MXPA98004443A - Mixed material structures that have reduced signal attenuation - Google Patents
Mixed material structures that have reduced signal attenuationInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA98004443A MXPA98004443A MXPA/A/1998/004443A MX9804443A MXPA98004443A MX PA98004443 A MXPA98004443 A MX PA98004443A MX 9804443 A MX9804443 A MX 9804443A MX PA98004443 A MXPA98004443 A MX PA98004443A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- mixed material
- tube
- end fittings
- fiber
- mixed
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 286
- 230000002829 reduced Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940009859 aluminum phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000575946 Ione Species 0.000 claims 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N TiO Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N Triamcinolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@]([C@H](O)C4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KZNMRPQBBZBTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=O Chemical compound [Au]=O KZNMRPQBBZBTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N al2o3 Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004643 cyanate ester Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003178 glass ionomer cement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001922 gold oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001929 titanium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 63
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 28
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003068 static Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 101700032382 MCM2 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 210000004470 MDP Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003071 parasitic Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036961 partial Effects 0.000 description 4
- 101700043652 EME2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 210000003739 Neck Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005296 abrasive Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011509 cement plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009114 investigational therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036314 physical performance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000817 safety factor Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001702 transmitter Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001099 Axilla Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000084 gamma-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOOZEQGBHHIHEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1C=CCC2C(=O)OC(=O)C21C SOOZEQGBHHIHEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to structures of mixed material having reduced signal attenuation properties. In particular, the invention relates to sounding column components of mixed material with electromagnetic properties and acoustic properties that allow the use of electromagnetic, acoustic and nuclear sensor equipment to obtain data from a sounding from inside the sounding pipe. In a specific modality, a tube of mixed material is incorporated with extreme accessories that allow its incorporation in a column of sounding allowing the use of equipment of the inside of the tube of material mix
Description
STRUCTURES OF MIXED MATERIAL WHICH HAVE REDUCED SIGNAL ATTENUATION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to structures of mixed material having reduced signal attenuation properties. In particular, the invention relates to components of mixed sounding columns that exhibit a degree of transparency which allows the transition of electromagnetic fields, acoustic signals and echoes and nuclear means thus allowing the use of electromagnetic, acoustic and nuclear sensor equipment to obtain data from a drilling from inside a drill pipe In a specific modality, a mixed material pipe is incorporated with end fittings that allow its incorporation into a drilling column, thus allowing the use of logging equipment from inside the tube of mixed material BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the process of digging a borehole, it is currently the practice to acquire information that relates to training through the use of methodologies known as measurement while drilling (MDP), diagraphy during drilling (DDP) Diagram during discharge (DDD) and measurement during discharge (MDD) E These methodologies use sensor technologies and devices such as spectral gamma rays, neutron emission and detections, radio frequency tools, nuclear magnetic resonance, acoustic imaging, acoustic density, acoustic calibrators, gamma ray emission and detection, density registers, registers sonic and a scale of other instrumentation to obtain detailed information that refers to the surrounding formation of a borehole. These measurement technologies require sophisticated devices or procedures to obtain high quality data about a formation, the level of sophistication is a direct result of the severity of the downhole sounding operation environment. In addition, this measuring equipment can be designed to form a component of the drilling equipment which requires greater sophistication in the integration of the measuring equipment within the drilling equipment. However, the coupling of the measuring equipment with the normal drilling equipment is limited both in the quality and type of data that can be obtained from a borehole. For example, where a tool of measurement or measurement is used within a Survey column, data type and data resolution are limited by the material properties of the drill pipe of the drill string. In normal practice, drill pipes are made of steel and consequently limit the capacity of the drill or measurement tools to acquire a wide scale of information. In particular, electromagnetic and acoustic sensing devices can not be operated from inside a metal drill pipe in view of the inability of an electromagnetic or acoustic sensing device to operate through a metal drill pipe. Secondly, the use of sensing devices that operate through a metal pipeline can result in severe attenuation of any data signal thus limiting accuracy to obtain a training data record. Once the well has been fully excavated, operators with Frequently, they continue to acquire wellbore formation data during the life of their elasticity. In order to maintain stability in the borehole, it is often necessary that the borehole be aligned with a housing, usually a metallic housing cemented in Your place Again, the use of metal can prevent or severely attenuate the sensor equipment consequently, there is a need for tubing to be used in both the drilling and housing phases of a borehole which does not prevent or severely attenuate the use of sensing equipment within the borehole Therefore there is a need of pipe that allows the use of a full scale of MDP technologies, DDP, DDD and MDD The drilling / borehole environment is a high-stress, extremely abrasive environment that requires very high performance and quality standards in drilling equipment. This is normal and so performance characteristics for drilling equipment are exhibited in part by the American Petroleum Institute (API specification 7 for Rotary Drill Stem Elements) and numerous specifications for drill pipe and housings (API Specification 5 for housings) for use in boreholes. Therefore, there has been a need for tubing that meets the API specifications for column-by-probe components that also provide the necessary conductivity at the operating frequencies of the sensor equipment used in MDD DDP DDD and MDD Specifically, there is a need for mixed-conductive radiofrequency conductive tubing and acoustic signals that also result in an attenuation reduction of slings / natural degradation particles (gamma rays, beta particles, etc.) passing through the pipeline However, it is not practical for a mixed material pipe to replace a steel drill string. Consequently the use of the MDP, DDP instrumentation , DDD and MDD only require a relatively small window to obtain data from drilling wells, only a corresponding short section of the mixed material pipe is required to provide the window. Therefore, the incorporation of a relatively short section of mixed material pipeline Inside a drilling column requires metal / mixed material joints with performance characteristics equal to those of the mixed material and metallic sections of the sounding column which thus allows the mixed material pipe to be connected to metal components of the column drilling in a conventional way A drill collar of mixed material that also It acts as a rotating torque absorber reducing the risk of kinks as a result of the accumulation of rotating torque in the drill string. As indicated above, the downhole drilling environment is severe in terms of abrasion, pressure and temperature In that a tube of mixed material does not have the abrasion resistance qualities of steel, there has been a need for a tube of mixed material with an outer surface material that reduces abrasive wear to a drilling aid or accommodation caused by contact with the borehole Conductive fibers such as carbon provide electromagnetic protection and are often used to improve the protection capabilities of insulating plastics. For example, the addition of carbon fiber to nylon increases the attenuation of signals. , it has been known that the choice of carbon fiber as a mater For a means of reinforcement is detrimental to the objective of EM transparency, there has been a need for a mixed material tube design where the design facilitates the use of carbon fiber while providing acceptable EM transparency. Consequently, there has been a need for a mixed material tube design where the microstructure of the mixed material provides physical strength and acceptable EM transparency to allow the use of sensor equipment from inside the tube. In addition, there has been a need for a material drilling aid. mixed with a mixed material structure that increases the stiffness of auxiliary drilling while also improving the abrasion resistance and electromagnetic transparency of the drilling aid Consequently, there has been a need for binder compositions which are based on cement and which allow for the elimination or partial removal of carbon fiber from the est Mixed material structure through improved stiffness of mixed material drilling aid A prior art investigation has revealed that the above problems have not been taken into account For