RU2327105C2 - Method of monitoring condition of building or engineering-construction utility structure and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes, measurement.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to measurement equipment and may be used for monitoring condition of building or other engineering-construction utility structure in the process of its operation. Method consists in polling of sensors, which are installed in the points of structure diagnosis, transformation of information received from sensors and its transmission to control point in the form of computer. Results of sensors polling reflect in the form of visual picture of current condition of structure on computer display. Device consists of control point in the form of computer, sensors installed in the points of structure diagnosis, unit of signals preliminary processing connected to it, and facilities for signals preliminary processing unit connection to mentioned computer. At that the unit of preliminary processing is made with the possibility of sensors polling, reception and registration of signals, which contain measurement information and with the possibility of comparison of mentioned information with fixed values previously entered in its memory.

EFFECT: prevention of buildings structure destruction.

9 cl, 2 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to measuring equipment, namely to automatic means for continuously monitoring the state of a building structure or a building during its operation, allowing timely detection of excess of permissible deformations of the structure and to prevent its destruction.

State of the art

There is a known method of monitoring the state of elements of building structures, based on periodically conducted measurements of deformations by the operator using strain gauges installed in places of dangerous sections (see A. Rensky, Manual for strain gauging of building structures and materials. M., 1971, p. 133). The disadvantages of the method are the subjectivity of taking readings from measuring instruments and manual processing of information.

A known method of automated collection of strain-gauge information (see A. Rensky, Manual for strain gauging of building structures and materials. M., 1971, pp. 149-155), characterized by alternately connecting the measuring channels to the measurement unit and converting the recorded information to digital tabular form, which provides the ability to automatically enter experimental data into a computer for further processing. Compared to the manual method, automated studies provide an increase in the reliability of measurement results by increasing the number of measurement points and eliminating subjective errors, more complete use of the information obtained through in-depth data processing using computers, a significant acceleration of the timing of experiments and data processing, the possibility of studying designs and facilities operating in hazardous conditions. However, the aforementioned method of automated information collection, like manual, is periodic. A long period of time between inspections does not allow you to get a clear picture of the current state of the building structure at any particular time.

As the closest analogue to the claimed method, the method of remote monitoring and diagnostics of the state of structures and engineering structures (see patent for invention RU No. 2247958, IPC: G01M 5/00, publ. 10.03.2005), characterized by the use of computers as a point, is adopted control and information processing. According to the method, a software survey of sensors (measuring transducers) installed in the places of structural diagnostics is carried out, the obtained information is converted, digitized and transmitted to a control point, where the signals are recorded and compared with pre-recorded values, which are used as the data of metrological certification carried out before operation, and the deviation of the received signals is judged on the presence of changes in the controlled parameters. The method allows for constant monitoring of the state of the structure and at any time to obtain information about its condition, however, for this it is necessary to request information with a view to its output to the medium.

Known measuring strain gauge system SIIT-3, designed to monitor the state of the elements of building structures (Daychik ML Methods and means of full-scale strain measurement. M .: Engineering, 1989, p. 61), including a set of strain gauges, switch, measuring unit , converting the output signal of the sensors into digital form, and a printing device or interface for communication with a computer for data processing. However, the system allows only periodic monitoring of the state of the structure.

As the closest analogue to the claimed device, a device for remote monitoring and diagnostics of the state of structures and engineering structures (patent for invention RU No. 2247958, IPC: G01M 5/00, publ. March 10, 2005) containing measuring transducers, including . strain gauge sensors installed in the places of construction diagnostics, signal converters from sensors carrying measurement information, and a controller connected via a modem and communication line to a remote control point, including a computer. The device allows you to receive information at any time, i.e. carries out continuous monitoring of the technical condition of the structure during its operation. However, the device does not provide a clear presentation of information, which reduces the responsiveness to an emergency, and is intended primarily to monitor the status of pipeline structures.

