CN106596715B - Array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer tubular column damage detection system and method - Google Patents
Array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer tubular column damage detection system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The disclosure relates to the technical field of electromagnetic detection, in particular to an array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer pipe column damage detection system and a detection method based on the array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer pipe column damage detection system. The detection system comprises: the underground detection module is used for detecting and collecting detection data of the casing to be detected; the underground detection module comprises a plurality of detection pup joints which are connected in sequence; the remote transmission short sections are connected with the underground detection module and are used for receiving control instructions of an upper computer, collecting detection data of the detection short sections and sending the detection data to the upper computer; and the upper computer is used for receiving the detection data sent by the telemetry nipple. The detection system can ensure the stability and the correctness of the detection result.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of electromagnetic detection, in particular to an array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer pipe column damage detection system and a detection method based on the array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer pipe column damage detection system.
Background
Currently, most of the oil fields in China enter the middle and later stages, in the long-term production process, the production well casing is damaged to different degrees due to formation stress, chemical corrosion and the like, such as shrinkage, perforation, corrosion, cracking and the like, so that the well wall collapses, unbalance of injection and production of the oil fields is caused, yield increase is limited, and normal production of each oil field is seriously influenced.
The transient electromagnetic method sleeve damage detection is a method for effectively detecting pipe column damage. The principle is that a bipolar excitation signal is transmitted to an electromagnetic probe, a primary magnetic field is formed around the probe, an eddy current loop is generated when the primary magnetic field meets surrounding media, so that a secondary magnetic field is formed, the secondary magnetic field attenuated in the stratum is received during a gap of transmitting the excitation signal, the received secondary magnetic field is an attenuated voltage signal, and stratum conductivity information is inverted by analyzing attenuation rules of the received signal. Compared with the common electromagnetic method, the transient electromagnetic detection method is hardly interfered by the primary magnetic field, so the transient electromagnetic detection method is now attracting more and more attention,
however, the existing transient electromagnetic method sleeve damage detection technology mainly depends on the time characteristics of eddy current signals to realize sleeve damage analysis of different radial distances when a multilayer tubular column is damaged. The patent of multi-functional electromagnetic flaw detector in pit 200910254664.X, and paper Fu Y, yu R, peng X, et al investigation of casing inspection through tubing with pulsed eddy current [ J ]. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation,2012, 27 (4): 353-374. A method for detecting damage of an outer sleeve of an oil pipe is proposed by penetrating the oil pipe, and the method mainly comprises the steps of selecting proper time slices and analyzing by utilizing the time domain characteristics of vortex so as to finish damage detection of two layers of pipe columns. The method has the advantages that the instrument structure is relatively simple, but the defect that the detection performance of the damage of the multi-layer tubular column is affected to a certain extent.
The new electromagnetic flaw detection MID-S logging technique sleeve damage detection research [ J ]. Petroleum apparatus, 2012, 26 (4): 4-6. "introduces the Russian latest generation MID-S transient electromagnetic flaw detector, which realizes the damage detection of oil pipes and casings by arranging 2 longitudinal probes (parallel to the axes of the casings). However, at most, the 2 longitudinal probes designed by MID-S only have the capability of distinguishing the damage condition of the 2-layer tubular column, and in the well condition of more than 2-layer tubular column (the well condition is usually found in oil fields with the well depth of more than 4000 meters, such as the oil fields in Yumen, qinghai, xinjiang and the like in China), the damage condition cannot be effectively and accurately detected by the method.
It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancing understanding of the background of the present disclosure and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure is directed to an array-type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe string damage detection system and a detection method based on the array-type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe string damage detection system, which, at least to some extent, overcome one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part by the practice of the disclosure.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer pipe string damage detection system, comprising:
the underground detection module is used for detecting and collecting detection data of the casing to be detected; the underground detection module comprises a plurality of detection pup joints which are connected in sequence;
the remote transmission short sections are connected with the underground detection module and are used for receiving control instructions of an upper computer, collecting detection data of the detection short sections and sending the detection data to the upper computer;
and the upper computer is used for receiving the detection data sent by the telemetry nipple.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the detection nipple includes a housing, and a lateral detection unit and a longitudinal detection unit disposed within the housing;
the transverse detection unit comprises two transverse electromagnetic probes which are mutually perpendicular and are axially perpendicular to the shell;
the longitudinal detection unit comprises a longitudinal electromagnetic probe which is axially parallel to the shell.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a mechanical backbone for fixing the transverse electromagnetic probe and the longitudinal electromagnetic probe is provided in the probe sub housing.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, two ends of the casing of the detection nipple are respectively provided with a joint positioning key and a positioning key slot matched with the joint positioning key.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the joint positioning key and the positioning key groove are disposed at an angle along the axial direction of the housing.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the telemetry sub comprises:
the remote transmission information processing module is used for receiving the control instruction of the upper computer, sending the control instruction to the detection pup joint, collecting and storing the detection data of each detection pup joint, and sending the detection data to the upper computer;
the temperature monitoring module is used for monitoring underground temperature information in real time;
the real-time positioning module is used for determining the real-time azimuth of the detection nipple;
and the underground power supply module is used for providing electric energy for the underground detection module and the telemetry sub.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the downhole power module includes a voltage stabilizing unit and two DC-DC power units connected thereto.
