RU200677U1 - UNIVERSAL HIGH WAVE TRANSMITTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to telecommunication devices, namely, short-wave radio communication devices. The proposed device can be used to organize networks and short-wave communication systems that provide long-distance communication in the absence of access to the resources of fixed, mobile, including satellite information and telecommunication networks. in the regions of the Far North and other hard-to-reach areas, as well as for communication with mobile objects. It can be used in military affairs, in amateur shortwave radio communication, radio sports, for long-distance broadcasting reception, in geology, in geodesy, in construction and in other fields. The main advantages of the proposed universal shortwave transceiver are: 1. The proposed device provides all-wave operation at any frequency from 1.5 MHz to 30 MHz in the telegraph mode, in the mode with one sideband, for reception and transmission, as well as for reception in the amplitude modulation mode. 2. The proposed utility model provides increased reception immunity due to the fact that it allows simultaneous reception of stations with amplitude modulation and provides the possibility of separate reception of the upper or lower side bands of the signal with amplitude modulation to the least extent affected by interference. 3. The proposed device has expanded functionality and provides the possibility of computer panoramic monitoring of the environment on the air, as well as visual monitoring of the frequency spectrum of transmitted and received signals, self-monitoring and an additional tunable digital reception channel. The proposed utility model uses an optimized number of filters, amplifiers, and frequency converters in the transmission and reception paths. 5. The proposed device provides a digital display of the tuning frequency on the built-in indicator, due to which the convenience (simplicity) of tuning the radio station to the operating frequency is provided.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to telecommunications devices, namely to shortwave radio communications.

The proposed device can be used to organize networks and shortwave communication systems that provide long-distance communication in the absence of access to the resources of fixed, mobile, including satellite information and telecommunication networks, in the Far North and other hard-to-reach areas, as well as for communication with moving objects. It can be used in military affairs, in amateur shortwave radio communication, radio sports, for long-range broadcast reception, in geology, in geodesy, in construction and other fields.

A shortwave transceiver for telegraphy and signals with one sideband (SSB) frequencies (CW / SSB), described in the book: Ed. E. Reference manual for high-frequency circuitry. M: "Mir", 1990, on p. 88, see fig. 2.13. This device is also a shortwave transceiver.

The disadvantages of the prototype device are:

- work in a narrow band of specified frequency ranges;

- the lack of the possibility of synchronous reception of stations with amplitude modulation (AM stations);

- the lack of the possibility of separate reception of the upper or lower side bands of the signal with amplitude modulation (AM signal) in the least affected by interference;

- the lack of the possibility of panoramic control of the environment on the air, as well as the frequency spectrum of transmitted and received signals;

- inability to organize an additional digital reception channel;

- excessive number of filters, amplifiers, frequency converters in the transmission and reception paths;

- lack of digital display of the tuning frequency;

- Lack of work for transmission in the mode with one sideband.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is to create such a universal short-wave transceiver, which ensures operation at any frequency of the short-wave range from 1.5 MHz to 30 MHz (all-wave operation), has the ability to synchronously receive AM stations, separately receive the upper or lower side bands of the AM signal. to the least extent affected by interference, carries out panoramic monitoring of the environment on the air and control of the frequency spectrum of transmitted and received signals, has a digital display of the tuning frequency, allows communication in a mode with one sideband, and also has an optimized number of filters, amplifiers, frequency converters in the transmission and reception paths, provides the organization of an additional digital reception channel.

The proposed universal short-wave transceiver will find wide application in the organization of short-wave communications and long-range broadcast reception.

