness of the disc or the diameter of the hole in it.

The presence of a groove on the outer side of the retainer allows it to be fixed by means of the actuator rod when the lock is unlocked. This method of unlocking requires approximately five times less energy consumption for unlocking in comparison with the prototype.

The use of a bushing made of a non-magnetic material with a low coefficient of friction for the frame material, and the placement of a core in it, reduces energy consumption.

Execution of the core of the actuator from a permanent magnet allows you to unlock and lock the lock at any spatial position of the locking device.

Making the core of the actuator from a neodymium magnet even more reduces the energy consumption for controlling the position of the actuator rod when unlocking / locking the lock.

The connection of the actuator core with the rod using a bushing made of a non-magnetic flux material with a low coefficient of friction further reduces the energy consumption for controlling the position of the actuator rod when unlocking / locking the lock.

The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a lock with an actuator with the bolt removed.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a remotely controlled locking device with an electromagnetic lock with an actuator with the bolt removed and a view of the bolt inlet with a lock and a lock catcher.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the electronic control board of the device. Where:

1 - cover,

2 - contact group,

3 - galvanic cell,

4 - galvanic cell,

5 - contact group,

6 - device body,

7 - LED,

8 - electronic control board,

9 - "reset" button,

10 - retainer ball,

11 - a shunt made of a material conducting a magnetic flux,

12 - permanent magnet,

13 - retainer,

14 - catcher,

15 - winding frame,

16 - winding,

17 - stock,

18 - sleeve made of non-magnetic flux conductive material,

19 - core,

20 - crossbar,

21 - bolt head,

22 - thickened circular section of the crossbar,

23 - deadbolt nut,

24 - deadbolt bush,

25 - spring,

26 - lock body,

27 - cage nut,

28 - microcontroller with radio frequency transceiver,

29 - controller power control unit,

30 - antenna,

31 - output key,

32 - contacts for connecting the solenoid coil (switching device),

33 - pins for connecting the board power supply.

The electromagnetic lock contains a housing 26 with a safety device 14 and a latch 13 installed in it. The electromagnetic lock also includes a movable bolt 20 designed to fix the door in the closed position and consisting of a rod, a head 21, an annular groove and an extended section 22 . The bolt is connected to additional parts: bushing 24, nut 23 and spring 25. The actuator, which is a part of the lock, serves to control the unlocking and locking of the lock. It consists of a frame 15, on which the winding 16 is located, and a movable locking element consisting of a core 19, which can be a permanent, in particular a neodymium magnet, a rod made of a non-magnetic flux-conducting non-magnetic material 17 and a sleeve 18 designed to connect the rod with core and made of a material with a low coefficient of friction on the material of the frame 15, for example, PTFE-4.

The body 26 of the electromagnetic lock is made in the form of a glass, in the inner cavity of which a catcher 14 made in the form of a sleeve with a tapered edge is installed, connected to it by a threaded or pin connection. Inside the safety catch 14, the retainer 13, made in the form of a sleeve stepped along the length, partially enters with the possibility of longitudinal movement along a sliding or free fit. The section of the sleeve with a smaller diameter, which is included in the catcher 14, has holes in the form of a truncated cone, in which the balls 10 of the ball locking mechanism are installed. A permanent magnet 12 and a magnetic flux-conducting shunt 11 made of magnetic material are installed at the end of the latch 13 remote from the catcher 14. The permanent magnet 12, attracting the bolt head 21 to itself, ensures that the lock is locked and kept locked. This reduces the energy consumption required to operate the lock.

The magnetic shunt 11, made in the form of a disk made of a magnetic flux conducting magnetic material, solid or with a central hole, serves to adjust the magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet 12 in the area adjacent to it of the head 21 of the bolt 20. Adjustment is carried out by selecting either the thickness of the disk or the diameter of the hole in him. The diameter of the head 21 of the bolt 20 is equal to or less than the diameter of the central hole in the catcher 14. The head 21 at the end of the bolt can be made either spherical or cylindrical with chamfers at the edges. Thickening 22 of the bolt 20 in the section passing through the hole in the safety catch 14 eliminates the skew of the bolt in the hole of the safety catch, thereby reducing the energy consumption for its movement, and also prevents accidental unlocking of the lock, eliminating almost all possible oscillations of the bolt, its angular displacement relative to the longitudinal axis ...

