RU2378655C1 - Method and integrated system of individual account and control of energy resources consumption in municipal housing economy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: inventions refer to measurement equipment, and namely to systems of forming and controlling measurement data as per primary parametres determining public services used by householders (hot and cold water, heat and electric energy, gas). In order to achieve the result, there installed are inspection and measuring subsystems per each flat for each of energy sources: at the entry of each flat - electric energy sensors, in each flat - heat, hot and cold water, gas flow measuring devices. At that, for measuring water and gas flow there used are smart flow sensors, for measuring heat energy - enthalpy sensors, for measuring electric energy - electric energy sensors, with consumed electric power restriction function. At the building entrance there installed are commercial account subsystems for each of energy sources (heat, electricity, gas, cold and hot water), which are implemented based on certified accounting means.

EFFECT: improving accounting accuracy of energy resources consumed for common needs of the building, their distribution to consumers, at increase of serviceability.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to means of accounting for the consumption of utilities in housing and communal services, in particular to systems for generating, monitoring measuring information according to primary parameters that determine the tenants' utilization of utilities (hot and cold water, heat and electricity, gas), and transmission it for processing in order to obtain the values (values) of actually consumed by consumers of energy resources according to the transmitted information and control the health of system elements during operation and maintenance of residential buildings and settlements for utilities, and can be used in housing and communal services for any type of building and heat supply system.

A known method of local control and accounting of heat consumption, described in the same patent of the Russian Federation No. 2105958 in class. G01K 17/00, 17/08, c. 12/21/1995, 02/27/1998.

The known method consists in the fact that thermometric measurements are carried out in separate groups of heat-using installations at their input and output using thermal converters with different levels of supplied signals (by one degree of temperature difference), which are created proportional to the relative nominal thermal powers of the respective heat-using installations, ensuring the proportionality of the total signal level to the total consumption of thermal energy.

The disadvantage of this method is the not very high accuracy of the measurements, due to the fact that the measurements do not take into account and do not separate the costs of energy carriers for heating common areas - a corridor in the entrance, for standard heating and heating of residential premises.

A known method of determining heat consumption by local consumers included in the integrated system of heat consumers, described in the same patent of the Russian Federation No. 2138029 in class. G01K 17/08, c. 06/09/1998, op. September 20, 1999

The known method is that the heat consumption is determined by the combined system of heat consumers for a specific heat transfer time by the heat source, the temperature difference on the surface of the heat source of the local heat consumer and the cooling medium of the local heat consumer is measured, the average heat transfer coefficient is determined by the combined system of heat consumers according to the formula:

α = Q / t × ∑S _i × ΔT _i ,

where α is the average heat transfer coefficient for the combined system of heat consumers;

Q is the heat consumption of the integrated consumer system for a specific heat transfer time by the heat source;

S _i is the surface area of the heat source of the local heat consumer;

ΔT _i is the temperature difference on the surface of the heat source of the local heat consumer and the cooling medium of the local heat consumer;

t is the heat transfer time by the heat source;

i = 1-n, where n is the number of local heat consumers,

then determine the heat consumption by the local heat consumer for the same specific time of heat transfer by the heat source according to the formula:

Q _i = α × S _i × ΔT _i × t,

where Q _i is the heat consumption by a local consumer for a specific heat transfer time by a heat source.

The disadvantage of this method is the low accuracy of determining the flow of energy, due to the fact that the measurement is carried out according to the average heat transfer coefficient, taking into account the temperature difference on the heating device and at the floor level without taking into account the area of the apartment, and, in addition, the consumer does not see how much heat is used up for heating his apartment, but how much for heating common areas. Seeing only the total value of consumption, the consumer is weakly interested in saving heat.

A known system of network dispatch control described in the article "From dispatching elevators - to the computerization of enterprises" in the journal "Housing and utilities", 2001, No. 6, pp. 16-20.

The known system includes telemechanics complexes installed in each of the housing offices, and a network dispatch control system that integrates them, including the equipment of the facility: security alarm and diagnostics of elevators, pressure, flow, temperature sensors for monitoring the heating and water supply systems, actuators, and a central console in the form of a radio station at a control room connected to scheduling objects by wire or radio communication through appropriate modems.

A disadvantage of the known system is that it has limited operational capabilities in terms of energy saving, as it is mainly designed for monitoring and diagnostics of elevators and is quite expensive, as it uses telecom complexes. Unfortunately, the article describes the system very briefly.

The known method and device for monitoring housing information described in clause of the Russian Federation No. 2141626 "Device for monitoring housing information" according to cl. G01F 1/00, A62C 2/00, G08B 17/00, c. 07/14/14, op.20.11.1999

The known method consists in the fact that in each apartment of residential buildings, counters or signal sensors are installed for each energy carrier consumed: gas, heat, hot and drinking water, electricity, take their readings and process information on energy carriers actually consumed by consumers: gas by its mass , heat, taking into account the main features of the heating system of the apartment, hot water by its energy content, electricity, taking into account changes in the temporary tariff, drinking water with temperature correction second error calculating consumption of each energy.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is not accurate enough, because it does not take into account the share of normative energy consumption in apartments that are not equipped with metering devices, house heat losses taking into account the "participation" of each apartment in house losses and does not divide the total consumption into individual and total house parts.