Recently, in connection with the increasing incidence of collapse of building structures of various buildings and the death of people, there is an urgent need for means of constant monitoring and evaluation (i.e. monitoring) of their condition.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to prevent the destruction of the building structure (structure) by recognizing the threat at the initial stage of its occurrence and ensuring reliable protection of people in the event of an emergency and the threat of collapse due to the responsiveness.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of monitoring the state of the building structure or the civil engineering construction, including interrogating sensors installed in the diagnostic areas of the structure, converting the information received from the sensors and transmitting it to a control point made in the form of a computer with software, where registration and comparison of the information obtained is carried out with fixed values previously entered into the computer memory, according to the claimed invention, the conditional the image of the monitored object, repeating its design, is placed on it in places corresponding to the actual location of the sensors, colored indicator labels, display the mentioned image with indicator labels on the computer screen, providing a constant connection of the said indicator labels with sensors, as a fixed value for each sensor uses the maximum permissible value of the measured parameter obtained by preliminary calculations, and the results of a survey of sensors and comparison results she received from the information they reflect real-time through color indicator label and replace on a provisional image of the object on which judge the health of the sensor and the state of the structure.

In case of exceeding the calculated limit value obtained by the information simultaneously with the color change of the indicator label, additional information on the type and design of the structure on which the sensor corresponding to the indicator indicator is located is displayed.

The problem is also solved due to the fact that the device for monitoring the state of the building structure or civil engineering structure, containing a control point characterized by the use of a computer, measuring transducers located in the places of structural diagnostics, an associated signal preprocessing unit, including an analog-to-digital board the converter (ADC), and the communication means of the signal preprocessing unit with said computer configured to interrogate According to the claimed invention, it is equipped with visual converters, receiving and recording signals containing measurement information and with the possibility of comparing said information with fixed values previously stored in its memory, including means for visual representation of information, including a conditional image of a monitored design displayed on a computer screen, colored indicator marks, placed on said image in accordance with the placement of the measuring transducers and made with possible the ability to reflect in real time the health of the corresponding measuring transducer and the results of comparing the last information received from it by means of its color and changing it, while the computer is configured to simultaneously display additional information about the type and design of the design, on which a measuring transducer corresponding to said indicator label is located.

To describe the device, instead of the term “sensor”, the term “measuring transducer” identical to it was used in accordance with the recommendations of GOST 16263-70.

The main indicators of the state of the building structure or construction are the presence and magnitude of the deformation of its constituent elements. Therefore, mainly as sensors for monitoring the state of the structure of a building or building use strain gauge sensors, while the calculated value of the maximum permissible deformation of the structural element on which the sensor is mounted is used as a fixed value for comparing the information received from them. However, the claimed solution does not limit the possibility of using other measuring transducers (sensors) in order to control additional parameters.

The above set of essential features of both the method and the device allows to obtain a new positive result, namely, a clear and operative picture of the current state of the controlled structure, which provides recognition of the critical situation almost from the moment of its occurrence and the efficiency of making timely and optimally correct decisions to withdraw people from emergency zone.

A change in the situation at any controlled point in the structure, whether it is a malfunction of the sensor or an excess of the maximum permissible value measured by the sensor, is almost instantly reflected on the screen in the form of a change in the color of the indicator mark to another, contrasting with the previous one, for example, green - red. The clarity of the presentation of information in the form of a conditional image of a structure with colored indicator labels and the speed of its display on the screen due to the operation of the device in real time ensures the responsiveness of the operator on duty, in the visibility zone of which the computer display (or monitor) screen is located.

At the same time, the place of occurrence of critical deformation is visually reflected on the screen, which is ensured by the location of indicator marks on the conditional image of the object in accordance with the actual placement of the sensors. This allows you to quickly decide on how to quickly remove people from the danger zone.

Another factor contributing to the speed of decision-making on further actions is the display on the screen simultaneously with the receipt of a signal about exceeding the maximum permissible value, information about the type of building structure element where the mentioned excess occurred, because in contrast to the prototype and other well-known solutions, a building (building structure) consists of elements related to various types of building structures characterized by their own characteristics. Among them may be reinforced concrete and metal beams, various vertical supports, floor slabs and so on. In addition, the information contains additional information about the performance of the structural element, this may be the details of its location in the general structure of the building and in relation to nearby and / or contacting elements.

The monitoring results can be used for the current assessment of the technical condition of the building (structure) and serve as the basis for solving special issues that arise during operation, including the development of repair projects, strengthening the structure, increasing the load on the supporting structures, etc.

In order to attract additional attention of the operator, simultaneously with the color change of the indicator label, an audible alarm signal is generated.

In the specific case of the implementation of the device, the communication means of the signal preprocessing unit with the computer can be made in the form of a wired communication line (digital bus) and a signal matching device located at the input of the computer.

A converter may be used as a signal conditioning device.

The device is preferably intended for monitoring large and high-rise structures occupying large areas. In these cases, the most rational is the placement of sensors in groups, each of which is associated with its own signal preprocessing unit (BPOS). All units (BPOS) are connected to a common bus. The solution eliminates the need to lay long wire lines.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 presents the structural diagram of a device that implements the method;

figure 2 - structural diagram of the device in the case of monitoring the design of a large area, shows the placement of the sensors in groups.

The implementation of the invention

The device for monitoring the state of a building or engineering construction structure contains a set of measuring transducers 1, a signal preprocessing unit 2 (BPOS), including an ADC board 3, a communication line - bus 4, a signal matching device - converter 5, a control point made in the form of a computer 6, and associated with the latter display 7 and sound alarm device 8.

All the component blocks of the device can be implemented on the basis of well-known manufactured elements and microcircuits designed to perform these functions.

The set of measuring transducers 1 in the given implementation example includes strain gauges TD-1, TD-2, .., TD-n. However, the above example does not exhaust the possible cases of the implementation of the device and does not limit the use for monitoring the building (structure) of other types of measuring transducers that issue information in the form of an electrical analog signal.

Block 2 of the preliminary signal processing performs the functions of switching, connecting sensors at the request of a computer, removing information from them, necessary conversions, including digitization of information, and its transmission. Block 2 can be implemented on the basis of a control controller chip, including an ADC board and coordinating the operation of all elements of the block.

The computer 6, which is designed to control the control process in accordance with the program, as well as to register and process data, does not have serious technical or system requirements. It can be a personal computer with a clock frequency of at least 500 MHz and a RAM capacity of at least 256 MB. The program can run on operating systems from Windows 98 to Windows XP.

The inventive control method is carried out by the inventive device as follows.

Carry out the installation of sensors 1 in the most dangerous sections of the structure, subject to the greatest loads. The mentioned places are usually determined by the building constructor. The conditional image 9 of the monitored design with the colored indicator marks 10 placed on it and corresponding to sensors 1 is displayed on the screen of the display. The operation of sensors whose measurements are within acceptable limits is reflected in the green color of indicator mark 10. The inoperative state of the sensor 1 is reflected in yellow . To reflect the sensor readings exceeding the maximum permissible values, a red indicator is provided.

The calculated values of the maximum permissible deformation for each controlled building structure element on which the sensor is installed, as well as information about the type of structure, its location, and other information necessary for making a decision, are recorded in the memory of computer 6.

For the building (structure) establish constant supervision throughout the entire period of operation. The system is in a constant mode of self-diagnosis.

Computer 6, in accordance with a predetermined program, polls sensors 1 in turn, for which purpose the address of the polled sensor 1 is set on bus 4, block 2 receives a signal, decrypts and connects the sensor with the requested address to read information from it. The information received from the sensor 1 is converted to digital form on the ADC board 3 and transmitted to the bus 4. The converter 5 converts the signals to a form suitable for processing in a computer. Computer 6 registers a signal carrying measurement information, and compares the received data with a limit value previously stored in the memory. Comparison can be carried out, for example, by finding the difference between the mentioned values.

If the information received from the sensor 1 exceeds the maximum permissible value, i.e. when there is a change in the sign of the difference, the computer 6 gives a signal to change the color of the corresponding label indicator 10 and to the audio device 8, which provides the sound signal. At the same time, the computer memory is accessed and all available information about the structural element on which the excess was extracted is extracted from it. The extracted information is displayed on the display screen 7.

The duty officer, in the working area of which display 7 is located, captures the "alarm" signal. The operation of the building is suspended, people are being evacuated, and specialists will inspect the structure with which the alarm signal came. After analysis, a decision is made on the further operation of the building.

The system allows you to prevent the occurrence of dangerous deformations in buildings and structures in the early stages and thereby prevent the destruction of the latter, to carry out the timely evacuation of people and property.

In cases of large areas, the sensors 1 can be grouped into groups (see figure 2), each of which is associated with its own measurement unit: 1st group TD1.1, TD1.2, .. TD1.8 is associated with BPOS-1 ; The 2nd group, including TD2.1, TD2.2, .., TD2.6, is associated with BPOS-2, 3rd (TD3.1, TD3.2, ..., TD3.8) - with BPOS -3. All BPOS units are connected to a common communication line. The groups are polled alternately in accordance with the program. Information processing and output are carried out similarly to the above example.

Constant control and supervision is especially important when operating large, high-rise buildings, mainly office buildings, as well as cultural and leisure facilities, i.e. for those buildings and constructions in which there is a mass congestion of people, since in these cases a quick response to an emergency and ensuring prompt evacuation is especially necessary.

The inventive multichannel computer system for monitoring building structures allows round-the-clock automatic monitoring of the state of the controlled structure and displays visual information on the desk of the duty officer, which can be located in the building’s security room, and can be displayed on the police station, the Ministry of Emergencies or other relevant organization. In the above example with a wired communication line, it is possible to remove the BPOS from the converter unit, i.e. computer located at the control point, up to 1000 m. However, the above examples do not limit the possibility of using the invention in devices with wireless communication channels.

Claims (9)

1. A method for monitoring the state of a building structure or an engineering construction structure, including interrogating sensors installed in the places of diagnosis of the structure, converting the information received from the sensors, and transmitting it to a control point made in the form of a computer with software, where they register and compare the information received with fixed values previously entered into the computer’s memory, characterized in that they form a conditional image of the controlled object, repeating its con the structure, placed on it in places corresponding to the actual location of the sensors, colored indicator labels, display the aforementioned image with indicator labels on a computer screen, providing a constant connection of the mentioned indicator labels with sensors, obtained by preliminary calculations, the maximum permissible value of the measured parameter, and the results of a survey of sensors and the results of a comparison of the last information received from them are reflected in real time Erez color labels indicator and replace on a provisional image of the object on which judge the health of the sensor and the state of the structure. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that with the color change of the indicator label, information on the type and design of the structural element on which the sensor corresponding to this indicator indicator is placed is additionally displayed on the screen. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time as changing the color of the indicator label, the audible alarm signal is generated. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensors use strain gauge sensors, while the calculated value of the maximum allowable deformation of the structural element on which the said sensor is mounted is used as a fixed value for comparing the information received from them. 5. A device for monitoring the state of the structure of a building or civil engineering structure, containing a control point characterized by the use of a computer, measuring transducers located in the places of structural diagnostics, a signal pre-processing unit associated with them, including an analog-to-digital converter board, and communication means of the preliminary unit processing the signals with said computer, configured to interrogate the measuring transducers, receive and register the signal s containing measuring information, and with the possibility of comparing said information with fixed values previously stored in its memory, characterized in that it is equipped with means for visual presentation of information, including a conditional image of a monitored design displayed on a computer screen and colored indicator marks located on the aforementioned image in accordance with the placement of the measuring transducers and configured to reflect in real time through its color and its changes in operability of the corresponding measuring transducer and the results of comparing the last information received from it, while the computer is configured to simultaneously display additional information on the type and design element design with the color of the indicator mark on which the measuring element corresponding to the indicator mark is located converter. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the strain gauges are used as measuring transducers. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the communication means of the signal preprocessing unit with the computer include a digital communication line and a signal matching device located at the input of the computer. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the signal matching device is made in the form of a converter. 9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the measuring transducers are grouped into groups, each of which is associated with its own signal preprocessing unit, while all of the mentioned units are connected to a common digital communication line.

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