Relative to the body 26 of the electromagnetic lock, the actuator is located so that their axes lie in the same plane and are mutually perpendicular, and the rod 17 can interact with the outer surface of the lock 13, braking it in order to prevent it from moving after the bolt 20 removed from the lock. To reduce the force, required for braking, the outer surface of the retainer 13 can have a recess into which the rod 17 enters. It would be most rational to make this recess annular, in the form of a groove. Then the rod 17 will fall into the groove at any azimuthal orientation of the lock 13.

For all other orientations of the locking device, the core 19 must be a permanent magnet. To reduce energy consumption, it is preferable to use a neodymium magnet as providing the highest magnetic flux.

The body of the lock 26 is made in the form of a whole glass with an additional hole in the rear wall, which makes it possible to dispense with the embedded part that was in the prototype.

The electromagnetic lock can be implemented as part of an electromagnetic remotely controlled locking device.

An electromagnetic lock with an actuator can be implemented as part of an electromagnetic remotely controlled locking device, in the housing 6 of which there is also an electronic control board 8, connected through contact groups 2 and 5 with an autonomous power source, which can be, for example, galvanic cells 3 and 4, connected to the winding 16. In the housing 6 there are holes for the reset button 9 and the LED 7. The housing 6 has a device for locking the batteries with a cover 1.

The body of the electromagnetic lock 26 is installed in the body of the electromagnetic locking device 6 coaxially with their holes.

This makes it possible to more reliably and quickly install and fasten the body of the electromagnetic locking device 6 to any doors without fear of damage to the product. Fastening is carried out using fasteners passing through the through coaxial holes of the device body 6 and the lock body 26.

The electromagnetic lock works as follows.

When locking the lock, the bolt 20 is inserted through the hole in the catcher 14 into the latch 13 until it comes into contact with the permanent magnet 12, to which its head 21 is attracted with a certain force. To improve performance, the door can be equipped with a door closer. The balls 10 of the locking mechanism, pushed apart by the head 21, sink into the annular groove between the head 21 and the bolt of the deadbolt 20.

If you try to open the lock by pulling the bolt 20 out of it, the retainer 13, carried away by the head 21 attracted to its magnet, is displaced towards the safety catch 14 until the section of the lock, which has a larger diameter, rests against the end of the safety catch, but entered the annular groove balls 10 will not be pressed against the axis of the lock by the walls of the inner channel of the safety device 14, preventing the bolt 20 from being removed from the lock. After stopping attempts to open the door, the closer returns the bolt 20 and the latch 13 to their original, that is, the most distant from the safety device, position.

The control of the lock as part of the electromagnetic locking device is carried out using a radio channel between the transmitter of the control device (key fob) and the electronic board 8, which is an electronic circuit in the memory of which there is a key cipher, as well as access codes. The electronic board 8 contains a switching device 32 for connecting the winding 16 to an autonomous power source 3 and 4 with the possibility of changing the polarity of the voltage applied to the winding when the lock is unlocked. The lock is locked automatically when the door on which it is installed is closed. The electronic board is not involved in this.

The lock is opened as follows.

When opening the electromagnetic lock, voltage must be applied to the winding. The core 19 of the actuator, in the initial position located near the end part of the winding 16, is pulled out by the magnetic field of the winding 16 inward and moves the shutoff rod 17 connected to it through the bushing 18 towards the retainer 13. Having passed through the hole in the housing 26, the rod 17 abuts with its end into the latch 13 or enters a recess (for example, an annular groove), blocking it. Due to the locking of the latch, the head 21 of the bolt 20 removed from the lock is detached from the magnet 12 and released from locking, pushing apart the balls 10, which are at the described moment outside the safety device 14. The bolt is removed from the safety device, the lock is open.