In one exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the inspection system further comprises a transmission device for conveying the downhole detection module, the telemetry sub, and the downhole detection module into a casing to be inspected downhole; the transmission device includes: logging winch, single-core cable and headstall;
the logging winch is connected with the headstock, the telemetry nipple and the underground detection module sequentially through the single-core cable and is used for conveying the telemetry nipple and the underground detection module into the underground casing to be detected.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, an upper centralizer is disposed between the remote sensing nipple upper end and the headstock, and a lower centralizer is disposed at the lower end of the downhole detection module.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the logging winch is communicatively connected to the host computer through a surface acquisition chassis.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting damage to a multi-layer pipe string by an array transient electromagnetic method, comprising:
receiving detection data of each detection nipple, and establishing a multi-layer tubular column medium model according to the detection data; the multi-layer pipe column medium model comprises pipe columns of all layers, and the conductivity, the magnetic permeability and the dielectric constant of the medium; the radius of each layer is recorded as r, and the actual thickness of each layer of pipe column is recorded as d;
acquiring an electromagnetic field of an active area of an electromagnetic probe transmitting coil in each detection short section based on the pipe column medium model, so as to acquire the electric field intensity and the magnetic field intensity of an rimless area of an electromagnetic probe receiving coil;
and carrying out inverse Laplace transformation according to the internal magnetic field of the receiving coil of the electromagnetic probe to obtain the time domain induction electromotive force received by the receiving coil:
wherein: n (N) R Indicating the number of turns of the receiving coil, U i Representing the time domain induced electromotive force received by the receiving coil of the ith probe;
and taking a theoretical model of induced electromotive force in the receiving coil in a minimum time slice as a basis of the thickness scale of the tubular column, thereby obtaining the thickness of the tubular column.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, according to the thickness value of the pipe string marked by the induced electromotive force of the receiving coil measured by each longitudinal electromagnetic probe, the damage condition of each pipe string is jointly judged by combining the actual thickness of each pipe string.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the using the theoretical model of induced electromotive force in the receiving coil in the extremely small time slices as a basis for the thickness scale of the pipe string, so as to obtain the thickness of the pipe string includes:
according to the empirical value range (0, x) of the thickness of the nth layer column n )，By successive substitution +.>Is approximated to the measured induced electromotive force U n Value of->Make->And U n The error between is within a set error threshold, i.eThereby obtaining the nearest thickness +.>
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the multi-layer pipe string medium model uses a central point of the transmitting coil of the detecting nipple as an origin of coordinates, so that the receiving coil of the detecting nipple is located in a positive direction of a z-axis.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnetic field inside the receiving coil of the electromagnetic probe is:
wherein: c (C) 1 Represents the undetermined coefficient, z, of the innermost layer 0 Indicating the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, N T Indicating the number of turns of the transmitting coil, I T Represents the emission current, r 0 Indicating the radius of the transmitting coil, I 0 (. Cndot.) and K 0 (. Cndot.) represents the 0 th order modified Bessel functions of the first and second classes.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the detection range of each of the longitudinal electromagnetic probes is adjusted by setting the size, frequency, and emission current of each of the longitudinal electromagnetic probes.
According to the detection system provided by the technical scheme of the embodiment of the disclosure, the remote-transmission short sections are utilized to receive control instructions of the upper computer, the control instructions are sent to all detection short sections in the underground detection module, all detection short sections are utilized to detect a casing to be detected, detected data obtained after detection are sent to the remote-transmission short sections, and the detection data generated by all detection short sections are integrated by the remote-transmission short sections and then are sent to the upper computer. When the detection is performed, on one hand, the number of the detection pup joints can be set according to the layer number condition of the pipe column, so that the stability and the correctness of a detection result are ensured; on the other hand, the use and the assembly are convenient.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are merely examples of the disclosure and that other drawings may be derived from them without undue effort.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an array type multicomponent downhole transient electromagnetic fault detection system in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a schematic structural diagram of an array type multicomponent downhole transient electromagnetic fault detection system in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a probe nipple in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a probe sub in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a transverse electromagnetic probe assembly in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 schematically illustrates a schematic view of longitudinal electromagnetic probe detection ranges with different electromagnetic parameters in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a block diagram of one type of telemetry sub in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a downhole radial three-layer tubing string media model in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 schematically illustrates an overall frame diagram of a detection system in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a longitudinal probe distribution and probe range diagram in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a tube wall thickness scale in a method of detection in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 schematically illustrates a hierarchical decision flow chart of one detection method in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments may be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in software or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits or in different networks and/or processor devices and/or microcontroller devices.