To achieve this goal, it is proposed to use a universal short-wave transceiver containing, like the prototype, a first amplifier, a transmission filter, a tunable preselector, a first mixer, a selective amplifier, a master oscillator, a second mixer, a low-frequency filter, a low-frequency amplifier "switch S1.1 (in the prototype TX / RX), and the bi-directional interface of the transceiver "Antenna" is connected to the third contact of the switch S1.1, the output of the first amplifier is connected to the input of the transmission filter, and the output of the transmission filter is connected to the first contact of the switch S1.1, the second output of the first mixer is connected to the first input selective amplifier, the first output of the second mixer is connected to the input of the low-pass filter, and the output of the low-pass filter is fed to the input of the low-frequency amplifier, the output of which goes to the output of the "Headphones" transceiver, and the first output of the master oscillator is connected to the third input of the first mixer, supplemented by a converter, bl PC interface window, third mixer, driver, controller, indicator, switches S2, S3, S4, filters of the upper sideband, lower sideband, midband, adder, second amplifier, switch S5, controlled oscillator, third filter, switch S1.1 is supplemented with contact groups S1.2 ... S1.5, the first mixer, selective amplifier, the third mixer are made bidirectional (reversible), moreover, the first input of the tunable preselector is connected to the third contact of the switch S1.2, the second contact of which is connected to the second contact switch S1.1, and the first contact of the switch S1.2 is connected to the first output of the first mixer, the first input of which is connected to the second contact of the switch S1.3, the first input of the converter is connected to the first contact of the switch S1.1 and the output of the transmission filter, the input of the first amplifier connected to the first contact of the switch S1.3, the second output of the first mixer is connected to the second input One of the converter, the bidirectional converter interface is connected to the PC interface unit, which has a bi-directional interface towards an external PC, the second output of the selective amplifier is fed to the first input of the third mixer, and the first output of this mixer is connected to the second input of the selective amplifier, the first output of this amplifier is connected to the second the input of the first mixer, the second input of the third mixer is connected to the first contact of the switch S1.5, the second output of the third mixer is connected to the second contact of the switch S1.4, the first contact of which is connected to the output of the former, and the third contact of this switch is connected to the first contacts of the switches S2, S3, S4, the second contact of the S2 switch is fed to the input of the upper sideband filter, the output of which is fed to the first input of the adder, the second contact of the switch S3 is connected to the input of the middle band filter, the output of which is fed to the second input of the adder, and the second contact of the switch S4 associated with filter input the lower sideband, the output of which is fed to the third input of the adder, the output of the adder is connected to the third contact of the switch S1.5, the second contact of which is connected to the input of the second amplifier, and the output of this amplifier is fed to the input of the second mixer, the second output of the second mixer is connected to the input the third filter, the output of the third filter is fed to the input of the controlled generator, the output of which is connected to the second contact of the switch S5, and the third output of the second mixer is connected to the third contact of the switch S5, the first contact of which is connected to the third output of the master oscillator, which is also fed to the first input of the driver , the input of the transceiver "Microphone" is connected to the second input of the shaper, and the input of the transceiver "Key" is connected to the third input of the shaper, the second output of the master oscillator is connected to the third input of the third mixer.

FIG. 1 shows the structure of the proposed universal shortwave transceiver, where:

1 - converter;

2 - PC interface unit;

3 - the first amplifier;

4 - transmission filter;

5 - tunable preselector;

6 - the first mixer;

7 - selective amplifier;

8 - third mixer;

9 - master oscillator;

10 - shaper;

11 - upper sideband filter;

12 - middle band filter;

13 - filter of the lower side band of frequencies;

14 - adder;

15 - controller;

16 - indicator;

17 - the second amplifier;

18 - second mixer;

19 - controlled generator;

20 - third filter;

21 - low-pass filter;

22 - low-frequency amplifier;

S1.1… S1.5 - reception / transmission operating mode switch;

S2, S3, S4 - bandwidth mode switches;

S5 - switch of modes of operation: one sideband, telegraph ("OBP, TLG") / amplitude modulation ("AM").

The purpose of the structural elements of the proposed universal short-wave transceiver is as follows:

- Converter 1 is designed to convert radio frequency signals into a stream of values of a complex digital signal and transmit this stream to a computer via a high-speed bi-directional interface;

- the PC 2 interface unit is designed to organize communication with an external PC that processes the stream of values of a complex digital signal, controls the converter modes, displays a panoramic image of the environment on the air, as well as the frequency spectrum of transmitted and received signals, organizes an additional tunable receive channel;

- the first amplifier 3 is designed to amplify the power of the transmitted signal;

- transmission filter 4 is designed to attenuate out-of-band emissions;

