KR20170036628A - Systems and methods for generating and transmitting wireless power transmission waves - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments disclosed in the present specification can generate and transmit power waves which, as a result of physical waveform characteristics (e.g., frequency, amplitude, phase, gain, direction) of the power waves, converge at a predetermined location in a transmission field to generate a pocket of energy. A receiver associated with an electronic device being powered by a wireless charging system, can extract energy from pockets of energy, and then convert the energy into usable power for the electronic device associated with the receiver. The pockets of energy can manifest as a three-dimensional field (e.g., transmission field) where energy can be harvested by a receiver positioned within or nearby the pocket of energy.

Description

[0001] SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR GENERATING AND TRANSMITTING WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION WAVES [0002]

The present application relates generally to wireless charging systems and the hardware and software components used in such systems.

Numerous attempts have been made to transmit energy wirelessly to electronic devices in which the receiver device can utilize the transmission and convert it into electrical energy. However, most conventional techniques can not transmit energy at any significant distance. For example, self resonance provides power to the device, without requiring the electronic device to be wired to the power resonator. However, the electronic device needs to be placed close to the coil of the power resonator (e.g. in a magnetic field). Other conventional solutions may not consider user mobility for a user charging mobile devices, or such a solution does not allow devices to fall outside of a narrow window of operability.

Wirelessly powering a remote electronic device requires a means for identifying the location of the electronic device within the transmission field of the power transfer device. Conventional systems typically attempt to place the electronic device in close proximity and thus require charging in a large coffee house, house, office building or other three-dimensional space where, for example, electrical devices can potentially move up and down There is no ability to identify and map the spectrum of a usable device. There is also a need for a system for managing power wave generation for directional and power output modulation. Because many conventional systems do not consider a wide range of movement of the electronic devices they serve, there is a need for means to dynamically and accurately track electronic devices that can be serviced by the power transmission devices.

Wireless power transmission needs to meet certain regulatory requirements. These devices that transmit radio energy need to comply with electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure protection standards for humans or other organisms. Maximum exposure limits are defined by the US and European standards in terms of power density limits and electrical field limits (and magnetic field limits). Some of these restrictions are established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE), and some restrictions are established by European regulatory agencies for exposure to radiation. The restrictions established by the FCC for MPE are codified in 47 CFR §1.1310. For EMF frequencies in the microwave range, power density can be used to indicate the intensity of the exposure. The power density is defined as the power per unit area. For example, the power density can typically be expressed in terms of watts per square meter (W / m ² ), milliwatts per square centimeter (mW / cm ² ) or micro watts per square centimeter (μW / cm ² ) have.

Accordingly, it is desirable to properly operate the system and method for wireless power transmission to meet these regulatory requirements. There is a need for a means for wireless power transmission incorporating several safety technologies to ensure that humans or other organisms in the transmission field are not exposed to EMF energy approaching or exceeding regulatory limits or other nominal limits. There is a need for means for monitoring and tracking objects in the transmission field in real time and means for controlling the generation of a power wave to adaptively adjust to the environment in the transmission field.

Disclosed herein is a system and method for addressing the drawbacks in the art, which may provide additional or alternative advantages. The embodiments disclosed herein are directed to a method and apparatus for generating a power wave that converges to a predetermined position in a transmission field to generate a pocket of energy as a result of physical waveform characteristics (e.g., frequency, amplitude, phase, gain, Generated and transmitted. A receiver associated with an electronic device powered by a wireless charging system may extract energy from the pockets of these energies and convert the energy to the available power for the electronic device associated with the receiver. The pocket of energy appears as a three-dimensional field (e.g., a transmission field) in which energy can be acquired within the energy pocket or near the energy pocket. In some embodiments, the transmitter may perform adaptive pocket formation by adjusting transmission of power waves to adjust power levels or avoid certain objects based on sensor data output from the sensors. Techniques may be employed to identify the receivers in the transmission field to determine where the pockets of energy should be formed and where the power waves should be transmitted. This technique may result in heat-map data in the form of mapping data that may be stored in a mapping memory for later reference or computation. The sensors can generate sensor data that can identify areas where the power wave should avoid. The sensor data may be in the form of additional or alternative mapping data, which may be stored in a mapping memory for future reference or computation.

In one embodiment, the processor-implemented method further comprises generating a transmit field to transmit one or more power waves based on the heat-map data from the sensor signal from the sensor representing the avoidance region and the communication signal representing the region including the receiver, The transmitter determining the position within the transmitter; And transmitting the one or more power waves into the transmission field based on the location where the one or more power waves converge.

In yet another embodiment, a processor-implemented method comprises: in response to a transmitter receiving sensor data from one or more sensors, the transmitter identifying a location of a sensing object in a transmission field based on sensor data; In response to receiving a feedback signal from a receiver indicating a position of a receiver in a transmission field, the transmitter determines a pocket position in a transmission field that is at least proximate to a position of a receiver and exceeds a threshold distance from a position of the sensing field; And wherein the transmitter comprises transmitting one or more power waves to a pocket location within the transmission field.

In yet another embodiment, a system includes a sensor configured to detect a sensing object in a transmission field and generate sensor data representative of the location of the sensing object, and a communication component configured to communicate the one or more communication signals with the one or more receivers A transmitter that identifies the location of the sensing object in the transmission field when receiving sensor data from the sensor and transmits a feedback communication signal indicative of the position of the receiver in the transmission field in response to a transmitter receiving from the receiver The pocket position in the field - the pocket position is above the threshold distance from the position of the sensing object and is at least close to the position of the receiver, and is configured to transmit one or more power waves to the pocket position in the transmission field.

In yet another embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes receiving from a transmitter a communication signal indicative of one or more characteristics of one or more power waves transmitted by a transmitter, the at least one characteristic being a power level for one or more power waves The communication component of the user device receiving; Identify the amount of energy received from the one or more power waves at a user device located at a receiver location; The pocket location for the pocket of energy - the pocket location is where the one or more power waves with one or more characteristics converge in the transmission field; And a user interface having a user interface having an indicator that indicates the direction relative to the pocket position relative to the receiver position when the pocket position has a higher power level than the receiver position.

In another embodiment, a user device comprises a wireless communication component configured to receive a communication signal from a transmitter, the communication signal including one or more parameters indicative of one or more characteristics for one or more power waves; One or more antennas configured to collect power from a pocket of energy formed by one or more power waves converging at a pocket location; A user interface having an indicator that identifies an amount of energy received from the one or more power waves based on the one or more parameters received in the communication signal, determines a pocket position, and indicates a direction relative to the pocket position relative to the receiver position And a receiver processor configured to generate and display the received signal.

In yet another embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes transmitting a low power wave to each of a plurality of segments in a transmit field; In response to a transmitter from the receiver receiving a communication signal comprising data indicative of a segment included in the receiver, the transmitter transmitting one or more power waves configured to converge in a segment comprising the receiver.

A computer-implemented method, wherein a transmitter device transmits a communication signal with one or more power waves, wherein the communication signal comprises a first set of transmission parameters defining one or more characteristics of the one or more power waves into a transmission field associated with the transmitter device and; In response to a transmitter receiving device data indicative of the position of a receiver in a transmission field via a communication signal from a receiver device, the transmitter device transmits a second transmission parameter set to a sub-segment of the transmission field according to the device data, The parameter set defining one or more characteristics of one or more of the power waves; A transmitter device comprising: one or more refined properties for one or more power waves, based on a set of one or more refined parametes defining one or more refined properties; a refined property based on refined position data received from a receiver device The parameters indicating a refined position in the sub-segment; Wherein the transmitter device generates one or more refined power waves having one or more refined characteristics according to a set of refined parameters; The transmitter includes transmitting one or more refined power waves into a sub-segment of the transmission field to form an energy pocket at the refined location.

In yet another embodiment, a wireless power system includes: a mapping memory having a non-transient machine-readable storage medium configured to store one or more receiver records containing data for one or more receivers; The transmitter comprising: an antenna array configured to transmit a probe power wave into one or more segments of a transmit field; Transmitting a set of parameters indicative of one or more characteristics of a probe power wave transmitted into each segment to each segment of a transmission field and receiving position data indicating that the receiver is within a first segment from a receiver device at a location within the first segment A communication component configured to transmit to the sub-segment of the first segment a second set of parameters indicative of one or more refined characteristics of a second probe power wave transmitted to the sub-segment; Determining one or more characteristics for a probe wave based on one or more parameters for each segment of the transmit field, determining, upon receipt of the first segment position data from the receiver, one or more refined characteristics for a second probe power wave Lt; / RTI >

In another embodiment, a device-imple- mentation method comprises receiving, by a transmitter, a communication signal over a communication channel, the communication signal comprising one or more parameters identifying a first location of a receiver in a transmission field associated with the transmitter; The transmitter stores one or more parameters for the receiver in a mapping memory having a non-transient machine-readable storage medium configured to store one or more parameters based on the one or more parameters, Transmit one or more power waves to a first location; Upon receiving one or more updated parameters from the receiver, the transmitter comprises transmitting one or more power waves to a second location in accordance with the one or more updated parameters.

In another embodiment, a wireless charging system comprises: a mapping memory database hosted in a non-transient machine-readable storage medium configured to store one or more records of one or more locations within a transport field associated with one or more transmitters; A transmitter configured to receive a communication signal from a receiver comprising one or more parameters identifying a first location of the receiver; To transmit one or more power waves to a first location in a transmission field and to transmit one or more updated power parameters to a second location in a transmission field according to one or more updated parameters upon receipt of the one or more updated parameters And an antenna array having one or more antennas configured.

In yet another embodiment, a device-implemented method comprises transmitting a probe in a first segment of a transmission field in which the transmitter comprises a plurality of segments; Segment of the first segment including the receiver if the receiver receives a communication signal from the receiver indicating that it has received the probe in the sub-segment of the first segment.

In another embodiment, the method includes transmitting a communication signal and a probe power wave for each segment in a transmission field sequentially to a plurality of segments of a transmission field, wherein a communication signal transmitted in each segment is transmitted The data representing each segment being included; Upon receipt of a response message from a receiver in a first location within a first segment of a transmission field, the transmitter transmits a communication signal and a search power wave for each sub-segment in the first segment to one or more sub- - the communication signal transmitted to each sub-segment comprises data representing each sub-segment to which the exploration power wave is transmitted; The transmitter determining a set of one or more characteristics of one or more power waves for transmission to a receiver in a first location; And wherein the transmitter generates one or more power waves having one or more characteristics.

In another embodiment, a wireless charging system comprises: a mapping database having a non-transient machine-readable storage medium configured to store one or more records of one or more receivers in a transmission field; The transmitter comprising: an array of one or more antennas configured to transmit one or more power waves having one or more characteristics in accordance with a transmitter processor; A communication component configured to communicate one or more communication signals with one or more receivers according to a transmitter processor; Wherein the transmitter processor causes the transmitter to sequentially transmit a communication signal and a probe power wave for each segment in the transmission field to a plurality of segments of the transmission field, The data including data indicative of each segment in which the power wave is transmitted; Upon receipt of a response message from a receiver at a first location in a first segment of the transmission field, the communication signal for each sub-segment in the first segment and the exploration power wave are sequentially transmitted to one or more sub-segments of the first segment - the communication signal transmitted to each sub-segment includes data representing each sub-segment to which the exploration power wave is transmitted; Determine a set of one or more characteristics of one or more power waves for transmission to a receiver in a first location; And to generate one or more power waves having one or more characteristics.