If the locking device is located so that the axis of the rod 17 is vertical, then the return of the rod to its original position, which releases the latch, can occur under the action of gravity or with the addition of the reverse magnetic flux by changing the polarity of the coil programmatically. In any other position of the lock, the return of the rod 17 to its original position becomes possible if the core 19 is a magnet (made of a magnet). In this case, to return the rod 17 and release the lock 13, it is enough to apply a voltage of reverse polarity to the winding, which will ensure the opposite direction of the magnetic fields of the winding and the core 19. The core is pushed out by the magnetic field of the winding 16, dragging the rod 17 with it and thereby releasing the lock 13. Lock ready to lock again. The user, for example the seller, is given a corresponding light and / or sound signal. Typically, the device is configured so that the reverse polarity voltage is applied to the winding 16 automatically for a short time after a certain period of time (usually 5-7 seconds).

The opening of the lock as part of a remotely controlled electromagnetic locking device is carried out from a remote control, for example, an electronic key fob (not shown in the drawings), from which a coded radio signal is received, received by the receiving (reading) device of the microcontroller 28 of the board 8. It compares the code received by it with the code, contained in the memory of the microcontroller 28 of the board 8. Selection of the cipher is almost impossible due to the huge number of possible combinations. If the codes match, board 8 supplies voltage for a user-specified time from autonomous power supplies 3 and 4 to winding 16 through the switching device of the electronic control board 8. The value of the voltage required for the operation of the locking device, depending on its dimensions, can be from 3 to 24 volts.

The control board 8 provides remote control of the electromagnetic locking device. The control board 8 of the electromagnetic locking device can be powered from an autonomous power source and connected by wires to the winding 16 thanks to the connection contacts 32. To increase the service life of the source, components with low energy consumption are used. In addition, at the same time, the hardware part of the circuit periodically turns off the microcontroller and turns it on for reception several times per second, which allows it to be triggered almost instantly upon receiving a signal from the keyfob, although the microcontroller does not consume energy most of the time. In case the indicator LED 7 installed in the housing 6 of the device will not be visible (for example, in a refrigerating chamber), the control board 8 is configured to notify the user about the state of the lock, for example, by a sound signal (about opening and closing).

To save energy, if the keyfob button is pressed or pressed for a long time, pressing the button generates several messages with a code, and the keyfob turns off until the button is released and pressed again.

The control board 8, which provides remote control of the electromagnetic locking device, can be implemented using standard components, for example, using the NRF24L01 radio module and the ATMEGA16 microcontroller as a transceiver. Standard AA series cells were used as a power source. Remote control PU1-MK-1 (1 channel) TDM, Article: SQ1508-0101.

Tests of the proposed lock have shown that the uptime is about 5 times longer than the uptime of the prototype lock.

The provided technical solution made it possible to reduce the dimensions of the lock device several times while maintaining the duration of continuous operation.

Claims (8)

1. Electromagnetic lock with an actuator, containing a coaxial lock body, a movable bolt interacting with a ball locking mechanism including a safety catch and a lock made to slide in the lock body and containing a permanent magnet installed at the end of the lock remote from the safety catch, characterized in that it additionally contains a magnetic shunt installed between the permanent magnet and the bolt, as well as an actuator containing a winding on the frame and made of ferromagnetic material, a movable core, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the lock, connected to a rod of non-magnetic material made with the possibility of contact with the lock. 2. Electromagnetic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that the shunt is made in the form of a disk made of magnetic material. 3. An electromagnetic lock according to claim 2, characterized in that the magnetic shunt has a hole in the center. 4. Electromagnetic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that the latch has at least one groove on the outer lateral side. 5. Electromagnetic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator core is placed in a sleeve made of non-magnetic material and through it is connected to the rod. 6. Electromagnetic lock according to claim 5, characterized in that the sleeve is made of a non-magnetic material having a low coefficient of friction for the frame material. 7. An electromagnetic lock according to claim 1, wherein the actuator core is a permanent magnet. 8. Electromagnetic lock according to claim 7, characterized in that the actuator core is made of a neodymium magnet.

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