- the tunable preselector 5 is designed for all-wave selection of the transmit and receive signals, weakening the side channel of the 1st intermediate frequency, weakening the mirror channel of the first transformation;

- the first mixer 6 is designed for bidirectional conversion of the frequency of the input signal to the first intermediate frequency and conversion of the frequency of the transmitted signal from the first intermediate frequency to the operating frequency;

- selective amplifier 7 is designed to selectively amplify signals of the first intermediate frequency in the receiving and transmitting modes, as well as to weaken the mirror channel of the second transformation;

- the third mixer 8 is designed for bidirectional conversion of reception signals from the first to the second intermediate frequency and transmission signals from the second to the first intermediate frequency;

- master oscillator 9 is designed to generate signals of the first, second and third local oscillators with high frequency stability;

- shaper 10 is designed to generate signals of the classes of radiation used;

- the filter of the upper sideband 11 is intended for the main selection of the upper sideband;

- the filter of the middle frequency band 12 is intended for the main selection of the middle (telegraph) frequency band;

- the filter of the lower sideband frequency 13 is intended for the main selection of the lower sideband frequency;

- the adder 14 is designed to combine the signals of separately included filters;

- controller 15 is designed to control the frequency synthesizers of the master oscillator, control the digital display of the operating frequency, control the all-wave preselector tuning, process signals from the tuning knob and keyboard;

- indicator 16 is intended for digital display of the operating frequency;

- the second amplifier 17 is designed to provide the sensitivity of the receiving path;

- the second mixer 18 is designed to generate sound beats when receiving telegraph signals, to restore the carrier when receiving SSB signals, for synchronous reception of AM signals, to extract a signal of frequency-phase mismatch in the PLL system of a synchronous detector;

- controlled generator 19 is designed for synchronous reception of AM signals;

- the third filter 20 is designed to operate in a phase-locked loop of a synchronous detector;

- the low-pass filter 21 is designed for low-frequency processing of the received signal;

- low-frequency amplifier 22 is designed to amplify the signal in the audio frequency band;

- the switch of operating modes reception / transmission S1.1 ... S1.5 is intended for switching circuits when switching from the reception mode to the transmission mode;

- switches of passband modes S2, S3, S4 are intended for switching filter circuits in the corresponding modes of passband;

- S5 operating mode switch is designed for circuit switching in operating modes: one sideband, telegraph ("OBP, TLG") / amplitude modulation ("AM").

The principle of operation of the proposed universal short-wave transceiver.

The main technical essence of the proposed utility model has two sides:

- one side of the technical essence of the proposed device is expressed in the fact that, in addition to all-wave operation as a transceiver for telegraph and single-sideband signals in the entire short-wave (KB) range, it allows receiving broadcasting and other AM stations (with traditional two-band amplitude modulation) when selecting one side stripes using synchronous detection. This makes it possible to significantly increase the noise immunity of such a reception due to the fact that, at the discretion of the operator, the rejection (cutting) of that side band of the transmitted signal, which is most affected by interference, can be performed without impairing the intelligibility of the received speech signal. In fact, the proposed device converts the received signal into a signal with SSB modulation and detects this signal even with strong fading. To implement this principle of reception, the device is supplemented with a switched system of filters for the main selection of the upper and lower side bands, as well as the middle band. This system is built in such a way that you can include either all bands together, or include any of them separately. In addition, the device is supplemented with a synchronous reception system that carries out the phase-locked loop (PLL) of a special third local oscillator (controlled oscillator 19) operating at the second intermediate frequency, under the value of the carrier frequency of the received signal, that is, in the proposed device, the carrier frequency is restored according to its even insignificant the remainder. This allows reception, including when the middle frequency band is off (with the S4 switch off). This functional expansion was achieved by supplementing the device with three separate filters of the main selection 11, 12, 13 separately switched by means of switches S2, S3, S4, the signals from the outputs of which are combined on the adder 14, as well as by supplementing it with a controlled generator 19, a third filter 20 and switch S6 necessary for synchronous reception.

