RU2738687C2 - Armor-pierced finned sub-caliber projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to armored piercing feathered subcaliber projectiles with detachable driving devices and can be used in existing artillery armament. Armor-piercing shell consists of hollow case. Armor-piercing core and propellant charge are arranged therein. Missile also has ballistic tip, put on front of core and body, tail part with feather stabilizer, attached to housing in rear part by means of threaded connection. A double-support drive unit with obturating belts on supports is installed on the body and tail part. At that, armor-piercing core is ogival-shaped with radially projecting ribs around ogival part. They form a five- or six-pointed star. Extending ribs are made with possibility of armor biting. Drive assembly is made with annular air intakes to create its lifting force and possibility of its separation into parts with withdrawal from housing in working position of device. Said body has inner stop to transmit kinetic energy of said body and tail to core. In tail part at angle 13°÷17° to projectile axial line through conical holes are made, communicated with propellant charging cavity and acting as nozzles of jet brake.

EFFECT: technical result is increase in armor-piercing ability with possibility of firing on suspended trajectory at distance exceeding distance of flattened trajectory.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, in particular to armor-piercing feathered sub-caliber projectiles (BOPS) with separable leading devices in the form of an annular air intake with obturating belts. The projectile is intended for use in existing artillery weapons, its dimensions must correspond to the requirements of automatic charging devices of modern tanks.

The currently existing armor-piercing feathered sub-caliber projectiles (BOPS) are effective when fired with direct fire, they do not respond to active protection systems and respond poorly to dynamic and mechanical protection systems of armored vehicles, but at the same time they have one common drawback, the effective hitting distance is up to 4000 meters , i.e. flat trajectory distance. Maximum armor penetration is achieved at a distance of up to 2000 meters. Since the BOPS is a kinetic projectile, the armor penetration directly depends on its kinetic energy, i.e. from the speed at which the striking element (core) meets the armor, from the weight and shape of the striking element (core). At distances of more than 2000 meters, the effectiveness of such projectiles decreases due to the loss of speed 55 m / s ÷ 60 m / s for every 1000 m on the flight path. The BOPS speed is also limited to values in the range of 1500-1800 m / s and depends on the design of artillery pieces and ammunition for them. At a speed of over 2000 m / s, there is a decrease in armor penetration due to the destruction of the projectile material upon contact with most of the protective elements and structures on armored vehicles. Heavy alloy cores with an elongation ratio exceeding 30 are prone to bending deformations when guided through the bore and after separation of the master device, as well as to destruction when interacting with multi-barrier and spaced armor. In addition, excessive elongation of the core requires changes in the design of automatic loaders in tanks and in the artillery pieces themselves.

Known OBPS "Nadezhda-R" (projectile index 3BM-26, 3BM-27, "125-mm. Armor-piercing sub-caliber ammunition: TTX", russianarmor.info, "Ammunition of tanks T - 64/72/80/90. BOPS .. . ", btvt.narod.ru, Yandex, pictures. BOPS" Nadezhda ".) is a feathered armor-piercing sub-caliber projectile for tank guns of 125-mm caliber, the tail of the shell is made in the form of a tube into which a tungsten alloy core is inserted. The projectile is equipped with a spreader-type master device. A ballistic cap is installed in the nose of the projectile, and an armor-piercing damper is located under it. A stabilizer in the form of a tail, consisting of five blades, is installed in the tail of the projectile; a tracer is installed at the base of the stabilizer.

The disadvantage of this projectile is its insufficient, for modern conditions, armor penetration (average penetration from a distance of 2000 meters along the normal - 450 mm of homogeneous steel and 200 mm at an angle of 60 °) due to the design features of the projectile. A short core is located in the tail of the projectile, when it hits the armor, the core passes through the body of the projectile, destroys the armor-piercing damper, and after that it bites into the armor. In this case, part of the kinetic energy is lost, in addition, the body of the projectile, when it hits the armor, experiences bending deformations to overcome which part of the kinetic energy of the core is also spent.

Known BOPS "Mango" (projectile index 3BM-42, "Ammunition of tanks T - 64/72/80/90 BOPS ..." btvt.narod.ru, "Subcaliber shells of the present and future", topwar.ru, "125- mm. Armor-piercing sub-caliber ammunition: TTX ", russianarmor.info," Ammunition for 125-mm guns 2A26, 2A45, 2A46, 2A75 ", russianarms.ru) is an armor-piercing feathered sub-caliber projectile consisting of a hollow cylindrical body of small diameter, made of steel and equipped with a tail stabilizer. The front end of the body is closed with a ballistic cap and a so-called armor-piercing damper, behind the damper, one after the other, there are two tungsten cores held in place by a jacket made of fusible metal. The projectile is equipped with a dumped lead device made of aluminum. Interaction with the bore is provided by several rings on the outer surface of the device.