The device that implements this method comprises home controllers with memory devices containing house addresses, modems, a central control room electronic computer with a timer for storing events in time and a printer to provide legal record keeping and printing invoice payments payable by tenants, a personal computer with sound and light signaling, located in the security guard units, sensors of elevators operation parameters with help desks, cable, postal, telephone and / or radio communication channels, as well as unified sensors of electrical signals for temperature, pressure and volumetric flow rate of gas installed in apartments of residential buildings, sensors of electrical signals for temperature and volumetric flow rate of water, located at characteristic points of heating systems in apartments, drinking and hot water systems , microcontrollers made with the possibility of storing apartment numbers and determining the mass gas flow and drinking water consumption, energy content of hot water and heat, taking into account temperatures errors and memorizing these values for the period of absence of mains power supply, equipped with autonomous power sources, electronic converter units with network power sources, security assistance call panels, and also contains blocks of apartment meters of actually consumed gas by its mass, heat and electric energy, and drinking water and energy content of hot water, made in the form of electromechanical counters of electrical impulses corresponding to a given "unit" size spent energy with the possibility of their placement outside the apartments, while the sensors and call guards are connected via electronic converters to microcontrollers, which are connected to the blocks of apartment meters and to house controllers, connected via modems and communication channels to computers of the central control room and duty computers parts of the fire department, police, ambulance, gas emergency service, housing and communal services or elevator services located near the house, residents of which go need help.

In the known system, the current housing and communal information is periodically periodically collected by a computer through modems, a telephone network, cable or radio channels from home microcontrollers. A person who needs help can press the call button for the appropriate help and the call signal interrupts the computer's data collection and enters through the computer of the central control room, where it is stored with the time stamp and address, to the nearest fire department, police, ambulance, emergency gas service, housing and communal services or elevator services.

The main technical result of the known device is to increase the amount of information for analyzing the state of housing and communal services.

A disadvantage of the known device is its limited operational capabilities, due to the use of analog circuitry and technical solutions, eliminating the possibility of exchanging information of devices of various levels (apartment, house, system) and the possibility of implementing multi-tariff meters, which does not allow reducing consumer costs. In addition, the known device cannot be used in buildings with vertical wiring of heating systems.

In addition to the above, the known device does not provide the consumer with an accurate accounting of the energy resources consumed by him, since he does not divide the total consumption into individual (apartment) and communal parts.

Closest to the claimed technical essence are the method and device described in clause of the Russian Federation No. 2296305 in class. G01K 17/00, c. 08/22/05, op. 03/27/07 and selected as prototypes.

A known method is as follows.

Electromechanical meters with interface modules for converting analog signals to digital are installed in each apartment for measuring gas and electricity consumption. To measure heat and water flow, respectively, intelligent temperature conversion sensors and intelligent water quantity sensors or electromechanical water meters with interface modules are used, they measure the temperature and amount of water directly on risers in the apartment and in the entrance. Using a heat meter, heat consumption is measured throughout the house. The actual heat consumption for a separate apartment is determined based on the calculation of the heat balance on the basis of the equality of the heat consumption measured by the heat meter throughout the house and the heat consumption received for heating individual apartments, according to the formula:

Q _house = ∑Q _iind + ∑Q _norms + Q _generally ,

where Q _i.ind is the actual heat consumption for heating each apartment by a heat meter;

Q _norms - the share of the normative consumption of thermal energy by a separate apartment;

Q by _{common house} - general heat loss.

House-wide heat loss is defined as:

Q by _{common house} = Q _house -∑Q _iind -∑Q _norms .

Take into account the "participation" of each apartment in the total house heat loss in the amount

Q by the _general = δ _i × Q by the _general ,

where δ _i - the "weight" coefficient of a particular apartment, determined for the case

Q is _generally <0 as δ _i = S _i / S,

where S _i - the area of a separate apartment;

S is the area of all apartments in the house, and for the case of Q, it is _generally > 0 as δ _i = S _i / S _accounting ,

where S _accounting - the area of apartments equipped with meters.

The total actual heat consumption for a separate apartment is calculated as

Q _i = Q _{i ind} + Q _{i generally} ,

where Q _{i ind} - heat consumption for a separate apartment on the counter,

Q _{i by the common house} - the consumption of each apartment for heating a common place (common house losses),

then, using the display means, they provide each consumer with information about the energy resources consumed by his apartment and their cost for monitoring and, if necessary, regulating their consumption through thermostatic valves. The disadvantage of this method is that the accounting with its help of consumed energy for common needs is not accurate enough and convenient. This is due to the fact that it does not take into account the consumption for common building needs of other energy carriers (water, gas, electricity), as well as the heat and power characteristics of the building, for example, such as the location of the apartments in the house relative to the natural source of heat and light (the Sun), current climatic conditions etc., accurate measurements of heat consumption are impossible and there is no way to regulate electricity consumption in case of non-payment of its consumption.

The known system by which the inventive method is implemented comprises installed (apartment) electricity meters, gas meters, water meters, interface modules, intelligent temperature conversion sensors for monitoring the heat consumption of apartments, intelligent sensors for the amount of hot and cold water, hydraulic and thermostatic valves (not marked and not shown in the drawings), as well as local hubs for collecting and processing information, each of which contains a processor, an element memory and a power source (mains or battery) and is equipped with interfaces for communication with apartment monitors, a house hub and with the mentioned meters and sensors. The meters are also equipped with interface modules for signal conversion. The system also includes a set of equipment for general house-based commercial metering of heat and water consumption installed in the house, including a heat meter, and a complex of equipment, which is an individual heat point. The heat meter is connected to a home concentrator connected through a modem and a communication channel to a central control room. The central control room (DAC) contains a computer used to identify the controlled object, store an archive of data on energy consumption, print receipts of payments and control payments.

The disadvantages of the known system are that it does not accurately take into account the energy consumption for common house needs and is not very convenient in operation, due to the following reasons.

The system uses the subsystem of commercial common house accounting for only one of the energy carriers - thermal energy. In addition, a wired communication line is used, which is not always reliable and convenient. The system also uses, in addition to local concentrators, electricity meters, which increases the number of components, reducing reliability and complicating the circuit. The use of temperature sensors, which must be repaired in the event of a breakdown, also complicates the operation of the system. In addition, both the temperature sensors used and the electricity meters do not provide an accurate measurement of temperature and electricity. The communication line used in the system does not guarantee, if necessary, access to data and the priority of transmitting an alarm in the event of a malfunction. There is no possibility in the system to restrict non-paying consumers in electricity consumption. Running a home hub does not allow you to configure the network and requires programming skills, which also complicates the operation of the system.

The objective is to increase the accuracy of accounting for energy resources spent on common needs, while improving ease of use.

The problem is solved in that:

- in the method of individual metering and regulation of energy consumption in the housing and communal services, which consists in the fact that for the commercial metering of energy carriers supplied to consumers, a commercial meter for heat energy, electricity, gas, cold and hot water is installed in the form of a communal energy controller at the entrance to a residential building and certified with it control and measuring devices of energy consumption, its pressure and temperature, and for apartment metering of consumed energy lei - heat, electricity, cold and hot water and gas - use the control and measuring subsystems installed in each apartment, consisting of meters for electricity consumption, heat consumption, hot and cold water, gas, using to measure the flow of hot and cold water and gas Intelligent wireless sensors for flow, heat consumption - wireless network water enthalpy sensors installed directly on risers in the apartment measure the amount of each energy source supplied to the entire house using the common house energy controller, using control and measuring systems determine the actual energy consumption of each apartment, determine the common house energy costs and distribute them according to the appropriate algorithms between the subscribers (tenants) and provide each consumer with information on the energy resources consumed by his apartment (taking into account the common house costs) and their cost , ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION, additionally carry out general household metering of electricity, cold and hot water and gas, for which about, at the entrance to the building, subsystems of commercial metering of the mentioned energy carriers are installed, and to account for individual consumption in apartment control and measuring subsystems, smart wireless flow sensors are used to measure water and gas consumption, smart wireless enthalpy sensors are used to measure heat energy, and sensors are used to measure electric energy electricity with the function of limiting the consumption of electric power, then based on the measured data from the apartment control The consumption subsystems and the commercial accounting subsystems calculate the common house-hold energy costs, which are distributed according to the appropriate algorithms between the tenants of the house and bring this information to each of the tenants, while for calculations for the optimal distribution of costs between the tenants of the house, the data generated by the built-in mathematical model of the thermodynamic state of the house in in the form of coefficients taking into account the location of the apartment inside the house and external climatic factors, and if not paid for any type of energy the farmers remotely limit the power of the supplied electricity supplied to the non-payer;

- in an integrated system of individual metering and regulation of energy consumption in housing and communal services, including a subsystem for commercial metering of energy supplied to the building in the form of a home energy controller and certified measuring instruments for measuring flow, pressure and temperature of energy carriers, installed at the entrance to the building, -measurement systems for accounting for the consumption of each of the energy carriers, made in the form of residential buildings and apartments installed in apartments positioned at characteristic points of heating systems, cold and hot water supply systems, enthalpy meters, gas flow rates, cold and hot water, as well as power flow meters installed at the entrance to each apartment, connected to local concentrators by wireless communication lines connected to house concentrators equipped with storage devices containing the addresses of houses and connected by digital communication channels with the settlement and information system of the housing and communal services (billing), equipped with This means that the apartment equipment also contains apartment monitors for displaying information on consumed energy resources in physical and cost units and the health of system elements, the system also includes individual thermostatic valves to maintain optimal thermal regime in a separate apartment, while local concentrators are connected to control and measuring subsystems of accounting wireless digital communication lines and with the home hub using a wired digital communication line, the home hub is also a device for collecting information from local hubs and from the home power controller and is connected to the settlement and information system of the housing and communal services, ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION for common house metering of the supplied energy additionally installed at the entrance to the building of the subsystem of commercial metering of electricity, cold and hot heat supply and gas supply, and in the control and measuring subsystems for accounting for individual consumption, the measuring devices installed in the apartments are made wireless, while the devices for measuring the flow of water and gas are intelligent flow sensors, the devices for measuring thermal energy are the sensors of enthalpy, and for the measurement of electricity are electric sensors with function to limit the consumption of electric power, local concentrators simultaneously perform the function of electric meters, the communication line is made in de network with guaranteed access to data and multi-level data transmission priority, house Hub is a microprocessor-based device with a built-in thermal mathematical model of the building and the archive database, ensures delivery of credentials in the billing center.

An additional introduction to the system of subsystems for the commercial metering of the remaining energy carriers supplied to the consumer - electricity, gas, hot and cold water - when the individual metering devices use each apartment for energy consumption in the control and measurement subsystems to measure water and gas consumption in the form of smart flow sensors for measuring heat energy - enthalpy sensors, for measuring electricity - electric sensors with the function of limiting the consumption of electric power, in in conjunction with the implementation of local concentrators with the possibility of simultaneously performing the function of electric meters when performing a communication line in the form of a network with guaranteed access to data and with multi-level priority for data transfer, and a home concentrator in the form of a microprocessor with an integrated thermal mathematical model of the building, taking into account the heat and power characteristics of each apartment in the house , and an archive database, allows to increase the accuracy of accounting for each tenant of energy resources, the distribution of common house energy costs, and improve the convenience of operating the system.

The technical result is an increase in the accuracy of accounting for each tenant of the common house energy costs while improving the ease of use.

The inventive method has a novelty in comparison with the prototype, differing from it by such significant features as the use of additional subsystems of commercial metering of all energy supplied to the consumer, the use of more modern measuring instruments in the control and metering subsystems of consumption metering: for measuring heat - enthalpy sensors, for measuring electricity - sensors with the function of limiting the consumption of electricity, for measuring the flow of gas, hot and cold water - intelligent flow sensors, as well as taking into account the heat and power characteristics of each apartment in the house using the used building thermal model, and the reduction in non-payment for any type of energy resource of the consumed electric power supplied to the non-payer, which together ensures the achievement of a given result.

The inventive system has a novelty in comparison with the prototype, differing in such essential features as the installation at the building entrance of additional subsystems for commercial metering of all energy carriers supplied to the building, the performance in the control and measuring subsystems of energy metering of sensors installed in apartments wireless, power consumption meters - sensory with the ability to implement the function of limiting the consumption of electricity equipped with wireless adapters, ism heat meters in the form of enthalpy sensors, and gas flow meters, hot and cold water - in the form of intelligent flow sensors, performing local concentrators with the ability to simultaneously perform the functions of electric meters, performing a communication line in the form of a network with guaranteed access to data and with multi-level priority of data transmission , a home concentrator in the form of a microprocessor device with an integrated thermal mathematical model of the building and an archive database that together provide adannogo result.

The applicant does not know the technical solutions possessing the indicated distinctive essential features, which together ensure the achievement of the desired result, therefore, he believes that the claimed method and integrated system for its implementation meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The inventive method and system can be widely used in utilities, and therefore meet the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, which are shown respectively in:

figure 1 - functional diagram of the system;

figure 2 - functional diagram of the measuring part of a single-pipe heating system;

figure 3 is a functional diagram of the measuring part of a two-pipe heating system;

figure 4 is a functional diagram of a mathematical mathematical model of a building.

The inventive method of individual metering of consumption and regulation of energy consumption in housing and communal services is as follows.

They install control and measuring subsystems for each of the energy carriers: at the entrance to each apartment - electric sensors, in each apartment - devices for measuring the flow of heat, hot and cold water, gas. At the same time, smart flow sensors are used to measure the flow of water and gas, enthalpy sensors are used to measure heat energy, and power sensors are used to measure electric power with the function of limiting the consumption of electric power. At the entrance to the building, subsystems of commercial metering are installed for each of the energy carriers (heat, electricity, gas, cold and hot water), implemented on the basis of certified metering devices.

With the help of certified accounting tools, commercial accounting of all energy supplied to the building is carried out. Using apartment control and measuring subsystems, the consumption of heat, hot and cold water, gas in each apartment is measured. At the same time, smart flow sensors are used to measure the flow rate of hot and cold water and gas, enthalpy sensors are used to measure thermal energy, and sensors with the function of limiting energy consumption are used to measure electricity. Then, on the basis of the measured data from the apartment control and measuring subsystems and subsystems of commercial metering, the common house energy costs are calculated, which are distributed among the residents of the house according to the appropriate algorithms and brought to their attention the received data. At the same time, in the calculations for the optimal distribution of costs between the residents of the house, data are used, generated by the built-in mathematical model of the thermodynamic state of the house in the form of coefficients taking into account the location of the apartment inside the house and external climatic factors. In case of non-payment for any energy resource, the amount of electricity supplied is reduced to the non-payer.

The integrated system of individual metering of energy resources (figure 1) contains located at the entrance to the building of the subsystem 1-5 of the commercial metering of thermal energy, electricity, cold and hot water and gas, respectively, equipped with physical non-protocol interfaces 6 _1-5 .

At the entrance to each apartment there is a power sensor 8, and in each apartment there are 9 enthalpy sensors (on each riser), sensors 10, 11, 12 of the flow of cold, hot water and gas, respectively. These sensors of each apartment are connected by wireless communication channels to the local concentrator 13 of each apartment, each of which is connected by a wired communication line to a home concentrator 7, connected via a digital interface 14 to the energy controller 15. The energy controller 15 is also connected via physical non-protocol interfaces 6 _1-5 with subsystems 1-5 of commercial accounting, and the house concentrator 7 is connected to the billing center 16.

In this case, subsystem 1 contains sensors 17, 18, 19 of flow, pressure and temperature of the forward and reverse network water, subsystem 2 includes an electric meter 20, subsystem 3 includes a flowmeter 21, pressure and temperature sensor 23, subsystem 4 contains a flowmeter 24, and pressure sensor 25 and a temperature sensor 26, subsystem 5 - a flow meter 27, a pressure sensor 28 and a temperature sensor 29. All measuring subsystems of commercial accounting at the border of balance responsibility are connected by a physical non-protocol interface with an energy controller 15 certified as a means of commercial accounting. The house concentrator 7 is connected via an interface 30 to the energy controller 15. The calculated data on apartment consumption from the calculation of common house expenses and data of the mathematical model are transmitted on request to billing center 16 for the formation of payments by subscribers and in the form of receipts for payment returned billing prices rum 16 in individual accounting subsystem. The local concentrator 13 is connected via interfaces 31 and 32, respectively, to the house concentrator 7 and the control and measuring subsystem 33 of individual metering, which includes electric sensors 8 installed at the entrance to each apartment, and enthalpy sensors 9 in each apartment (on each riser) , sensors 10, 11, 12 flow, respectively, cold, hot water and gas. The control and measuring subsystem 33 implements the functions of individual metering of the consumption of heat, electricity, gas, cold and hot water by each apartment. The home concentrator 7 is connected via an interface 34 via a digital interface line 35 with a billing center 16, which generates reporting data on payments to the individual apartment subsystem 8 through a digital interface 36.

Sensors 8-12 of the control and measuring subsystems 33 installed in the apartments of a residential building are located at characteristic points of the apartment heating systems, cold and hot water supply systems. Local concentrators 13 are configured to store apartment numbers and collect data on gas, electricity and water consumption, energy content of hot water and store these values.

Sensors 8-12 of the control and measuring subsystems 33 installed in the apartments of a residential building are located at characteristic points of the heating systems of the apartments, cold and hot water supply systems, gas supply and electric power input. Local concentrators 13 are configured to store apartment numbers and collect data via wireless channels from wireless enthalpy and flow sensors, calculate apartment consumption for all types of energy resources and maintain an archive database.

During the absence of mains power, they are equipped with autonomous power sources.

The house hub 7 is a microprocessor device with a built-in thermal model of the building (residential building) and is equipped with interface adapters 30, 31 and 34 for connecting to the energy controller 15, local hubs 13 and billing centers 16. The house hub 7 is equipped with a memory for storing the address of the house and maintaining a long-term archival database of energy consumption. The equipment of the apartment contains additionally wired or wireless apartment monitors (not shown in the drawings) to display information about energy consumption in physical and cost units and the health of system elements.

Intelligent flow sensors are used as meters 10-12 for the consumption of cold, hot water and gas, respectively designed to account for the individual consumption of cold and hot water and gas. Sensors of enthalpy 9, are made constructively with the possibility of replacement without stopping the heating system and provide autonomous operation without replacing the built-in power supply for at least 3 years. Electricity sensors 8 are configured to implement the function of restricting electricity consumption in case of non-payment of any type of energy and installed at the entrance to the apartment. The system also includes individual thermostatic valves to maintain optimal thermal conditions in a separate apartment (not shown and not indicated in the drawings). At the same time, local concentrators 13 simultaneously perform the function of electric meters, serve as devices for collecting information from smart sensors, and are connected via wireless communication with the sensors of the apartment. The house concentrator 7 is a microprocessor device with a built-in mathematical model of the building; it serves to collect information from local concentrators 13 and from subsystems 1-5 of the commercial metering of energy carriers supplied to the house and is connected to the billing center 16 by a digital interface 35. The house concentrator 7 performs dispatching functions the amount of consumed services for each apartment and the monitoring of faults and a computing device for transmitting the necessary information.

Subsystems of commercial accounting made and work as follows. Subsystem 1 of the commercial metering of thermal energy is built on the basis of certified means of metering thermal energy of the energy controller 15, flow meters 17, pressure sensors 18 and temperature sensors 19 of the forward and reverse network water.

The algorithm for calculating thermal energy is determined by the "Rules for accounting for thermal energy and energy carrier" and has the form:

- количество тепловой энергии, полученное зданием,Where:

- the amount of thermal energy received by the building,

G _ol - consumption of direct network water,

G _about - the consumption of reverse network water,

h _pr - the enthalpy of direct network water,

h _about - the enthalpy of reverse network water.

The subsystem is built on the principle of multi-tariff.

Additional functions - analysis of the quality of thermal energy. It is estimated by the following indicators:

- compliance with the temperature schedule depending on the outdoor temperature;

- compliance with the design pressure at the entrance to the building;

- compliance with the calculated thermal regime;

- timeliness and uninterrupted supply of thermal energy.

Subsystem 2 of the commercial metering of electric energy contains a certified electric meter 20 and is located at the entrance to the building (input-distribution device). The algorithm for calculating the consumed electric power has the form:

Where:

N _ZD - active power consumption of the building, kW / h.

Subsystem 2 is built on the principle of multi-tariff.

Additional functions - analysis of the quality of electrical energy. It is estimated by the following indicators:

- compliance with a frequency of 50 Hz;

- compliance with the design voltage at the entrance to the building;

- timeliness and uninterrupted supply of electrical energy.

Subsystem 3 of the commercial metering of water supply (HVS) includes a jointly certified energy controller 15, a flow meter 21, a pressure sensor 22, and a temperature sensor 23. The subsystem is located at the entrance to the building. The algorithm for calculating water consumption is:

Where:

- количество воды, потребленной зданием, т,

- the amount of water consumed by the building, t,

G - volumetric flow rate of the building, m ³ / h,

ρ is the density of water, kg / m ³ .

Subsystem 3 is built on the principle of multi-tariff.

Additional functions - analysis of the quality of water supply services. It is estimated by the following indicators:

- pressure in the supply pipe,

- timeliness and uninterrupted supply of cold water.

Subsystem 4 of commercial metering of hot water supply (DHW) includes a jointly certified energy controller 15, flow meter 24, pressure 25 and temperature sensor 26 and is located at the entrance to the building. The algorithm for calculating the consumed hot water has the form:

Where:

- количество воды, потребленной зданием, т,

- the amount of water consumed by the building, t,

G - volumetric flow rate of the building, m ³ / h,

ρ is the density of water, kg / m ³ .

Subsystem 4 is built on the principle of multi-tariff.

Additional functions - analysis of the quality of hot water services. It is estimated by the following indicators:

- pressure in the supply pipe,

- hot water temperature,

- timeliness and uninterrupted supply of hot water.

Subsystem 5 of the commercial metering of gas supply contains a jointly certified energy controller 15, a flow meter 27, a pressure sensor 28 and a temperature sensor 29. Subsystem 5 is located at the entrance to the building. The algorithm for calculating the consumed natural gas has the form:

Where:

- количество газа, потребленного зданием, нм³,

- the amount of gas consumed by the building, nm ³ ,

G - volumetric gas flow to the building, m ³ / h,

k is the coefficient of dimension.

Subsystem 5 is built on the principle of multi-tariff.

Additional functions - analysis of the quality of gas supply services. It is estimated by the following indicators:

gas pressure

timeliness and uninterrupted gas supply.

The measured data on the supplied energy carriers using the communication line 14 are supplied to the home concentrator.

Instrumentation subsystems 33 are made and operate as follows.

Individual metering of thermal energy consumed by apartments for single-pipe and double-pipe heating systems with vertical wiring are somewhat different.

For single pipe heating systems with vertical wiring, the subsystem is based on wireless sensor technology. The system consists of wireless enthalpy sensors 9 installed in risers. Functional layout of the measuring part is shown in figure 2.

Here, TE ⁱ is a wireless enthalpy sensor 9.

The algorithm for calculating the thermal energy consumed by an apartment with such wiring is constructed according to the following formula:

where: Q _{j, i} - thermal energy consumed by the apartment;

H _i - enthalpy of water in the riser of the apartment;

H _i-1 - enthalpy of water in the riser on the previous floor.

For two-pipe heating systems with vertical wiring, the subsystem is also built on the basis of wireless sensor technology. The system consists of wireless enthalpy sensors 9. Functional layout of the measuring part is shown in figure 3. The algorithm for calculating the heat energy consumed by the apartment is constructed according to the following formula:

Where:

Q _{j, i} - thermal energy consumed by the apartment;

H _ol - the enthalpy of water on the radiator;

H _about - the enthalpy of water behind the radiator.

Individual metering of electric energy consumed by apartments is based on a sensor 8 of electric power with the function of limiting the consumption of electricity. The algorithm for calculating power consumption has the form:

Where:

N _health - active power consumption, kW / h,

I - current strength, A,

U is the voltage, V.

The subsystem has the functions of limiting the electric power in case of late payment by the subscriber for any type of energy carrier. The restriction function is introduced remotely. The subsystem has four power limitation levels.

 The first level is the limit on electricity consumption (determined by the area of the apartment).

 The second and third levels are determined when you configure the system at the facility.

 The fourth level is the level of limitation of the minimum allowable power.

The individual cold water supply accounting subsystem of the apartment is built on the basis of a wireless sensor 10 flow. The algorithm for calculating the consumption of cold water has the form:

- количество воды, потребленной квартирой, т,Where:

- the amount of water consumed by the apartment, t,

G is the volumetric flow rate of water per apartment, m ³ / h,

ρ is the density of water, kg / m ³ .

Subsystem 34 is built on the principle of multi-tariff.

The quality of the service provided is assessed by the timeliness and continuity of the supply of cold storage.

Individual metering of the apartment’s hot water supply is based on the wireless sensor 11 of the flow. The algorithm for calculating the consumption of hot water is:

- количество горячей воды, потребленной квартирой, т,Where:

- the amount of hot water consumed by the apartment, t,

G - volumetric flow of hot water to the apartment, m ³ / h,

ρ is the density of water, kg / m ³ .

Subsystem 36 is built on the principle of multi-tariff.

Individual gas metering is based on a wireless sensor 12 flow rates. The algorithm for calculating the consumed natural gas has the form:

- количество воды, потребленной зданием, т,Where:

- the amount of water consumed by the building, t,

G - volumetric gas flow to the building, m ³ / h,

ρ - gas density, kg / m ³ (the value is transmitted from the subsystem of commercial gas metering).

The subsystem is built on the principle of multi-tariff.

Data from the control and measuring subsystems 33 are received through local concentrators 13 to the home concentrator 7.

The home hub 7 is a microprocessor device with a thermal model of a building built into it.

Thermal model of the building

The thermal model of the building is designed to assess the thermodynamic state of the building in accordance with the methodology described in the building codes, and to form correlation coefficients for the consumed heat of subscribers based on climatic and geographical factors.

Input data for a mathematical model in accordance with its functional structure are formed on the basis of six blocks.

Block I - "Conditions for a comfortable stay." The conditions for comfortable living are formed on the basis of the set of rules SP 23-101-2000 and SNiP 23-01, in which comfortable temperature and relative humidity indoors are determined for different seasons and categories of buildings.

Block II - “Typical Climatic Conditions”. Typical climatic conditions are established on the basis of SNiP 23-01 and SP 23-101-2000, which include:

- wind speed and direction (w ₀ );

- atmospheric pressure (p ₀ );

- average air temperature during the heating season according to SNiP 23-01 (t ₀ );

- the average value of the total solar radiation SP 23-101-2000 (q ₀ );

- relative humidity of the outdoor air during the heating season (ψ ₀ ).

зданию и вычисления модуля (помещения) с минимальными тепловыми потерями

The data block is the basis for calculating the typical distributions of heat loss over

building and module (room) calculations with minimal heat loss

Block III - “Typical Building Design”. The block determines the heat-shielding characteristics of structures, building elements and materials, sets the geometric characteristics and the typical design of the premises, determines the construction area. The formation of the block is carried out on the basis of the heat energy passport of the building.

Block IV - “Current Climate Conditions”. Current climatic conditions are determined on the basis of statistical data and the readings of the weather station installed on the building (or group of buildings). Sets the current climate picture and determines the current parameters:

- wind speed and direction;

- Atmosphere pressure;

- outdoor temperature;

- the value of the total solar radiation;

- relative humidity of outdoor air.

Block V - "Current room temperatures." Based on the readings of temperature sensors located inside the premises, the average temperature for each module (room) is set. At the stage of modeling the heat and energy parameters of the building, the statistics on average temperatures during the season and the intensity of their changes are used as input data.

Block VI - “Deviation of parameters”. The unit generates a mismatch signal of typical (Block II) and current (Blocks IV and V) climatic conditions according to the parameters:

- wind speed and direction;

- outdoor temperature;

- temperature inside adjacent adjacent rooms (modules);

- Atmosphere pressure;

- the value of the total solar radiation;

- relative humidity of outdoor air.

The calculation complex of the functional structure of the mathematical model consists of the following blocks.

Block VII - “Mathematical model of heat energy parameters”. The calculation unit is based on the implementation of a non-stationary dynamic model, which provides the ability to disable the time dependence of the parameters and the calculation of the static balance model.

Block VIII - “Dynamic Corrections of Typical Heat Losses”. Establishes a relationship between additional thermal losses in the module when the current climatic conditions deviate from the typical values adopted according to SNiP (taking into account real conditions). The influence of each of the climatic parameters is considered independent of the others. Additional (positive or negative) corrections to heat losses are associated with the deviation of the parameter from the typical value and the duration of this deviation. Correlation relationships are calculated on the basis of a non-stationary dynamic model with variation of the input action separately for each of the parameters.

When working as part of a heat metering system in real time, two functions are known functions: the mismatch of the climate parameter and time. The resulting correction for heat loss is defined as the sum of the corrections for all parameters.

The minimum time between parameter deviation requests (Δτ), this parameter sets the polling frequency of the System sensors) is set at the stage of mathematical modeling of the building's heat and power parameters. The request time should be no more than the call time for the average temperature of the module (apartment).

A typical modular (apartment) coefficient is the reduction coefficient when calculating the payment for individual heat consumption, due to the location of the module (apartment) in the building according to the design documentation. Calculated on

1 m ² premises:

- типовые тепловые потери модулей на 1 м²;Where

- typical heat loss of modules per 1 m ² ;

- минимальные (или средние) тепловые потери на 1 м².

- minimum (or average) heat loss per 1 m ² .

Dynamic corrections take into account the deviation of climatic parameters for which a typical modular coefficient and heat loss are calculated from real conditions. The resulting correction to heat loss is determined as the sum of the amendments for all parameters, and the current modular coefficient is determined by the ratio:

- типовой модульный (квартирный) коэффициент.Where

- typical modular (apartment) coefficient.

Block IX - “Modular Temperature Distribution". Establishes the distribution of average temperatures inside the rooms (modules) obtained by solving the non-stationary dynamic model of heat and energy parameters.

Modes of operation of the mathematical model of heat energy parameters.

Mode 1 - Modeling processes, calculating correlation dependencies, establishing the degree of influence of various factors.

Input data:

- block "Conditions for a comfortable stay";

- block "Typical climatic conditions";

- block "Typical project of buildings";

- block "Current climatic conditions";

- block "Current room temperatures";

- “Deviation of parameters” block.

Settlement block:

- block "Mathematical model of heat and energy parameters."

Output:

- block “Dynamic corrections of typical heat losses”;

- correlation dependencies;

- typical heat loss;

- minimum typical heat loss;

- typical modular coefficient;

- modular coefficient;

- modular temperature distribution.

Mode 2 - Functioning as part of a heat metering system.

Input data:

- typical modular coefficient;

- minimum typical heat loss;

- block "Conditions for a comfortable stay";

- block "Typical climatic conditions";

- block "Current climatic conditions";

- block "Current room temperatures";

- “Deviation of parameters” block.

Settlement block:

- block “Dynamic corrections of typical heat losses”.

Output:

- amendments to heat losses;

- modular coefficient.

The heat and energy characteristics determined using the thermal model of the building also go to the billing center 16.

The parameters of commercial accounting and individual accounting are archived. Archived data is transferred to billing center 16, from where printouts for energy costs and their cost are sent to each consumer.

Compared with the prototype, the inventive method and system are more accurate in terms of accounting and distribution between residents of the house of common building costs of all types of energy and convenient in operation.

Claims (2)

1. The method of individual metering and regulation of energy consumption in the housing and communal services, which consists in the fact that for the commercial metering of energy supplied to consumers at the entrance to a residential building, a commercial meter of heat energy is installed in the form of a common energy controller, and for individual metering of the consumed energy - heat , electricity, cold and hot water and gas - use control and measuring subsystems, installing flow meters at the entrance to each apartment electricity, in each apartment - instruments for measuring the flow of heat, hot and cold water, gas, using smart sensors for measuring the flow of water, measure the temperature and amount of water directly on the risers in the apartment with the help of instruments, measure the amount of heat supplied to the whole house energy using a communal energy controller, using control and measuring systems determine the actual energy consumption, including heat in a separate apartment, and provide each the consumer information on the energy resources consumed by his apartment and their cost, as well as on the heat consumption attributable to common house needs, characterized in that they additionally carry out general house metering of electricity, cold and hot water and gas, for which, at the entrance to the building, subsystems of commercial metering named energy sources, and to account for individual consumption in apartment control and measuring subsystems, intelligent wireless flow sensors are used to measure water and gas consumption , for measuring thermal energy - intelligent wireless enthalpy sensors, for measuring electricity - electric sensors with the function of limiting the consumption of electric power, then based on the measured data from the apartment control and measuring subsystems and subsystems of commercial metering, the common house energy costs are calculated, which are distributed among the appropriate algorithms between residents of the house and bring this information to each of the residents, while calculating for the optimal distribution of The charge between the tenants of the house uses the data generated by the built-in mathematical model of the thermodynamic state of the house in the form of coefficients that take into account the location of the apartment inside the house and external climatic factors, and if you do not pay for any type of energy carrier, they remotely limit the power supplied to the non-payer. 2. An integrated system of individual metering and regulation of energy consumption in housing and communal services, including a subsystem for commercial metering of heat supplied to the building in the form of a home heat meter installed at the entrance to the building, control and measuring systems for metering the consumption of each energy carrier, made in the form established in apartments of residential buildings and located at characteristic points of heating systems, cold and hot water supply systems, temperature meters, gas consumption , cold and hot water, as well as electricity consumption meters installed at the entrance to each apartment, connected to local concentrators, connected to house concentrators, equipped with storage devices containing the addresses of the houses, and connected through interface lines to the settlement-information system of the housing and communal service (billing centers), equipped with means for storing events in time and printing certificates of actually consumed energy resources, while the equipment is qua the dashes also include wireless apartment monitors to display information on consumed energy in physical and cost units and the health of system elements, the system also includes individual thermostatic valves to maintain optimal thermal conditions in a separate apartment, while local concentrators are connected to control and measuring subsystems using a wireless communication line, the home hub is also a device for collecting information from local centers and from the home energy controller and is connected to the settlement and information system of the housing and communal services using a digital communication line, characterized in that for the common house metering of the supplied energy, additional subsystems of the commercial metering of electricity, cold and hot heat supply and gas supply are installed at the entrance to the building, and in the control and measuring subsystems for accounting for individual consumption, the measuring devices installed in the apartments are made wireless, with Volume devices for measuring water and gas consumption are intelligent flow sensors, devices for measuring thermal energy are enthalpy sensors, for measuring electricity are electric sensors with the function of limiting the consumption of electric power, local concentrators simultaneously perform the function of electric meters, the communication line is designed as a network with guaranteed access to data and with a multi-level priority of data transfer, the home hub is a microprocessor device with The structure of the thermal mathematical model of the building and the archive database, ensures delivery of credentials in the billing center.

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