The embodiment firstly provides an array type multicomponent underground transient electromagnetic flaw detection system, and the system method can be applied to the fields of casing pipe and oil pipe anomaly detection, metal mineral and petroleum resource and groundwater engineering investigation and the like. Referring to fig. 1, the array type multi-component down-hole transient electromagnetic fault detection system may include:
the underground detection module 101 is used for detecting and collecting detection data of the casing to be detected; the underground detection module 101 comprises a plurality of detection pup joints which are connected in sequence;
the telemetry sub 102 is connected with the underground detection module 101 and is used for receiving control instructions of the upper computer 20, collecting detection data of each detection sub and sending the detection data to the upper computer 20;
the upper computer 20 is configured to receive the detection data sent by the telemetry sub 102.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the telemetry sub 102 is utilized to receive a control instruction of the upper computer 20, and send the control instruction to each detection sub in the downhole detection module 101, detect the casing to be detected by each detection sub, send the detected data generated after detection to the telemetry sub 102, and the telemetry sub 102 integrates the detected data generated by each detection sub and then sends the integrated detected data to the upper computer 20. When the detection is performed, on one hand, the number of the detection pup joints can be set according to the layer number condition of the pipe column, so that the stability and the correctness of a detection result are ensured; on the other hand, the downhole detection module 101 is relatively easy to use and assemble.
Next, with reference to fig. 2 to 7, the respective components of the array type multi-component down-hole transient electromagnetic flaw detection system in the present exemplary embodiment will be described in more detail.
Specifically, in the present exemplary embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the downhole detection module may include a plurality of detection sub segments connected in sequence, for example: the first detection nipple 4, the second detection nipple, and the nth detection nipple 5.
In this example embodiment, referring to fig. 2,3 and 4, the above-mentioned probe nipple may include a housing 301, and a lateral probe unit and a longitudinal probe unit disposed in the housing 301.
Referring to fig. 2, the transverse detecting unit may include two transverse electromagnetic probes perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the housing shaft 301, a first transverse electromagnetic probe 21 and a second transverse electromagnetic probe 11, and a plane of the first transverse electromagnetic probe 21 and the second transverse electromagnetic probe 11 is perpendicular to the axis of the housing 301. The longitudinal detection unit may comprise a longitudinal electromagnetic probe 12 arranged axially parallel to the housing 301.
Under the condition that the detection performance is not affected, the electromagnetic probe adopts a transmitting and receiving integrated mode of transmitting in the inner layer and receiving in the outer layer, and the length of the detection pup joint can be shortened, so that the overall length of the instrument is effectively shortened. Each electromagnetic probe may be coupled to an excitation transmitting circuit for providing bipolar excitation signals to the electromagnetic probes. Meanwhile, a receiving circuit can be arranged to amplify and filter the received signals of the three electromagnetic probes, and then the received signals are encoded to store the uploading control instruction waiting for the telemetry information processing module.
In order to further optimize the structure of the probe nipple, referring to fig. 4, in the present exemplary embodiment, a mechanical skeleton 304 is disposed in the housing 301 of the probe nipple, and the longitudinal electromagnetic probe 12, the first transverse electromagnetic probe 21, and the second transverse electromagnetic probe 11 are mounted and fixed on the mechanical skeleton 304, so that stability and safety of each electromagnetic probe are ensured during operation.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the two ends of the housing 301 of the probing nipple may be respectively provided with a joint positioning key 302 and a positioning key groove 303 matched with the joint positioning key 302. By arranging the joint positioning key 302 and the positioning key groove 303, each detection nipple can be conveniently connected and assembled.
And the joint positioning key and the positioning key groove can be provided with a fixed included angle along the axial direction of the shell. After combination, each longitudinal electromagnetic probe is arranged at equal angle intervals, the axial sectional view of the transverse electromagnetic probe in the instrument is shown by referring to fig. 5, the horizontal plane is divided into eight detection sectors after the transverse probes in the two detection pup joints are combined, the horizontal plane is divided into sixteen detection sectors after the four detection pup joints are combined, and the transverse electromagnetic probe is sensitive to metal abnormality in the axial direction compared with metal abnormality in the radial direction, so that the combined detection can not miss any azimuth abnormality in the horizontal direction. Referring to fig. 6, the length, diameter and number of turns of the electromagnetic probe in the vertical direction on each detection nipple can be different, the detection range is also different, the detection range of the longitudinal probe after the combination of the four sections of nipples is expanded outwards layer by layer, and the columnar layered detection capability of the instrument can be greatly improved after the combination.
In this exemplary embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the telemetry sub 102 may include: a telemetry information processing module 1021, a temperature monitoring module 1022, a real-time location module 1023, and a downhole power module 1024. Wherein:
the telemetry information processing module 1021 is configured to receive a control instruction from the host computer 20, send the control instruction to the detection pup joint, collect and store detection data of each detection pup joint, and send the detection data to the host computer 20.
