RU2284853C2 - Diffuser-emulsifier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydro-aeromechanics; production of the diffusers-emulsifiers for diffusion of one or several introduced materials into the accepting material.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the diffuser-emulsifier (10) and is intended for realization of diffusion of one or more introduced materials into the accepting material. The diffuser contains: the first component (12), which surface has the surface perturbations; the second component(30), which is arranged with respect to the first component in such a manner, that forms the channel (32), on which the first and second materials are passing. The introduced materials are pimped-in through the holes (22) in the first and second components. These holes (22) also ensure turbulence in the accepting material, which passes through area between the first and second components. The coaxial holes (22) are passing by each other forming the shaking ensuring providing the very high level of energy for diffusion of the introduced materials into the accepting The holes (22) can be made with the capability of action on one frequency or on many frequencies. The frequencies of the diffuser operation may effect on the coupling between the introduced materials and the accepting material and can also brake the complex molecular structures.

EFFECT: the invention ensures, that the frequencies of the diffuser operation may effect on the coupling between the introduced materials and the accepting material and can also brake the complex molecular structures.

26 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Technical field

This invention generally relates to diffusers and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying a gas or liquid into a material.

2. The level of technology

In many industries, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one material, gas or liquid into a second material. Emulsification is a form of diffusion, according to which small drops of one liquid are weighed in a second liquid, with which the first does not mix, like oil in vinegar. One important application of the diffusion process is wastewater treatment. Many urban households aerate wastewater as part of the treatment process to stimulate the biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of biological fermentation of organic matter is largely dependent on the amount of oxygen in the waste years, since oxygen is necessary to ensure the existence of microorganisms that consume organic matter. In this case, oxygen is able to remove certain compounds, such as iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.

There are several ways to saturate water with oxygen. According to the first method, turbine aeration systems emit air near the rotating impeller blades, which mixes air or oxygen with water. According to the second method, water can be sprayed into the air to increase the oxygen content in it. According to the third method, the AQUATEX system injects air or oxygen into water and exposes the water / gas to a strong vortex. AQUATEX inspections showed an increase of up to 200% in dissolved oxygen (about 20 ppm) under ideal conditions. The levels of natural oxygen in water are approximately 10 ppm, the maximum, and this level is considered the level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX device doubles the oxygen content in the water. Increased levels of oxygen saturation last only minutes and again return to the level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Increased levels of oxygen saturation and maintaining elevated oxygen levels for a longer time can improve wastewater treatment. At the same time, the efficiency of organic fermentation is increased, and the time required for biological recovery is reduced, and the productivity of wastewater treatment plants is increased.

Accordingly, there is a need to provide a diffusion mechanism capable of diffusing significant levels of one material or several materials into another material.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, the diffuser comprises a first element, the surface of which has surface disturbances in the form of recesses, and a second element, which is located saving the first diffusing element in such a way that it forms a channel through which the first material and the second material can pass. The first material is pumped relative to surface disturbances and creates cavitation in the first material to diffuse the second material into the first material.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior art. Firstly, the microcavitation created by the proposed device allows diffusion to occur at the molecular level, increasing the amount of input material that will be held by the receiving material, and increasing the duration of diffusion preservation. Secondly, microcavitation and shock waves can be created with a relatively simple mechanical device. Thirdly, the frequencies or frequencies of the shock wave created by the device can be used for many applications, either to destroy complex (structures, or to ensure the combination of structures. Fourth, cavitations and shock waves can be created uniformly throughout 5 material for even diffusion.

Brief Description of the Drawings

To explain the invention and its advantages, reference is made to the description below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

1 and 2 show a partial cross section of a partial block diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;

Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show a diffusion process internal to the diffuser;

figure 3 shows a view with a spatial separation of the parts, the rotor and the stator of the diffuser;

figure 4 shows the stator;

Fig. 5a shows a cross section of a rotor-stator assembly of a second embodiment of the invention;

5b shows a horizontal projection of the rotor of a second embodiment of the invention;

figure 6 shows a local section of a third variant embodiment of the invention;

on figa-7b depicts alternatives for creating effusion; and

on figa and 8b depicts another alternative embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is explained with reference to Figs. 1-8, wherein like reference numbers indicate like elements in different figures.

