KR910001149B1 - Analarming device into each other - Google Patents

Abstract

The alarm generates alarm when the distance to the preceding car is short relative to its speed. The alarm comprises a speed sensor for sensing rotation speed of wheel by counting the number of pulses generated according to the speed of car, a calculator for calculating distance need to brake according to the sensed speed, a distance meter for measuring distance to the preceding car by measuring reflection time of ultrasonic and for converting time data to analog data, and an alarm means for comparing the distance needed to brake multiplied by one, two, and three with the distance to the preceding car so that alarm signal is generated in three steps.

Description

Vehicle crash alarm

1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2A is a detailed circuit diagram of the pulse generator for speed measurement in the first diagram of Fig. 2A, (b) for explaining the measurement of the distance to the vehicle ahead.

3a-i are signal waveform diagrams for the respective circuit parts of FIG.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: pulse generator 2: IOKHZ oscillator

3-5, 13, 20: counter 6, 7, 11, 12: multiplier

8: speed indicator 10, 24: digital-to-analog converter

14: 50KHZ Ultrasonic Oscillator 19: Flip-flop

21: Mutation register 22: Multiplexer.

The present invention relates to a warning device for preventing a collision of the vehicle, and more particularly, to a vehicle collision warning device for generating a warning sound when the distance to the vehicle ahead is short compared to its own traveling speed. In the related art, the safety distance between the vehicle and the vehicle is maintained only as the driver's sense, so when the vehicle maintains a high speed for a long time such as a highway, the driver loses the sense of speed and the risk of crash accident is very high. In particular, if the driver does not concentrate on driving and pays other attention, he / she loses the sense of driving braking and the risk of collision accident is very high. In addition, conventionally, when the vehicle driving speed is 80km / h or more, the driver may generate an alarm sound uniformly, but in fact, a collision accident may occur regardless of the driving speed, so it does not help to prevent a collision accident. there was.

In order to solve the above disadvantages, the present invention is to alert the driver to three levels of warning of the danger of collision if the safety distance with the vehicle ahead of the vehicle is maintained at its own speed, thereby preventing the driver from accidents. An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle collision warning device, which will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus of the present invention includes a self speed meter (a) consisting of a pulse generator (1), a 10 KHZ oscillator (2), a counter (3-5), a multiplier (6, 7), and a speed indicator (8). )Wow ; Braking distance calculator (b) consisting of ROM (9), digital-to-analog converter (10), 10KHZ oscillator (2), counters (3, 13, 20), 50KHZ ultrasonic oscillator (14), microphone (16), amplifier (17) ), A 40KHZ high pass filter (18), a flip-flop (19), a shift register (21), a multiplexer (22), a ROM (23), and a distance measurer (c) with a digital-to-analog converter (24) ; Configuration including a multiplier (11, 12), a comparator (C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ ), a light emitting diode (D ₁ , D ₂ ) and an alarm (d) consisting of a bell (BE), which will not be described herein. Reference numerals 15 and 35 are demultiplexers, 33 counters and 38 speed indicators.

Referring to the operation and effect of this configuration, first, the pulse generator 1 refers to the entire apparatus shown in FIG. 2A, and is a device for measuring the number of revolutions of the wheel itself.

As shown in FIG. 2a, a plurality of reflective mirrors 27 are attached to the mirror mounter 26 that rotates in association with the automobile wheel. When the light is reflected from the reflection mirror 27, the photodiode 28 is turned on.

Accordingly, the transistor Q is turned on, the signal is inverted by the inverter N connected to the collector thereof, and the output of the inverter N becomes high. The number of such pulses is the number of times that light is reflected from the reflective mirror 27 to the photodiode 28.

That is, the number of pulses per unit time of the output terminal A of the inverter N is proportional to the number of revolutions of the own wheels, that is, the speed of the own vehicle. For example, the wheel circumference is 2m, and the total number of reflection mirrors 27 attached to the mirror mounter 26 is 10, and the number of pulses of the output A of the inverter N during one second is 100 pulses. Suppose that the number of mirror passes per second is 100, the number of revolutions of the wheel every second is 100/10 = 10, the vehicle speed is 10 times / sec × 2m = 20m / sec, and the speed per hour is 20m / sec × 360sec / h = 72km / n.

In addition, the 10KHZ oscillator 2 and the counters 3 and 4 perform an operation of repeatedly operating the AND gate N ₁ by 10 msec. The output of the 10KHZ oscillator 2 is counted by the counter 3 and ANDed. Used in the gate N ₂ , the counter 13, and the like, the output of the counter 3 is again counted in the counter 4 and used for the reset ends of the AND gate N ₁ and the counter 5. For example, if the counter 3 is a 100-degree counter and the counter 4 is a 200 counter, the output of the counter 3 has a frequency of 0.1 KHZ, and the output of the counter 4 has a frequency of 0.5 HZ. It has a pulse waveform. That is, the output of the counter 4 is high for one second and low for another one second.

As soon as the output of the counter 4 becomes high, the counter 5 is reset, and while in the high state, the output of 1, i.e. the output A described above, goes to the counter 5 via the AND gate N ₁ . It is input and counted.

In other words, in this case, the number of pulses of the output A during one second is counted, and the coefficient becomes the output of (5). Therefore, the output of the counter 5 becomes a digital code signal corresponding to the number of times 100 that the reflective mirror 27 has passed each second in the previous example. The result of multiplying this value by the value corresponding to the wheel circumference length is the output of the multiplier 6, and in order to calculate the hourly speed in km / h, the multiplier 7 is multiplied by a certain number to multiply the multiplier 7 Is the output of.

The output waveform of each part in the above example is as follows.

On the other hand, the output of the multiplier 6 is a value proportional to the speed of the vehicle, which is input to the ROM 9 to obtain the output of the braking distance. The braking distance data, i.e., the output of the ROM 9, is converted into an analog signal by the digital-to-analog converter 10, amplified by three times in the multiplier 11, and amplified by two times in the multiplier 12, and then the comparator C _1. , C ₂ , C ₃ ) to be compared with the output of the digital-to-analog converter 24, which is distance data from the vehicle ahead.

As described above, the counter 3 outputs a pulse of 0.1 KHZ, and this output is used in three ways.

The first is the input of the AND gate (N ₂ ), so 100 high in 1 second, so power is supplied to the 50KHZ ultrasonic oscillator 14 once in 0.01 seconds, and as a result generates 100 times in 1 second. .

The second is the input of the demultiplexer 15, and by the action of the counter 13 described below, this output pulse is passed through the demultiplexer 15 into 32 modules of the counter A ₀ -A ₃₁ , respectively. It is sequentially input to the input terminals J ₁ -J ₃₁ of the included JK flip-flop.

That is, the first pulse is input to the flip-flop 19 in the counter A ₀ and the next pulse is input to the flip-flop in the counter A ₁ . When this pulse is input to the flip-flop, its output stage (Q ₀ ), etc., becomes high and allows the 10KHZ pulse, which is the output of the 10KHZ oscillator (2), to the counter (20) through the AND gate (N ₃ ). .

The third is the input of the counter 13, and each time this pulse is input, the output data of the counter 13 increases by one, and this increased data acts as an output address of the demultiplexer 15 to demultiplexer 15. The flip-flops of the counter (A ₀ -A ₃₁ ) can be input sequentially.

The 50KHZ ultrasonic oscillator 14 repeatedly oscillates ultrasonic waves only for the pulse width as shown in FIG. 3C. At the start of the oscillation, the first output J ₀ of the demultiplexer 15 is generated and applied to the input terminal J of the flip-flop 19 so that the flip-flop 19 is set so that the output Q ₀ becomes high. Therefore, the AND gate N ₃ is conducted.

At this time, a rising edge appears at the output Q ₀ of the flip-flop 19. From this point of time, the counter 20 counts the number of 10 KHZ pulses supplied through the AND gate N ₃ . The ultrasonic waves generated by the 50 KHZ ultrasonic oscillator 14 are then echoed to the front vehicle and received by the microphone 16, and amplified by the amplifier 17, through the 40 KHZ high pass filter 18, to the counter 33 and the demultiplexer 35. Is entered.

This is the same operation that the output of the counter 3 described above is input to the counter 13 and the demultiplexer 15, and the counter 33 increases by one each time an output pulse of the 40 KHZ high pass filter 18 is input. gives to change the address of the de-multiplexer 35 in sequence, and as a result 40KHZ output pulse counting device of the high-pass filter _{(18) (a 0 -A 31} ) input terminals (K ₀ -K ₃₁ of the JK flip-flop contained in the module of the ) Will be entered sequentially.

When this pulse is input to the flip-flop, the output of the flip-flop goes low and closes the AND gate (N ₃ ).

As a result, the input of the 10KHZ pulse, which is the output of the 10KHZ oscillator 2, to the counter 20 is stopped.

That is, the instant the Nth ultrasonic wave is emitted, the flip-flop output of the A _N counter module becomes high, and the instant of the input of the ultrasonic wave becomes low.

Therefore, the time that this output is high is the same as the time when the ultrasonic wave is emitted and echoed back. By measuring this time, the distance to the vehicle ahead can be known.

The measurement of this time can be known by counting the number of 10 KHZ pulses passing through the AND gate N ₃ during this time, so that the counted result of the counter 20 becomes a value proportional to the distance to the preceding car. .

This value is stored in the transition register 21 for a while and then input into the ROM 23 through the multiplexer 22 after 32 ultrasonic waves have been fired, i.e., one cycle ends.

In the ROM 23, a suitable number is multiplied by this counted result, and the value corresponding to the actual distance between the preceding cars is converted into a digital code, which is converted into an analog signal by the digital-to-analog converter 24, Each comparator is compared with one, two and three times the braking distance at (C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ ).

On the other hand, the output data of the multiplexer 22, that is, digital data proportional to the distance to the front vehicle, is input to the speed indicator 38 for displaying the front vehicle interval, so as to find out how much distance the driver maintains with the front vehicle. To help.

In the present invention, the measurement time T is set to 320 msec, and the distance X with the vehicle ahead is measured every 10 msec. Therefore, the demultiplexer 15, the multiplexer 22, the flip-flop 19, and the AND gate N ₃ are measured. ), A plurality of counter devices (A ₀ -A ₃₁ ) composed of the counter 20 and the shift register 21 are provided as described above (for example, 32).

The reason for using 32 modules here is because it is unknown how long it takes for the ultrasound to return.

That is, when the distance between vehicles takes a long time, and when it is close, it takes a short time, the interval of emitting the ultrasonic wave is a constant short time (0.01 seconds in the illustrative example of the present invention), so the time that is echoed from the various counters If you do not measure the error, the data is mixed together to prevent errors.

As described above, the comparators C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ divide the braking distance into three equal parts (one, two, and three times) to generate a three-stage alarm by comparing the distance with the current vehicle.

That is, the comparator (C ₁ , C ₂ ,) lights up the light emitting diodes (D ₁ , D ₂ ) to give a visual alarm and when the vehicle enters the safety distance, the comparator (C ₃ ) is operated to close the bell (BE). To generate the final alarm sound.

In addition, in FIG. 2a, the mirror mounter 26 generates a pulse as shown in FIG. 3a as the wheel rotates.

Since the AND gate (N ₁ ) is opened and closed every 10 msec by the 10KHZ oscillator (2) and the counters (3, 4), if 100 mirrors (27) are attached to the mirror mounter (26), 100 pulses are rotated every one revolution of the wheel. Is generated, and the output of the AND gate N ₁ generated for 10 msec is equal to the number of revolutions for 1 second.

The number of pulses is counted by the counter 5, the number M is multiplied by the circumferential length L of the wheel and the multiplier 6, and the traveling distance per second is calculated in cm. The multiplier 7 multiplies the travel distance by 3.6 to calculate the speed in units of km / h and displays the current vehicle traveling speed on the speed indicator 8. In this case, 3.6 is 3600 seconds per hour, and since the traveling distance is calculated in cm, the conversion is in km / h.

On the other hand, when the pulse becomes '0' as shown in FIG. 3C, the counter 5 is reset to count the next number of pulses.

The speed calculated by the multiplier 6 is input to the ROM 9, and the braking distance is outputted in its binary number at the speed, and converted by the digital-to-analog converter 10 into a voltage Y representing the braking distance.

In addition, what is necessary is just to store standard measurement data in this ROM9, and various data can also be put as needed.

The AND gate N ₂ is opened during the pulse width at which the pulse of FIG. 3B becomes high, so that ultrasonic waves of 50 KHZ are oscillated. When the pulses oscillate one by one, the demultiplexer 15 is addressed by the counter 13, and the output terminals J ₀ , J ₁ , J ₂ .... J ₃₁ are sequentially excited in the order of the pulses. Then goes back to '0'.

As soon as the 0 th pulse is output, a pulse like the third e diagram is supplied to the flip-flop 19 so that the flip-flop 19 is set, so that the output Q ₀ of the flip-flop 19 becomes high and the AND gate (N _3). ) Opens. Assume that the instant when the output Q ₀ becomes 1 as shown in FIG. 3g is t ₀ , the ultrasonic wave oscillated in the ultrasonic oscillator 14 oscillated in the 50KHZ ultrasonic oscillator 14 is reflected by the preceding vehicle as shown in FIG. 2b. Detected by the microphone 16 and amplified by the amplifier 17, only the ultrasonic component is taken out by the 40 KHZ high pass filter 18 to be a pulse as shown in FIG. (The 40KHZ high-pass filter here takes into account the Doppler effect.)

When a pulse of 0 'is supplied in FIG. 3h, the flip-flop 19 in the counter A ₀ is reset so that the output Q ₀ becomes 0, and this time becomes t ₀ in FIG. 3g.

Since the AND gate N ₃ is in the driving state during the time t between the times t ₀ -t ₀ , a pulse as shown in FIG. 3i passes, and the number of the pulses is counted by the counter 20 and then shifted. After being stored in the register 21 and the pulse of FIG. 3b, 320 msec passes and is output by the multiplexer 22.

In FIG. 3g, the time t is the time taken for the '0'th ultrasonic wave to be emitted and returned, so the distance (before 32 msec) with the previous car can be known by counting the number of pulses passed during the time. On the other hand, the second pulse is output to the output (J ₁ ), the input pulse returned by the reflection of the second pulse is output to the output (K ₁ ).

This is to measure the distance to the vehicle in front of every 10msec. If you don't use this method, the distance is measured once every 320msec (about every 1/3 sec.). . The number N of 10KHZ pulses outputted after 320 msec after the oscillation time is inputted to the ROM 23, outputted as a binary number of the distance between the vehicle ahead, and then the voltage indicating the distance through the digital-to-analog converter 24 ( Changes to X).

The braking distance y output from the digital-to-analog converter 10 is amplified by three times in the multiplier 11 and then compared with the voltage X representing the distance as described above in the comparator C ₁ , so When the distance from the vehicle ahead of the braking distance 3y, which is double, is short, the light emitting diode D1 lights up.

In addition, in the multiplier 12, it is amplified twice and then compared with the voltage X in the comparator C _2. If the difference interval is less than the braking distance 2y, both the light emitting diodes D ₁ and D ₂ are lit. At last, when the car distance is smaller than the braking distance, the bell sounds and the driver is alerted.

As described above, according to the present invention, when the distance between the vehicle and the front vehicle is less than the braking distance by the current vehicle traveling speed, an alarm is generated so that the driver can be alerted to prevent the collision accident. It can be seen at its own speed.

Claims (4)

Self speed measuring means (a) for measuring the number of revolutions of the own wheels by the number of pulses output per unit time proportional to the speed of the own vehicle; Braking distance calculating means (b) for converting a braking distance data into an analog signal with a proportional value of the vehicle speed output from the self speed measuring means (a); Distance measuring means (c) with the front car to measure the distance from the front car by measuring the time when the ultrasonic wave is reflected and returned; The analog signal value corresponding to the distance between the braking distance detected by the braking distance calculation means (b), 1x, 2x and 3x, and the actual vehicle ahead is divided into three stages. Vehicle collision warning device consisting of an alarm means (e) for generating a warning indication and a warning sound. 2. The self speed means (a) comprises a pulse generator (10) for generating pulses per unit time proportional to the speed of the vehicle, a 10 kHz oscillator (2) for generating a 10 kHz oscillation frequency, and 100 and 200 digits. Counter (3) and (4) for counting operation, counter (5) for reset operation when the output of counter (4) is high, digital code output signal and wheel circumference length of counter (5) A speed multiplier 6 multiplying a value corresponding to the multiplier, a multiplier 7 multiplying a predetermined value by the output of the multiplier 6 to calculate a speed per hour, and a speed indicator displaying an output value of the multiplier 7 as a speed. Vehicle collision warning device composed of (8). 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the distance measuring means (c) of the preceding vehicle includes a counter (13) for counting the output pulse of the counter (3) to a predetermined value, and a demultiplexer (15) for receiving the counter (3) output. ), A 50KHZ ultrasonic oscillator 14 for generating 50KHZ ultrasonic waves, a microphone 16 for receiving a signal emitted and reflected from the 50KHZ ultrasonic oscillator 14, and amplifying the microphone 16 output to a predetermined value. A flip-flop that outputs a low and high signal by receiving an amplifier 17, a 40KHZ high pass filter 18 for passing only a predetermined high frequency of the output of the amplifier 17, and an output pulse of the demultiplexer 15. 19) and, to proportion the output of the aND gate (N ₃₎ and said aND gates (N ₃₎ to the logical output of the output and the 10KHZ oscillator (2) in the flip-flop 19 to the distance to the preceding car The counter 20 counting by a value and the output value of the counter 20 ROM 21 for receiving the ultrasonic signal from the register 21 and the shift register 21 on the side to be stored poeticly through the multiplexer 22 and converting it into a digital code having a value corresponding to the distance between the actual front difference ( 23) and a digital analog converter (24) for converting the digital output of the ROM (23) into an analog signal and outputting it as a reference signal of the alarm means (e). The multiplier according to claim 1, wherein the alarm means (e) multiplies the analog output values of the braking distance calculation means (b) by three and two times, respectively, and the multiplier (11), ( A comparator (C ₁ ), (C ₂ ), (C ₃ ), which compares the output of 12) and the output of the braking distance calculating means (b) with the reference output of the distance measuring means (c) of the preceding vehicle, respectively, and the comparator A vehicle crash vehicle warning device comprising a light emitting diode (D ₁ , D ₂ ) and a bell (BE) which are selectively operated according to the output of (C ₁ ), (C ₂ ), and (C ₃ ).

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