The temperature monitoring module 1022 is configured to monitor downhole temperature information in real time. The temperature acquisition module 1022 may be composed of a temperature sensor and peripheral circuitry.
The real-time positioning module 1023 is used for determining the real-time orientation of the detection nipple. The real-time positioning module 1023 may be composed of a gravitational acceleration sensor and peripheral circuitry for positioning the real-time orientation of each probe nipple for subsequent interpretation. The temperature data may be uploaded together with the real-time positioning data after the probe data.
The downhole power module 1024 is configured to provide electrical power to the downhole detection module and telemetry sub. The downhole power module may include a voltage stabilizing unit and two DC-DC power units connected thereto. The power supply module 1024 must not only provide enough power to meet the needs of the downhole detection module 101, but also control the current not to exceed the rated value to prevent burning out some of the devices by powering each sub through the instrument's power bus.
The telemetry information processing module 1021 acquires the detection information of each detection nipple in a time-sharing manner by sending a control instruction, and the detection information is stored and then is uploaded to the ground system through the single-core cable 1 in a centralized manner during a gap period of receiving the detection information. The uploading process can be realized through a power carrier, the signals are coupled with the power supply voltage through a transformer underground and then uploaded, and the signals are separated from the power supply voltage through the transformer underground and then processed. If some detection pup joints fail and the wrong detection data sent to the telemetry sub 102 even do not send data to the telemetry sub 102, the telemetry information processing module 1021 can send ten restarting instructions to the detection pup joints, the detection pup joints stop sending restarting instructions when the detection pup joints work normally, if the telemetry sub joints can not work normally, the data of the detection pup joints are not received any more, and only the detection data of the detection pup joints working normally are received, so that the instrument can still work continuously when some pup joints fail.
In this exemplary embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the above-mentioned array type multi-component downhole transient electromagnetic fault detection system may further include:
the transmission device is used for conveying the underground detection module and the telemetry sub 102 into a casing to be detected under the well 8; the transmission device includes: a logging winch 15, a single-core cable 1 and a headstall 2; and an upper centralizer 3 is arranged between the upper end of the remote sensing nipple 102 and the headstock 2, and a lower centralizer 7 is arranged at the lower end of the underground detection module.
Specifically, the upper centralizer 3 and the lower centralizer 7 enable the instrument to be always kept at the axial position of the well bore during detection, namely, each electromagnetic probe is located at the axial position of the well bore, so that the distance between a primary magnetic field generated by a transmitting coil of a detection nipple and the well wall is fixed, and detection errors caused by shaking of the instrument in the well are avoided. The two centralizers can be replaced according to the diameter of the well bore, and the operation is simple and convenient. The headstall 2 is a device for connecting the single-core cable 1 with the underground detection module 101, and can prevent water and pressure. The casing of the whole underground detection system is made of nonmagnetic titanium alloy, and interference to an electromagnetic probe is avoided.
The logging winch 15 is used for sending the telemetry sub and the downhole detection module into the downhole casing to be detected. The logging winch 15 is connected with the headstock 2, the upper centralizer 3, the telemetry sub 102, the underground detection module and the lower centralizer 7 in sequence through the single-core cable 1. The single-core cable 1 in the logging winch 15 and the ground acquisition case 14 can be connected through a downhole power supply line 16, and the depth counter in the logging winch and the ground acquisition case 14 can be connected through a depth data line 17 for data transmission. Meanwhile, the logging winch 15 can also be in communication connection with the upper computer 20 through the ground acquisition chassis 14; the ground collection chassis 14 may be connected to the host computer 20 through the first USB cable 9 and the second USB cable 13 and perform data communication.
In the presently disclosed embodiment the downhole tools are connected by a single cable 1 on a logging winch 20 and lowered into the well 8. By arranging the display software on the upper computer 20, the display software has the functions of displaying and storing the detection data, the temperature data and the azimuth data of all detection pup joints in real time, and further comprises a spectrum intensity graph of a detection curve, so that the intuitiveness of real-time monitoring is improved.
Under the condition that the conductivity and the magnetic permeability of surrounding media are certain, namely the distribution of metal substances is uniform and the total quantity is certain, the voltage signal value received by each electromagnetic probe is unchanged, an approximately vertical curve is displayed on the display software of the upper computer 20 along with the depth, if metal abnormality, namely the damage of a sleeve and a metal ore layer are encountered, the signal attenuation time received by the longitudinal electromagnetic probe of each detection short section is changed, the voltage amplitude value of each sampling point corresponding to the signal attenuation time is changed, the display curve on the display software of the upper computer 20 deviates from a stable value, and the stable value is restored until the abnormality disappears. And the transverse electromagnetic probe axially facing the abnormal metal part can also change obviously. The shape and the size of the metal abnormality can be obtained after the detection curves of the electromagnetic probes are combined and interpreted, and then the specific position of the metal abnormality is calculated according to the parameters of the real-time position monitoring system and the depth data of the depth counter.