Figures 1 and 1a show a partial block diagram, a partial cross-section of a first embodiment of a device 10 configured to diffuse or emulsify a caustic or two gaseous or liquid materials (hereinafter “input materials”) into another gaseous or liquid material (hereinafter “ perceiving material "). The sensing material may typically be a solid material that is heated or otherwise treated to a liquid or gaseous state in a diffusion / emulsification process.

The rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, usually closed at both ends. The shaft 14 and the inlet 16 are connected to the ends of the rotor 12. The first input material can pass through the inlet 16 into the rotor 12. The shaft 14 is connected to an electric motor 18 that rotates the rotor at a given speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of through holes 22 formed therein, shown in more detail in FIG. 1a. In a preferred embodiment, each hole 22 has a narrow passage 24 and a larger bore or drill hole 26. The side walls 28 of the bore or drill holes 26 may have various shapes, including a straight line (according to FIG. 4), at an angle (according to FIG. 1) or curved shape.

The stator 30 encloses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between the rotor and the stator through which the receiving material can pass. The stator 30 also has holes 22 made in its circumference. A casing 34 surrounds the stator 30, and the inlet 36 passes the second input material into the region 35 between the stator 30 and the casing 34. The sensing material passes through the inlet 37 into the channel 32. The seals 38 are located between the shafts 14 and 16 and the casing 34. The outlet 40 passes the receiving material from the channel 32 to the pump 42, from where it exits through the outlet 44 of the pump. The pump may be driven by an electric motor 18 or an auxiliary source.

In operation, the diffuser receives the sensing material through the inlet 37. According to a preferred embodiment, the pump 42 injects the sensing material on the suction side of the pump so that the sensing material can pass through the channel at low pressures. The first and second input materials enter the receptive material through the openings 22. At their source, the input materials may be under pressure to prevent the passage of the receptive material through the openings 22.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, separate inlets 16 and 36 are provided for diffusing materials. According to this embodiment, two different input materials can be supplied to the sensing material. Or, the same input material can be fed into both inlets.

The embodiment of FIG. 1 in trials demonstrated high levels of diffusion of the introduced material (s) into the receiving material. Tests using oxygen as an input material and water as a receiving material showed levels of 400% oxygen dissolved in water, with elevated oxygen levels being maintained for days.

The reason for the high efficiency and safety of diffusion is considered to be the result of the presence of microcavitation, which is described with reference to figa-c. When a material passes over a smooth surface, a substantially laminar flow is established with a thin boundary layer that is stationary or moves very slowly due to surface tension between the moving fluid and the stationary surface. But the holes 22 interrupt the laminar flow and can cause an increase and decrease in pressure of the material. If the pressure during the pressure reduction cycle is sufficiently low, voids (cavitation bubbles) will form in the material. Cavitation bubbles create a rotating flow 46, similar to a tornado, because the low-pressure region located at a certain place draws in the receiving material and the input material, as shown in Fig. 2a. When cavitation bubbles burst, very high pressures are created. When two coaxial holes pass past each other, a concussion (shock wave) occurs, generating a significant amount of energy. The energy due to cavitation and shaking mixes the input material and the receiving material to a very high degree, possibly at the molecular level.

The frequency of the device depends on the frequency of rotation of the rotor 12 and the number of holes that pass each other in one rotation. It has been found that the action at the ultrasonic frequency in many applications may be appropriate. It is believed that the action of the device in the field of ultrasound provides the maximum shock energy of the shock, so that you can shift the bond angle of the fluid molecule, and this will allow the transport of additional input materials that are usually impossible to store. The frequency of action of the diffuser, apparently, affects the degree of diffusion, which leads to a much longer preservation of the introduced material in the receiving material.