In yet another embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes receiving a communication signal and a probe power wave from a transmitter device requesting a feedback communication signal based on a probe power wave; The receiver receiving a feedback communication signal comprising data indicative of the position of the receiver relative to the transmitter within the transmission field; The receiver receiving a second communication signal and a second probe power wave requesting a second feedback communication signal based on the second probe power wave; Wherein the receiver comprises transmitting a second feedback communication signal comprising data indicative of a relatively more precise location of the receiver relative to the transmitter within the transmission field.

In another embodiment, a receiver device includes: an antenna array having one or more antennas configured to receive one or more power waves and to capture energy from one or more power waves; A communication component configured to receive one or more communication signals from a transmitter; And a receiver processor, the receiver processor receiving a communication signal and a probe power wave from the transmitter device requesting a feedback communication signal based on the probe power wave; Transmitting a feedback communication signal comprising data indicative of the position of the receiver relative to the transmitter within the transmission field; Receive a second communication signal and a second probe power wave requesting a second feedback communication signal based on a second probe power wave; Instructs the receiver to transmit a second feedback communication signal comprising data indicative of a relatively more precise location of the receiver relative to the transmitter within the transmission field.

In yet another embodiment, a method for wireless power transmission includes receiving data representing the presence of an electrical device by at least one sensor in communication with a transmitter; The transmitter determining whether the electrical device is a designated receiver to receive power from the transmitter in accordance with data stored in the record stored in the database; If it is determined that the electrical device is designated to receive power from the transmitter, then the transmitter has one or more power waves transmitted to the electrical device, wherein the one or more power waves are transmitted to form one or more energy pockets at a location associated with the electrical device To converge in a three-dimensional space.

In yet another embodiment, a transmitter for wireless power transmission includes at least two antennas; A controller that is broadcast by a transmitter via at least two antennas and is configured to control power waves converging in a three-dimensional space to form one or more energy pockets; A database operably coupled to the controller and including identification information for the device that is designated to receive power from the transmitter; At least one sensor configured to sense the presence of an electrical device and communicate data indicative of the presence of the electrical device to the controller, wherein the controller is configured to determine the presence of the electrical device to determine whether the device is designated to receive power from the transmitter And if the device is designated to receive power from the transmitter, the transmitter may be configured to generate a plurality of energy pockets to form one or more energy pockets that the electric device receives to charge the electric device or to power the electric device. A power wave converging in a dimensional space is broadcast through at least two antennas.

A method for wireless power transmission comprising: obtaining data indicative of the presence of an electrical device by at least one sensor in communication with a transmitter; The transmitter matching the data indicative of the presence of the electrical device to the identification information for the device designated to receive power from the transmitter; The transmitter includes transmitting power waves converging in a three-dimensional space to form one or more energy pockets to charge the electrical device or to power the electrical device.

In yet another embodiment, a device-implemented method includes receiving a device tag from a tagging device, the device tag including data representing a first location of a first receiver device; The transmitter determining one or more characteristics of the one or more power waves for transmission to the first receiver device based on the first location indicated by the device tag; The transmitter comprises transmitting one or more power waves having one or more characteristics to a first location indicated by the device tag.

In another embodiment, the system comprises: a mapping memory configured to store one or more records of one or more receivers, each record including data indicative of the location of the receiver; The tagging data for the receiver being configured to generate data indicating the location of the receiver and instructions for causing one or more transmitters to transmit one or more power waves to a location of the receiver, Wow; And a transmitter having an array of antennas configured to transmit one or more power waves to a location of the receiver indicated by the device tag for the receiver in the memory database.

In yet another embodiment, the system includes a transmitter configured to receive sensor data from a sensor device coupled to the transmitter, determine whether the sensor data identifies the evasive object, and transmit one or more power waves to avoid the object do.

In yet another embodiment, a method for wireless power transmission is provided to form one or more energy pockets at predetermined locations received by an antenna element of a receiver configured to obtain power from one or more first energy pockets at a predetermined location The transmitter transmits power waves converging in a three-dimensional space; At least one sensor communicating data indicative of the presence of an organism or sensing object to the transmitter; Acquiring information related to the location of an organism or sensing object based on data indicative of the presence of an organism or a surveillance object; Determining whether the transmitter will adjust the power level of the power waves converging in the three-dimensional space to form one or more first energy pockets at predetermined locations in response to information related to the location of the organism or sensing object.

In yet another embodiment, a transmitter for wireless power transmission includes at least two antennas; A controller for controlling power waves that are broadcast by the transmitter through at least two antennas and that converge in a three-dimensional space to form one or more energy pockets at a predetermined location received by the antenna of the receiver; A transmitter housing including at least two antennas; At least one sensor disposed on the transmitter housing for sensing the presence of an organism or sensing object and communicating data relating to the presence of the organism or sensing object to the controller, Determines whether to adjust the power level of the power waves converging in the three-dimensional space to form one or more energy pockets in a predetermined position in response.

In another embodiment, a method for wireless transmission is characterized in that the transmitter transmits power waves converging in a three-dimensional space such that the antenna element of the receiver receives one or more energy pockets at a predetermined location received by the transmitter, Acquiring power from one or more energy pockets in the at least one energy pocket; Data representing the presence of an organism or a sensing object is obtained by a plurality of sensors communicating with the transmitter; The transmitter acquiring information related to an organism or a sensing object based on data indicative of the presence of the organism or sensing object; If data relating to the presence of an organism or a sensing object indicates that the organism or sensing object is proximate to the three-dimensional space at a predetermined location, then the transmitter is configured to determine the power converging in the three-dimensional space to form one or more energy pockets at a predetermined location At least reducing the power level of the waves.

In another embodiment, a method for wireless power transmission includes comparing a receiver position with a path of one or more power waves having a stored location of an entity to be excluded from receiving power waves, The transmitter determines whether to transmit power waves; If the entity to be excluded is not at the receiver location and determines that it is not in its path, then the transmitter has one or more power waves transmitted to converge at the receiver location.

In another embodiment, a transmitter for wireless power transmission comprises at least two antennas; A database operatively coupled to the controller and including a stored location indicating a location within a transmission field for an entity to be excluded from receiving one or more power waves; Wherein the controller is configured to control one or more power waves that are broadcast by a transmitter through at least two antennas and that converge in a three dimensional space to form one or more energy pockets at a receiver location, If it is determined that the stored location for the entity to be excluded when being transmitted is at the receiver location or within the path of one or more power waves and that the entity to be excluded is not within the path to the receiver location or to the receiver location, .

In yet another embodiment, a method for wireless power transmission comprises: receiving from a transmitter a device tag comprising data indicative of a first location of an entity to be excluded from receiving power waves; The transmitter determining a second position of the receiver and a path of one or more power waves to the receiver; Determine by the transmitter whether the first location indicated by the device tag is the same as the second location or in the path of one or more power waves; If the first location is not the same as the second location, or is not in the path of one or more power waves, the transmitter has to transmit one or more power waves.

In yet another embodiment, a method in a wireless power transmission system includes: determining by a transmitter one or more parameters represented by sensor data and mapping data; Determine the output frequency of the one or more power waves based on the one or more parameters; Selecting one or more antennas in the one or more antenna arrays of the transmitter based on the spacing between the one or more parameters and the one or more antennas in each of the one or more antenna arrays; And transmitting the one or more power waves using the output frequency and the selected antenna.

In yet another embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission comprises one or more transmitters, each of the one or more transmitters comprising: one or more antenna arrays; Each of the one or more antenna arrays having one or more antennas configured to transmit power waves and wherein the microprocessor is further configured to generate an energy pocket based on one or more parameters to form an energy pocket to power the electronic device, To select one or more additional transmitters, to vary the output frequency of power waves, to vary the selection of antennas within one or more antenna arrays, or to adjust the spacing between one or more antennas within each of the one or more antenna arrays And is configured to control the transmission of power waves.

In yet another embodiment, a method for wireless power transmission comprises: determining one or more transmission parameters based on mapping data and sensor data; The transmitter determining one or more characteristics of power waves corresponding to one or more transmission parameters, the one or more characteristics including amplitude and frequency; One or more power waves having one or more characteristics according to one or more transmission parameters; the one or more power waves being a non-continuous waveform; The waveform generator of the transmitter adjusts the frequency and amplitude of one or more power waves based on one or more updates to one or more transmission parameters corresponding to one or more characteristics of the one or more power waves.

In yet another embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission comprises one or more transmitters configured to determine one or more power parameters based on mapping data and sensor data, each of the one or more transmitters configured to transmit power waves One or more antenna arrays; Wherein each of the one or more antenna arrays comprises one or more antennas, the one or more power waves are non-continuous waveforms, and the waveform generator is configured to generate one or more power waves based on one or more transmission parameters And is further configured to adjust the increasing and decreasing amplitude and frequency.

In yet another embodiment, a method for wireless power transmission includes receiving positional data for a location associated with one or more objects in a transmission field of a transmitter; The transmitter transmitting one or more power waves to converge to form an energy pocket at a target electronic device location; And transmitting the one or more power waves to converge to form a null space at the location of one or more objects.

In yet another embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission comprises one or more transmitters, each of the one or more transmitters having one or more antenna arrays, wherein each of the one or more antenna arrays has one And one or more antennas for transmitting one or more power waves to create a null space at a predetermined location based on the received location data that is within the transmission field of the transmitters.

In yet another embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission comprises one or more transmitters, each of the one or more transmitters having one or more antenna arrays configured to transmit one or more power waves, 1 antenna is disposed a predetermined distance from the second antenna of the second antenna array so that one or more power waves transmitted by the plurality of antennas can be directed to form an energy pocket to power the target electronic device , The transmitter is configured to determine a distance between the first antenna and the second antenna based on the one or more parameters received in the communication signal from the target electronic device.

In yet another embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission comprises a transmitter, wherein the transmitter comprises: one or more antenna arrays; Each of the one or more antenna arrays having a plurality of antennas, each of the antennas configured to transmit one or more power waves, and wherein the microprocessor is configured to direct one or more power waves to direct energy pockets Wherein the first set of antennas is selected from a plurality of antennas based on a distance between the antennas of the first set of antennas.

In yet another embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission comprises a transmitter, wherein the transmitter comprises at least two antenna arrays; Wherein each of the at least two antenna arrays includes at least one row or at least one column of antennas configured to transmit one or more power waves, Wherein the first array of at least two arrays is arranged in a first plane and the first plane is arranged to control the transmission of power waves in the second plane within the three- Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 2 < / RTI >

In yet another embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission comprises a transmitter, the transmitter having one or more antennas configured to transmit one or more power waves forming an energy pocket to power a target electronic device, The above antennas are disposed on a non-planar shaped antenna array surface of a three-dimensional array selected from the group consisting of concave and convex shapes.