When the number of layers of the pipe column is small, one to two detection pup joints can be added to meet the detection requirement; when the multi-layer pipe column is encountered, a plurality of detection short sections can be added, the detection short sections can be replaced, and the disassembly and the assembly are simple and easy to operate.
The detection method of the array transient electromagnetic method multilayer tubular column damage detection system is also provided in the example embodiment, and can be applied to the fields of casing and oil pipe anomaly detection, metal mineral and petroleum resource and groundwater engineering investigation and the like. The monitoring method may comprise the steps of:
s1, receiving detection data of each detection nipple, and establishing a multi-layer tubular column medium model according to the detection data; the multi-layer pipe column medium model comprises pipe columns of all layers, and the conductivity, the magnetic permeability and the dielectric constant of the medium; the radius of each layer is recorded as r, and the actual thickness of each layer of pipe column is recorded as d;
s2, acquiring an electromagnetic field of an active area of an electromagnetic probe transmitting coil in each detection nipple based on the pipe column medium model, and acquiring the electric field intensity and the magnetic field intensity of an rimless area of an electromagnetic probe receiving coil according to the electromagnetic field;
s3, carrying out Gaver-stehfest inverse Laplace transformation according to the internal magnetic field of the receiving coil of the electromagnetic probe to obtain the time domain induction electromotive force received by the receiving coil:
wherein: n (N) R Indicating the number of turns of the receiving coil, U i Representing the time domain induced electromotive force received by the receiving coil of the ith probe; .
S4, adopting a theoretical model of induced electromotive force in a receiving coil in a minimum time slice as a basis of thickness scales of the tubular column, thereby obtaining the thickness of the tubular column.
Based on the foregoing, in the present exemplary embodiment, the foregoing detection method may further include:
s5, according to the thickness value of the pipe column marked by the induced electromotive force of the receiving coil measured by each longitudinal electromagnetic probe, combining the actual thickness of each layer of pipe column, and jointly judging the damage condition of each layer of pipe column.
The detection method provided by the disclosure can set a plurality of detection pup joints and then set a plurality of electromagnetic probes, and can accurately judge the damage condition of the multilayer tubular column by setting each electromagnetic probe in different detection ranges, and has higher accuracy.
Next, each step of the detection method in the above-described exemplary embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 8 to 12 and examples.
In this exemplary embodiment, the above-mentioned theoretical model using induced electromotive force in the receiving coil in a very small time slice is used as a basis for the thickness scale of the pipe column, so that obtaining the thickness of the pipe column includes:
according to the empirical value range (0, x) of the thickness of the nth layer column n )，By successive substitution +.>Is approximated to the measured induced electromotive force U n Value of->Make->And U n The error between is within a set error threshold, i.eThereby obtaining the nearest thickness +.>
In the present exemplary embodiment, the above-described detection method will be described in detail using a three-layer column as an example.
After the telemetry information processing module receives the detection data uploaded by each longitudinal probe, under the condition that the stratum permeability is not changed, the time domain induction electromotive force of the receiving coil is required to be obtained through the detection range of each longitudinal electromagnetic probe and the boundary condition of each layer of medium, and further the wall thickness information of each layer of pipe column is calibrated, so that the damage condition of the pipe column is jointly judged. For convenience of description, signals measured by the respective longitudinal probes are defined as a first longitudinal electromagnetic probe, a second longitudinal electromagnetic probe, and a third longitudinal electromagnetic probe, respectively.
Referring to fig. 8, a three-layer radial pipe column medium model is first built, wherein each layer of medium is respectively an iron core, air, a first pipe column, a first cement sheath, a second pipe column, a second cement sheath, a third pipe column, a third cement sheath and a stratum, and the corresponding conductivity, magnetic conductivity and dielectric constant are respectively (mu) 1 ,ε 1 ,σ 1 )，(μ 2 ,ε 2 ,σ 2 )，(μ 3 ,ε 3 ,σ 3 )，(μ 4 ,ε 4 ,σ 4 )，(μ 5 ,ε 5 ,σ 5 )，(μ 6 ,ε 6 ,σ 6 )，(μ 7 ,ε 7 ,σ 7 )，(μ 8 ,ε 8 ,σ 8 )，(μ 9 ,ε 9 ,σ 9 ) The radius of each layer is r 1 ，r 2 ，r 3 ，r 4 ，r 5 ，r 6 ，r 7 ，r 8 ，r 9 The stratum radius is infinite, and the actual thickness of each layer of pipe column is recorded as d 1 ，d 2 And d 3 . The overall structural framework of the system is shown with reference to fig. 9.