In some applications, a specific frequency or frequencies may be required to destroy certain complex molecules, as in the case of water disinfection. In this case, multiple shaking frequencies can be used to break down complex structures, such as volatile organic compounds, into smaller substructures. Ozone can be used as one of the input materials for highly efficient oxidation of substructures.

Using the device 10, you can perform other related to ultrasonic chemistry actions. In general, ultrasound chemistry uses ultrasound to provide chemical reactions. Usually, ultrasound is generated by a piezoelectric or other electro-acoustic device. The difficulty associated with electro-acoustic sensors is that sound waves do not provide uniform sound waves throughout the material, while the necessary cavitation is concentrated around the device itself. The present invention allows the creation of ultrasonic waves throughout the material using a simple mechanical device.

Figure 3 shows a view with a spatial separation of parts, an embodiment of the rotor 12 and the stator 30, according to which at one speed of rotation it is possible to obtain several frequencies. According to FIG. 3, three circumferentially arranged rows of holes 50 (separately: rows 50a, 50b and 50c) of holes 22 are arranged circumferentially around the rotor 12. Each ring has a different number of holes arranged at equal intervals around its circumference. Similarly, the stator 30 has three circumferentially arranged rows of holes 52 (separately: rows 5a, 52b and 52c). So that at any given time only one pair of holes coincides between the respective rows, the number of holes 22 in this row 52 on the stator 30 may be one hole larger (or less) than the number of holes 22 in the corresponding row 50 of the rotor 12. For example, if row 50a has twenty holes located at the same interval around the circumference of the rotor 12, the row 52 may have 21 holes located at equal intervals around the circumference of the stator 30.

When the rotor 12 according to FIG. 3 rotates with respect to the stator 30, each row will create concussions at a different frequency. With proper selection of different frequencies, total and difference interference will arise, creating a wide range of frequencies. This frequency spectrum can be useful in many applications where unknown impurities in the receiving liquid must be destroyed and oxidized.

Figure 4 shows a side projection of a section of a variant implementation of the stator 30. For stators with a smaller diameter, the execution of a grooved or drilled hole 26 inside the stator 30 can be difficult. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the inner sleeve 54 and the outer sleeve 56 are used. The drilled or drilled holes 26 can be drilled outside the inner sleeve 54. For each bored or drilled hole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding coaxial passage 24 is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. Then the inner sleeve is inserted and fastened in the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other methods, such as casting, can also be used to form the stator 30.

Figures 5a-b show alternative embodiments of the diffuser 10. Where appropriate, the reference numbers of Figure 1 in these figures are repeated.

Fig. 5a shows a side view in cross section of an embodiment according to which the rotor 12 and the stator 30 are in the form of a disk. Fig. 5b shows a horizontal projection of the disk rotor 12. The stator 30 is located above and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and the rotor 30 have many holes, the type of which are described with reference to Fig. 1, and which pass by each other when the rotor 12 driven by an electric motor. Here, also for each row 52, the stator 30 may have one hole more or less than the corresponding row 50 in the rotor 12 to prevent simultaneous shaking of two holes in the same row. The holes 22 may have the same shape as in FIG. 1. The hollow shaft serves as an inlet 16 to the inside of the disk rotor for the first input material. Similarly, a second input material enters the region 35 between the stator 30 and the casing 34. When the receiving material passes through the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it undergoes a swirl in the holes 22, thereby causing the first and second materials to diffuse with the receiving material. The sensing material, perceiving the input material, passes to the outlet openings 40.

Fig. 5b shows a horizontal projection of the rotor 12. It is shown that the plurality of holes form concentric rows of holes on the rotor 12. Each row may, if necessary, produce concussions at different frequencies. According to a preferred embodiment, the holes 22 will be made above and below the rotor 12. Corresponding holes will be made above and below these holes on the stator 30.

Figure 6 shows a local section of an embodiment of the invention with a conical rotor 12. Both the stator 30 and the rotor 12 have a plurality of holes, the type of which are described above with reference to Fig. 1, and which pass by each other when the rotor 12 is driven by an electric motor . In addition to the holes around the circumference of the rotor 12, the holes can also be made below the conical shape, with corresponding holes in the lower part of the stator 30. As mentioned above, for each row, the stator 30 can have one hole more or less than the rotor 12 to prevent simultaneous concussion at two holes 22 in one row. The hollow shaft serves as an inlet 16 to the inside of the disk rotor for the first input material. Similarly, a second input material enters the region 35 between the stator 30 and the casing 34. When the receptive material passes between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it undergoes a swirl in the holes 22, thereby causing diffusion of the first and second materials with the receptive material. The sensing material, perceiving the input material, passes to the outlet openings 40.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, the rows of holes 22 can be made with increasing diameters, so this embodiment can provide multiple frequencies. It should be noted that you can use any number of forms, including hemispherical and spherical shapes for the implementation of the rotor 12 and the stator 30.

The diffuser described herein can be used in several applications. The optimal size of the hole (and for the passage 24, and for the bored or drilled hole 26), the width of the channel 32, the rotation speed and the diameters of the rotor / stator may depend on the specific application of the device.

As indicated above, the diffuser 10 can be used for aeration of water. In this embodiment, air or oxygen is used both as the first and second input materials. Air / oxygen diffuses into the wastewater (or other aerated water) as described with reference to FIG. 1. It was found that the diffuser can increase oxygen saturation to about 400% dissolved oxygen, while higher concentrations can be expected when optimizing the parameters in this application. In tests that circulated about twenty-five gallons of city water at ambient temperatures (with an initial reading of 84.4% dissolved oxygen) through the device for five minutes before increasing the dissolved oxygen content to 390%, the increased concentration of oxygen levels remained at over 300% dissolved oxygen for four hours; and over 200% dissolved oxygen for more than 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved oxygen content remained above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 kHz were used. The dimensions of the holes were 0.030 inches for the passage 24 and 0.25 inches for the bored or drilled holes (the bored or drilled holes 26 on the rotor had inclined harrows). Lower temperatures can significantly increase oxygen saturation levels and increase preservation of saturation.

Also, for wastewater treatment and for biological recovery of other toxic materials, oxygen can be used as one of the input materials, and ozone can be used as the other input material. In this case, ozone will be used to oxidize harmful structures in the receptive material, for example, volatile organic compounds and dangerous microorganisms. Moreover, as indicated above, a number of frequencies (determined by the rows of holes in the rotor 12 and stator 30) can be used to provide destructive interference, which destroys many adjacent structures into smaller substructures. Or, if this treatment is intended to oxidize one known harmful substance, then it will be possible to use one frequency, known as destroying this structure. Conversely, a number of frequencies giving constructive interference can be used to combine two or more compounds into a more complex and much more structured substance.

To obtain drinking water, ozone can be used as the first and second input materials for the destruction and oxidation of pollutants.

Although the action of the diffuser 10 is described in connection with an application such as cleaning urban wastewater, it can also be used for domestic applications, for cleaning drinking water, pools and aquariums.

This diffuser can also be used for other applications, according to which the diffusion of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the characteristics of the receiving material. Examples of these uses include homogenizing milk or hydrogenating oils. Other applications may include improving the mixing efficiency of fuels and gases / liquids to save fuel.

Figures 7a-b show alternative embodiments of the rotor 12 and the stator 30. According to Figa, the "stator" 30 also rotates, in which case the frequency of shocks will depend on the relative speed of rotation between the rotor 12 and the stator 30. In addition, either the rotor 12 or the stator 30 does not feed the input material through the element (according to Fig. 7b, only the rotor delivers the input material), and the element that does not supply the input material has instead of holes 22 cavities 58 for creating turbulence. The cavity 58 may have a shape similar to bored or drilled holes 26, without corresponding passages 24.

7c, the passage 24 through which the input material passes through the rotor 12 or the stator 30 is located at the bored or drilled hole 26, and not in the bored or drilled hole 26, as in previous implementations. It should be noted that the main purpose of the bored or drilled hole 26 is to interrupt the laminar flow of the receiving material over the surface of the rotor 12 and the stator 30. The increase in pressure and rarefaction (decrease in pressure) of the receiving material cause microcavitation, which provides a high degree of diffusion created by the device . Cavitation bubbles grow and contract (or burst), undergoing stresses due to the frequencies of the shocks. The explosions of cavitation bubbles directed inward generate energy, which provides a strong diffusion of the introduced materials into the receiving material as it passes through channel 32. Thus, when the introduced materials and the receiving material are mixed to the extent that cavitation and the shock waves caused by it will occur, then the diffusion described above takes place.

FIG. 7d shows an embodiment where initial mixing of the receiving material and one or more input materials is performed outside the channel 32. In this embodiment, a Mazzie diffuser 60 (or other device) is used to initially mix the input material (s) and the receiving material. This mixture enters the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, where it undergoes pressure / rarefaction cycles, as a result of which cavitation occurs in the mixture and is affected by the frequency of the shock waves.

Moreover, the generation of cavitation and shock waves can be carried out using structures that differ from the bored or drilled holes 26 specified in the previous embodiments. According to the foregoing, the bored or drilled holes 26 are surface perturbations that impede the laminar flow of the receiving material along the side walls of the channel 32. According to FIG. them. You can use other shapes than round ones. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 can be made in the rotor 12 and / or stator 30 to generate cavitation and shock waves.

As indicated above, the creation of shock waves at a certain frequency is not required for all applications, and not for all applications it will be appropriate. Therefore, the rotor 12 or stator 30 may have bored or drilled holes 26 (or other surface disturbances) configured to generate white noise instead of a certain frequency. The structures used to create cavitation do not have to be uniform; cavitation can be caused by a rather rough surface on the rotor 12 or stator 30. Moreover, according to Fig. 7g, the creation of cavitation by the surface of the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 may not be necessary, but in In most cases, the operation of the device 10 will be more effective when using both surfaces.

Fig. 7h shows an embodiment according to which cavitation-causing movement is provided by the receiving material (alternatively, with entrained input material), and not by the relative movement of the rotor 12 and the stator 30. In the embodiment according to Fig. 7h, the channel 32 is made between two walls 66 which are stationary relative to each other, and one wall or both have surface disturbances facing channel 32. The sensing material is pumped through the channel at high speed using a pump or other device Features for creating high speed flow. One input material or several is introduced into the channel, either through passages 24, or by mixing the receiving material with the input materials external to the channel. The high speed of the receptive material relative to the walls 66 causes the microcavitation and shaking described above.

For example, one or more of the walls 66 may be a fine mesh through which the input material (s) passes and mixes with the receiving material in the channel 32. Surface disturbances in the mesh provide microcavitation and shock when the sensitive material passes through the mesh at high speed. The frequency of shaking will depend on the size of the mesh cells and the speed of the receiving material. In this case, the introduced materials will also diffuse into the receiving material at the molecular level in the microcavitation areas.

FIGS. 8a and 8b show yet another embodiment, according to which the rotating member 70 is located in the pipe 72 and rotated by an electric motor 73. The sensing material and the input material (s) are mixed in the pipe 72 in front of the rotating member 70 using a Mazzie diffuser 74 or another device. The rotating element may, for example, be in the form of a propeller or screw. One or more surface disturbances 76 are made on the surface of the rotating element 70, as a result of which the rotation of the rotating element 70 creates microcavitation, thereby providing a high degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller blades and the pattern of surface disturbances 76 on it can create cavitation or concussion with the desired frequency for the above purposes. In this case, the shape of the rotating device can provide the injection of materials through the pipeline.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior art. Firstly, the microcavitation generated by the device provides the possibility of diffusion at the molecular level, increasing the amount of input material that will be held by the receiving material, and lengthening the diffusion preservation time. Secondly, microcavitation and shock waves can be created with a relatively simple mechanical device. Thirdly, the frequencies or frequencies of the shock wave generated by the device can be used in many applications, either to destroy complex structures or to ensure the combination of structures. Fourth, cavitation and shock waves can be created uniform throughout the material for stable diffusion.

Although a detailed description of the invention is directed to certain exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications of these embodiments will be apparent. The present invention includes all modifications or embodiments within the scope of the claims.

Claims (26)

1. A diffuser containing a first element having a surface containing surface disturbances, a second element, the first side of which is relative to the surface of the first element so that a channel is formed between them, through which the first material coming from the first inlet passes, and into which introducing a second material coming from the second inlet through the second side of the second element, while the diffuser is designed in such a way that essentially provides a continuous flow of material rial from the first inlet to the channel during its operation, means for moving the first material along the channel relative to surface disturbances to create cavitation in the first material in the channel to diffuse the second material into the first material. 2. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which the second element also has a surface containing surface perturbations. 3. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which the surface disturbances have recesses. 4. The diffuser according to claim 3, in which the recesses have bored or drilled holes. 5. The diffuser according to claim 4, in which the recesses have grooves. 6. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which surface perturbations have protrusions. 7. The diffuser according to claim 6, in which the protrusions are convex. 8. The diffuser according to claim 7, in which the protrusions have ridges. 9. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which the first element or the second element, or both of these elements have one or more passages made in them for the passage of the second material into the channel before mixing with the first material. 10. The diffuser according to claim 9, in which the passages are made in the first and second elements for passing two different materials through the channel before mixing with each other. 11. The diffuser according to claim 1, which also contains a pump for pumping the first and second materials through the channel. 12. The diffuser according to claim 1, which also contains a pump for pumping the first and second materials through the channel. 13. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which the first element has a cylindrical shape. 14. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which the first element is in the form of a disk. 15. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which the first element has a conical shape. 16. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which the first element has a spherical shape. 17. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which the first element has a hemispherical shape. 18. The diffuser according to claim 1, in which the movement of the first material against surface disturbances forms shock waves at one or more discrete frequencies. 19. The method of diffusing the first material into the second material, according to which the first material is introduced from the first inlet to the channel formed between the first element and the first side of the second element, while providing a substantially continuous flow of material from the first inlet to the channel during the diffusion process , the second material is introduced through the second side of the second element into the channel, while at least one of the first and second elements has surface perturbations facing the channel, and move the first material relative to surface disturbances to increase and decrease the pressure of the first and second materials to create cavitation of the first material in the channel for diffusing the second material into the first material. 20. The method according to claim 19, in which the first and second elements have surface disturbances facing the channel. 21. The method according to claim 19, in which at least one element from the first and second elements has a surface with recesses made in it. 22. The method according to claim 19, in which at least one element of the first and second elements has a surface with bored or drilled holes made therein. 23. The method according to claim 19, in which at least one element of the first and second elements has a surface on which surface disturbances are arranged in a row and are designed to increase and decrease the pressure of the first material at a known frequency. 24. The method according to claim 19, in which at least one element of the first and second elements has a surface on which surface disturbances are arranged in the form of many rows and are designed to increase and decrease the pressure of the first material at the corresponding discrete frequencies. 25. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first material is liquid and the second material is gas. 26. A diffuser containing a first element having a surface containing surface perturbations, a second element having a first surface containing surface perturbations located relative to the first element so that a channel is formed along which the first material passes between the surfaces of the corresponding element, while the second the element contains passages, the first inlet means for introducing the first material into the channel, while the diffuser is designed in such a way that essentially continuous the outflow of material from the first inlet to the channel during its operation, the second inlet means for introducing the second material into the second surface of the second element so that the second material is introduced through the passages into the channel for mixing with the first material, and an electric motor for moving the first and second elements relative to each other to create cavitation in the first material when the first material is in the channel, for diffusing the second material into the first material.

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