- the second side of the technical essence of the proposed device is the implementation of the principle of a software-defined radio path, implemented by converting the received analog radio signal into the form of a digital complex signal, transferring this signal to an external computer via a bidirectional interface for further digital processing. The result of such software processing is the display of the spectrum of the received and transmitted signals on the screen of the connected external computer, as well as the implementation of an additional tunable receive channel, with the output of an audio signal to the operator through the sound card of the external computer used for auditory reception and self-monitoring of the transmitter. This functional expansion was achieved by adding a converter 1 and a PC interface unit 2, which has a bi-directional interface towards an external computer.

These improvements significantly expand the traditional concept of working with HF transceivers.

The device has two main modes of operation: receive mode and transmit mode. The modes are switched by means of the switch S1.1… S1.5. In addition, the reception mode provides two additional modes: the single-sideband telephony and telegraphy mode "SSB, TLG" and the mode of receiving signals with amplitude modulation "AM".

In the receiving mode (R), (in the lower position of the middle contact of the switch S1.1 according to the diagram of Fig. 1), in the "SSB, TLG" mode, the signal from the antenna is fed to the first input of the tunable preselector 5. The preselector preselects the received signal in the third octave frequency band, as well as blocking the receive channel at the first intermediate frequency and the mirror channel of the first transform. The restructuring of the preselector is carried out discretely, under the control of a digital code supplied from the controller 15 through a special line to the control input 2 of the preselector. The controller 15 has a control knob and a keyboard with which the tuning frequency is set. The frequency is displayed on the digital indicator 16 and is supplied with a digital code, both to the master oscillator, from output 1, to tune its synthesizer of the first local oscillator to the frequency corresponding to the operating frequency, and to the preselector 5 (to input 2), from output 2, for its tuning to the operating frequency of the transceiver. From the output of the preselector, the signal goes to the first input of the first mixer 6, to the third input of which the signal of the first local oscillator is supplied from the master oscillator 9. This mixer transposes the band of the received signal to the first intermediate frequency, the value of which is selected above the band of the received signal (infrared reception) due to which the narrowing of the relative tuning band of the first local oscillator is provided and the requirements for the preselector in terms of the selection required to attenuate the image channel are relaxed. The signal of the first intermediate frequency is isolated and amplified by means of a selective amplifier 7. The isolated and amplified signal of the first intermediate frequency is fed to the second input of the converter 1, where this signal is converted into a digital complex signal, which is fed to an external computer through the interface unit PC 2 via a bi-directional interface. Since the signal is output to an external computer at the first intermediate frequency, i.e. its frequency changes when the control knob is rotated, which is part of the controller 15, an image of a frequency-amplitude and frequency-time (waterfall) panorama appears on the screen of an external computer, moving when the control knob is rotated, which significantly expands the possibilities of working with the proposed transceiver.

From the output 2 of the selective amplifier 7, the received signal is fed to the input 1 of the third mixer 8, to the third input of which the signal of the second local oscillator is fed from the output 2 of the master oscillator 9, as a result of which the signal of the first (high) intermediate frequency is converted into a signal of the second (low) intermediate frequency , which is taken from the output 2 of the mixer 8. This signal is fed to the input of the switched system of filters of the main selection 11, 12, 13, the signals from the outputs of which are combined at the adder 14. From the output of the adder, the signal is fed to the input of the second amplifier 17, which performs the main amplification at the second intermediate frequency. From the output of the amplifier 17, the amplified signal of the second intermediate frequency is fed to the input of the second mixer 18. The signal from the output 3 of the master oscillator is supplied to the input 3 of this mixer in the considered mode. In the mixer 18, the carrier frequency is restored when receiving signals with one sideband, and also in this mixer a signal of the low-frequency beat tone is generated when receiving telegraph signals. From the output 1 of the second mixer, the low-frequency signal is fed to the low-pass filter 21, which separates the useful signal and limits the noise band. From the output of this filter, the signal is fed to the input of the low-frequency amplifier 22, and from its output, as in the prototype device, to the headphones.