The stratum is regarded as uniform medium because of the large conductivity difference between the tubular column and the stratum medium; because the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are coil systems wound on the iron core, the radius of the transmitting coil is r 0 The center point is located at the origin of coordinates and the receiving coil is located in the positive z-axis direction. According to Faraday electromagnetic induction law and full current law of frequency domain, and introducing variable x j And lambda (lambda) j Satisfy x j 2 ＝λ j 2 +k j 2 ，k j For wave number, the electromagnetic field of the active region is determined:
wherein N is T Indicating the number of turns of the transmit coil; i T Representing the emission current, K 1 (. Cndot.) represents the second class 1 order complex quantity Bessel function; i 0 (. Cndot.) and K 0 (. Cndot.) represents the 0 th order modified Bessel functions of the first and second classes; c (C) 2 And D 2 Representing the undetermined coefficients of the second layer;
the magnetic field inside the receiving coil is:
wherein C is 1 Represents the undetermined coefficient, z, of the innermost layer 0 Representing the distance between the transmit coil and the receive coil.
Based on the expression of vector magnetic potential component in each layer of medium and combined withThe relation between vector magnetic potential and field quantity and the differential property of the complex quantity Bessel function can be used for obtaining the passive zoneThe electric field strength in the direction and the magnetic field strength in the z direction are:
wherein I is 1 (. Cndot.) represents a first class of modified Bessel functions of order 1; c (C) j And D j Representing the undetermined coefficient of the j-th layer;
according to the boundary condition of the magnetic field, at r=r j (j=2, 3,4,5,6,7,8, 9), the tangential electric field and the normal magnetic field are continuous:
H zj ＝H z(j+1) (6)
according to the conditions, the coefficient recurrence relation between two adjacent layers of media can be deduced and written into a matrix form as follows:
wherein,
the above can be further simplified into:
wherein,
P j11 ＝-μ j+1 x j K 0 (x j r j )I 1 (x j+1 r j )-μ j x j+1 K 1 (x j r j )I 0 (x j+1 r j ) (10)
P j12 ＝-μ j+1 x j K 0 (x j r j )K 1 (x j+1 r j )+μ j x j+1 K 1 (x j r j )K 0 (x j+1 r j ) (11)
P j21 ＝-μ j+1 x j I 0 (x j r j )I 1 (x j+1 r j )+μ j x j+1 I 1 (x j r j )I 0 (x j+1 r j ) (12)
P j22 ＝-μ j+1 x j I 0 (x j r j )K 1 (x j+1 r j )-μ j x j+1 I 1 (x j r j )K 0 (x j+1 r j ) (13)
q j1 ＝[-x j μ j+1 K 0 (x j r j )I 1 (x j+1 r j )-μ j x j+1 K 1 (x j r j )I 0 (x j+1 r j )]K 1 (x j+1 r 0 ) (14)
q j2 ＝[-μ j+1 x j I 0 (x j r j )I 1 (x j+1 r j )+μ j x j+1 I 1 (x j r j )I 0 (x j+1 r j )]K 1 (x j+1 r 0 ) (15)
in the first mediumIn (iron core), when r.fwdarw.0, K 0 (xr),K 1 (xr) tends to infinity, but the magnetic field strength should be limited, so D 1 Should be 0. In the stratum, when r n At →infinity, I 0 (xr),I 1 (xr) tends to infinity, but the magnetic field strength tends to 0, so the coefficient C in the quadratic field expression in the formation n Should be 0.
Referring to fig. 10, by adjusting the probe size and the emission current, the detection ranges of the first, second, and third longitudinal electromagnetic probes are set to be: r is (r) 3 ＜r 1 '<r 4 、r 5 ＜r 2 '<r 6 And r 7 ＜r 3 '<r 8 。
Therefore, when the first longitudinal electromagnetic probe is adopted for detection, the area except the first cement sheath is equivalent to a stratum, and the medium coefficient relation of each layer is as follows:
wherein C is 11 The coefficients of the innermost layer when probed with the first longitudinal electromagnetic probe are indicated.
When the second longitudinal electromagnetic probe is adopted for detection, the area outside the second cement sheath is equivalent to a stratum, and the medium coefficient relation of each layer is as follows:
C 21 the coefficients of the innermost layer when probed with the second longitudinal electromagnetic probe are indicated.
When the third longitudinal electromagnetic probe is adopted for detection, the medium coefficient relation of each layer is as follows:
C 31 the coefficients of the innermost layer when probed with a third longitudinal electromagnetic probe are shown.
Through (16), (17) and(18) Solving for C 11 、C 21 And C 31 Substituting the magnetic field intensity in the z direction of the receiving coil measured by the first, the second and the third longitudinal electromagnetic probes into the magnetic field intensity (2) and respectively marking the magnetic field intensity as H z11 ，H z21 And H z31 。
Converting the frequency domain signal into the time domain signal by using the Gaver-stehfest inverse Laplace transformation mode, wherein the calculation formulas of the time domain induced electromotive force received by the receiving coil are respectively as follows:
wherein N is R Indicating the number of turns of the receiving coil, U i Representing the time-domain induced electromotive force received by the receiving coil of the ith probe.