example, US Patent 5,097,870, US Patent 5,332 049 US Patent 5,398,975 and PCT Publication WO 91/14123 teach mixed material tube structures US Patent 5250,806, US Patent 5,339,036 and US Patent 5,128,902 teach Various Apparatus and Methods for Collecting Borehole Data Canadian Patent Application 2 044 623 describes a method for reducing noise in borehole signals In addition, U.S. Patent 4,968,545 describes a structure of mixed material using a construction Preimpregnated US Patent 5212,495 describes a cover of mixed material to protect an antenna from a training evaluation tool, US Patent 5,131,624 describes a method and apparatus for isolating electrical devices in a diagnostic probe US Patent 5,138,313 discloses an electrically insulating space subassembly for tubular articles, US Patent 4,592.4 21 describes suction rods that include a plurality of unidirectional reinforced mixed fiber fiber rods and US Patent 4,504,786 describes a gamma-ray spectrum tool for the use of boreholes. COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION According to the invention, it is provided a body of mixed material having signal attenuation properties for a physical design and performance point, the mixed body comprising a plurality of fiber layers impregnated with a binder, wherein each fiber layer is selected from fibrous materials that they have different mechanical properties and signal attenuation and wherein each fibrous layer is oriented with respect to a reference axis according to the mechanical properties of signal attenuation and of desired phase changes of the design point. Preferably, the fibrous layers include any or a combination of glass fibers aramid fibers and fi carbon fibers where the carbon fiber is oriented at + 10 ° with respect to a reference axis to minimize signal attenuation and the binder is an epoxy resin. In another embodiment, the binder is cement selected from any one of a combination of cement by plan, cement of portland-alumino-cement plaster cement of plaster, cement of aluminum-phosphate, cement of portland-sulfoaluminato, calcium silicate cement-monofulfoaluminato, cement of glass lonomer or other inorganic cement In a modality Preferred, the invention provides a tube of mixed material for use in a drill string, the tube of mixed material comprising a plurality of layers of fiber impregnated with a ppYner type resin and a second type wherein the layers of the first type are intercepted by the layers of the second type, the tube of mixed material adapted to receive a diagnostic tool Preferably, the type of the first layer it is wound at + 10 ° C with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the type of the first layer comprising 0-50% of high modulus carbon fiber, of 0-50% of aramid fiber and of 16-50% of high strength fiberglass and the second type of layer is wound at 90 ° C with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the second type comprising glass fiber with high 100% strength In another form, the first type of layer it constitutes 90% of the total wall thickness of the tube and the second type of layer is intercepted in the same way through the wall of the tube in discrete radial positions 1-9 A specific form, the invention provides a tube of mixed material where The first type of layer is wound at + 10 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the first type of layer comprising 25% high modulus carbon fiber, 25% aramid fiber and 50% high glass fiber resistance. In yet another form, the mixed material tube has a signal attenuation response and at least 70% at 20 KHz and a microstructure with a fiber volume fraction of approximately 60% When used on a sounding column, the tube is preferably 2.1-9.3 meters long and meets the performance requirements detailed in Table 1 including the stress load, compression load, torsional load, internal pressure, limiting duration, lateral stiffness, impact resistance , tensile strength and elastic resistance that meets or exceeds the standards of Specification 7 of the American Petroleum Institute. In another form, the mixed material tube further comprises an abrasion-resistant coating on the other surface of the tube and / or the layers of fibers impregnated with resin include a ceramic powder mixed with the resin. In another preferred form, the mixed material tube further comprises end fittings integrally attached to the tube of mixed material by additional fiber layers and / or cement. Preferably, the end fittings include a tube seat for seating the end fitting within the tube of material. mixed basic; at least one compression bearing surface for supporting a compression load between the end fittings and the basic mixed material pipe, at least one torsional transfer surface for transferring torsional load between the end fittings and the mixed material pipe; a basic bending tension transfer surface supporting a bending stress load between the end fittings and the basic mixed material pipe, and at least one axial tension surface to support an axial stress load between the end fittings and the tube of mixed basic material. In a preferred manner, the torsional transfer surface comprises eight surfaces that are parallel or tapered with respect to the longitudinal axis of the end fittings. Preferably, the end fittings are attached to the tube of basic mixed material by additional winding of the impregnated fiber with binder. and wherein the additional winding is high modulus carbon fiber wound at 90 °. In a further form, the end fittings further comprise stabilizers which may include rutile or zirconium focusing sources for use with microimpulse imaging radar. another way, the joint of mixed material / end fitting tube is pre-tensioned or pre-loaded to reduce the susceptibility to fatigue damage. In a specific form, the invention provides a drill column member having a middle section of the mixed material tube with integrated end fittings, the middle section of the mixed material tube having a signal transparency comprising: a tube of mixed basic material , the tube of basic mixed material including a plurality of fiber layers impregnated with binder of a first and second type wherein the layers of first type are interspersed by layers of the second type and the first layers are wound + .10 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the first type of layer comprising 40% high modulus carbon fiber, 44% aramid fiber and 16% high strength glass fiber and a first layer constitutes 90% of the total thickness of the wall of the tube and wherein the second type of layer is wound at 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the second type comprising 100% high strength glass fiber in equally spaced through the wall of the tube in a plurality of discrete radial positions; the end fittings, include: a tube seat to seat the end fitting inside the tube of basic mixed material;
at least one compression bearing surface for supporting a compression load between the end fittings and the basic mixed material tube; at least one torsional transfer surface for transferring the torsional load between the end fittings and the basic tube of mixed material; a flexural stress transfer surface to support a bending stress load between the end fittings and the mixed material base pipe; at least one axial tension surface to support an axial tension load between the end fittings and the basic mixed material pipe. In another embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for forming a tube of mixed material with end fittings comprising the steps of: a) winding a basic inner tube of a fiber saturated with binder in a steel mandrel; b) curing the binder to form a cured tube; c) remove the mandrel from the cured tube; d) cut the cured tube to the length to form a basic tube; e) insert an alignment mandrel with the basic tube and seat the end fittings inside the basic tube on the alignment mandrel;
f) wind an outer layer of saturated fiber with binder on the basic tube and end fittings to form the tube of mixed material with end fittings. In another embodiment, a coating of adhesive is added to the outer surface of the mixed material tube to increase the wear resistance. Additional embodiments of the invention provide for previously tensioning the joint of mixed material / end fitting by methods such as compression of the cured pipe and end fittings during wrapping and curing of the outer fiber layers ensuring that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material pipe mixed is less than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the end fittings where during the wrapping and curing of the outer fiber layers, a compression force is induced on the end fitting, adapting the end fittings to receive a bolt nut to impart a compression force on the joint of mixed material / end fitting or provide end fittings that include an internal or external end fitting to impart a compression force to the joint of the mixed material / end fitting BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other aspects of the invention will be more evident from the following description in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a graph of phase change versus frequency for a number of basic mixed material tube samples on a logarithmic scale x, linear and, Figure 2 is a graph of attenuation of signals against frequency for a number of samples of tubes of basic mixed materials on a logarithmic scale x, linear y; Figure 3 is an approximate view of the graph of the results of Figure 2 normalized to a working thickness of 6 35 cm showing signal attenuation against frequency for samples of basic mixed material tubes on a linear scale x-
Figure 4 is a graph of the results of Figure 1 normalized to 6.35 cm of the working thickness showing phase change versus frequency for samples of tubes of basic mixed material on a linear x, logarithmic scale and, Figure 5 is a drawing as a whole of a tube of mixed material and end fittings according to the invention, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional drawing of an end fitting according to the invention, Figure 6A is a cross-sectional drawing of an end fitting of Figure 6A-6A, Figure 6B is a cross-sectional drawing of an end fitting of Figure 6B-6B, Figure 6C is a cross-sectional drawing of an end fitting of Figure 6 showing preferred dimensions of a tool nominal of 17.4-17.78 cm, Figure 7 is a drawing of a tube of mixed material and assembled with end fittings according to an embodiment of the invention showing a tool of diagraf within the body of the whole. Figure 8 is a torque-free body diagram of the design of the torque transfer surfaces; Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a mixed material / end fitting tube assembly in which the end fittings include an internal and external end fitting, Figure 9A is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a mixed material / end fitting tube assembly in which the end fittings include an internal and external end fitting; Figure 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of a mixed material / end accessory tube assembly in which the end fittings include a lock nut; Fig. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a mixed material / end fitting tube assembly in which the end fittings include an internal and external end fitting, Fig. 12 is a comparison of a gamma ray record of a well of sounding by comparing an online record of conventional key with a diagrame while downloading the record DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It has been discovered that the electromagnetic attenuation properties of a mixed material body is affected by the orientation of the fiber layers constituting the body, thus allowing the design and construction of bodies of mixed material that previously have not been suitable for particular applications As indicated above, it is known that the use of high modulus carbon fiber in a body of mixed material affects the properties of Electromagnetic attenuation of the body of mixed material It is also known that materials such as fib Aramid glass and fiber do not significantly affect these properties For particular applications, high modulus carbon fiber has superior strength and performance characteristics over glass fiber and aramid and is therefore suitable for certain applications. the past, where it is convenient to provide a body of mixed material that has electromagnetic transparency properties, the use of carbon fiber is minimized However, the design of a body of mixed material with strength and / or performance properties Particular physical dimensions require that the mixed material body meets or exceeds the design conditions while remaining within size constraints. Consequently, with the introduction of additional parameters such as minimum electromagnetic signal attenuation, it has previously been considered that the use of a known attenuation material such as carbon fiber is minimized or eliminated in order to meet this electromagnetic attenuation design requirement However, in certain applications, in view of the physical size requirements of the mixed material body and / or the requirements of strength / physical performance, the use of carbon fiber can not be eliminated while still meeting the strength / physical performance requirements. To overcome this problem, the present application has recognized that the orientation of carbon fiber within the body of mixed material it relates to the electromagnetic attenuation properties of the composite material body, thus making it possible to design a composite material body with the required high strength / physical size limitations while also achieving the desired electromagnetic attenuation properties. In particular, the present invention has recognized that the orientation of carbon fiber dent A body of mixed material and, in particular, a tube of mixed material allows electromagnetic sensors to be placed using sensing equipment within the tube of mixed material which provides an acceptable data acquisition signal Essentially, dispersing the carbon fiber with fiberglass together with a low packing angle, a highly conducting conductive fiber ring is avoided. In a specific application, this invention has developed a mixed material / metal pipe for use in a borehole column for well drilling operations descending With this mixed material / metal perforation pipe design, a segmented design with end fittings on each side of the mixed media section is provided. The end fittings allow the integration of the mixed material / metal drill pipe to a column of existing steel drilling while the middle section _ <; »Of mixed material allows the placement and use of daytime equipment during the unloading, logging during drilling, measurement during unloading and measurement during drilling within this section. In order to allow the use of logging equipment or measurement, the middle section of mixed material has an acceptable electromagnetic transparency in the scale of 0 kHz-200 kHz. Consequently, the design of a mixed material with integral end fittings for use in a sounding column while having specific electromagnetic properties, requires that the tube section of mixed material has characteristics of physical strength performance and size of existing steel drill pipes (as for API specifications, where applicable) as well as the electromagnetic properties required. Also, the tube of mixed material with accessories integral ends should provide a joint of mixed material / metal that provides ee optimal performance characteristics, mainly a satisfactory durability in high voltage drilling environment The mixed material / metal tube has the following components: 1 the basic mixed material tube, 2 the extreme accessories, and 3 the connection between the material tube mixed basic and end fittings As indicated, in addition to the physical strength characteristics of the mixed material tube, electromagnetic transparency properties are also required to allow the logging equipment to effectively record the characteristics of the downhole. Reduced signal attenuation provides acquisition Higher data data Mainly, electromagnetic transparency on a 10 kHz scale is required, however, reduced attenuation on the 0-200 kHz scale is also useful. The diaphragm equipment can include electrode devices and / or induction devices to obtain information from the training n Electrode devices require direct contact with drilling well mud or moderately conductive to inject currents into a formation when measurements are carried out in air-filled or oil-based probe wells of lower conductivity. in conventional electrodes As this measurement method is limited to direct contact with a well-drilling mud, measurements are not possible through a drilling auxiliary all made of highly conductive steel or a drilling aid of mixed material. Induction device on the other hand measures the conductivity of formation through the use of secondary parasitic currents in the formation This measurement is superior in air-filled or oil-based boreholes of lower conductivity and can also tolerate moderately conductive mud environments found more normally The induction logging has pr obado to be very versatile and currently forms the main means to assess the resistivity of formation As is the case of electrode devices, measurements are not possible through an auxiliary steel drilling per are possible through an auxiliary material mixed moderately conductive In the basic induction device, a current of constant amplitude and frequency alteration is fed to the transmitting bovine The resulting magnetic field around the transmitting bovine induces eddy current flow in the formation Assuming a cylindrical symmetry parasitic currents will flow in coaxial paths with the borehole The parasitic currents induce an alternating voltage in the sensing bovine that is completely 180 ° out of phase with the transmitting current The magnitude of the parasitic currents are proportional to the conductivity of the formation The component resistive of the detector signal, f orma the basis of the induction measurement A direct coupling signal 90 ° out of phase is also received by the detecting bovine but is electronically filtered Current induction devices designed to measure the resistivity (in ohm m) of a formation, normally operate at a frequency of 20 kHz The resistivity of formation has traditionally been documented printed copy during a printing scale of four decades, from 02 to 2000 ohm m In addition, the use of mixed material also allows the use of transmitting and receiving devices acoustics for taking drilling hole diameter measurements This includes, but is not limited to, the implementation of acoustic transmitter and receiver devices used to measure acoustic pulse path time through the formation immediately adjacent to the sounding well. trajectory time,? t, and the specific acoustic time of vain with the composition of minerals, porosity and the fluid present in the formation (m situ) Consequently, additional data such as rock or mechanical properties can also be obtained Fractures Imaging using acoustic reflection data It is also possible The propagation of acoustic waves through mixed materials and compensation for the acoustic properties of mixed material can be carried out by producing the above while propagation through steel pipes is highly problematic. In addition, the low density of the material mixed allows the improved transition of gamma / neutron / beta materials through the body of the auxiliary allowing thus more accurate detection of them with receivers located inside the auxiliary Basic Mixed Tube Design The basic design of the mixed tube requires low humidity absorption , heat resistance and corrosion resistance The tube of mixed material should also show the mechanical performance of all existing steel design as shown in Table 1 The following calculations refer to a nominal neck size of 174-17 78 cm It is understood that similar calculations can be applied in the design of tools of different dimensions Table 1 - Required Performance Characteristics (only 17.4 cm diameter tool) maximum tension load 90,000 static kg 360,000 kg impact maximum compression load 22,500 kg static 135,000 kg impact maximum torque load 6,900 kgm maximum internal pressure 7030 kg / cm2 duration limit 5272.50 kg / cm2 minimum lateral stiffness 70% steel drill collar minimum impact resistance 552 kgm Charpy slot at temp temp Amb resistance to minimum tension 8436 kg / cm2 minimum elastic resistance 7733 kg / cm2 dimensions physical OD maximum 18415 cm Minimum ID 6 35 cm maximum overall length 9 3 m maximum operating temperature 2822 ° C
Basic Construction Pipe A basic mixed material pipe was prepared by a computer controlled filament winding process. This process adds successive layers of a fiber impregnated with a binder on a steel mandrel to build the basic pipe. The winding speed, Reel and spool fiber location are controlled to allow fiber, fiber orientation and thickness to be controlled to accumulate successive layers of fiber according to the characteristics of the desired end product. Generally, fiber and fiber orientation they are selected according to the physical and electromagnetic properties of the design. Preferably the binders are of organic or inorganic composition. In the specific design of a tube of mixed material to be used in the sounding column, there are two main types of fiber layers in the pipe. of basic material, the first type being a low angle wrapper ( for example, + 10 ° off the longitudinal axis of the tube) and the second type being wrapped circumferentially around the tube (90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the tube) Each layer is wrapped with half the fiber aligned at its positive winding angle and the other half at the negative winding angle The first layer comprises a number of different fibers within that layer such as carbon fiber, aramid fiber or glass fiber For a given design having an electromagnetic transparency, the amount of carbon fiber while still allowing a given physical resistance The second type of layer may also comprise a number of different fibers within the layer However, if the design requires electromagnetic transparency, carbon fiber should not be included in this layer. layer Preferably, the second type of layer is equally intercalated through the tube wall of mixed material in a number of radial positions discrete in order to improve the strength of the mixed laminar material The binder can be a cement-based composition or a normal epoxy resin Cement-Based Binder In the situation of a cement-based composition the use of a cement-based composition eliminates the need High-modulus carbon fiber for a significant portion of the drilling aid allowing the replacement of the carbon fiber with high-modulus aramid fiber The cement can be selected in any way from a selection of a portland cement, portland cement aluminum-plaster, cement plaster, aluminum-phosphate cement, portland-sulfoalummate cement, calcium silicate-monosulfoaluminate cements, glass-walled cements or other inorganic cements The techniques for the incorporation of a cement-based composition include covering glass fibers with an aqueous slurry of a cement composition as It is wound around the steel mandrel and then cured with air. Alternatively, the cement composition is added to the glass fibers during the winding by placing a negative electrostatic charge on the fibers and passing them through the cement composition that has been loaded to cause them to adhere to the fibers In this situation, the cement composition is preferably fluidized and passes through a polarization grid to provide the cement with a positive electrostatic charge using known fluidizing techniques. A voltage differential of approximately 20 kilovolts It is also possible to add additional cement after the winding by adding water or steam during the heat treatment in an autoclave. The cement-based binder is used to build a tube of mixed material where it is convenient to impart a high degree of rigidity to the auxiliary of drilling that can allow reduction or removal of carbon fiber inside the tube. As indicated, the reduction of the carbon fiber from inside the tube will improve the transparency for electromagnetic signal and / or field propagation in a frequency scale. furtherA cement binder can also be used to improve the abrasion resistance of the drilling aid as well as to decrease the density of the tube which is advantageous for the particle based sensor equipment. Resin-Based Binder A normal epoxy resin can be used as a binder The evaluation of a specially formulated resin exhibiting low electrical attenuation properties was evaluated in a test specimen at secondary scales and was not found to offer significant benefits for decreasing electrical attenuation over the normal epoxy resin binder The specific resin used for these tests was bisphenol F resin with an MTHPA curing agent. The thickness of the layer is usually 0 025 and 0 1 cm. For the specific bore column tube, the Thickness of the layers of the first type is 0.096 cm and 0088 cm for the layers of the second type. The cure is carried out as soon as the filament winding is completed in a convection oven. The curing program follows the procedure recommended by the resin manufacturers. A typical cure consists in keeping the oven at a temperature of 1622 ° C for 4 hours. hours, the winding of the temperature at 2022 ° C for 4 hours, the winding of the temperature to 2822 ° C for 6 hours, turning off the oven and allowing the part to cool slowly to room temperature in the oven After curing, the mandrel is removed and the inner tube is cut length The design of the base line for the mixed material tube used carbon fiber Grafil HR40 (Courtaulds Advanced Materials Sacramento, CA) DuPont Kevlar ™ and Owens-Corning E and glass S2 The tube was manufactured with a number of laminar layers with fiber orientation angles and thicknesses as shown in Table 2 La Taba 3 shows the mechanical properties of the fibers of the line of the base The resin system used for the design of the base line was Shell resin DPL 862 Other fibers that can be used include 3M Nextel ™ ceramic fiber Other resins can be used such as Bryte Technologies Ine EX-1545 RTM System
Table 2 Tube of Mixed Material of the Base Line Material Angle% of thickness
Carbon Fiber HR40 10 ° 36 Kevlar 149 10 ° 40 Glass S-2 10 ° 14 Glass S-2 90 ° 10
Table 3- Properties of Fibers Type Manufacturer Voltage module mcm2, Resistance to tension, kcm
Carbon HR40 Grafil, Ine 553 700 Kevlar149 DuPont 260 500 Glass S-2 Owens-Corning 125 530
Lateral Rigidity The "stiffness" work of a composite material neck is achieved by the use of a plurality of fibers that can be selected but not limited to carbon fiber, aramid fiber and glass fibers. The orientation of these fibers and relatively used quantities of each and the selection of organic and / or organic compositions used as binders control the rigidity The practices of normal oil fields, ask for perforation necks, auxiliaries, engines, etc, to have a stiffness equivalent to 70 -80% of a solid steel rod of the same diameter For example, a drill collar with a diameter of 174 cm should be as rigid as 70-80% as a solid rod of the same steel with a diameter of 174 cm. This requirement of Stiffness is necessary to allow the driller to control the drilling direction. This is achieved if the driller can have compression loading on the drill. Compression load is controlled by reducing the tension maintained on the drill string using the drilling rig of the cabling system and the drill rig to partially raise the drilling column from the well along with the use of drilling fluid to float the drilling column. Thus, by controlling the compression load on the lower sections of the sounding column, the driller can control the direction in which it is drilled by making sure that the lower section has an "equivalence" through its component with respect to Stiffness In applications where a high degree of stiffness is required, higher amounts of carbon fiber and / or inorganic binders are needed in order to stiffen the auxiliary In the situation where less stiffness is required such as horizontal drilling, be possible to remove the carbon fiber Therefore, while the lateral stiffness is not specific is required by API 7 or RP7G specification 7 and as indicated above, industry standards may require a minimum lateral stiffness of
65-70% of a similar steel section in order to maintain the directional control of the drill string Therefore, in addition to the requirements set out in table 1, the mixed material pipe was designed with lateral rigidity 70-80% of a similar steel section with the required internal and external diameters of the tube, namely 5.71 cm, minimum and 18.4 cm, maximum, respectively, consequently, with a lateral stiffness of a steel section of 80.24 g / cm2 with a module of 187.05 mcm2 (steel axilla module), the minimum rigidity of the mixed material tube is 56.17 g / cm2. With an external diameter of 168.63 cm and an internal diameter of 6.35 cm, the minimum armpit module must be at least 97.39 mcm2. A tube design of the base line was designed with an axial module of 114.8 mcm2. Stress and Fatigue Analysis of the Basic Mixed Material Tube The basic material tube was analyzed for tension and fatigue under a combined load condition of 360,000 kg axial tension condition. and a torsion load of 24,000 kg./m. The design of sheet material in a sectional form from the end of the arrow was analyzed using classical lamination theory. A description of this analysis is found in Robert M. Jones Mechanics of Composite Materials (published by McGraw-Hill Book, 1975) and was used to determine the stress and fatigue state of the layer under external load conditions. The analysis provides a point tension analysis of a material laminate under flat loads. The constitutive relationship of the sheet material is formulated and used to determine medium plane stresses and curvatures that arise due to the charges in the plane. The tensions in the mid-plane curvatures are used to determine the tensions of the layer and therefore the stresses in each layer of the sheet material. The loads used in the program are entered as operating loads. The axial and torsional operating loads for the body of mixed materials are calculated immediately. Only the mixed material within the area of internal diameter of 13.33 cm to an external diameter of 18.41 cm was used in the following analysis the following material of 13.33 cm in diameter was considered to provide only capacity to carry compression load. Axial Operation Load, Nx s = load / area N "= st = load * thickness / area at tension load of 360,000 kg. Nx = 360,000 / 48.76 = 728893.97 kg./m Torque Operation Load, Nxy s = Tr / JT = Torque r = Average radius J = Polar moment of inertia t = Wall thickness at 74,000 kg./m Nxy = 74,000kg / m (12) / (2p (6.25 / 2) 2) = 13464.30 The properties of the material in an arrow section away from the accessories, metal ends are presented in Table 4, the design allows it to be Presented in Table 5. The stresses and stresses of the combined axial and torsional load are shown in Table 6. Note that all margins are positive under these loads. Table 4 - Material Properties of the Mixed Material Body
Axial module 1 14.81 eme2 Tangential module 1 1.67 eme2 Shear modulus 7.03 eme2 Poisson's ratio AH 0.47 Poisson's ratio HA 0.048 Table 5 - Permitted Design of Mixed Material
TABLE 6 - Summary of Tensions
The mixed material tube of the next column formation column was examined using Eulers formula for bolt-terminated columns.
Critical deformation load Pcr Pcr = p2EI / L2 E = equal axial modulus I = equal moment of inertia L = length Assuming a mixed material body length of 596 9 cm, Pcr = p (203E9) / 2352 = 162900 kg Load maximum compression impact is 135000 kg Electromagnetic Transparency Test Tube Mixed Basic Material Tube sample A was constructed as a control to compare design variations with respect to expected attenuation and phase response Tube A also served as a reference in the manufacture of the test apparatus The sample tube A was a 100% carbon fiber composition, constructed of G raf il HR-40 fiber having a lower conductivity compared to Graf carbon fiber. 11 Also, the figure of HR-40 has inferior mechanical properties forming an inappropriate choice for a transparent EM tube. Sample tubes B and C were constructed of Grafil 55-500 fiber mechanically superior of variable percentage concentrations The carbon fiber envelope during construction was confined to the coaxial orientation (ie circumference) The sample tube D was constructed of carbon fiber Grafil 55-500 with coaxial carbon fiber enveloping reduced to the minimum allowed by the mechanical performance restriction. The sample tubes E and F are duplicates of sample tube D but with different resin properties and a reduced carbon fiber percentage concentration. The sample tube G was constructed with a percentage concentration of carbon fiber on the tubes of previous samples; E and F. The Keviar ™ fiber was replaced by the carbon fiber that was removed. A summary of the construction of these tubes and a summary of the electromagnetic test results is shown in Table 7. Table 7 - Construction of Mixed Tube Sample; Data of Attenuation and Change of Phase
Testing of Mixed Material Samples for Induction Characteristics The test apparatus consisted of two coaxial circular coils located inside (transmitter) and outside (detector) A signal generator was connected to the internal bovine at a constant amplitude, the signal variable frequency (ac) fed into the bovine Voltage and phase measurements were taken from the bovine outside with reference to the bovine interior The skin depth equation describes the relationship between the amplitude and phase of an ac signal as propagates through a conductive material The equation predicts that the amplitude will be attenuated as an exponential function as the distance and phase will be delayed (ie delayed time) as a function of distance Quantitatively the equation is expressed as d (depth) skin in meters) = 1 (p * frec * μr * μ0 * s) 1/2 where * μr * μ0 = magnetic permeability, where * μr is equal to 1 for matter mixed and s = material conductivity in mho / m Attenuation = exp ("d? st 1 '° Phase change = cos (ot + d? stanc? a / d) expressed in radians The attenuation and phase change of each sample were tested on a frequency scale of 5 to 70 kHz The test followed an interactive progression, where in each successive manufactured sample, modification of the mixed tube properties increased the electromagnetic transparency at 20 kHz. The first few interactive steps served as a mark for the properties of the mixed material tube. Table 8 shows the results of attenuation and phase change tests conducted on the tube samples. The results are based on the individual response of each tube and were not normalized to a fixed working thickness. Table 9 presents the results after normalization at a working thickness of 6.3 cm.
dn o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 1
§2 * - é _ oSo o o ** oSo8o No, o, o8oso o
. o o o o e o o
u_ «o» - ß mnsn «ß NN nt _ 88 § 8 Figures 1 and 4 are graphs of the results of attenuation and phase change for the samples of tubes of mixed material Figures 3 and 4 show the results normalized to a working thickness of 635 cm Figure 3 presents an approximation of the normalized attenuation results on a scale of linear x axis and linear axis Results There are three main parameters in the composition of tube under investigation 1 Coaxial alignment of carbon fibers 2 Concentration percentage of carbon fiber 3 Resin contribution to conductivity The results show that in the case of Sample Tubes B and C, the coaxial alignment has a major contribution to determine the response of a tube sample From the Table 9 to 20 kHz, as the attenuation values are 0 1248 and 04834 respectively for the Sample Tubes B and C In the Sample Tube D, the alignment effect Coaxial ion was reduced to a minimum and the response improved to 07064 Comparing the results of Sample Tubes B, E and F, the reduction in percentage concentration of carbon fiber improved the response from 07064 to 0 7639 in addition, the change response of phase for Tube Samples E and F indicate a dramatic change in the behavior of the phase on previous samples. This behavior can be attributed to the expected non-linear conductivity reaction with a carbon fiber percentage concentration of minimum threshold showing that the response Phase change is much simpler at this threshold than the amplitude response. In the case of amplitude response, its insensitivity to the threshold is also moderated by the permanent contribution of the light coaxial fiber alignment. The almost identical responses of the tubes of Samples E and F indicate that the choice of the resin system has a negligible contribution to the conductivity response. The Sample Tube F, with the percentage of carbon fiber reduced to 25%, showed a response of attenuation of 07651 and had no effect on phase changes Mixed Material Pipe Joints / end fittings In addition to the physical and electromagnetic properties of the mixed material pipe, the mixed material pipe can be easily integrated into an existing sounding column. Consequently, The design incorporates a union with extreme fittings for the integration of the mixed material pipe to an existing drilling column as shown in Figures 5 6 and 7 Figure 5 is a joint drawing of the mixed material pipe and extreme fittings according to with the invention showing the tube of basic mixed material 12 assembled with the end fittings 14 The outer casing 1 6 is shown connecting the basic mixed material tube 12 with the end fittings 14 Figure 6 is a cross-sectional drawing of an end fitting showing details of the fittings. Figures 6A and 6B show details of the cross sections of the end fittings on lines 6A-6A and 6B-6B respectively. Figure 6C shows the preferred dimensions of the end fittings for integration with a drill string. Figure 7 is a drawing of an alternative embodiment of the tube of mixed material / assembled end fitting. As for the design of the basic mixed material tube, the results of the critical design for the extreme accessories include body tissues and strength as well as load transfer between the body section of mixed material and extreme accessories.
According to the invention, the joint is designed to provide separate load paths for axial compression and tension loads from the auxiliary body of mixed material to the end fittings in order to avoid falling into a joined joint during the life of the fitting. extreme. The compression load is brought from the basic mixed material tube 12 directly against the bearing surfaces 20, the axial tension loads are brought against the axial tension surface 22, the torsional forces are given against the torsional transfer surfaces 24 and the bending stress forces are brought against the bending stress transfer surface 26. Flexure tension transfer surface 26 provides a section over which the flexure load is transferred from the end fitting 14 to the mixed material tube 16. This surface is required to prevent rotational bending fatigue in the end fitting 14. Rotational bending fatigue is a major cause of failure in drilling tools. The surface of the bending stress transfer has a maximum diameter of 15.24 cm to maintain the required resistance in the tube of mixed material. This diameter is made as large as possible to minimize the bending stress in the shoulder 28 It has been shown in order to avoid fatigue cracking, the minimum diameter of a reduced section of a drilling aid is such that its moment of inertia (I) is not less than 29.5% of the calculated using the OD nominal drilling aid in this case. this minimum diameter is 12.7 cm. The diameter of 10 79 cm shown is less than this minimum of 12 7cm and consequently is in section of the end fitting can not bear the full friction load. Consequently, the bending stress transfer surface 26 is tapered at 21 15 cm per meter to allow the bending load to be transferred from the end fitting 14 to the mixed material tube 16 before the diameter of 10 79 cm. The transfer surfaces Torque 24 provide a balance between the torsional capacity of the end fittings 14 and the mixed material pipe 16, maximizing the overall torsional capacity of the assembly 10 The diameter of 10 74 cm is the minimum required to meet the requirements of torsion for end fittings 14 Using this minimum diameter results in the maximum area available for the torsional transfer surface 24. Axial tension surfaces are also provided with axial surfaces 22. It is preferred that end fittings 14 be manufactured to from non-magnetic material to facilitate MDP tools. However, they must be manufactured from AISI 4145H MOD if the magnetic properties do not concern. Theory and Union Design As indicated, the metal / mixed material joint is designed to transfer torsion, axial compression, tension and bending loads. The design and analysis of the end fitting considered the following.
1. minimum thickness of metal required to carry cargo; 2. Interlocking pressure for mixed material in the tapered section of the fixture, 3 ejection load created by the tapered metal fixture. Using an octahedron shear stress criterion, the minimum diameter end fitting was determined assuming that low performance and maximum load performance was not allowed. The minimum safety factor used in the analysis was 1.0 as stresses were calculated for the impact environment and it was assumed that the maximum torque access load occurs at the same time Octahedral Stress Strain Voltage, and Load Condition 360000 axial load and 270000 kg in torque Torque dimensions External diameter = 1079 cm Internal diameter = 571 cm s = axial tension = load / area = 360000/25 9 = 5508 kg / cm2 t = shear stress = T (OD / 2J) = 270000 (425) / 408 (295) = 303696 kg / cm2 Y + (3) 1097282 = 761349 kg / cm2 Performance resistance (minimum) = 7733 kg / cm2 Safety factor = 110,000 / 108,300 = 1 01 The design of the tapered section of the accessory was based on the concept described in 'The NCF (No Cut Fiber) Cooupling', W Rumberger, B Spencer, Presented at the American Helicopter Society Meeting On Composites, June, 1985, Stamford, Connecticut Figure 8 shows how the torsional load was reacted by the polygon shape on the end fitting A similar free body is used for axial load except that the load on the surfaces of the polygon is constant, not triangular and both strips are used to react with the axial stress load T = (dμP + PL ) F, where T = applied torque = 270000 μ = coefficient of friction = 2 d = 6 01 cm (average) L = 0.83 cm (average) F = number of flat parts = 8 Solving for PP = 42169 kg Using the normal force of the taper polygon section of accessories the bearing tension of mixed material sBt due to the torsional load can be calculated. Area of flat parts = 32.15 cm2 sBT 72169 / 32.15 cm2 sBT = 1143.78 kg / cm2 The bearing tension aided by the tension load on the auxiliary drill is calculated by the tension load on the drilling aid is then calculated and adds to the stresses determined before for the torsional load. This analysis includes the additional area of the conical taper in the internal trap. This trap was not included in the calculation to make the torsional load react because it is not a polygon. Using a similar free-body diagram as previously presented, the bearing load on the flat parts and tapered taper can be calculated for the load axial of 360000 kg as shown below. sBT = load / area area of flat parts = (8) 37.15 = 296.7 area of conical taper = 185.95 total area = 483.16 normal load = 360000 / 17.3 kg / cm sBT = 360000 / 17.3 kgcm) (33.70) snt = 2900.57 kq / cm2 The total bearing tension on the tapered sections of the attachment are: tapered polygon bearing tension = 1143.78 + 2900.57 = 4044.35 kq / cm2 taper internal taper bearing tension = 2900.57 kg / cm2 The ultimate bearing strength is 2700 kcm2 . Since the calculated bearing tension is created by an impact and margin load it is considered adequate even taking into account the possible non-uniform load stress between the two tapered sections. Then, using the normal load, the ejection load can be calculated for both combined axial and torsional loads. Total ejection load, KL KL = F * Pcos15 + Tension load / tan15 = 8 (42169.5 kg) cos15 + 360000 / tan15 KL = 1669500 Using a permissible voltage of 3886.25 kcm2 (1.75 x
5515. 000 kcm2) for the carbon fiber, the required area of fiber of curvature for the ejection load to react can be calculated as follows. area = 1669500 / 3386.25 area = 45.60 cm2 The accessory is designed to allow the proper bending fiber. To improve load transfer and reduce stress concentrations, the fiber of curvature is intercepted with the helical winding fiber. The last load condition to consider is the compression load. When only the area of mixed material adjacent to the end of the metal fitting to transfer the compression load is considered, the resulting bearing stress can be calculated as follows: sB = load / area = 13500 (p / 4 * (33.86 = 16.12) sB = 125l8.37l kg / cm2 The last one was established at 387.00 Kcm 2. The stress analysis shows that the drilling aid is properly designed for all loading conditions.
Manufacture of the Tube of Mixed Material with Integral Extreme Accessories The manufacture of the assembly 10 is achieved according to the following general methodology. It is understood that within the context of the invention, various types of fibers, fiber orientation and binders can be used for the particulars of a design. After the construction and cutting to the length of the basic inner tube 12, 1 A metal rod is placed inside the tube of basic mixed material and the end fittings 14 are placed on the metal rod The flange 29 is inserted inside each end of the tube of basic mixed material 12 2 The end plates are attached to the metal rod to close the tube of basic mixed material 12 and end fittings 14 together to place them on a filament winder 3 The outer surface of the tube of mixed material 12 and the axial tension 22, torsional transfer 24 and flexural stress transfer surfaces 26 of the end fittings 14 are filaments wound with fiber impregnated with resin with a combination of helical wound fiber and curved fiber to an external diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the accessories extremes 14 Other Design Considerations During the filament winding or following the termination of The filament winding can be mixed with an abrasion resistant coating within the binder or added after curing the assembly on the outer surfaces of the mixed material tube. The abrasion resistant coating is preferably a resistant smoothing coating such as ArmorStone ™ CeraTrowel from DuraWear Corporation A stabilizer / wear pad 30 may be used on either the end fittings 14 on the mixed material body 16 in order to minimize the wear of mixed material The stabilizing / wear rod 30 may also include additional sensors such as rutile focusing lenses 32 as shown in Figure 7 for use with microimpulse imaging radar equipment. Stabilizers 30 may also be integral or removable from assembly 10. Diagram 40 inside the hole of the conjunt or 10 Examples of normal sensor equipment such as a neutron source and detector 42, gamma ray detector 44, resistivity component 46 and acoustic variation equipment 48 are also shown The ends of the assembly 10 are shown with threaded surfaces the ends of the assembly 10 are also shown with respective threaded surfaces 50 and 52 for the integration of the end fittings 14 with a drill string. In addition, a resin that includes a quantity of ceramic powder mixed in the resin is contemplated to increase the wear properties of the drill. mixed material Metal Bonding Seal / Mixed Material The joint / metal bond seal can also be implemented on a number of bonding surfaces using adhesives, gaskets and / or rings without affecting the function of the surfaces An example of the seal system using a ring is shown in figure 9 In this embodiment, the end fittings are in two components, an internal accessory 14a and an external accessory 14b joined by threads 14c. The basic mixed material tube 12 and layers of mixed outer wrap material 16 are assembled as described above in the internal accessory 14a. At the junction between the internal and external fittings 14a and 14b, the o-ring 14d is provided which can be compressed by tightening the end fitting 14b against the internal fitting 14a. An additional method for sealing the inner surfaces of mixed material and joint pipe can be used in which a sodium silicate solution is pressurized into the whole after the fiber layers are cured so that the sodium silicate is introduced into any cracks or empty spaces in the tube of mixed material in the joint and then undergoes a secondary cure. In addition, the seal can be achieved by using a removable tube running through the tube hole of mixed material and extreme metal fittings. In the case of the tube that is a tube of mixed material; The tube can run the whole length of the tube of mixed material and extreme accessories. This tube of internal mixed material could be provided with seals on its outer diameter at both ends to seal the inner tube with respect to tube of external mixed material and end fittings and therefore the joint of mixed material / end fitting. Alternatively, the metal sleeves can also be used for joint seal effect of mixed material / metal. In this case, two separate sleeves can be used at both ends of the mixed material / end accessory structure by translating with the end fitting and a short section of the internal mixed material tube that holds the mixed material section to the middle of the Tube Appropriate seals could be provided on each end of the sleeve to seal the joint of mixed material / metal Previous Tension of Metal Bonding / Mixed Material In addition, pre-stressing the joint of mixed material / end fitting can be implemented in order to reduce the risk of movement of the mixed material with respect to the end fitting while under load. Several methods can be used for the implementation of pre-tension. For example, after the tube of internal mixed material has been assembled in the metal end fittings this set can be compressed longitudinally before and during the wrapping of other layers of fiber Est or can be achieved by compressing the end fittings and tube of basic mixed material while these components are on the assembly rod and maintaining the appropriate compression force during the wrapping and healing of the outer layers. After curing, the compression load is released starting thus a tension load on the outer tube and therefore a compression load on the tapered strips on the metal end fittings Alternatively or concurrently, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the mixed material pipe can be made less than that of the extreme fitting of steel. In this situation, during curing and after cooling, the tube of mixed material could shrink faster than the metal end fitting. Consequently, if the cure temperature is above the operating temperature of the drill collar, the mixed material could exert a compression load (radial) on the metal end fitting. Furthermore, the geometry of the end fitting could be adapted in such a way that a bolt nut system is implemented to impart a compression load on the taper strips of the end fittings. This can be achieved using systems as shown in Figures 9 and 9A where the end fittings are provided in two sections with an accessory inner end 14a and outer 14b As shown, a compression surface 14 is provided on the outer end fitting 14b which can be pressed against the outer fiber layers 16 after curing whereby a compression load is imparted onto the straps of the outer fiber 14a. taper of metal end fittings A further example of a method for pre-pressing the joined end n is shown in Figure 11 whereby the end fittings are also provided as two sections as an internal end fitting 14a and external 14b In this embodiment, a threaded section 14c is provided over the internal and external end fittings The external section is provided with a geometry so that the flexural stress transfer surface 26 is incorporated on the external end fitting As shown, the outer end fitting can be pressed against the internal fitting Therefore, after wrapping the outer fiber layers around the The internal and external end fittings, the external end fitting can be pressed against the inner end fitting thereby imparting a compression and radial load on the joint. Static Test for Mixed Material Tube with Extreme Accessories The static test of a mixed material drilling aid of 11 25 kg with OD of 1714 cm and end fittings was completed as follows a) Axial Load Test A cyclization test was used of axial load to evaluate the behavior of the tube of mixed material during the cyclic tension and load of compression The tension / compression test was carried out in a tubular test system (SPT) of 1 57 million kilos controlled hydraulically Accessories were made Test of specific purposes to connect the specimen ends to the SPT and cross head actuator The applied load was measured via SPT differential pressure transducer (serial number 135841) for the load scale 1500 kN used for this test. Differential pressure tested a full error scale of -0.135% in compression and full scale of +0.151% in tension The displacement was measured directly from the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (TDVL) of the SPT driver The TDVL (serial number 91203) tube a full scale error of + 05% (+ 0025 cm) for the +50 mm scale used for this Test The applied load was monitored, is displacement of the actuator and time continuously during the test and recorded to the disk via a digital data acquisition system. Tension / compression tests included Axial tension to 47400 Kgcm2 Cichzation of axial tension between 0 and 316 kgcm2 during 10 cycles, Axial compression at 1185 Axial compression cyclization between 0 and 79 kgcm2 for 10 cycles, 1 hour drag test at 4898 kgcm2 b) Torsion test The torsion test was carried out in the clockwise direction (formation) and counter-clockwise (rupture) to verify the torsional capacity The test was carried out using 22080 kg forming torque machines and breaking 27600 kg m A half torque of reaction capable of forming / breaking of 1380 kg m was also installed on the end of the auxiliary to monitor the torque applied The torsion test consisted of static torque up to 6900 kgm training increments at 690 kgm followed by a static torque to a 6210 kgm break in increments of 690 kgm Additional torsional test included cyclization formation torque at 2760-3450 kgm followed by torque of rupture of cichzación of 2760-3450 kgm during 10 cycles each The static torque to 6900 kgm of formation and rupture of 6210 kgm was applied again after the cyclic test to verify the integrity of torsion Tests of Auxiliary Drilling Auxiliary of Mixed Material with Auxiliary Diagram The Auxiliary Drilling Mixed Material was successfully tested in a drilling training service facility in a typical environment to that of a drilling rig in a field. The Auxiliary Drilling Mixed underwent normal drilling conditions as well as underwent a charting operation in which it was compiled They plowed the improved transparency and propagation properties of the drilling aid with that of the all steel diagnostic assistant. The test involved assembling a mixed material drilling aid in a lower orifice assembly of a surface drilling column and leading to the drilling column back to the well at a depth of 650 meters The presence of the auxiliary drilling of mixed material on the drill auxiliary did not affect the operation of the normal equipment of 1) transfer, 2) rotate the board, 3) hold with power the drill pipe, 4) chain the drill pipe apart or 5) circulate fluid in the well At the depth of 650 meters, a neutron-gamma-ray tool was compensated in the auxiliary drilling of mixed material and a surface-to-surface operation The results of the operation of the graph in comparison with the auxiliary drill all steel indicated 1 Improved gamma-ray sensitivity The 635 cm thick mixed-material wall section introduces minimum gamma-ray attenuation In comparison, a 2 03 cm-thick steel wall attenuates gamma-ray propagation up to 60% A steel wall 6 35 cm thick is essentially opaque to range 2 gamma ray propagation measurements Improved neutron sensing The mixed material drilling aid has lower attenuation properties compared to steel Neutron porosity measurements improve from within a auxiliary drilling of mixed material as the fiber of mixed material physically displaces the fluid from the well thus reducing the neutron moderation effect of well fluid 3 Improved electromagnetic propagation The mixed material drilling aid has superior electromagnetic transparency compared to Also, as in the result 2) above, the propagation electromagnetic is also helped by the physical displacement of the well fluid. Figure 12 shows a comparison of gamma-ray record between conventional cable line and a log while downloading. As you can see from this Figure, the gamma ray registration between the two measurement techniques. As a result of the reduced attenuation properties and increased propagation properties of the mixed material drilling aid, the overall velocity of recording can be increased and thus the operating time can be reduced, indicating a fundamental improvement in the use of an auxiliary. perforation of mixed material for the purchased logging with an all steel design. The terms and expressions used in this specification are used as terms of description and not limitations and no attempt is made to use such terms and expressions to exclude any equivalents of the aspects shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that Various modifications are possible within the scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
- CLAIMS 1 A body of mixed material having signal attenuation properties for a physical design and performance point, the mixed material body comprising a plurality of fiber layers integrated with a binder, wherein the mixed material body has a longitudinal axis and the fiber layers include a first type of layer and a second type of layer, the first type of layer including carbon fiber oriented generally with the longitudinal axis to minimize the attenuation of signals and wherein each layer of fiber is selected according to the mechanical, signal attenuation and phase change properties of the design point 2 A composite material body according to claim 1, wherein said body is formed as a tube of mixed material adapted to used as a sounding column where the first type of layer is a plurality of layers integrated by layers of the second type 3 A body of material mixed according to claim 2, wherein the mixed material tube is adapted to receive a diagnostic tool 4 A composite material body according to any of claims 1-3 wherein the fiber layers include any one or a combination of fiberglass and aramid fibers A composite material body according to any of claims 2-4, wherein the carbon fiber is oriented at ± 10 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube of mixed material 6 A composite material body according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the carbon fiber is a high modulus carbon fiber 7 A composite material body according to any of claims 1-6, wherein fiber layers include any of a combination of a glass fiber comprising (1) 52-56% by weight of silicon dioxide (silica) 16-25% by weight of calcium oxide, 12-16% by weight of oxide of aluminum child, 5-10% by weight of gold oxide, 0-5% by weight of magnesium oxide 0-2% by weight of sodium oxides, potassium, 0-08% by weight of titanium oxide, 005-04 % by weight of iron oxide and 0-1% fluorine, or (2) 65% by weight of silicone oxide (silica), 25% by weight of aluminum oxide and 10% by weight of magnesium oxide or alumina-bopa-silica ceramic fibers 8 A composite material body according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the aramid fiber is a high-strength aramid fiber 9 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the binder is an epoxy resin. A mixed material body according to claim 9 wherein the epoxy resin is one selected from either a cyanate ester resin or a bisphenol epoxy resin. F. A body of mixed material according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the binder is based on cement and selected Ione of any one or a combination of Portland cement, portland-aluminum-plaster cement, plaster cement, aluminum-phosphate cement, portland-sulfoaluminate cement, calcium silicate cement-monosulfoalummate glass ionomer cement or other inorganic cement 12 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 2-11, wherein the first type of layer is wound at ± 10 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the first type of layer comprising 25-50% fiber of high modulus carbon, 0-44% aramid fiber and 16-50% high strength glass fiber 13. A mixed material body according to any of claims 2-12, wherein the second type layer is wound at 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the second type comprising glass fiber with 100% high strength 14. A composite material body according to any of claims 2-13, wherein the first kind layer constitutes 90% of the total thickness of the wall of the tube 15 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 2-14, wherein the second type of layer is interposed in the same way through the tube of mixed material in the discrete radial positions 1-9 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 2-15, wherein the first type layer is wound at ± 10 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixed material tube, the first layer type comprising 25% high modulus carbon fiber, 25% aramid fiber and 50% high glass fiber resistance 17 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 2-16, wherein the tube of mixed material has a signal attenuation response of at least 70% at 20 KHz 18 A body of mixed material in accordance with any of claims 2-17, wherein the mixed material tube has a microstructure with a fiber volume fraction of 60%. A mixed material body according to any of claims 2-18, wherein the tube of material mixed has performance standards including tension load compression load, torsion load, internal pressure, fatigue limit lateral stiffness, impact resistance, tensile strength, and elastic resistance that meet or exceed the standards of Specification 7 of the American Petroleum Institute 20 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 1-19, further comprising an abrasion-resistant coating on the external surface of the composite material body 21 A composite material body according to claim 20, in where the abrasion resistant coating is an epoxy filled with ceramic powder. 22. A body of mixed material according to any of claims 2-21, further comprising end fittings integrally attached to the tube of mixed material by layers of additional fibers and binder. A mixed material body according to claim 22, wherein the end fittings include a tube seat for seating the end fitting within the tube of mixed material, at least one compression bearing surface for supporting a compression load. between the end fittings and the mixed material pipe, at least one bending stress transfer surface to support a bending stress load between the end fittings and mixed material pipe, at least one axial tension surface to support an axial tension load between the end fittings and mixed material pipe 24 A mixed material body according to claim 23, wherein at least one torsional transfer surface comprises multiple surfaces 25 A body of mixed material in accordance with any of claims 23-24, wherein at least one torsion transfer surface comp Eight surfaces 26 A body of mixed material according to claim 25, wherein each of the eight surfaces are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the end fittings 27 A body of mixed material according to claim 25, wherein each of the eight surfaces are tapered with respect to the longitudinal axis of the end fittings 28 A composite material body according to any of claims 24-27, wherein the multiple surfaces are a combination of surfaces both tapered and parallel with respect to the axis longitudinal of the end fittings 29 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 22-28, wherein the additional winding is high modulus glass fiber winding 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the end fittings 30 A body A body of mixed material according to any of claims 22-29, wherein the end fittings purchase Further, stabilizers 31 A mixed material body according to claim 30 wherein the stabilizers include rutile or zirconium focus lenses for use with microimpulse imaging radar 32 A mixed material body having a medium section of tube of mixed material and integral extreme accessories, the middle section of the tube of mixed material having a signal transparency, the middle section of the tube of mixed material characterized by a tube of basic mixed material, the tube of basic mixed material including a plurality of layers of fiber impregnated with binder of a first and second type wherein the layers of the first type are intercepted by the layers of the second type and the first layers are wound at ± 10 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the first type of layers comprising 40% carbon fiber of high modulus, 44% aramid fiber and 16% glass fiber of high strength and the first layer constitutes 90% of the total wall thickness of the tube and where the second layer type is wound at 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the second type comprising 100% high strength glass fiber intersected through the wall of the tube in a plurality of discrete radial positions the end fittings charact bristled by a tube seat to seat the end fitting within the basic mixed material tube at least one compression bearing surface to support a compression load between the end fittings and the basic mixed material tube at least one surface of flexural stress transfer to support a bending stress load between the end fittings and basic mixed material pipe, at least one axial tension surface to support an axial stress load between the end fittings and basic mixed material pipe 33 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 2-32, wherein the tube of mixed material is adapted for acquisition of data from a well of sounding, the tube of mixed material having a transparency of signals that allows the use of equipment for data acquisition from inside the tube the data acquisition equipment selected from either of a combination of gamma ray emitters and sensors, neutron emitters and sensors, acoustic emitters and receivers, inductive EM emitters and receivers, and directional sensor equipment 34 An extreme accessory for configuration to a tube of mixed material comprising a tube seat for seating the end fitting within the mixed material tube, at least one compression bearing surface for supporting a compression load between the end fittings and the mixed material tube, at least one flexure stress transfer surface for supporting a bending stress load between the end fittings and mixed material pipe, at least one axial tension surface for supporting an axial stress load between the end fittings and mixed material pipe 35 An end fitting according to the claim 34, wherein at least one torsional transfer surface comprises multiple surface s An end fitting according to any of claims 34-35, wherein at least one torsional transfer surface comprises eight surfaces 37. An end fitting according to claim 36 wherein each of the eight surfaces is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the end fittings 38 An end fitting according to claim 36 wherein each of the eight surfaces is tapered with respect to the longitudinal axis of the end fittings 39 An end fitting according to claim 35 wherein the multiple surfaces are a combination of tapered and parallel surfaces with respect to the longitudinal axis of the end fittings 40 A mixed material body according to any of claims 22-23, wherein the end fittings and outer layers define a joint of mixed material / accessory end and end fittings are adapted to receive a cermet nut red to impart a compression force on the joint of mixed material / end fitting 41 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 22-33, wherein the end fittings include an internal and external fitting adapted to impart a compression force on the joint of mixed material / end fitting 42 A body of mixed material according to any of claims 22-33, wherein the end fittings and mixed material layers define an internal joint of mixed material / end fitting, the mixed material tube further comprising an inner sleeve adapted to seal the internal joint of mixed material / end fitting 43 A mixed material body according to claim 42 , wherein the inner sleeve is a metal or mixed material. A method for forming a mixed material body is the composite material body including a mixed material tube with integral end fittings comprising the steps of a) winding a basic inner tube of a fiber saturated with binder on a steel mandrel b) cure the binder to form a cured tube c) rem over the mandrel of the cured tube, d) cut the cured tube to the length to form a basic tube, e) insert a mandrel in alignment into the basic tube and seat the end fittings inside the basic tube on the mandrel in alignment, f) winding the outer layers of saturated fiber with binder on the basic tube and end fittings to form a tube of mixed material with end fittings. A method according to claim 44 further comprising the step of applying an adhesive coating to the external surface of the tube. of mixed material 46 A method according to any of claims 44-45 wherein the end fittings and outer layers define a joint of mixed material / end fitting, the method further comprising the step of pre-tensioning the joint of mixed material / accessory end 47 A method according to claim 46 wherein the pre-tensioning of the material mix to / end fitting includes compressing the cured tube and end fittings during the wrapping and curing of the outer fiber layers 48. A method according to one of claims 44-47, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the mixed material tube is less than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the end fittings and wherein during the wrapping and curing of the outer fiber layers a compression force is induced on the end fitting R ESE MEN The present invention relates to structures of mixed material having properties of attenuation of reduced signals. In particular, the invention relates to sounding column components of mixed material with electromagnetic properties and acoustic properties that allow the use of electromagnetic, acoustic and nuclear sensor equipment to obtain sounding data from inside the sounding pipe. In a specific modality, a tube of mixed material is incorporated with extreme accessories that allow its incorporation into a sounding column, thus allowing the use of the equipment of the inside of the tube of mixed material.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56733795A | 1995-12-05 | 1995-12-05 | |
| US567337 | 1995-12-05 | ||
| US08/740,665 US5988300A (en) | 1995-12-05 | 1996-10-31 | Composite material structures having reduced signal attenuation |
| US08740665 | 1996-10-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MX9804443A MX9804443A (en) | 1998-12-31 |
| MXPA98004443A true MXPA98004443A (en) | 1999-02-01 |
Family
ID=
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5988300A (en) | Composite material structures having reduced signal attenuation | |
| WO1997021117A1 (en) | Composite material structures having reduced signal attenuation | |
| US7234519B2 (en) | Flexible piezoelectric for downhole sensing, actuation and health monitoring | |
| US7265649B1 (en) | Flexible inductive resistivity device | |
| US9690000B2 (en) | System for measuring shear stress in downhole tubulars | |
| USRE43960E1 (en) | System for measuring stress in downhole tubulars | |
| US5927409A (en) | Apparatus for joining sections of pressurized conduit | |
| US5767674A (en) | Apparatus for protecting a magnetic resonance antenna | |
| US20040206187A1 (en) | Performance monitoring of offshore petroleum risers using optical strain sensors | |
| EP3193169B1 (en) | Fluid sensor comprising a resonant cavity made of an electrically conductive composite material | |
| CN106596715B (en) | Array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer tubular column damage detection system and method | |
| CA2549588C (en) | Composite encased tool for subsurface measurements | |
| US20230014307A1 (en) | A telemetry tool joint | |
| MXPA98004443A (en) | Mixed material structures that have reduced signal attenuation | |
| Peretz | Shear stress-strain characteristics of adhesive layers | |
| US11149538B2 (en) | Systems and methods for determining bending of a drilling tool, the drilling tool having electrical conduit | |
| US20210270090A1 (en) | Signal-transparent tubular for downhole operations | |
| US20240159935A1 (en) | Direct push probe assembly for nmr measurements | |
| CA2237432A1 (en) | Composite material structures having reduced signal attenuation | |
| US20240117733A1 (en) | A downhole assembly with spring isolation filter | |
| Kaddour et al. | Behaviour of+ 55/-55 angle ply laminates under external pressure and axial compression | |
| Keough et al. | Development and Fabrication of Stress Gages and Power Supplies for the Mighty Epic Interface Experiment. | |
| MXPA06006644A (en) | Composite encased tool for subsurface measurements |