In the mode of receiving AM signals "AM", a signal is fed to the input 3 of the mixer 18, not from the master oscillator 9, but from the controlled oscillator 19, the frequency of which is adjusted to the carrier frequency of the received AM signal by means of a special control signal generated in the mixer 18 and output to its output 2. This control signal passes through the filter 20 of the PLL loop, which is necessary to ensure the operability and stability of the PLL system used in the synchronous detector. Now the carrier frequency of the AM signal adjusts the generator 19, and the frequency of the output signal of this generator exactly matches the carrier frequency, which excludes the appearance at the output of the synchronous detection system of low-frequency beats and provides synchronous detection of the received signal in the mixer 18.

The transmission mode uses reverse signal conversion. The generator 10 generates either an AM signal with a suppressed carrier, or a CW signal at a second intermediate frequency. These modes are switched by an internal switch included in the driver 10 (this switch is not shown in the diagram of Fig. 1). The signal from the output of the shaper 10 through the contact of the switch S1.4, closed in the upper position according to the scheme, is fed to the input of the main selection filter system. Depending on the class of radiation selected by the operator, one of three passbands is switched on, corresponding to the selected type of operation of the transceiver. From the output of the filter system, the transmission signal formed at the second intermediate frequency, with suppressed sideband or telegraph, enters the input 2 of the third mixer and then passes through the reversible conversion path, built in such a way that mixers 8, 6, amplifier 7 and tunable preselector 5 pass through signal in both directions. This allows you to optimize the number of filters and amplifiers in this path. From contact 1 of the switch S1.3 the selected transmission signal is fed to the input of the power amplifier 3 and is fed to the antenna through the output transmission filter.

In addition, the transmission signal enters the input 2 of the converter 1 and is fed to the computer for monitoring its spectrum and for self-monitoring by the operator.

Thus, the principle of operation of the proposed transceiver in all modes of its operation is described.

The main advantages of the proposed transceiver are as follows.

1. The proposed device provides all-wave operation at any frequency from 1.5 MHz to 30 MHz in the telegraph mode, in the mode with one sideband, for reception and transmission, as well as for reception in the amplitude modulation mode.

2. The proposed utility model provides increased noise immunity of reception due to the fact that it allows simultaneous reception of AM stations and provides the possibility of separate reception of the upper or lower side bands of the AM signal to the least extent affected by interference;

3. The proposed device has expanded functionality and provides the possibility of computer panoramic control of the environment on the air, as well as visual control of the frequency spectrum of transmitted and received signals, self-eavesdropping and an additional tunable digital reception channel.

4. The proposed utility model uses an optimized number of filters, amplifiers and frequency converters in the transmission and reception paths;

5. The proposed device provides a digital display of the tuning frequency on the built-in indicator, thereby ensuring the convenience (simplicity) of tuning the radio station to the operating frequency.

Implementation of the nodes of the universal short-wave transceiver.

The transceiver was implemented at JSC "TsNPO" Leninets "using elements of domestic and foreign production:

- Converter 1 is implemented on R-820T microcircuits manufactured by Rafael Micro and RTL8232 manufactured by Realtek;

- PC interface block 2 - for communication with an external PC IBM T-43 is implemented on a microcircuit with a USB RTL 8232 interface manufactured by Realtec;

- the first amplifier 3 - on imported transistors 2SC3357, 2SC1971, IRF530;

- transmission filter 4 - based on p-shaped LC-filters of the 5th order made on domestic elements;

- tunable preselector 5 - based on double-circuit tunable resonant LC systems, bistable polarized relays of imported production;

- the first mixer 6 - based on the VAY-1 + module manufactured by Mini-Circuits (USA);

- selective amplifier 7 - based on domestic microwave transistors of the KT938B2 type, using monolithic quartz filters manufactured by Golledge (Great Britain), series 45.0 Monolithic Cristal Filters GMCF-45, 45G7B1 45.000 ± 3.5, no. 2 pcs. connected in cascade, used in both amplifier stages;

- the third mixer 8 - on an imported ADG-774BRQZ microcircuit manufactured by Analog Devise (USA);

- master oscillator 9 - on microcircuits such as AD9951, AD9834 manufactured by Analog Devise (USA);

- shaper 10 - on the domestic microcircuit K174UR1;

- filter of the upper sideband of frequencies 11 - a bridge quartz filter on domestic quartz resonators of the AT cut, at a frequency of 128 kHz;