The magnetic field intensity H of the receiving coil measured by the first, the second and the third longitudinal electromagnetic probes z11 ，H z21 And H z31 Substituting (19), the time domain induced electromotive forces of the receiving coils measured by the first, second and third longitudinal electromagnetic probes can be further obtained respectively:
it has been proved that the thickness of the metal pipe column and the time domain induced electromotive force in the receiving coil have a certain relation, but at present, no calculation formula for directly solving the thickness of the metal pipe column by the induced electromotive force exists, and the thickness of the metal pipe column is monotonically increased along with the increase of the amplitude of the induced electromotive force in any extremely small time slice by combining the theoretical relation of the induced electromotive force in the extremely small time slice and the thickness of the metal pipe column under ideal conditions, so that the thickness of the metal pipe column is obtained by adopting a theoretical model of the induced electromotive force in the receiving coil in the extremely small time slice as the basis of the thickness scale of the metal pipe column. (wherein δ is the set error threshold.)
(1) According to the empirical value range (0, x) of the first layer tubular thickness 1 )，By successive substitution +.>Is approximated to the measured induced electromotive force U 1 Value of->Make->And U 1 The error between is within a set error threshold, i.eThereby obtaining the nearest thickness of the first layer column +.>/>
(2) Thickness of the first layer of pipe columnInduced electromotive force model U substituted into longitudinal probe 2 2 And according to the empirical value range (0, x 2 )，/>Substituted successively->Is approximated to the measured induced electromotive force U 2 Value of->Make->And U 2 The error between them is within the set error threshold, i.e. +.>Obtaining the nearest thickness of the second layer column +.>
(3) Thickness of the resulting first and second layer columnsAnd->Induced electromotive force model U substituted into longitudinal probe 3 3 And according to the empirical value range (0, x 3 )，/>Substituted successively->Is approximated to the measured induced electromotive force U 3 Value of->Make->And U 3 The error between is within a set error threshold, i.eObtaining the nearest thickness of the third layer column +.>A specific calibration flow is shown with reference to fig. 11.
Referring to fig. 12, in this exemplary embodiment, the above detection method may perform a layered determination on a pipe body, and detect the pipe body at the next depth after the sleeve detection is completed at the current depth, so as to effectively improve the detection efficiency.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (12)
1. An array transient electromagnetic method multilayer tubular column damage detecting system, which is characterized by comprising:
the underground detection module is used for detecting and collecting detection data of the casing to be detected; the underground detection module comprises a plurality of detection pup joints which are connected in sequence;
the remote transmission short sections are connected with the underground detection module and are used for receiving control instructions of an upper computer, collecting detection data of the detection short sections and sending the detection data to the upper computer;
the upper computer is used for receiving the detection data sent by the telemetry nipple;
establishing a multi-layer tubular column medium model according to the detection data; the multi-layer pipe column medium model comprises pipe columns of all layers, and the conductivity, the magnetic permeability and the dielectric constant of the medium; the radius of each layer is recorded as r, and the actual thickness of each layer of pipe column is recorded as d;
acquiring an electromagnetic field of an active area of an electromagnetic probe transmitting coil in each detection short section based on the pipe column medium model, so as to acquire the electric field intensity and the magnetic field intensity of an rimless area of an electromagnetic probe receiving coil;
and carrying out Gaver-stehfest inverse Laplace transformation according to the internal magnetic field of the receiving coil of the electromagnetic probe to obtain the time domain induction electromotive force received by the receiving coil:
wherein: n (N) R Indicating the number of turns of the receiving coil, U i Representing the time domain induced electromotive force received by the receiving coil of the ith probe; the magnetic field inside the receiving coil of the electromagnetic probe is as follows:
wherein: c (C) 1 Represents the undetermined coefficient, z, of the innermost layer 0 Indicating the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, N T Indicating the number of turns of the transmitting coil, I T Represents the emission current, r 0 Indicating the radius of the transmitting coil, I 0 (. Cndot.) and K 0 (. Cndot.) represents the 0 th order modified Bessel functions of the first and second classes;
and taking a theoretical model of induced electromotive force in the receiving coil in a minimum time slice as a basis of the thickness scale of the tubular column, thereby obtaining the thickness of the tubular column.
2. The array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer tubular column damage detection system according to claim 1, wherein the detection nipple comprises a shell, and a transverse detection unit and a longitudinal detection unit which are arranged in the shell;
the transverse detection unit comprises two transverse electromagnetic probes which are mutually perpendicular and are axially perpendicular to the shell;
the longitudinal detection unit comprises a longitudinal electromagnetic probe which is axially parallel to the shell.
3. The array type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe column damage detection system according to claim 2, wherein,
and a mechanical framework for fixing the transverse electromagnetic probe and the longitudinal electromagnetic probe is arranged in the detection nipple shell.