This projectile has the same drawback as all kinetic projectiles - the effective hitting distance of the target is up to 4000 meters, i.e. flat trajectory distance. It is not advisable to shoot at a long distance along a ballistic trajectory with such a projectile, due to the loss of speed, and hence the kinetic energy. In addition, armor-piercing cores are located inside the tube, when hitting the armor, the tube and the tail section with the stabilizer transfer all their kinetic energy to the armor-piercing damper, and part of the energy goes to heating and melting the jacket around the cores. Thus, to penetrate the armor, the cores spend only their kinetic energy, part of which is lost to destroy the armor-piercing damper. At the same time, in fact, the front core pierces the armor, and the rear one gives the front one all its kinetic energy, pushing it into the armor. Since the body of the projectile is a thin-walled tube, when the projectile hits the armor, the body experiences vibrational and bending deformations, which compress the cores moving inside the tube and take some of their kinetic energy from them.

Known "Projectile capable of propelling a penetrator therefrom and method of using the same) US patent 6,845,718 B2, which is a caliber rocket with a kinetic warhead. Consisting of a caliber body with a throwing device and an armor-piercing rod placed inside. The tail section houses the tail and the accelerating engine. The throwing device of FIG. 3A, 3B, 3C is driven by an explosive generator pos. 306, 308, 312 and the Marx generator pos. 406, by means of which a high voltage current pulse is generated and fed to the railgun (electromagnetic mass accelerator), accelerating the conductive armature 320 along two metal guides 318 using the Lorentz force. The anchor 320 pushes the armor-piercing rod 106 at a high speed. In the proposed embodiment, the electromagnetic accelerator is too short, the dimensions of the projectile do not allow making it long, therefore, the anchor 320 will simply push the rod 106 out of the projectile body with insignificant additional acceleration. In another, simpler embodiment, FIG. 5A, 5B, the armor-piercing rod 106 is pushed out of the barrel 506 by the explosive 504. This projectile shoots the armor-piercing rod at a certain distance to the target, therefore, it has a device for determining the firing distance. This means that the projectile is supposed to install miniature infrared sensors, laser accelerometers, computing processors and lithium-ion power supplies that are resistant to high accelerations. But all this significantly complicates and increases the cost of the projectile. In addition, such systems are easily disabled by means of passive and active protection of armored vehicles. For example, the simplest rubber-fabric, steel or lattice screens will cause premature firing of the projectile and, as a result, reduce the lethality of the fired rod. The active defense system either neutralizes the sensors or damages the incoming projectile with fragmentation ammunition. In combat conditions, with the active use of electronic warfare and the generation of powerful electromagnetic pulses, part of the electronic filling and the Marx generator will be disabled, and electric detonators will be prematurely activated. Caliber projectiles with a large cross-section body have increased aerodynamic resistance, and this causes a significant drop in speed along the flight path and a decrease in the effective firing range. In other words, this projectile may be suitable for firing at buildings and shelters, but it is not advisable to use it against modern armored vehicles.

Known "Armor-piercing projectile", patent RU 2514014, which contains tandemly placed in the chamber explosive charges with contact or non-contact means of detonation. In front of the main explosive charge and the leading explosive charge in the window, in the head of the hull, an armor-piercing core is placed with the ability to move. The main explosive charge is made in the form of a cumulative warhead. The leading explosive charge is made in the form of a high-explosive directional warhead. There is a stabilizer on the bottom of the body.

This projectile is a caliber, armor-piercing core designed to initiate a leading high-explosive charge and penetrate screens, ERA elements and thin target armor. The main damaging element in this projectile is the shaped charge of the explosive. But the problem is that the shaped charge is too close to the high explosive charge. In all tandem ammunition, there is always an intermediate compartment with a protective shield between the leading and shaped charges. In the proposed version, there is neither an intermediate compartment nor a protective shield. In this case, when the high-explosive charge is triggered, when the front of the projectile is destroyed, the rear part with the shaped charge will be thrown back, or to the side, and the probability of crushing the shaped charge and the destruction of the shaped funnel is high.

Since there was no suitable analogue among the subcaliber projectiles, the "Armor-piercing projectile" patent RU 2120103 was chosen as a prototype, consisting of a body, inside which an armor-piercing core is located, with the ability to move and fixed in the lower part by an emphasis on the body projections, parts with a retaining ring, an explosive charge, a window connecting the explosive chamber and the armor-piercing core chamber. In the bow, in the head fairing, a fuse is installed with a detonation tube used to detonate an explosive charge. The proposed projectile is caliber. For an armor-piercing projectile, an important factor is the speed at which the projectile meets the armor, the weight and cross-sectional area of the striking element. Caliber projectiles, having a large cross-sectional area, lose speed faster along the flight path, therefore, their guaranteed hitting distance is less than that of subcaliber projectiles. According to the figure, the core has a sufficiently large diameter at a low elongation ratio, hence a large contact area is obtained when the core enters the armor. In the proposed arrangement, the detonator is installed in the head part and protrudes outward, which means it is an instantaneous contact fuse. Shells of this type require special, very careful handling, because Accidental impact or fall of the projectile on a hard surface will certainly cause the projectile to explode. For field artillery, such a projectile can and will do, with a lot of restrictions, but for armored vehicles and automatic loaders it is absolutely not suitable. In addition, with this arrangement, this projectile is easily neutralized by the systems of passive and active protection of armored vehicles. For example, a hinged screen in the form of a lattice, steel sheet or reinforced rubber, when this projectile hits them, will certainly cause the detonator to trigger prematurely. A shot of an active protection of a fragmentation ammunition towards this projectile will damage the nose cone and either activate the detonator or neutralize it by interrupting the detonation tube. In order for the core of such a projectile to penetrate the armor of modern tanks, it must have a very high speed and high kinetic energy when it meets the armor. With regard to speed, it has already been said that already at a speed of 2000 or more meters per second, the core material is destroyed, and the armor penetration decreases. And since the core has a large cross-sectional area and low elongation, it does not have enough kinetic energy to break through the armor. An additional propellant charge can increase the kinetic energy of the core. The author proposed an explosive as a propellant charge. The description indicates that the core is fired forward by an explosive made in the form of a solid checker, without or with a cumulative funnel. The author is apparently not familiar with the physical process of the explosion of explosives. In order for such a projectile to work, i.e. fired a solid core from the body, a powder propellant charge is enough. An explosive made in the form of a solid checker will certainly push the core out of the body during an explosion, but at the same time destroy the body itself. In this case, there can be no question of any subsequent run-up of the body onto the core. Of course, you can reduce the power of the explosive to a value at which the explosion energy will be enough only to fire the core out of the body and the body of the projectile will not be destroyed or thrown back. Suppose that after the shot, the core has partially moved forward from the body and penetrated into the armor by 1 / 5-1 / 4 of its length. When the core is inserted into the armor, a roller is formed at the edges of the hole in the armor, and the running projectile body strikes into this roller. Naturally, the roller crumples and grips the core body. In addition, the body itself, when it hits the armor, is deformed and compresses the part of the core that is located in the body. Thus, the clamped core will lose some of the kinetic energy that it had at the moment of impact with the armor. In addition, when the core is introduced into the armor by 1 / 5-1 / 4 of the core length, the running body will no longer hit the core with its internal protrusion, because its front part will hit the armor, i.e. transfer of kinetic energy from the housing to the core will not occur.

A variant of the core with a longitudinally through hole and with a tapered recess in the lower part - in the description, the author indicates that the tapered recess in the lower part of the core will form a cumulative jet after the explosion of an explosive. In fact, a cumulative jet is formed by a cumulative funnel in the body of the explosive and its lining. So, during the explosion of an explosive, the energy of the explosion will either destroy the edges of the lower part of the core with a tapered recess, or, due to elastic deformation, they will try to open to the sides and jam the core in the body. The variant with the cumulative funnel in the explosive is also ineffective. The core, in this embodiment, is an unnecessary detail. For example, a shell hits a tank equipped with reactive armor. When the projectile hits the cover of the reactive armor container, the head fuse will detonate and detonate the main charge with a shaped charge funnel. A cumulative jet is formed and activates the dynamic protection of the tank, which neutralizes the cumulative jet and significantly extinguishes the kinetic energy of the core. Thus, this projectile can be effective against buildings, shelters and lightly armored vehicles without protective equipment.

The problem to be solved by the invention is to create an armor-piercing feathered sub-caliber projectile with greater armor penetration, suitable for all automatic loaders of modern domestic tanks with the ability to shoot them along a hinged trajectory at a distance exceeding the distance of a flat trajectory.

The problem is solved by the fact that in an armor-piercing feathered sub-caliber projectile, consisting of a body, an armor-piercing core placed in it, a ballistic tip worn on the front of the core and body, a tail section with a feather stabilizer attached to the body at the rear by means of a threaded connection, a two-bearing lead a device with obturating belts on supports, mounted on the body and tail section, a propellant charge with means of its initiation, the core is made of an ogival shape with radially protruding ribs around the ogival part, forming a five or six-pointed star, and in the tail section at an angle of 13 ° ÷ 17 ° conical through holes are made to the projectile axial line, communicating with the propellant charge cavity and serving as jet brake nozzles.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the projectile.

FIG. 2 - section A-A.

FIG. 3 is a view of the nose of the core.

The proposed armor-piercing feathered sub-caliber projectile Fig. 1 consists of a core 1 inserted into the body 2 by 2 / 3-1 / 3 of its length, a ballistic tip 3 is put on the front of the core 1 and the body 2, in the rear part to the body, by means of a threaded connection, the tail part 4 with a feather stabilizer is attached 5. The core 1 is made of tungsten or depleted uranium and is held in the casing 2 by a jacket made of low-melting metal 6, with the rear part rests on the inner stop 7, in which there is a through gas channel 8 connecting the inner channel of the casing 2, into which the core 1 is inserted with the cavity for the propellant charge 9. From the cavity for the propellant charge, at an angle of 13 ° ÷ 17 ° degrees to the center line of the projectile, 3 ÷ 6 holes 10 of a conical shape, which are nozzles of the jet brake of body 2. The body 2 and the tail part 4 are made of hardened become. Outside the projectile is mounted two supporting guiding device 11 with obturating belts 12, the rear part of the driving device closes the nozzles 10 from the penetration of powder gases when fired from the gun. The ballistic tip 3 is attached to the body 2 by means of an adhesive composition 13 (thermosetting adhesive for metal). In the tail part 4, a tracer 14 is inserted, which is fixed by a nut 15. In the tail part 4, on the side of the threaded connection with the body 2, there is an inertial percussion device, an inertial electromechanical propellant igniter or an instantaneous inertial detonator 9. As one of the options, an inertial percussion device is proposed, consisting of a body 16 which abuts against a spacer bushing 17 against the propellant charge 9. Inside the body there is a striker with a tip 18 with a spring 19 inside it. In the cocked state, the striker 18 is fixed with locking balls 19 entering the outer annular groove on the striker and through holes in the case 16, held by the fixing sleeve 21 put on the front of the case 16. The mechanical striker is proposed as the simplest and absolutely unresponsive to all active protection systems of tanks and armored vehicles. The propellant charge 9 can consist of a propellant checker with a high burning rate or in the form of the same checker, assembled from separate disks of a blasting explosive. The core 1 has protruding ribs around the nose ogival portion of FIG. 3, forming a five or six pointed star and serving as biting teeth.

1 - core

2 - shell body

3 - ballistic tip

4 - tail

5 - stabilizer

6 - shirt

7 - inner emphasis

8 - gas channel

9 - propellant charge

10 - jet brake nozzle

11 - master

12 - obturating belt

13 - adhesive composition

14 - tracer

15 - tracer nut

16 - body of inertial percussion device

17 - distance sleeve

18 - drummer with a sting

19 - drummer spring

20 - locking ball

21 - fixing sleeve

22 - primer-igniter (primer-detonator)

The projectile works as follows: when the projectile leaves the bore, under the action of the incoming air flow, the annular air intakes create a lifting force on the leading device 11, divide it into two or three parts and withdraw from the projectile body without affecting it or the tail 5. When the projectile collides with the armor, the ballistic tip 3 is destroyed and the core 1 is embedded in the armor, while due to the stop 7, the kinetic energy of the body 2 and the tail part 4 is transferred to the core 1 i.e. core 1, body 2 and tail 4 work as a single piece. When hitting the armor, the speed of the projectile drops sharply, under the action of inertia, the sleeve 21 is displaced forward and releases the locking balls 20, which, in turn, release the striker with the sting 18. Under the action of the spring 19, the striker 18 pricks (breaks) the primer-igniter (detonator cap ) 22, which ignites (detonates) the propellant charge 9. Gases from the propellant charge 9 through the gas channel 8 act on the core 1 increasing its penetrating capacity. Part of the gases escapes through the nozzles 10, creating a reactive braking torque for the body 2, partially extinguishing the recoil at the exit of the core 1. It turns out that the body 2 is a fired barrel, which, upon impact with the armor, produces an additional shot of the core 1. After the core leaves the projectile body, the latter, by the force of recoil, will be thrown back.

Claims (1)

Armor-piercing feathered sub-caliber projectile, consisting of a hollow body, an armor-piercing core placed in it, a ballistic tip worn on the front of the core and body, a tail section with a feather stabilizer attached to the body at the rear by means of a threaded connection, a two-bearing lead assembly with obturating belts on supports , installed on the body and the tail part, a propellant charge in the body cavity with means of its initiation, characterized in that the armor-piercing core is made of an ogival shape with radially protruding ribs around the ogival part, forming a five- or six-pointed star, and the protruding ribs are made with the possibility of biting the armor , the leading unit is made with annular air intakes to create its lifting force and the possibility of its division into parts with retraction from the body in the operating position of the device, the body is made with an internal stop, providing the possibility of transferring kinetic energy hull and tail section to the core, and in the tail section at an angle of 13 ° ÷ 17 ° to the center line of the projectile there are conical through holes connected with the cavity for placing the propellant charge and performing the function of jet brake nozzles.

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