- filter of the middle frequency band 12 - a bridge quartz filter on domestic quartz resonators AT-cut, at a frequency of 128 kHz;

- filter of the upper sideband of frequencies 13 - bridge quartz filter on domestic quartz resonators of the AT cut at a frequency of 128 kHz;

- adder 14 - on domestic resistors;

- controller 15 - based on the ATMEGA644PA microcircuit manufactured by Atmel (USA);

- indicator 16 - a ready-made import indicator WH1602D was used;

- the second amplifier 17 is based on an imported LA1135 microcircuit manufactured by Sunny (Japan);

- second mixer 18 - on imported CD4016B microcircuit;

- controlled generator 19 - on imported microcircuit LA1135;

- the third filter 20 - on resistors and capacitors of domestic production;

- low-frequency filter 21 - on a domestically produced microcircuit K574UD2;

- low-frequency amplifier 22 - on a foreign-made chip TDA 2003.

Claims (1)

A universal short-wave transceiver comprising a first amplifier, a transmission filter, a tunable preselector, a first mixer, a selective amplifier, a master oscillator, a second mixer, a low-pass filter, a low-frequency amplifier, a switch S1.1, and the bidirectional interface of the Antenna transceiver is connected to the third contact of the switch S1.1, the output of the first amplifier is connected to the input of the transfer filter, and the output of the transfer filter is connected to the first contact of the switch S1.1, the second output of the first mixer is fed to the first input of the selective amplifier, the first output of the second mixer is connected to the input of the low-pass filter, and the filter output is fed to the input of the low-frequency amplifier, the output of which goes to the output of the "Headphones" transceiver, the first output of the master oscillator is connected to the third input of the first mixer, characterized in that the universal short-wave transceiver contains a converter, a PC interface unit, a third mixer b, driver, controller, indicator, switches S2, S3, S4, filters of the upper sideband, lower sideband, middle band, adder, second amplifier, switch S5, controlled oscillator, third filter, switch S1.1 is supplemented with contact groups S1. 2 ... S1.5, the first mixer, a selective amplifier, the third mixer are made bidirectional (reversible), and the first input of the tunable preselector is connected to the third contact of the switch S1.2, the second contact of which is connected to the second contact of the switch S1.1, and the first contact switch S1.2 is connected to the first output of the first mixer, the first input of which is connected to the second contact of the switch S1.3, the first input of the converter is connected to the first contact of the switch S1.1 and the output of the transfer filter, the input of the first amplifier is connected to the first contact of the switch S1.3 , the second output of the first mixer is connected to the second input of the converter, the bidirectional interface of the converter is connected to by a PC interface unit having a bi-directional interface towards an external PC, the second output of the selective amplifier is fed to the first input of the third mixer, and the first output of this mixer is connected to the second input of the selective amplifier, and the first output of this amplifier is connected to the second input of the first mixer, the second output of the third the mixer is connected to the second contact of the switch S1.4, the first contact of which is connected to the output of the former and the third contact of this switch is connected to the first contacts of the switches S2, S3, S4, the second input of the third mixer is connected to the first contact of the switch S1.5, and the second contact of the switch S2 is fed to the input of the upper sideband filter, the output of which is fed to the first input of the adder, the second contact of the switch S3 is connected to the input of the middle band filter, the output of which is fed to the second input of the adder, and the second contact of the switch S4 is connected to the input of the lower sideband filter, the output which is fed to the third input of the adder, the output of the sum mator is connected to the third contact of the switch S1.5, the second contact of which is connected to the input of the second amplifier, and the output of this amplifier is fed to the input of the second mixer, the second output of this mixer is connected to the input of the third filter, the output of the third filter is fed to the input of the controlled generator, the output of which is is connected to the second contact of the switch S5, and the third output of the second mixer is connected to the third contact of the switch S5, the first contact of which is connected to the third output of the master oscillator, which is also fed to the first input of the driver, the input of the transceiver "Microphone" is connected to the second input of the driver, and the input The "Key" transceiver is connected to the third input of the driver, the second output of the master oscillator is connected to the third input of the third mixer, the output of the controlled preselector is connected to the third contact of the switch S.3, and the second input of the controlled preselector is connected to the second output of the controller.

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