RU2571530C1 - Increasing self-propelled craft weapons fire efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: motionless or running tank searches, detects, identifies and traces the target day and night. Tank gun is charged with the selected projectile. Corrections for air temperature, gun barrel bore wear, barometric pressure and cross-wind are automatically computed and loaded. Additionally, set of fire efficiency evaluation is loaded to analyze the signals from the laser range finder and ballistics selector. Shell type is selected subject to measured distance to the target and the efficient fire range. The gunlayer is informed by discrete flashing of the "selected shell type" indicator on inexpediency of said selection at measured range via the indication unit in the field of vision of the sight-range finder-laying unit. Claimed process differs from known procedures in that at group fire from self-propelled guns the order of fire is set by determination of the minimum time interval from the first shot moment of a separate self-propelled gun to the last shell burst moment.

EFFECT: higher probability of target hitting.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment and, in particular, to on-board equipment of aircraft, tanks and ships, providing the use of means of destruction, in particular, on ground and surface programmed fixed and moving targets.

Known technical solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of firing from weapons mounted on moving objects (Grishutin V.G. Lectures on aviation firing systems, Kiev, KVVAIU, 1980, pp. 354-357 [1]. Mubarakshin R.V. et al. "Aiming firing systems", part 1, Moscow, VVIA named after Zhukovsky, 1973, p. 55-66, p. 96-99 [2]. Babich OA "Information processing in navigation systems" , Moscow, Engineering, 1991, S. 485-491 [3]). So, for example, an integrated system ([2], p. 96-99) contains an on-board optical radar station (BOLS), an on-board radar station (BRLS), a parameter switching unit (BPC). At the same time, for example, in case of a radar failure (shutdown due to tactical necessity) and under weather conditions that do not correspond to the area of stable operation of the BOLS, the integrated system becomes inoperative. In addition, provided that high-frequency errors of the BOLS and radar radar are suppressed ([2], pp. 114-117), for example, in the event of a failure (shutdown by the conditions of use or technical requirements) of the radar radar system, there are systematic errors of the radar station in range and viewing angles of the target, lead to the corresponding errors of target designation and the use of weapons.

The technical result achieved using a well-known similar technical solution is to increase the reliability and accuracy of the integrated system (patent RU No. 2161777, January 10, 2001 [4]), which is ensured by the fact that the integrated sighting system containing an on-board optical-location station, an airborne radar station and a parameter switching unit, the first, second and third inputs of which are connected, respectively, the first and second outputs of the airborne optical-radar station and the first output of the airborne radar the stations are additionally introduced connected in series between the first output and the fourth input of the parameter switching unit, an integration unit and a difference unit, as well as a unit for generating parametric functions, a unit for extracting systematic errors, a memory unit, an inertial-satellite system, the second output of which is connected to the inputs of the airborne optical-radar station and the airborne radar station, the second outputs of which are connected respectively to the second and third inputs m of the difference unit, the second output of which is connected to the fifth input of the parameter switching unit, the second and third outputs of which are connected respectively to the second input of the memory unit and to the third input of the systematic error allocation unit, the second input of which is combined with the third output of the inertial-satellite system and the sixth input unit switching parameters.

However, the systematic errors of radar systems in range and angles of sight of the target, especially in adverse weather conditions at the target location, lead to corresponding errors in target designation and use of weapons, the sighting device that works only in one of the wavelength ranges is ineffective, because cannot satisfy all the requirements to the fullest extent that the use of one visible range does not satisfy the requirements of round-the-clock and all-weather action, and the use of only radio waves does not satisfy the requirement of stealth of action and accuracy of measuring angular coordinates (up to 3 ang.

The technical and economic effect achieved by using the well-known technical solution (patent RU No. 2119646, 09/27/1998 [5]) is to ensure the use of weapons day and night in simple and difficult weather conditions and, as a result, increase the effectiveness of hitting the target, which is achieved by the fact that in the aiming system containing the first indicator, an optical sighting device, a control unit, a first block of angle sensors, a first block of angular velocity sensors, an angle correction calculator, a differential device, a sensor block initial information, a weapon control system, the input of which is connected to the output of the differential device, the first input of which is connected to the output of the angular correction computer, the first input of which is connected to the initial information sensor block, the first block of angle sensors and the first block of angular velocity sensors kinematically connected with an optical sighting device kinematically connected to the first indicator and the control unit, and the first output of the control unit is connected to the input of the optical sighting device additionally introduced a second sighting device operating in the infrared wavelength range, a second indicator, a second block of angle sensors, a second block of angular velocity sensors, a third sighting device operating in the millimeter and centimeter wavelength range, a third indicator, a third block of angle sensors, a third a block of angular velocity sensors, a first switching unit, a second switching unit, a reference range shaper and a comparison device connected by its first and second inputs respectively to the outputs of the reference range finder and the source information sensor block, the comparison device, the first and second outputs of which are connected respectively to the input of the switching unit and the second switching unit, the contact groups of which have a normally-closed position at zero signals at the inputs, and the first output of the control unit is connected to the inputs the second sighting device and the third sighting device, kinematically connected respectively with the second block of angle sensors, the second block of angular velocity sensors, t they block the third block angles sensors angular velocity sensor, a second input connected to the indicator output of the second sighting device; the output of the third sighting device is connected to the input of the third indicator, the second and third outputs of the control unit are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the reference range former; the outputs of the first block of angle sensors of the second block of angle sensors, the first block of sensors of angular velocities, the second block of sensors of angular velocities are connected respectively to the first, second, third and fourth contacts of the contact group of the first switching unit, the fifth and sixth contacts of the contact group of which are connected respectively to the first and the third contacts of the contact group of the second switching unit, the second and fourth contacts of the contact group of which are connected respectively the outputs of the third block sensor a third pulley angles and angular rate sensors, wherein the second inputs of the calculator angular adjustments and fifth differential device connected to a contact of the contact group of the second switching unit, the sixth contact of the contact group is connected to the third input calculating corrections.

The known method of increasing firing efficiency [5] allows you to search, detect, identify targets and track them day and night, automatically calculate and enter aiming angles and lateral lead directly into the angular position of the weapon, taking into account ballistic characteristics of the projectile, range to the target and deviation of conditions firing off normal. However, the known method does not allow to evaluate the power of action of the selected type of ammunition on the target, and also does not take into account the range of effective fire, which reduces the probability of the target being hit.

Also known technical solution (patent RU No. 2522473 C1, 07/20/2014 [6]) solves the problem, which allows you to automatically take into account the power of various types of tank shots at targets at different firing ranges. At the same time, the method of increasing the effectiveness of firing from tank weapons is based on the fact that the additionally installed firing efficiency unit performs analysis of the signals received from the laser rangefinder and the ballistic switching unit. In the case when the measured range exceeds the estimated effective firing range of the selected type of ammunition, the effectiveness evaluation unit sends a signal to the display unit. In the field of view of the sight-range finder - the gunner’s guidance device, the indicator “selected type of ballistics” begins to flash intermittently, signaling the gunner about the inappropriateness of using the selected type of ammunition at a measured range.

Moreover, the known method of increasing the effectiveness of firing from tank weapons includes a set of interacting electron-optical devices and automatic systems that provide search, detection, recognition of targets and tracking them day and night from a stationary tank and in motion; automatic loading of the gun with the selected type of ammunition; automatic calculation and input of corrections for air temperature, barrel bore wear, atmospheric pressure, crosswind, firing efficiency assessment unit that analyzes signals from a laser rangefinder and ballistic switching unit, in case the measured range to the target exceeds the effective fire range, the selected type of shot, through the display unit in the field of view of the sight-rangefinder - the guidance device informs the gunner by intermittently flashing the indicator "selected type of ballis iki "of inappropriate choice of this type of ammunition on the measured distance.

However, in the known methods for increasing firing efficiency, solving the problem boils down to increasing the firing efficiency of one combat unit. At the same time, there is no element of the task of planning and conducting the shooting of artillery weapons of a group of military equipment for a given target, namely, determining in what sequence the shots should be fired.

The problem is that, on the one hand, when counteracting the enemy, the time interval for carrying out the shooting should be minimized, and on the other, it is necessary that the shot of a specific combat unit must be accurately correlated with the burst of its shell, in order to adjust its sight of its guns. This task is especially relevant, for example, for surface ships. In the context of the actual conduct of hostilities, correlation of a shot from a ship and the moment of shell burst is generally visually practically impossible. This is due to many reasons. Including, with a relatively large firing range, with low horizontal visibility due to various hydrometeorological phenomena. Especially due to fog and precipitation. Thus, in difficult hydrometeorological conditions, it is necessary to pre-set different firing times for each ship in the group. These moments of firing will determine the order of firing ships. Knowing this order, the observer-spotter can determine which particular ship the observed projectile gap corresponds to and adjust the firing of this ship. The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the likelihood of hitting a target.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of increasing the efficiency of firing from the armament of self-propelled objects, which includes a set of interacting electron-optical devices and automatic systems that provide search, detection, recognition of targets and tracking them day and night from a stationary self-propelled object and in motion : automatic loading of the gun with the selected type of ammunition; automatic calculation and input of corrections for air temperature, barrel bore wear, atmospheric pressure, crosswind; an additional unit for evaluating firing efficiency is introduced, which analyzes the signals received from the laser rangefinder and the ballistic switching unit in the case when the measured range to the target exceeds the effective range fire, the selected type of shot, through the display unit in the field of view of the sight-rangefinder - guidance device informs the gunner by intermittently blinking indicator and the “chosen type of ballistics” about the inappropriateness of choosing this type of ammunition at a measured range, in which, unlike the prototype [6], when shooting multiple weapons from the armament of self-propelled objects, the order of the shots is established by determining the minimum time interval from the moment of the first shot of a separate self-propelled object until the last shell bursts. The inventive method can be implemented by means of a prototype device [6], which consists of a ballistic switching unit, a laser rangefinder, an efficiency assessment unit: a ballistic computer, an indication unit, a range measuring button, a field of view of a rangefinder — a monitoring device. As in the prototype [6], when firing, after determining the target for destruction, the gunner-operator selects the type of ammunition by setting the ballistic type switch on the ballistic switching unit to the required position. Further, by pressing the range measuring button, the distance to the target is measured. The signals from the ballistic switching unit and the laser rangefinder enter the efficiency evaluation unit, where the effective range of the selected type of ammunition is compared with the measured range to the target. In the case when the measured range exceeds the effective fire range of the selected type of ammunition, the performance evaluation unit sends a signal to the display unit, while the ballistic type indicator is intermittently displayed in the field of view of the sighting rangefinder - the observation device. Thus, the gunner is informed about the inappropriateness of using the selected ammunition at a measured range. An example of the method. In preparation for firing, the type of ammunition is determined by the switch on the ballistic switching unit, by pressing the range measuring button, the laser rangefinder measures the distance to the target. The signals from the ballistic switching unit and the laser range finder are sent to a ballistic computer. In the unit for evaluating the effectiveness, which compares the range of effective fire with the selected type of ammunition with the measured range to the target. In the case when the measured range exceeds the effective fire range of the selected type of ammunition, the performance evaluation unit will signal to the display unit, while the ballistic type indicator is intermittently displayed in the field of view of the sighting rangefinder — the observation device. Thus, the gunner is informed about the inappropriateness of using the selected ammunition at a measured range.

Further, to ensure group firing, the problem of planning and carrying out the shooting of artillery weapons of a group of self-propelled objects, for example, surface ships for a given target, namely, determining in what order the ships should be fired, is solved.

Currently, the solution to the problem of choosing the moments of firing a group of ships during sighting is being solved by direct exhaustive search. The asymptotic efficiency of such a method is O (n2).

The proposed method is based on the following algorithm.

Let there be N ships located at different distances from the target. The time interval of the flight of the projectile to the target from the j-th ship (j = 1, N) is denoted by τ _j . For a particular ship, this interval will depend both on the distance from the ship to the target, and on the speed of the projectile, that is, on the type of artillery mount.

The moments of rupture of shells t _i (i = 1, N) from different ships should be distinguishable, therefore, they should be separated by some equal time interval Δ. Obviously, the moments of shell explosions are given and ordered in a natural way.

The shot moment of the j-th ship T _j is determined by the obvious relation T _j (i) = t _i -τ _j . The task is to find such an order of shots {T _j (1), ..., T _j (N)} for ships for which the time interval from the moment of the first shot of a ship T _j (1) = min (T _j (i )) until the last shell burst t _N , would be minimal, i.e.

The solution to this problem is as follows

We arrange the set of projectile flight time intervals {τ _j } in non-decreasing order.

We obtain the ordered set {τ _{j ′} }. Here j ′ is the serial number j in the sorted array.

Then the desired order of the shots is the order in which the natural order on the set of shell burst moments {t _i } should correspond to the ordering of non-decreasing set of the corresponding projectile flight time intervals {τ _j }, that is, τ _{j ′} (t _i ) ≤τ _{j ′} +1 (t _{i + 1} ).

For N = 2, it is obvious that the ship for which τ _{j ′} ≤τ _{j ′ + 1} , j = 1, 2 should be the first to shoot.

Suppose that the above ordering is fulfilled for some N, and suppose that it gives the minimum value for (1). The validity of the indicated ordering for the additional (N + 1) -th ship is based on the following. Let for this ship the flight time of the projectile to the target is τ _{N + 1} . Consider the "insertion" of the shot of this ship in the already set order of shots for N ships. Let i ₀ correspond to the largest moment of discontinuities for which τ _{j ′} (t _i ) <τ _{N + 1} (i = 1, i ₀ ). For moments t _i , t _i = 1, i _{0 the} “insertion” of shot N + 1 of the ship will only increase the value (1). For all moments t _i with i> i _{0 the} “insertion” of the shot N + 1 of the ship will not change (1).

Therefore, the specified ordering of the shots provides a minimum value for (1).

Thus, the algorithm for finding the moments of shots is reduced to:

sorting non-decreasing values of τ _j ;

the calculation of the times T _{j ′} (1) = t _i -τ _{j ′} (t _i ).

sorting in ascending order of the obtained values of T _j (i). This order will be the desired order of the moments of shooting ships.

We estimate the asymptotic efficiency of the algorithm. The main time spent in the algorithm is associated with the time spent on sorting. Therefore, the asymptotic efficiency of the algorithm is O (N log N). The ratio of the effectiveness of the applied direct enumeration algorithm to the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is N / log (N).

For small N, a graph of this ratio is shown in the figure (figure). It follows that the proposed algorithm is several times more effective than the applied one.

Claims (1)

A method of firing from the armament of self-propelled objects, including a set of interacting electron-optical devices and automatic systems that provide search, detection, recognition of targets and tracking them day and night from a stationary self-propelled object and in motion; automatic loading of the gun with the selected type of ammunition: automatic calculation and input of corrections for air temperature, barrel bore wear, atmospheric pressure, crosswind, an additional unit for evaluating the firing efficiency is introduced, which analyzes the signals from the laser rangefinder and the ballistic switching unit, in the case when the measured range to the target exceeds the effective range of the selected type of shot, an inf The gunner’s formation by intermittent flashing of the “selected type of ballistics” indicator about the inappropriateness of choosing this type of ammunition at a measured range, characterized in that when group shooting from armament of self-propelled objects, the order of shots is established by determining the minimum time interval from the moment of the first shot of a separate self-propelled object to the moment rupture of the last shell.

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