4. The array type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe column damage detection system according to claim 2, wherein,
and two ends of the detection nipple shell are respectively provided with a joint positioning key and a positioning key slot matched with the joint positioning key.
5. The system for detecting damage to an array-type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe string of claim 4, wherein,
the joint positioning key and the positioning key groove are axially provided with an included angle along the shell.
6. The array-type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe string damage detection system of claim 1, wherein the telemetry sub comprises:
the remote transmission information processing module is used for receiving the control instruction of the upper computer, sending the control instruction to the detection pup joint, collecting and storing the detection data of each detection pup joint, and sending the detection data to the upper computer;
the temperature monitoring module is used for monitoring underground temperature information in real time;
the real-time positioning module is used for determining the real-time azimuth of the detection nipple;
and the underground power supply module is used for providing electric energy for the underground detection module and the telemetry sub.
7. The array type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe column damage detection system of claim 6, wherein,
the underground power supply module comprises a voltage stabilizing unit and two DC-DC power supply units connected with the voltage stabilizing unit.
8. The system for detecting damage to an array-type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer tubular column according to claim 1, wherein the damage detection system further comprises a transmission device for conveying the downhole detection module and a telemetry sub into a casing to be detected downhole; the transmission device includes: logging winch, single-core cable and headstall;
the logging winch is connected with the headstock, the telemetry nipple and the underground detection module sequentially through the single-core cable and is used for conveying the telemetry nipple and the underground detection module into the underground casing to be detected.
9. The array type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe column damage detection system according to claim 8, wherein an upper centralizer is arranged between the upper end of the telemetry sub and the headstock, and a lower centralizer is arranged at the lower end of the downhole detection module.
10. An array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer pipe column damage detection method, which is characterized by being applied to the array type transient electromagnetic method multilayer pipe column damage detection system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
receiving detection data of each detection nipple, and establishing a multi-layer tubular column medium model according to the detection data; the multi-layer pipe column medium model comprises pipe columns of all layers, and the conductivity, the magnetic permeability and the dielectric constant of the medium; the radius of each layer is recorded as r, and the actual thickness of each layer of pipe column is recorded as d;
acquiring an electromagnetic field of an active area of an electromagnetic probe transmitting coil in each detection short section based on the pipe column medium model, so as to acquire the electric field intensity and the magnetic field intensity of an rimless area of an electromagnetic probe receiving coil;
and carrying out Gaver-stehfest inverse Laplace transformation according to the internal magnetic field of the receiving coil of the electromagnetic probe to obtain the time domain induction electromotive force received by the receiving coil:
wherein: n (N) R Indicating the number of turns of the receiving coil, U i Representing the time domain induced electromotive force received by the receiving coil of the ith probe; the magnetic field inside the receiving coil of the electromagnetic probe is as follows:
wherein: c (C) 1 Represents the undetermined coefficient, z, of the innermost layer 0 Indicating the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, N T Indicating the number of turns of the transmitting coil, I T Represents the emission current, r 0 Indicating the radius of the transmitting coil, I 0 (. Cndot.) and K 0 (. Cndot.) represents the 0 th order modified Bessel functions of the first and second classes;
and taking a theoretical model of induced electromotive force in the receiving coil in a minimum time slice as a basis of the thickness scale of the tubular column, thereby obtaining the thickness of the tubular column.
11. The method for detecting damage to an array-type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe string according to claim 10, wherein,
the theoretical model of induced electromotive force in the receiving coil in the minimum time slice is used as the basis of the thickness scale of the pipe column, so that the thickness of the pipe column is obtained comprises the following steps:
according to the empirical value range (0, x) of the thickness of the nth layer column n )，By successive substitution +.>Is approximated to the measured induced electromotive force U n Value of->Make->And U n The error between is within a set error threshold, i.eThereby obtaining the nearest thickness +.>
12. The method for detecting damage to an array-type transient electromagnetic method multi-layer pipe string according to claim 10, wherein,
the multi-layer tubular column medium model takes the central point of the detecting nipple transmitting coil as the origin of coordinates, so that the receiving coil of the detecting nipple is positioned in the positive direction of the z-axis.
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| CN109085651B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-04-09 | 西安石油大学 | Method and system for detecting damage of downhole casing |
| CN111197471B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2022-03-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Transient electromagnetic detection calculation model and detection method for underground screen pipe |
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Inventor after: Xie Yan Inventor after: Dang Bo Inventor after: Yang Ling Inventor after: Wang Bin Inventor after: Dang Ruirong Inventor after: Feng Xudong Inventor after: Zhang Shenglin Inventor after: Chen Long Inventor after: Yang Liu Inventor before: Dang Bo Inventor before: Yang Ling Inventor before: Wang Bin Inventor before: Dang Ruirong Inventor before: Xie Yan Inventor before: Feng Xudong Inventor before: Zhang Shenglin Inventor before: Chen Long Inventor before: Yang Liu |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |