RU2180386C1 - Electronic locking device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric locks with electronic devices inside and outside the lock, applicable for locking the flat, office, safe, country-cottage, garage, car, as well as for control of guard devices of water areas temporarily closed for navigation. SUBSTANCE: the device has a lock and a key included in an actuator, open-close buttons, open-close indicators, transceivers of two-way communication between the key and the lock, and electric power supply elements. Introduced in the lock and the key are microcontrollers having two types of storage data and program ones. The data storage contains a record of codes individual for every unlocking similar for the lock and the key. The program storage contains a record of commands executed at unlocking or locking that is different for the lock and the key. The electromechanical actuator and the transceiver included in the lock are connected to the lock microcontroller, and the open-close buttons, open-close indicators included in the key are connected to the key microcontroller. The power supply elements are connected to the power supply buses of the lock and key. EFFECT: enhanced protection against any unauthorized opening. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to electric locks with electronic devices inside and outside the lock and can be used to lock an apartment, office, safe, cottage, garage, car, as well as control water protection devices temporarily closed for shipping.

 Known electronic locks use the principle of communication between the key and the lock, which contains the information necessary to unlock the lock. So from the electronic key to the lock the unlock signal is given. It can be simple or encoded and transmitted either through a communication line (optocoupler, radio, wireline, etc.), or by dialing a code combination on a digital control panel. Dialing can be done in a programmed sequence.

 At the same time, this principle of controlling the lock is the weak point of protecting the lock from unauthorized unlocking, since when intercepting a communication session between the key and the lock, it becomes possible to counterfeit the unlock signal and open the lock with an electronic master key.

 Of the known electronic locks, the closest analogue may be a microprocessor-controlled combination lock (see Electronics and Technology, Conrod Electronic product catalog, 1998, electronic components, p. 179, Best Nr 150 10-68), which is selected as a prototype .

 The prototype contains a microprocessor-controlled module, an electromechanical actuator, a status indication, and a keypad for opening and closing the lock. To open the lock, you need to dial the correct code combination from 1 to 10 digits in the programmed sequence. When you dial the correct code combination, the corresponding device is turned on (the relay is activated), which opens the lock. Closing the lock occurs when you re-dial the same combination. If the code is entered incorrectly three times, the device automatically locks the keyboard for 60 seconds, at the same time the alarm output is activated and the connected “beep” sounds.

 The weak point of protecting the prototype of the claimed device from opening by an attacker is the use of the selected unlock code more than once. This makes it possible, "watching" the unlocking process, to open the lock unauthorized.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the security of the electronic locking device from any unauthorized opening. This goal is achieved by the fact that in an electronic locking device containing a lock and a key, which includes an electromechanical actuator, open-close buttons, open-close indicators, two-way communication transceivers between the key and the lock and power elements, microcontrollers are inserted into the lock and key having two types of memory, data and program, moreover, the data memory contains the same for the lock and key record codes, individual for each unlock, while the program memory contains different for the lock and key record of commands executed during unlocking or locking. In this case, the electromechanical actuator and the transceiver included in the lock are connected to the lock microcontroller, and the open-close buttons included in the key, the open-closed indicators and the transceiver are connected to the key microcontroller, and, in addition, the power elements are connected to the lock power buses and the key.

 The drawing shows a structural diagram of the claimed electronic locking device. According to the structural diagram, the electronic key includes nodes 1–9, and the electronic lock 10–15. At the same time, the buttons open 1, close 2, open 2, indicators 3 open, closed 4, transceiver 5, into which the transmitter enters the ports of the microcontroller 6 8 and receiver 9. The key is powered by element 7.

 In the lock, the transceiver 10 and the electromechanical actuator 13 are connected to the ports of the microcontroller 14. The transceiver 10 includes a receiver 11 and a transmitter 12. The device 13 has two control inputs - open and close, as well as two outputs for confirming the execution of the command - open and closed. The power supply of the lock is provided by element 15.

 The data memory of the microcontrollers 6 and 14 of the lock and key is the same. It contains n cells. Each cell contains a different code for each single lock opening. As a code, for example, m-bit numbers are used. In one of the data memory cells is the current unlock code, which, when subsequently locked, randomly switches to another cell.

 In the program memory of the microcontroller 6 keys, seven consecutive unlocking commands and three sequential unlocking commands are used. In the program memory of the microcontroller 14 of the lock, eight consecutive unlock commands and six lock commands are used.

 Unlock or lock commands start automatically after pressing the buttons open 1 or close 2.

 For control, two-way communication is used between the key and the lock. In the case of optocoupler communication, the optical sensors of the transceivers 5 and 10 of the lock and key must be directed at each other, as in the remote control of TVs.

 The key executes the following commands when unlocking the lock: 1 - sending by the transmitter 8 to the lock a signal requesting a cell number in which the current unlock code is recorded, 2 - turning on the receiver 9 while receiving a cell number signal from the lock, 3 - receiving a cell number signal from the lock, 4 - extracting the unlock code from the data memory of the microcontroller 6 of the key, according to the adopted cell number, 5 - transmitting the unlock code to the lock, 6 - receiving the signal from the lock is open, 7 - turning on the indicator 3 is open.

 The commands performed by the lock during unlocking: 1 - receiving a cell number request signal with the current unlocking code from the key, 2 - transmitting this number to the key by the transmitter 12, 3 - turning on the receiver 11 while the key is unlocking, 4 - receiving the signal transmitted by the key , 5 - mutual subtraction of codes (numbers) received and recorded in the lock unlock cell.

Depending on the results of subtraction, two variants of the following commands are used: 1) the difference is not equal to zero: 6 ^a - blocking of the actuator 13, 7 ^a - switching on the alarm; 2) the difference is zero: 6 ^b - turning on the electromechanical actuating device 13 for unlocking, 7 ^b - receiving the signal from the actuating device 13 open, 8 - transmitting the signal open to the key.

 When locking the lock, the key executes the following commands: 1 - send the signal to the lock to close, 2 - receive the signal from the lock is closed, 3 - signal indication is closed.

 The lock when locking performs the following commands: 1 - receiving the command to close from the key, 2 - turning on the electromechanical actuator 13 for locking, 3 - receiving the lock by the microcontroller 14 from the actuator, the signal is closed, 4 - randomly transferring the code of the current unlocking of the lock to another memory location microcontroller data 14, 5 - signal transmission to the key is closed, 6 - preparation of the lock receiver 11 for new reception of the cell number request signal with the unlock code.

 Since there is no information on the subsequent unlocking of the electronic lock device in the open-close cycle, intercepting the communication session between the key and the lock does not make it possible to copy the unlock signal (create an electronic master key).

 Thus, a technical result is achieved - increasing the security of the electronic locking device from any unauthorized opening.

Claims (1)

 An electronic lock device containing a lock and a key, which includes an electromechanical actuator, open-close buttons, open-close indicators, two-way communication transceivers between the key and the lock, and power elements, characterized in that microcontrollers are inserted into the lock and key, having two type of memory, data and program, moreover, the data memory contains the same for the lock and key record codes, individual for each unlock, while the program memory contains different for the lock and recording the commands executed during unlocking or locking, while the electromechanical actuator and the transceiver included in the lock are connected to the lock microcontroller, and the open-close buttons included in the key, the open-closed indicators and the transceiver are connected to the key microcontroller and, in addition , power elements are connected to the power buses of the lock and key.