In yet another embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission comprises a transmitter, wherein the transmitter comprises one or more antennas configured to transmit one or more power waves, wherein the one or more antennas are selected from the group consisting of concave and convex shapes Planar shaped antenna array surface, wherein the one or more antennas are disposed at a depth of between 3 and 6 inches between each other such that one or more power waves transmitted by each of the one or more antennas are directed to a target electron It can be directed to form an energy pocket to power the device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention. The present disclosure will become more fully understood by reference to the following drawings. The components in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon the principles of the present disclosure.
1 is a diagram illustrating the components of an exemplary wireless charging system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary method for a transmitter to position a receiver within a transmission field, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
3 is a diagram illustrating components of a wireless charging system that tracks and updates mapping data for a transmission field of an exemplary system that implements an exemplary method of positioning a receiver in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless power system employing heat-mapping to identify receivers, in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary method of wirelessly transmitting power, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
6 is a diagram illustrating steps of wireless power transmission using a sensor, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
7 is a diagram illustrating steps of wireless power transmission using a sensor, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
8 is a diagram illustrating steps of wireless power transmission using a sensor, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
9 is a diagram illustrating steps of wireless power transmission using a sensor, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
10 is a diagram illustrating generation of energy pockets for powering one or more electronic devices in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
11 is a diagram illustrating generation of energy pockets in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
12 is a graphical representation of the formation of an energy pocket in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
13 is a diagram illustrating a method of forming an energy pocket for one or more devices in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
14A is a diagram illustrating a waveform for forming an energy pocket in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
14B is a diagram illustrating a waveform for forming an energy pocket in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
15 is a diagram illustrating a method for generating a waveform in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
16 is a diagram illustrating the formation of a null space in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
17 is a diagram illustrating a method of forming a null space in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
18 is a diagram illustrating an array of antennas in an antenna array of a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
19 is a diagram illustrating an array of multiple antenna arrays in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
20 is a diagram illustrating an array of multiple antenna arrays in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
21 is a diagram illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
22A and 22B are diagrams illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
22C is a graph illustrating the size of an energy pocket due to the antenna array configuration shown in Figs. 22A and 22B in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
23A and 23B are diagrams illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
Figure 23C is a graph illustrating the size of the energy pocket due to the antenna array configuration shown in Figures 23A and 23B in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
24A and 24B are diagrams illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
Figure 24C is a graph illustrating the size of an energy pocket due to the antenna array configuration shown in Figures 24A and 24B in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
25A and 25B are views showing an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment.
25C is a graph illustrating the size of an energy pocket due to the antenna array configuration shown in Figs. 25A and 25B in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
26A and 26B are diagrams illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
Figure 26C is a graph illustrating the size of an energy pocket due to the antenna array configuration shown in Figures 26A and 26B in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
27A and 27B are diagrams illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment.
Figure 27C is a graph illustrating the size of an energy pocket due to the antenna array configuration shown in Figures 27A and 27B in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
28A and 28B are diagrams illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
Figure 28C is a graph illustrating the size of an energy pocket due to the antenna array configuration shown in Figures 28A and 28B in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
29A and 29B are diagrams illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
29C is a graph illustrating the size of an energy pocket due to the antenna array configuration shown in FIGS. 29A and 29B in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
30 is a diagram illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment.
31 is a diagram illustrating an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment.
32 is a diagram illustrating a method of forming an energy pocket in a wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment.

The present disclosure is described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, which form a part hereof. Other embodiments may be utilized and / or other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. The illustrated embodiments described in the Detailed Description are not intended to limit the subject matter set forth herein.

Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific terminology may be used herein to describe the same. However, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Additional and additional modifications of the inventive features described herein, as well as additional applications of the principles of the invention described herein, which may occur to those skilled in the art having the present disclosure, should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention .

Refers to a device that includes a chip capable of generating and transmitting one or more power waves (e.g., radio-frequency (RF) waves), thereby causing at least one RF wave Is phase shifted and gain adjusted for the other RF waves, and virtually all of the waves pass through one or more antennas so that the focused RF waves are directed to the target. A "receiver" refers to a device that includes at least one antenna, at least one rectifier circuit, and at least one power converter, and may utilize an energy pocket to power or charge the electronic device. "Pocket-forming" refers to generating one or more RF waves that form a null space and an energy pocket that is converged and controlled in the transmission field. "Energy pocket" refers to a spatial region or region in which energy or power is accumulated based on the convergence of waves that cause constructive interference in a given region or region. A "null space" refers to a void region or region in which no energy pocket is formed, which can be caused by constructive interference of waves in that region or region.

The energy pocket may be formed at the location of the reinforcing interference patterns of the power wave transmitted by the transmitter. The energy pocket may appear as a three-dimensional field in which energy can be obtained by a receiver placed in or close to the energy pocket. The energy pocket created by the transmitter during the pocket-forming process is acquired by the receiver and is converted to electrical charge and provided to an electronic device (e.g., laptop computer, smart phone, rechargeable battery) associated with the receiver. In some embodiments, multiple transmitters and / or multiple receivers may power various electronic devices. The receiver may be separate from the electronic device or may be integrated with the electronic device.

In some embodiments, transmitters may perform adaptive pocket-forming processes by regulating the transmission of power waves to adjust the power level based on sensor data input from the sensors. In one embodiment, adaptive pocket formation reduces the power level (e.g., measured as power density) of power waves at a given location. For example, adaptive pocket formation reduces the power level of a power wave converging at a region in space or at a 3D location, thereby responding to sensor readings indicative of an organism or sensing object proximate that location, Reduce or eliminate the amount of energy used to form the energy pocket. In another embodiment, adaptive pocket formation utilizes "constructive interference" to attenuate, reduce, or prevent the energy of power waves concentrated at that location. For example, the transmitter may use "constructive interference" to weaken the energy of power waves concentrated at the location of the object, sensed by one or more sensors, and the object may be identified Or "tagged". In a further embodiment, adaptive pocket formation is accomplished by terminating power waves converging at a location within a space or at a 3D location, in response to a sensor reading indicating an organism or sensing object in or proximate to that location, Or more energy pocket.

Adaptive pocket formation may utilize a combination of these techniques in response to data from the sensors. For example, based on a series of sensor readings at different points in time, using sensors capable of detecting the presence and / or movement of objects, living things and / or sensing objects and correspondingly, As the presence and / or movement data from the sensors are transmitted to the 3D region in space to create one or more energy pockets with high power density, the presence and / or movement data from the sensors may be present and / Or movement, the transmitter may reduce the power level of the power waves. In some cases, the transmitter may terminate or adjust the power waves if the position data from the sensors indicate the arrival or anticipated arrival of the organism or sensing object in the 3D region of the space with the energy pocket.

A communication signal may be generated by a receiver or transmitter using an external power supply and a local oscillator chip (which may in some cases include using a piezoelectric material). Communication signals may include RF waves or any other communication capable of communicating data between processors such as Bluetooth ?, WiFi, radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared, near-field communication (NFC), ZigBee, Media or protocol. Such communication signals include information related to state, efficiency, user data, power consumption, billing, geographical location and other types of information in the transmitter and receiver, . ≪ / RTI >

Transmitters and receivers may include, among other types of data, a transport field in the form of a wireless signal carrying more generally digital data, which may include data specific to a particular wireless protocol, heat map data and mapping data, / RTI > and / or < / RTI > communicate information related to the receiver. The transmitter may use the information in the data communicated over the communication signal as an input parameter that the transmitter uses to determine how the transmitter should generate and transmit power waves for the receiver in the transmission field. That is, the transmitter may be configured to transmit power, for example, in a transmission field of a receiver, whether to transmit power waves and a transmission position, a position to generate an energy pocket, physical waveform characteristics for power waves, To determine whether antennas or antenna arrays should be used, data for the transmission field, collected from one or more receivers, may be used. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any number of possible wave-based technologies may be used to generate a power wave to provide energy to the receiver, including RF waves, ultrasonic waves, microwaves, laser light, It will also be appreciated that the power waves have physical waveform characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, direction and power level. To generate energy pockets at specific locations within the transmission field, the transmitter can generate power waves with a set of specific characteristics that allow the power waves to converge and form the energy pocket at the desired location. In determining suitable characteristics, the transmitter may refer to input parameters received as data (from communication signals) from a receiver or from other sources such as a mapping database or sensors. As described above, the transmitter may use additional parameters that are related to power wave transmission and receiver identification, such as, for example, determining which antennas or antenna arrays should be used to generate and transmit power waves, It is possible to make a judgment.

While the exemplary embodiments described herein illustrate the use of RF-based wave transmission techniques, it should be understood that the wireless charging technique to be employed is not limited to such RF-based technologies and techniques. Rather, it should be appreciated that there are additional or alternative wireless charging techniques that may include any number of technologies and techniques for wirelessly transferring energy to a receiver that can convert the transmitted energy into electrical power. Non-limiting and exemplary transmission techniques for energy that can be converted to power by the receiving device may include ultrasonic, microwave, laser light, infrared or other forms of electromagnetic energy. In the case of ultrasound, one or more transducer elements may be arranged to form, for example, a transducer array that transmits ultrasound to a receiving device that receives ultrasonic waves and converts them to power. Additionally, although an exemplary transmitter is shown as a single unit with potentially multiple transmitters (transmitter antenna arrays) for RF transmission of power and other power transmission methods referred to in this section, the transmission arrays may be compact, And may have multiple transmitters physically distributed in the room rather than in a structural form.

Ⅰ. The components of the exemplary wireless charging system

1, the components of an exemplary wireless power transmission system 100 are shown. Exemplary system 100 may include transmitters 101, an external mapping memory 117, a receiver 103 and an electronic device 121 to be charged. Transmitters 101 may send various types of waves 131,133, 135, such as, for example, communication signal 131, sensor waves 133 and power waves 135 to a transmit field, Dimensional space or a three-dimensional space through which the power lines 101 can transmit power waves 135. [

In operation, the transmitters 101 may receive power waves 135, which may be captured by a receiver 103 configured to convert the energy of the power waves 135 to electrical energy for the electronic device 121 associated with the receiver 103 RTI ID = 0.0 > 135 < / RTI > That is to say that the receiver 103 is capable of converting the captured power waves 135 on behalf of the electronic device 121 associated with the receiver 103 into the available sources of electrical energy, Circuit may be provided. In some embodiments, transmitter 101 may comprise transmitter antennas (not shown) for manipulating characteristics (e.g., phase, gain, direction, frequency) of power waves 135 and / 115), it is possible to intelligently transmit the power waves 135 to the transmission field. In some implementations, the trajectories of the power waves 135 cause the power waves 135 to converge at predetermined locations (e.g., 3D locations or regions in space) in the transmission field, resulting in stiffening or destructive interference The transmitters 101 may manipulate the characteristics of the power waves 135 to such an extent.

The constructive interference may be a type of waveform interference that may be generated upon convergence of the power waves 135 at a particular location in the transmission field associated with one or more transmitters 101. [ The constructive interference can occur when the power waves 135 converge and their respective waveform characteristics coalesce, thereby increasing the amount of energy concentrated at a particular location where the power waves 135 converge. The constructive interference can be the result of power waves 135 having certain waveform characteristics that result in a field of energy or a "pocket of energy" 137 at a particular location in the transmission field where the power waves 135 converge have.

Destructive interference may be another type of waveform interference that may be generated upon convergence of power waves 135 at a particular location in the transmission field associated with one or more transmitters 101. [ Fracture interference may occur when power waves 135 converge at a particular location and their respective waveform characteristics are opposite to each other (e.g., the waveforms cancel each other), weakening the amount of energy concentrated at a particular location have. The constructive interference results in generating pockets of energy when sufficient energy is present, but the destructive interference is a negligible amount of energy or null at a particular location in the transmission field where the power waves 135 converge to form destructive interference. . ≪ / RTI >

A. Transmitters

The transmitters 101 may comprise or be associated with a processor (not shown), a communications component 111, a sensor 113 and an antenna array 115. The processors may control, manage, and control the various processes, functions, and components of the transmitters 101. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitters 101 may have an internal mapping memory (not shown) and / or may be wired or wirelessly coupled to the external mapping memory 117.

I. Transmitter processors

Transmitters 101 may include one or more transmitter processors that may be configured to process and communicate various types of data (e.g., heat-mapping data, sensor data). Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter processor of the transmitter 10 may manage the execution of various processes and the functions of the transmitter and may manage the components of the transmitter 10. For example, the transmitter processor may determine the interval by which the beacon signal can be broadcast by the communication component 111 to identify the receivers 103 that may impair the transmission field. As another example, the processor may generate heat-mapping data from the communication signals 131 received by the communication component 111 and then generate heat-mapping data based on the sensor data received from the sensor 113 or the sensor processor The transmitter processor is able to determine the most secure and most effective characteristics for the power waves 135. In some cases, the single transmitter 101 may comprise a single transmitter processor. It should be noted, however, that in some cases, a single transmitter processor may control and control multiple transmitters 101. [ For example, transmitters 101 may include a server computer (not shown) having a processor running software modules that instruct the processor of the server to function as a transmitter processor that can control on behalf of multiple transmitters 10 ). ≪ / RTI > Additionally or alternatively, a single transmitter 101 may comprise a plurality of processors configured to execute and control transmitter 101 operations and specified aspects of the components. For example, the transmitter 101 may comprise a transmitter processor and a sensor processor, which is configured to manage the sensor 113 and generate sensor data, the transmitter processor managing the remaining functions of the transmitter 101 .

The exemplary system 100 includes any number of transmitters 101, such as a first transmitter 101a and a second transmitter 101b, which can transmit waves 131,133, 135 to one or more transmission fields . In that case, the system 100 may have a plurality of discrete transmission fields associated with the transmitters 101, and the transmission fields may or may not be overlapped, but may be discretely managed by the transmitter processor . Additionally or alternatively, the system 100 may have transport fields that may or may not overlap, but may be managed as a transport field that is integrated by the transmitter processor.

Ii. The communication components of the transmitter

The communication components 111 may perform wired and / or wireless communication to and from the receiver 100 of the system. In some cases, the communication component 111 may be an embedded component of the transmitter 101 and, in some cases, the communication component 111 may be attached to the transmitter 101 via any wired or wireless communication medium. . In some embodiments, the communications component 111 may be configured such that each of the transmitters 101 coupled to the communications component 111 uses the data received within the communications signal 131 by the communications component 111 And may be shared among a plurality of transmitters 101, for example.

The communication component 111 communicates various types of data with one or more receivers 103, other transmitters 101 of the system 100 and / or other components of the transmitter 101, (E. G., A processor, an antenna) that enables communication with the device. In some implementations, these communication signals 131 may represent a separate channel for the hosted communication, regardless of the power waves 135 and / or the sensor waves 133. The data may be communicated using communication signals 131 based on predetermined wired or wireless protocols and associated hardware and software techniques. The communication component 111 may operate based on any number of communication protocols such as Bluetooth ?, WiFi, near-field communication (NFC), ZigBee, and the like. However, the communication component 111 is not limited to radio-frequency based technologies and may include a sound device for sonic triangulation of radar, infrared and receiver 103 .

The data contained in the communication signals 131 is used by the wireless charging devices 101,103 so that the transmitter transmits safe and effective power waves 135 generating energy pockets 137 from which the receiver 103 It is possible to determine how the energy can be captured and converted to available alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) electricity. The transmitter 101 identifies the receivers 103 in the transmission field, for example among other possible functions, using the communication signal 135, and allows the electronic devices 121 or the user to access the system 100, To determine the secure and effective waveform characteristics for the power waves 135 and to communicate data that may be used to polish the placement of the energy pockets 137 have. Similarly, the communication component (not shown) of the receiver 103 warns the transmitters 101 that, for example, the receiver has entered or is about to enter the transmit field, To provide information about the electronic device 121 or user being used to indicate the validity of the power waves 135 and to provide updated transmission parameters that the transmitters 101 may use to condition the power waves 135. [ The communication signal 135 may be used to communicate data and other types of useful data. Illustratively, the communication component 111 of the transmitter 101 may communicate other types of data (e.g., authentication data, heat-mapping data, transmission parameters) including various types of data , Send and receive). Non-limiting examples of information include a beacon message, a transmitter identifier (TX ID), a device identifier (device ID) for the electronic device 121, a user identifier (user ID) The location of the receiver 103 in the forwarding field, the location of the device 121 in the forwarding field, and other such information.

Iii. Transmitter sensors

The sensors 113 may be physically associated (i.e., connected or may be a component thereof) with the transmitters 101, or the devices may be configured to detect and identify various situations of the system and / And sensor data for transmitter 101, which can contribute to the generation and transmission of power waves 135 by transmitters 101, can be generated. The sensor data helps senders 101 determine the various modes of operation and determine how to appropriately generate and transmit power waves 135 to ensure that transmitters 101 are safe, To the receiver (103). As described in detail herein, the sensors 113 may transmit sensor data collected during sensor operation for subsequent processing by the transmitter processor of the transmitter 101. Additionally or alternatively, one or more sensor processors may be connected to the sensors 113 or housed within the sensors 113. The sensor processors may have a microprocessor that executes various primary data processing routines so that sensor data received at the transmitter processor may be used as available mapping data to generate power waves 135 Partially or wholly pre-processed.

The sensors 113 transmit the sensor data to the transmitter 101. Although described as raw sensor data in the exemplary embodiment, the sensor data is not limited to raw sensor data but may be processed by a processor associated with the sensor, processed by a receiver, processed by a transmitter, And may include data processed by another processor. The sensor data may comprise information derived from the sensor, and the processed sensor data may comprise a determination based on the sensor data. For example, a receiver's gyroscope may provide raw data such as orientation in the X-plane, Y-plane, and Z-plane, and the processed sensor data from the gyroscope may be transmitted to the receiver Determination of the position of the receiver or the position of the receiver antenna based on the orientation. In another example, the raw sensor data from the infrared sensor of the receiver may provide thermal imaging information, and the processed sensor data may include the identity of the person 141a based on the thermal information. As used herein, any reference to sensor data or raw sensor data may include data processed at that sensor or other device. In some implementations, the gyroscope of the receiver 103 and / or the electronic device associated with the accelerometer or receiver 103 determine whether the transmitter 101 transmits the power waves 135 to the receiver 103 Sensor data indicative of the orientation of the receiver 103 or the electronic device 121, which may be used to determine the position of the sensor. For example, the receiver 103 may include an electronic device 121 (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet, etc.) having a gyroscope and / or an accelerometer for generating sensor data representative of the orientation of the electronic device 121, , Laptop) or attached to it. The receiver 103 may then transmit this sensor data to the transmitter 101 via communication waves 131. [ In such an implementation, the transmitter 101 may transmit power waves 135 at that location of the receiver 103, which may cause the transmitter 101 to be moved by the gyroscope and / The sensor data is performed until the receiver 103 or the electronic device has an orientation indicating that the electronic device 121 is in use or near the person 141a or the electronic device has the orientation 103) or the electronic device is moving. For example, the receiver 103 may be attached to, or embedded within, a smart phone having a gyroscope and an accelerometer. In this example, while the smartphone is temporarily on the table 141b, the transmitter 101 may transmit the power waves 135 to the smartphone. However, if the person 141a lifts the smartphone towards his or her head, the accelerometer will generate sensor data indicating that the smartphone is in motion, and the gyroscope will detect that the smartphone is in the ear of the person 141a Sensor data indicating that the smartphone has a planar-orientation indicating that the smartphone is present. The transmitter 101 may determine from the sensor data generated by the gyroscope and accelerometer that the smartphone is being touched by the head of the person 141a so that the transmitter 101 may receive 103, < / RTI > The transmitter 101 may make this determination according to any number of preset threshold values relating to data generated by the gyroscope and / or accelerometer.

Sensors 113 emit sensor waves 133 that can be any type of file that can be used to identify sensing objects 141 and 143 (e.g., person 141, furniture 143) Lt; / RTI > Non-limiting examples of sensor technologies for sensors 113 include: infrared / pyro-electric sensors, ultrasonic sensors, laser sensors, optical sensors, Doppler sensors, accelerometer sensors, microwave sensors, millimeter sensors, And may include an RF standing-wave sensor. Other sensor technologies that are well suited for secondary and / or proximity-sensing sensors may include resonant LC sensors, capacitive sensors, and inductive sensors. Based on the particular types of sensor waves 133 used and the particular protocols associated with the sensor waves 133, the sensor 113 may generate sensor data. In some cases, the sensor 113 may have a sensor processor capable of receiving, decoding, and processing the sensor data, and the sensor 113 may provide sensor data to the transmitter processor.

The sensors 113 may be passive sensors, active sensors and / or smart sensors. Passive devices such as tunable LC sensors (resonant, capacitive or inductive) can be a simple type of sensor 113 and can provide effective and minimal object discrimination. Such passive sensors may be dispersed into the transmission field and may be used as secondary (remote) sensors that are part of the receiver 103 or otherwise capable of independently capturing raw sensor data capable of wireless communication with the sensor processor have. Active sensors such as infrared (IR) or superplastic sensors can provide efficient and effective target discrimination and can have minimal processing associated with sensor data generated by such active sensors. Smart sensors may be sensors 113 with on-board DSP (Digital Signal Processing) for primary sensor data (i.e., before processing by the transmitter processor). Such processors are capable of performing very fine granular object discrimination and are able to detect preprocessed sensor data that is more efficiently adjusted by the transmitter processor when determining how to generate and transmit the power waves 135 Transmitter processor.

The sensors 113 have a function for operating and generating other types of sensor data, and can generate position related information in various formats. Active and smart sensors are categorized by function for sensor type, unique hardware and software requirements, distance calculation and motion detection, as shown in Table 1 below.

Active and Smart Sensor Attributes Active and Smart Sensor Attributes Sensor type Hardware Requirements Software Requirements Distance calculation Motion detection One dimensional Simple circuit at least Outline No (none) Smart 1D Simple circuit Limited Good No Two-dimensional (2D) Simple circuit Limited Good Just as possible, Smart 2D Complex circuit usually Good Just that Three-dimensional (3D) Complex circuit Intensive Good Good Smart three-dimensional DSP (main processing) Altitude detailed Great

 In some implementations, sensors 113 may be configured for human recognition and may determine person 141a from other objects, such as furniture 141b. Non-limiting examples of sensor data processed by the human-recognition enabled sensor 113 include body temperature data, infrared range-finder data, motion data, activity recognition data, Gesture data, heart rate data, portable device data, and wearable device data (e.g., biometric readings and outputs, accelerometer data).

In an embodiment, the control systems of transmitters 101 follow EMF (electromagnetic field) exposure protection standards for human subjects. Maximum exposure limits are defined by the US and European standards in terms of power density limits and electrical field limits (and magnetic field limits). These include, for example, the limit established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) and the limit established by the European regulatory agency for exposure to radiation. The restrictions established by the FCC for MPE are codified in 47 CFR §1.1310. For EMF frequencies in the microwave range, power density can be used to indicate the intensity of the exposure. The power density is defined as the power per unit area. For example, the power density can typically be expressed in terms of watts per square meter (W / m ² ), milliwatts per square centimeter (mW / cm ² ) or micro watts per square centimeter (μW / cm ² ) have.

In embodiments, these methods for wireless power transmission include various safety techniques to ensure that a human resident within or near the transmission field is not exposed to EMF energy above a regulatory limit or other nominal limit . One safeguard is to ensure that human subjects are not exposed to power levels at or near the EMF exposure limits by including error margins (eg, about 10% to 20%) outside the nominal limits. The second safety method is that when human 141a (and in some embodiments other organisms or sensing objects) moves towards an energy pocket 137 having a power density level that exceeds the EMF exposure limit, Or termination protection measures may be provided. An additional safeguard is a redundancy security system, such as using a power reduction method in conjunction with alert 119.

In operation, the sensors 113 are configured such that objects such as the person 141 or the furniture 143 are positioned at a predetermined proximity of the transmitter 101, the power waves 135 and / or the energy pocket 137 It can be detected whether or not it enters. In one configuration, the sensor 113 may instruct the transmitter 101 or other components of the system 100 to perform various actions based on the detected objects. In another configuration, the sensor 113 may send sensor data to the transmitter 101 and the transmitter 101 may determine what action to perform (e.g., adjustment of the energy pocket, termination of the power wave transmission, Reduction of the power wave transmission). For example, after the sensor 113 identifies that the person 141 has entered the transmission field and determines that the person is within a predetermined proximity of the transmitter 101, To transmit to the transmitter 101 the associated sensor data that allows the transmission of data to be reduced or terminated. As another example, after identifying the person 141 entering the transmission field and determining that the person 141 is coming within a predetermined proximity of the energy pocket 137, the sensor 113 determines that the transmitter 101 is in power Sensor data to adjust the characteristics of the waves 135, to attenuate the amount of energy concentrated in the energy pocket 137, to create a null and / or to relocate the position of the energy pocket 137 to the transmitter 101 . In another example, the system 100 may include an alert computing device that generates an alert and / or generates a digital message and an alert computing device that is configured to operate the system 100 or an alert device that may send a digital message to a system log (119). In this example, the sensor 113 detects a person 141 entering a predetermined neighborhood of the transmitter 101, the power wave 135 and / or the energy pocket 137, or the other insecure of the system 100 Or after detecting a forbidden situation, sensor data may be generated and sent to an alert device 119 that may activate the alert and / or generate a notification and send it to the operating device. The alert generated in alert 119 may comprise any type of sensory feedback, such as audio feedback, visual feedback, haptic feedback, or some combination.

In some embodiments, such as the exemplary system 100, the sensor 113 may be a component of the transmitter 101, housed within the transmitter 10. In some embodiments, the sensor 113 may be external to the transmitter 101 and may communicate sensor data to one or more transmitters 101 via a wired or wireless connection. A sensor 113 that may be external to one or more transmitters 101 or that may be part of a single transmitter 101 may provide sensor data to one or more transmitters 101 and then transmit the transmitters 101 May share this sensor data to determine the proper formation and transmission of power waves 135. < RTI ID = 0.0 > Similarly, in such an embodiment, multiple sensors 113 may share data with multiple transmitters 101. In such an embodiment, sensors 113 or host transmitters 101 may exchange sensor data with host transmitters or other sensors 113 in system 100. Additionally or alternatively, sensors 113 or host transmitters 101 may send or retrieve sensor data to or from one or more mapping memories 117, or from the mapping memories 117 thereof.

By way of example, and as shown in the exemplary system 100 of FIG. 1, the first transmitter 101a emits sensor waves 133a and stores them on the first transmitter 101a and / or the mapping memory 117 The system 100 may include a first sensor 113a that generates sensor data that can be received by the first transmitter 101b of the system 100 and the system 100 may emit sensor waves 113b and may be coupled to a second transmitter 101b and / And a second sensor 113a that generates sensor data that can be stored on the second sensor 117. The second sensor < RTI ID = 0.0 > 101a < / RTI > In this example, both of the transmitters 101a, 101b may receive processors from sensors 113a, 113b and / or processors that can fetch stored sensor data from particular storage locations So that the sensor data generated by each of the sensors 113a and 113b can be shared between the respective transmitters 101a and 101b. Each of the processors of transmitters 101a and 101b may utilize the shared sensor data and may determine characteristics for generating and transmitting power waves 133a and 133b because sensing objects 141 and 143 are detected And to determine whether to transmit the power powers 133a and 133b.

The transmitter 101 may comprise or be associated with a plurality of sensors 113 for which the transmitter 101 receives sensor data. By way of example, a single transmitter 101 may comprise a first sensor located at a first location of the transmitter 101 and a second sensor located at a second location on the transmitter 101. In this example, the sensors 113 may be binary sensors capable of acquiring stereoscopic sensor data, such as the position of the sensing object 141 relative to the sensors 113. In some embodiments, such binary or stereoscopic sensors may be configured to provide a three-dimensional imaging function that may be transmitted to an operator ' s workstation and / or other computing device. In addition, the binary or stereoscopic sensors can improve the accuracy of position detection and displacement of the receiver 103 or object 141, e.g., useful for motion recognition or tracking.

In order for the transmitter 101 to be able to search and identify objects 141 that the user desires to exclude from receiving the wireless energy (i.e., power waves 135, energy pockets 137) Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 101 < / RTI > For example, the user may provide the tagging information via the user device 123 in communicating with the controller of the transmitter 101 via a graphical user interface (GUI) of the user device 123. [ The exemplary tagging information may include one-dimensional coordinates of an area within a space containing the object 141, two-dimensional (2D) coordinates of the area within the space containing the object 141, And position data for electrical device 121, which may include three-dimensional (3D) coordinates.

In some embodiments, the tags may be assigned to specific objects 141 and / or locations within the transport field. During the tagging process, tagging data may be generated and stored in the mapping database, and may inform the transmitter 101 about how the transmitter 101 should behave with respect to specific objects 141 or locations within the transmission field . Tagging data generated during the tagging process may be used to determine whether to transmit power waves to an object 141 or location and / or to transmit power waves 135 or to position a location within a transmission field to generate energy pockets 137. [ Lt; / RTI > For example, a record of the location in the mapping database may be updated or generated by the tagging data instructing the transmitter 101 to never transmit the transmission waves 137 to a specific location. Similarly, in another example, the tagging data is implemented in a record for a given location, instructing the transmitter 101 to always transmit power waves 137 to that location. In other words, in some implementations, the tagging process pre-implements tagging data as simple as possible in the mapping database, through some type of user interface. Tags may be generated by simply entering the tagging data into the mapping database of the transmitter 101, but in some cases, the mapping database or other device may send a tagging indicator from the wireless tagging device 123, such as a smart phone or other mobile device Upon receipt, the tagging data may be automatically generated by the sensor processor, transmitter processor, or other computing device. For example, because the child has a habit of hiding in the table 141b, the user wants to prevent the power waves 137 from being sent to the table 141 in the child's playroom. In this example, the user interacts with a graphical interface on their smartphone 123 to generate and transmit a tagging database containing the coordinates of the table 141b to the mapping database of the transmitter 101. In some cases, the user may place their mobile tagging device 123 next to the table 141b or next to the outline coordinate of the table 141b, and then relate to the mapping database or transmitter 101 To transmit position data, an indicator button on the user interface can be pressed. If necessary, the transmitter 101 or the mapping database translates the location data into the available coordinates of the transport field. The generated transfer field coordinates are then stored in the mapping database and are referred to later in determining when the transmitter 101 will create the energy pocket 137. [

In some implementations, the sensors 113 may detect the sensing objects 141 in the transmission field that were predetermined or "tagged" to be sensible. In some cases, regardless of whether the sensor 113 has identified a person 141a or other sensing object 141 entering a particular obstacle, it is possible to avoid certain obstacles in the transmission field, such as the furniture 141b or the wall . In that case, the internal or external mapping memory 117 may store a sensor that identifies the specific location of the mapping data and a particular obstacle, thereby storing that location in a particular location as an off-limit for power waves 135 Quot; tagging "). Additionally or alternatively, the specific objects may be signals or physical manifestations (e.g., signals) that may be detected by the sensors 113, communications components 111, or other components of the transmitter 101 , Heat-signature), which can be digitally or physically associated with a digital or physical tag. For example, as part of generating sensor data for transmitter 101, sensor 113 may include an internal mapping memory (i.e., sensor 113) for storing records of tagged obstacles to avoid, such as table 141b, A memory inside transmitter 101 housing housing < / RTI > In this example, the sensor 113 detects the table 141b as a tagged obstacle and the transmitter 101 reduces the amount of energy provided by the power waves 135 where the table 141b is located Or generate sensor data 113 that allows power waves 135 to be transmitted to table 141b to be terminated or to change the direction of power waves 135. [

Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, the sensors 113 may be previously tagged to receive wireless power waves 137 (i. E., Previously recorded in internal mapping memory or external mapping memory 117, (Which has been received a digital or physical tag that can be detected by the device). In this situation, after detecting a tag or tagged object, or otherwise determining that the tag or tagged object should receive wireless energy, the energy pocket 137 is placed at the location of the identified or tagged object The sensor 113 may generate sensor data that allows the transmitter 101 to transmit power waves 135 to the tagged object.

Iv. The antenna array, antenna elements and antennas

The transmitter 101 may comprise an antenna array 115, which may be a set of one or more antennas configured to transmit one or more types of waves 131, 133, 135. In some embodiments, the antenna array 115 may comprise antenna elements that generate power waves 135 with predetermined characteristics (e.g., amplitude, frequency, trajectory, phase) Tiles "with zero or more integrated circuits and antennas that control the operation of the antenna within the device, such as by " The antenna of the antenna array 115 can transmit a series of power waves 135 with predetermined characteristics such that a series of power waves 135 reach a given position in the transmission field and can reveal these characteristics do. The antennas of the antenna array 115 collectively transmit power waves intersecting at a given position (typically where the receiver 103 is detected) and, due to their respective characteristics, form an energy pocket 137 , From which the receiver 103 collects the energy and generates electricity. Although the exemplary system 100 describes radio-frequency based power waves 135, additional or alternative antennas, antenna arrays, and / or antennas may be used to wirelessly transmit power from the transmitter 101 to the receiver 103. [ Or wave-based technologies (e.g., ultrasound, infrared, self-resonant) may be used.

The transmitter 101 may use the mapping data to determine the location and method by which the antenna array 115 should transmit the power waves 135. [ The mapping data indicates to the transmitter 101 where the power waves 135 should be transmitted and where the energy pockets 137 should be formed and in some cases where the power waves 135 should not be transmitted . The mapping data can be captured, queried and decoded by the processors associated with the transmitter 101 from which the transmitter can determine how the antennas of the antenna array 115 should form and transmit the power waves 135 . When determining how the power waves should be formed, the transmitter 101 may determine characteristics for each of the power waves 135 to be transmitted from each antenna of the antenna array 115. Non-limiting examples of characteristics for power waves 135 may include, among other things, amplitude, phase, gain, frequency, and direction. By way of example, to generate the energy pocket 137 at a particular location, the transmitter 101 identifies a subset of the antennas from the antenna array 115, transmits the power waves 135 at a predetermined location, The transmitter 101 generates the power waves 135. The power waves 135 transmitted from each antenna in that subset have relatively different, e.g., phase and amplitude. In this example, a waveform generation integrated circuit (not shown) of the transmitter 101 forms a phased array of delayed versions of the power waves 137 and generates different amplitudes to the delayed version of the power waves 137 And then transmit the power waves 137 from the appropriate antenna. For sine waves such as RF signals, ultrasonic waves, microwaves, etc., delaying the power waves 137 is similar in effect to applying a phase shift to the power waves 135. In some cases, one or more transmitter processors (not shown) control the formation and transmission of power waves 135 broadcast by transmitter 101 via antenna array 115.

The antenna arrays 115 may comprise one or more integrated circuits associated with the antennas to generate the power waves 135. In some embodiments, the integrated circuits are found on the antenna elements housing the antenna associated with the integrated circuit and the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit may function as a waveform generator for the antenna associated with the integrated circuit to provide the appropriate circuitry and instructions for the associated antenna to cause the antenna to generate power waves 135 according to the predetermined characteristics identified for the power waves 135 Form and transmit. The integrated circuit may receive an instruction from a microprocessor (e.g., a transmitter processor) that determines how the power waves 135 should be emitted into the transmission field of the transmitter 101. The transmitter processor may determine, for example, where to place the energy pocket 137 based on the mapping data, and determine the power waves 135 with a set of waveform characteristics to the integrated circuit of the antenna array 115 Command. The integrated circuits may form power waves 135 and thereby command their respective associated antennas to transmit power waves 135 to the transmission field.

As described, the mapping data may be based on the heat-map data collected by the communication component 111 and generated by the transmitter processor and / or the sensor data collected by the sensor 113 and generated by the sensor processor 113 . The hit-map data may include data useful for identifying receivers 103 and their locations in the transport field associated with transmitter 101. [ For example, the heat-map data may be used to identify where the receiver has detected a low power wave from the transmitter 101 and / or identify if the power level of the low power wave detected by the receiver has exceeded a certain threshold And data indicating the position of the receiver in the communication signal received by the transmitter from the receiver. The sensor data may include data useful for identifying the sensing objects 141,143, which are objects found at locations in the transmission field where the power waves 135 should exhibit minimal energy or should not be transmitted at all. In other words, the mapping data may represent the input parameters used by the transmitter 101 to determine the characteristics to generate and transmit the power waves 135. As the mapping data (i. E., Hit-map data and / or sensor data) is updated and queried by the transmitter 101, the transmitter 101 may determine whether the transmission data, such as the movement of the receiver 103 or people 141, It is possible to adjust the manner in which the antenna array 115 is generating and transmitting the power waves 135 to account for changes in the environment.

In some cases, the transmitter 101 divides the antenna array into groups of antennas so that the constituent antennas can perform other tasks. For example, in an antenna array 115 with ten antennas, nine antennas may transmit power waves 135 forming an energy pocket 137 at the receiver 103, By successively and sequentially transmitting low-level energies to discrete locations in the transmission field, which the new receiver captures with the communication signal 131 to determine a new receiver location associated with the transmitter 101 within the transmission field, And operates in conjunction with communication component 111 to identify a new receiver (not shown) within the transmission field. In another example, an antenna array 115 with ten antennas may be divided into two groups of five each, each of which includes power waves 135 to two different receivers 103 in the transmission field Lt; / RTI >

V. Mapping memory

The transmitter 101 may be associated with one or more mapping memories, which may be non-transient machine-readable storage media configured to store mapping data, which may be data describing aspects of transport fields associated with the transmitter 101 . The mapping data may include hit-map data and sensor data. The hit-map data may be generated by a transmitter processor to identify receivers 103 disposed within the transmission field, and the sensor data may be generated by transmitter processors and / or transmitter processors to identify sensing objects 141, / RTI > and / or sensor processors. Thus, the mapping data stored in the mapping memory of the system 100 may include the location of the receivers 103, the location of the sensing objects 141,143, the transmission parameters of the power waves 135 and the safe and effective power waves 135 (E.g., location of the tagged object, tracking parameters) that can be used by the transmitters 101 to generate and transmit data. The transmitters 101 may query the mapping data stored in the record of the mapping memory or the writings may be "pushed " to the transmitters 101 in real time, The mapping data may be used as input parameters to determine properties for transmission and a place to generate the energy pocket 137. [ In some implementations, the transmitters 101 may update the mapping data in the mapping memory as new new mapping data is received from the processors that control the communication components 111 or the sensors 113 .

In some embodiments, the wireless charging system 100 may be an external mapping memory (e.g., a computer-readable storage medium), which may be a collection of machine-readable computer files or a database hosted by a non- 117). In such an embodiment, external mapping memory 117 may be communicatively coupled to one or more transmitters 101 by any wired or wireless communication protocols or hardware. External mapping memory 117 may include mapping data for one or more transmission fields associated with one or more transmitters 101 of system 100. The writing of the external mapping memory 117 may be performed by updating the mapping data and / or updating the mapping of the power waves 135 to be generated by the transmitter 101 when scanning the transmission field for the receiver 103 or the sensing objects 141, Which can be accessed by each transmitter 103, which queries the mapping data when determining safe and effective characteristics for the transmitter.

In some embodiments, the transmitter 101 may comprise a non-transient machine-readable storage medium configured to host an internal mapping memory, which may store mapping data within the transmitter 101. The processor of the transmitter 101, such as a transmitter processor or a sensor processor, may update the records in the internal mapping memory as new mapping data is identified and stored. In some embodiments, the mapping data stored in the internal mapping memory may be transmitted to additional transmitters 101 of the system 100 and / or the mapping data in the internal mapping memory may be transmitted to the external mapping memory < RTI ID = 0.0 > May be transmitted to and stored in the memory 117.

B. Receivers

The receivers 103 may be used to power or charge an associated electronic device 121, which may be an electrical device 121 that is combined or integrated with one or more receivers 103. [ Receiver 103 may comprise one or more antennas (not shown) that may receive power waves 135 from one or more power waves 135 originating from one or more transmitters 101. The receiver 103 may receive one or more power waves 135 generated and transmitted directly by the transmitter 101 or the receiver 103 may receive multiple power waves generated by one or more transmitters 101, Which may be a three-dimensional field in the space resulting from the convergence of the waveguide 135, as shown in FIG.

In some embodiments, receiver 103 may comprise an array of antennas configured to receive power waves 135 from a power transmission wave. The receivers 103 antennas acquire energy from the energy pocket 137 or one or more power waves 135, which may be formed from the resulting accumulation of the power waves 135 at a particular location within the transmission field. After the power waves 135 are received and / or received or energy is collected from the energy pocket 137, the circuitry (e.g., integrated circuit, amplifier, rectifier, voltage regulator) (E. G., Electricity) stored in a battery (not shown) or used by the electronic device 121. The energy (e. G., Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation) In some cases, for example, the rectifier of the receiver 103 converts the electrical energy, which may be used by the electronic device 121, from an AC form to a DC form. In addition to or as an alternative to switching from AC to DC, other types of adjustments can be applied. For example, the voltage regulation circuit may increase or decrease the voltage of the electrical energy required by the electronic device 121. [ An electrical relay transports electrical energy from the receiver 103 to the electronic device 121.

The receiver 103 or the electronic device 121 may be configured to communicate with the transmitter 101 in real time or near real time via a communication signal generated by a communication component of the receiver, (Not shown). The data may include device status data, such as status information for the receiver 103, status information for the electronic device 121, status information for the power waves 135, and / or status information for the energy pocket 137 And may include mapping data such as hit-map data. In other words, the receiver 103 may determine, among other types of information, the current location data of the device 121, the amount of charge received by the receiver 103, the amount of charge used by the electronic device 121, and information on the user account information to the transmitter 101. [

As described, in some implementations, it may be appreciated that receiver 103 and electronic device 121 may be understood to be a single unit or product, for all practical purposes, while in some embodiments receiver 103 may be manufactured The receiver 103 can be integrated in the electronic device 121 so that it can be coupled to the electronic device 121 later. The receiver 103 may be configured to utilize the communication components of the electronic device 121 and / or to have its own communication components. Receiver 103 may be an attachable but individual unit or product that may be connected to electronic device 121 to provide wireless power charging benefits to electronic device 121. [ In this example, the receiver 103 may have its own communication component for communicating data with the transmitters 101. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the receiver 103 utilizes or operates with the communication component of the electronic device 121. In some embodiments, For example, the receiver 101 may be integrated into the laptop computer 121 during or shortly after the manufacture of the laptop 121. In this example, the receiver 103 may utilize a communication component of the laptop (e.g., a Bluetooth®-based communication component) to communicate data with the transmitters 101.

C. Electronic Devices & Tagging Information for Devices and Objects

The electronic device 121 coupled to the receiver 103 may be any electrical device that requires consecutive electrical energy or requires power from the battery. The receiver 103 may be permanently integrated within the electronic device 121 or the receiver 103 may be removably coupled to the electronic device 121 which in some cases may result in a single integrated product or unit . By way of example, the electronic device 121 may be located within a protective sleeve with built-in receivers 103 that are removably coupled to the power supply input of the device 121. A non-limiting example of the electronic device 121 may be a laptop, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet, a music player, a toy, batteries, a flashlight, a lamp, Gaming consoles, appliances, GPS devices and wearable devices or so-called "wearables" (eg, health bracelets, pedometer, smart watches) .

Electronic device 121 may be configured to receive secondary data for transmitter 101 to supplement sensor data, heat-map data, and / or mapping data generated by sensors 113 physically associated with transmitter 101. [ An integrated or associated proximity sensor, an accelerometer, a compass, a gyroscope, and / or an ambient light sensor, acting as a source.

In some cases, neither the electronic device 121 nor the associated receiver 103 is associated with a communication component capable of communicating with the transmitter 101. For example, the electronic device 121 may be a smaller, homemade electrical device, such as a clock or smoke alarm, which may not include a communication component that transmits a communication signal to the transmitter 101 The receiver 103 attached to the electrical device 121 and the electrical device 121 does not exchange the data necessary to guide the generation of the power waves 135 of the transmitter 101 I can not.

To enable the transmitter 101 to locate and identify such an electrical device 121, a user may transmit to the transmitter 101 "tagging" data, which may be written to the internal or external mapping memory 117 can do. For example, a user may provide tagging information via a user device (e.g., laptop 121, smartphone, operating computer, or server) that communicates with transmitter 101 or external mapping memory 117 . The user device may execute an operating software application that allows a user to generate the tagging information via a graphical user interface (GUI). The tagging information may then be mapped into one or more mapping memories 117 of the system 100 for retrieval by one or more processors (e.g., a transmitter processor, a sensor processor, a user device processor) And may be stored as data (e.g., sensor data, heat-map data). Exemplary tagging information includes location data for electrical device 121, power usage level of electrical device 121, power usage duration of electrical device 121, power delivery schedule of electrical device 121, Authentication credentials of the < / RTI >

Additionally or alternatively, the tagging information for the electrical device 121 may be transmitted to the sensor 113 and / or the communication device 130 when scanning the transmission field to identify the electrical device 121 and / And can be automatically identified and generated by the components. By way of example, scanning by the sensors 113 dynamically maintains the internal mapping memory of the transmitter 101, which may update the tagging information that is manually provided to the mapping memory 117 by the user device. In an embodiment, the transmission field of the wireless power system may include one or more superplastic sensors to provide sensor 113 response (s) indicative of updated tagging information for electrical devices 121 and / or sensing objects 141 Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > periodically < / RTI > In operation, after one or more sensors 113 or communication components 111 identify the electrical device 101 and then output sensor data to the transmitter processor, The tagging information stored in the mapping memory 117 is compared with the captured sensor data. Based on this comparison, the transmitter processor must avoid transmitting 101 the power waves 135 to the electrical device 121 or transmitting the power waves 135 to the electrical device 121 .

In some embodiments, system 100 may include an operating device 123 (not shown) that serves as an interface for an operator to provide operational instructions to various components of system 100 or to set configuration settings. ). The operating device 123 may be any device having a microprocessor configured to transmit certain types of data to the components of the system 100 and communication components capable of wired or wireless communication with the components of the system 100 Lt; / RTI > A non-limiting example of an operating device 123 may be a component of a guidance device (e.g., a wireless inductive device, an infrared inductive device, a laser inductive device), a computing device, a smartphone, a tablet, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > and / or < / RTI >

In some embodiments, the operating device 123 may be an inductive device with a processor configured to execute various routines for "tagging" the electronic device 121 based on the type of technology employed. As described herein, the tagging receiver 103 and other objects 141 within the transport field indicate to the components of the system 100 whether these components need to execute a particular routine or not . As an example, the operating device 123 may transmit the tagging data to the transmitter communication component 111, the sensor 113, the mapping memory 117, or other devices in the system configured to receive and process the laser induced based tagging data Lt; / RTI > In this example, the user interacts with an interface input, such as a push button or graphical user interface (GUI), and tagging data is generated whenever the laser "tags" the desired object. In some cases, the resulting tagging data is immediately transmitted to the transmitter 101 or other device for storage in the mapping data. In some cases, the sensor 101 with laser-sensing technology can identify and detect the laser-based tag. Although additional and alternative means of tagging objects and devices are described herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that there are any number of inductive technologies that can be employed to "tag" an object and generate and detect tagging data.

In some embodiments, the operating device 123 executes a software application associated with the wireless charging system 100, and the software application includes software modules that generate and transmit the tagging data to the components of the system 100 . The tagging data generated by the software application may include information useful for identifying the location of objects and objects. That is, the tagging data may include a specific sensor (e.g., a sensor) that can tell how transmitters 101 will generate and transmit power waves 135 when a particular sensory signature (e.g., infrared) is detected And may be used to instruct the sensor 113 that the sensor 113 will generate data.

In some implementations, the operating device 123 may be a server computer or other workstation computer coupled to the transmitter processor. In such an implementation, the operator can provide tagging data directly to the external mapping memory 117, which may be stored until the transmitters 101 need it. Although Figure 1 illustrates that the operating device 123 is a separate device from the electronic devices 121 that are charged by the transmitters 101 and receivers 103, they may be the same device and function similarly You should know that you can. In other words, the electronic device 121 may function as the operating device 123 and / or the operating device 123 may provide the wireless charging service via the associated receiver 103, embedded or associated with the operating device 123 .

Ⅱ. Receiver position & heat - Judgment of map data

The transmitters of the wireless charging system may determine the position of the receiver in the transmission field covered by the transmitters. The transmitters may be associated with a mapping memory that allows transmitters to track the movement of the receiver as they move through the transmit field.

A. Exemplary Method for Hit-Mapping

In FIG. 2, an exemplary method 200 is shown in which one or more transmitters (TX) of a wireless charging system position a receiver in a transmission field so that the transmitters can transmit power waves to the receiver devices. The method 200 describes operations performed by components of a single transmitter, but at least some of such operations may be performed by other transmitters, microprocessors, computing devices, or other devices capable of receiving and issuing instructions associated with a transmitter It should be appreciated that the invention may be implemented by additional or alternative components of a wireless power transmission system, such as a device. It should also be appreciated that the operations of the exemplary method 200 may be performed by any number of transmitters or microprocessors, either at individualized intervals, or simultaneously, that are specified for each device.

In a first step 201, the transmitter TX may continuously transmit communication signals with power waves into the transmission field of the transmitter. Power waves can be any type of file with any set of characteristics that provides power to devices located at a given location within a transmission field. Non-limiting examples of power waves may include ultrasonic waves, microwaves, infrared waves, and radio frequency waves. Power waves can be transmitted with a set of specific physical characteristics (e.g., frequency, phase, energy level, amplitude, distance, direction) resulting in a power wave providing an elevated energy level at a given location in the transmission field . In this step 201, the transmitter may transmit so-called exploratory power waves, which are power fins with power levels that are relatively lower than the power levels typically used to provide power to the receiver. The exploration power waves can be used to identify the receivers and / or determine appropriate characteristics of the power wave that will ultimately provide power to the receiver in the transmission field.

A communication signal may be any type of file used by an electrical device to communicate data over an associated protocol. Non-limiting examples may include Bluetooth, NFC, Wi-FI, ZigBee ?. The communication signal can be used to communicate the parameters used by the transmitter to properly form the power waves. In this first step 201, the communication signal may include data describing characteristics of the low-level power waves being transmitted. This data can indicate, for example, the energy level and direction of the power wave transmitted with the communication signal. In some implementations, the power wave characteristics are represented by the data of the communication signal and may be used by the receiver and transmitter as parameters for a plurality of determinations. These parameters can be updated and exchanged through the communication signal to update the characteristics of the power waves being generated and transmitted.

In a next step 203, one or more of the antennas of the receiver may receive communication signals with the power waves from the transmitter. The power waves may have waveform characteristics that provide a low level of power to the power waves. The communication signal may include data indicative of characteristics of the power waves. When a transmitter forms power waves and / or transmits power waves in a particular direction of a transmission field or to a particular location, the communication components of the transmitter may generate and transmit data describing the power waves within the communication signal. For example, the communication signal may indicate information about power waveform formation such as amplitude, frequency, energy level, trajectory of power waves, and / or desired location where power waves were transmitted.

In a next step 205, the receiver uses the data in the communication signal as input parameters to indicate an indication of its position in the transmission field (e.g., reception of a probe low power wave transmission in a segment or sub-segment and / Or a clear communication of location or location information to indicate that the power level of the exploratory wave has exceeded a certain threshold). The receiver may comprise a processor configured to generate a message in response to an indication of its location in the transmitter. The receiver may be integrated in an electronic device (e.g., in a smart phone) or integrated into an electronic device (e.g., a smartphone) in a smartphone backpack (to a backpack). In an alternative embodiment, the receiver may determine its location based on the characteristics of the received power waves indicated by the received communication signal.

In some implementations, when the power waves are received by the receiver, the receiver must derive its position based on the waveform characteristics of the power waves, indicated by the communication signal. For example, the receiver processor determines the position of the receiver using data indicative of the target region (i.e., where the power waves were transmitted into the transmission field), the amount of low-level power waves, and the specific trajectory over which the power waves were transmitted can do. In this example, the receiver determines the position of the receiver relative to the target area based on the actual received amount of power, and determines, based on the trajectory of the power waves, the location in which the target area is associated with the transmitter, Its position can be determined. The means for determining the position of the receiver is merely exemplary and any number of additional or alternative calculations, inputs, parameters and other information may be communicated between the receiver and the transmitter, It should be appreciated that the receiver may be used by a receiver.

In a next step 207, after determining the position of the receiver in the transmission field, the receiver may respond to the transmitter with the updated transmission parameters to be used by the receiver forming the transmission waves. The transmitter may generate and transmit power waves with certain waveform characteristics as determined by the transmitter according to a predetermined set of parameters or provided by the receiver via the communication signal data. In this step 207, the receiver transmits the parameters to the transmitter, which is done after the receiver has determined the location where it is associated with the transmitter. In some cases, the receiver may provide updated parameters for the transmitter to use in generating and transmitting power waves.

For example, a receiver can determine the validity of power waves, the effectiveness of which can be determined as the ratio between the amount of power transmitted and the amount of power actually received by the receiver ("effectiveness ratio"). In the present example, the validity is determined using a communication signal (e.g., Bluetooth ?, Wi-Fi, NFC, ZigBee?), Which can be used as parameters for determining how the transmitter will generate and transmit power waves And transmitted to the transmitter. The receiver may transmit updated parameter data indicative of its position, as determined in previous step 205. As another example, after the receiver determines the validity ratio of the power waves and determines its position in the transmission field, the receiver pre-processes some or all of the communication signal data and sends this data to the transmitter, To be used to determine where energy pockets are placed. The receiver can then determine and transmit other useful data that the transmitter may use as updated parameters for determining the waveform characteristics of the power waves. For example, the data may comprise the battery level of the electronic device and / or the desired battery level of the electronic device.

In an optional next step 209, the transmitter may refine the transmission parameters based on the receiver feedback data to identify a more detailed location of the transmitter. As in the previous step 207, based on the initial identification scan, the transmitter may search for updated information or one or more refined information about the transmission field or a particular receiver. In some cases, this data may be stored in the mapping memory as hit-map data for a particular receiver, or it may be used to update the record for the receiver stored in the mapping memory.

In some cases, the data generated and fed back by the receiver may indicate that the positional coordinates for the receiver have changed. In other words, the updated or changed data parameters used to identify the receiver and to generate the power waves for the transmitter may be calibrated based on the movement or updated position of the receiver, as determined by the transmitter or receiver.

In a next step 211, the transmitter may calibrate the antennas of the antenna array to transmit power waves to the receiver based on the feedback communication signal data received from the receiver.

B. Tracking Algorithm & Update Hit-Map

In Figure 3, components of a wireless charging system 300 that tracks and updates mapping data for a transmission field 307 of an exemplary system 200, which implements an exemplary method similar to that shown in Figure 2, do. The exemplary system 300 includes a transmitter 301 and a receiver device 309.

The transmitter 301 may comprise a communication component 305 that transmits a communication signal to the segments 311 of the transmission field 307 at a given interval. In addition to the communication signals, the transmitter 301 does not include enough energy to provide low-level power waves, i. E. Wireless power, to the various segments 311, A power wave having an energy amount can be transmitted. The communication signal may include data indicating to which segment the low-level power was transmitted. This indication may be in the form of information that identifies various characteristics of the low-level power wave (e.g., distance, height, azimuth, elevation, power level).

While the exemplary embodiment describes the use of sequential scanning of segments within a transmission field, other scanning methods and location identification methods may be used. For example, the receiver determines its position and identifies this position in transmitting a communication signal to the transmitter. In one configuration, the segments may be replaced by use of X, Y, Z coordinates or polar coordinates (e.g., azimuth, altitude, distance). In yet another alternative embodiment, the receiver may respond to the transmitter with an indication of its position that it has received only the communication signal without receiving a low-level power wave from the transmitter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the transmitter 301 may transmit communication signals and low-level power waves in a sequential manner through the segment 311. The receiver 309 in the occupied segment 2B eventually receives the communication signal and the low-level power wave and the receiver 309 receives the low-level power wave of a certain threshold power level or higher, Level power wave. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 >

The transmitter 301 needs additional information to determine the location of the receiver 309 in more detail. In some cases, the transmitter 301 may scan the transmission field 307 more efficiently by scanning larger segments 311 of the transmission field 307. [ In such a case, segments 311 may then be too large to transmit power waves. Each time the transmitter 301 receives a response from the receiver 309 indicating that the receiver 309 has been found in a particular occupied segment 2B, the transmitter transmits the sub-segments 2B1 of the occupied segment 2B And scanning the sub-segments 2B1-4 may transmit a communication signal to each of the sub-segments 2B1-4 to determine the position of the receiver 309 to a finer resolution Lt; / RTI > Illustratively, the transmitter 301 may be capable of detecting the resolution and the transmitter 307 may transmit the communication signal horizontally along the X-axis, for example in a thirty-degree increment. When the transmitter 301 receives an indication from the receiver 307 that the receiver 309 is found in the second segment along the X-axis, the transmitter 307 can transmit the communication signal in one degree increments within the second segment have. The receiver 309 may indicate that it is located within the second sub-segment along the X-axis. This process may be repeated along the Y-axis or X-axis to determine the relative height or altitude to the receiver 309 and the relative distance to the receiver 309. [

If a predetermined threshold for granularity is met (i.e., the position of the receiver is determined within a sufficient area), and a satisfactorily small-enough energy pocket is defined near the receiver, For example, one or more power waves may be transmitted to the location of the receiver 309, defined by three-dimensional coordinates found within a small-sufficient three-dimensional space. In some embodiments, the transmitter 301 may be configured to work with the communication components of the transmitter 301 to continuously scan the transmission field 307 for the additional receiver 309. In some embodiments, While another subset of the antennas of the antenna array continue to transmit power waves to the location of the receiver 309. [ By way of illustration, the transmitter 301 allows 95% of the antenna array 303 to concentrate on transmitting power waves to occupied positions, and the remaining 5%, along with a communication component that continuously scans the transmission field 307 - continue to transmit level power waves.

The transmitter 301 detects when the receiver 309 moves when the transmitter 301 receives the updated feedback data from the receiver 309 via the communication signal. The transmitter 301 may be configured to completely shut off the power waves when the receiver 309 moves too fast to determine the new position of the receiver 309 or when the receiver 309 stops transmitting the feedback data. ). The feedback data provided by the receiver 309 may be used to identify and grasp the understanding of the transmitter 301 and / or the receiver 309 at a location where the receiver 309 is located in the transmission field 307. [ And the relative amount of power received from the power waves. Similarly, the transmitter 301 may implement a tracking algorithm to determine (i.e., determine the displacement) the receiver 309 motion pause. In some implementations, the transmitter 301 may utilize this data to estimate the relative speed at which the receiver is moving and hence how to re-adjust the power waves. In some cases, the transmitter 301 may update the power waves, causing the power waves to converge to a new location where the receiver 309 is assumed to be present, and in some cases, Prior to the arrival of the receiver 309 to the new location, the power waves are updated and transmitted to the anticipated new location. For example, as the transmitter 301 determines an increase in the rate of displacement of the receiver 309 over time, the transmitter may, at a new location along the X-axis in 5 degree increments, as opposed to 1 degree increments It is determined that the antenna can transmit.

In some cases, when the transmitter 301 examines the fine position to know which characteristics of the transmission waves are applied to the antennas (e.g., phase) of the antenna array 303, The distance from the antenna elements to a predetermined position, such as, for example, the distance to the segment 311 on the Z-axis, can be determined. In such an embodiment, transmitter 301 may precompute all points to receiver 309 or distances to other points of interest. That is, the transmitter 301 predicts the distance from all transmitter antennas so that the transmitter 301 can identify the phase and gain of the power waves. This may be done using, for example, predetermined data or tables, or may be performed in real time based on the coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the receiver. The transmitter 301 then determines the delay in the phase of each power wave, since the transmitter 301 knows the relatively precise distance to the current receiver 309. [ In some cases, this precomputed distance may be transmitted by the communication component 305 with low-level power waves.

4, an exemplary wireless power system 400 employing heat-mapping to identify receivers 409 within a service area (i.e., transmission field) of a wireless power system 400 is shown. The transmitter 401 may include a communication component 405 and an antenna array 403. [ In this example, the transmitter 401 may be located in a raised position in a room from which the transmitter 401 may be used to identify the receiver 409, such as a heat-mapping routine One or more mapping routines may be executed.

During the heat-mapping routine, the communication component 405 may continuously transmit communication signals to each sequential segment lying along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. Additionally, in some cases, the antenna array 403 may transmit a power wave (a low-level power wave) with a relatively low power level along with the communication signal into each sequential segment. The communication signal represents the parameters used to transmit the low-level power signal (e.g., intended coordinates, power level, etc.). In some cases, the receiver 409 may be configured to determine the position of the receiver in the transmission field, in order to enable the transmitter 401 to identify the position of the receiver in the transmission field, Data is used. In some cases, the receiver 409 may transmit a responsive communication signal that includes feedback data that the transmitter 401 may use to either grasp the positional coordinates of the receiver 409 or otherwise generate or interrupt power waves , Thereby responding to the communication signal through a communication channel that utilizes a communication protocol and / or technology that is separate from the power waves. The communication component 405 proceeds through each sequential segment in any order. For example, the communication component 405 transmits a communication signal to coarse interval segments within a given plane to attempt to identify the receiver 409 on that plane. The communication component 405 then proceeds to the next roughly spaced segment on its plane, but if the receiver 409 is identified in a coarse segment scan, it rescans a particular segment in the relatively finer sub-segment .

In some embodiments, the data write may be stored in a mapping memory. The data record may include data pertaining to attributes of the transport field. For example, the recording of the data in the mapping memory may store specific locations defined by the data associated with the receiver 409, the identified objects in the transport field, and a set of coordinates. The mapping memory may be a database containing data received from the transmitter 301 and / or the receiver 409. The sophistication of the data may vary from binary data of a number of bits indicating whether the receiver 409 has received a power wave to writing data pertaining to each attribute of the transmission field. 4, the mapping memory may store a plurality of data points for a plurality of attributes (e.g., receiver 409, furniture, walls, etc.), in which case the mapping memory And may store data used to logically generate the hit-map as shown in FIG.

C. Additional or alternative methods associated with hit-mapping

5, an exemplary method 500 for wirelessly transmitting power to any number of receiver devices in a transmitter is illustrated to power receiver devices in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

In a first step 501, the transmitter TX establishes or otherwise associates with the receiver RX. That is, in some embodiments, the transmitters and receivers may be wireless communication devices capable of transmitting information between two processors of an electrical device (e.g., Bluetooth ?, BLE, Wi-Fi, NFC, ZigBee? Protocol, it is possible to communicate control data through a communication signal. For example, if the embodiment is Bluetooth? Or Bluetooth? When implemented as a variant, the transmitter may scan a broadcast beacon signal of a receiver, also called an "advertisement signal ", or the receiver may transmit a broadcast signal to a transmitter. The advertisement signal can announce the presence of the receiver to the transmitter and trigger the association with the transmitter and receiver. As will be described later, in some embodiments, the advertisement signal may be used by multiple devices (e.g., transmitters, client devices, server computers, other receivers) to execute and manage the pocket forming procedure Information that can be communicated. The information contained within the advertising signal may include device identifiers (e.g., MAC address, IP address, UUID), voltage of received electrical energy, client device power consumption, and other types of data related to power waves. The transmitter may use the transmitted advertisement signal to identify the receiver, and in some cases, position the receiver within the two-dimensional space or three-dimensional space. Once the transmitter identifies the receiver, the transmitter establishes an associated connection in the transmitter with the receiver, allowing the transmitter and receiver to communicate the communication signal over the second channel.

For example, Bluetooth? When a receiver with a processor is powered up or falls within the detection range of the transmitter, Begin advertising the receivers according to the standard. The transmitter may recognize the advertisement and begin establishing a connection to communicate the control signal and the power transmission signal. In some embodiments, the advertisement signal is transmitted to all other Bluetooth < RTI ID = 0.0 > And may include a unique identifier to distinguish the advertisement from the devices and ultimately the receiver.

In a next step 503, if the transmitter detects an advertisement signal, the transmitter can automatically establish a communication connection with its receiver, which allows the transmitter and the receiver to communicate via the communication signal. The transmitter instructs the receiver to start transmission of real-time sample data or control data. The transmitter may initiate transmission of the power transmission signal from the antennas of the antenna array of the transmitter.

In a next step 505, the receiver can measure the voltage, among other metrics associated with the validity of the power transmission signals, based on the electrical energy received by the antenna of the receiver. The receiver may generate control data including the measured information, and then transmit control signals including control data to the transmitter. For example, the receiver can sample the voltage measurements of the received electrical energy at a rate of 100 per second. The receiver can send a voltage sample measurement back to the transmitter in the form of a control signal of 100 times per second.

In some embodiments, the transmitter may execute one or more software modules that monitor metrics, such as voltage measurements, received via communication signals from the receiver. The algorithms can vary the generation and transmission of the power transmission signal by the antenna of the transmitter to maximize the effectiveness of the energy pocket around the receiver. For example, the transmitter can adjust the phase at which the antenna of the transmitter transmits the power transmission signals until the power received by the receiver indicates that an effective energy pocket is established near the receiver. Once the optimal configuration for the antenna is identified, the memory of the transmitter may store its configuration to keep the transmitter broadcasting at its highest level.

In a next step 509, the transmitter's algorithm may determine when it is necessary to adjust the power transfer signal, and may vary the configuration of the transmit antenna in response to determining that such adjustment is necessary. For example, the transmitter may determine that the power received at the receiver is less than a maximum value, based on data received from the receiver. The transmitter then automatically adjusts the phase of the power transmission signals, but at the same time can continuously receive and monitor the voltage reported back from the receiver.

In a next step 511, after a determined period of communication with a particular receiver, the transmitter may scan and / or automatically detect advertisements from other receivers that may be within range of the transmitter. The transmitter may establish another communication signal connection with the second receiver and in some cases the connection may be established in response to a second receiver or transmitter each receiving an advertisement or beacon signal from a second receiver or transmitter .

In a next step 513, after establishing a second communication connection with the second receiver, the transmitter transmits the power waves to the second receiver and to the first receiver, either alternately or simultaneously, The above antennas can be adjusted. In some embodiments, a transmitter may identify a set of antennas to provide service to a second receiver, thereby analyzing the array with subsets of the arrays associated with the receiver. In some embodiments, the entire antenna array may provide service to the first receiver for a given period of time, and then the entire array may service the second receiver during that period.

The transmitter prioritizes transmissions for two or more receivers. For example, prioritization may be based on the distance between the receiver and the transmission period to determine whether the receiver can receive a sufficient amount of power due to its distance from the transmitter. This distance can be obtained from the communication signal of the transmitter and the receiver. In another example, prioritization is based on the power level of the device associated with the receiver (i.e., the battery level) and the need for the device to charge its battery (e.g., a low- It can be processed prior to the battery). The power level of the device can be obtained from the receiver in the communication signal to the transmitter. Thus, the transmitter may allocate a first subset of antennas and a second subset of antennas based on this prioritization.

Manual or automatic processes executed by the transmitter may select a subset of the arrays to service the second receiver. In this example, the array of transmitters is divided in half to form two subsets. As a result, half of the antennas are configured to transmit power transmission signals to the first receiver, and half of the antennas can be configured for the second receiver. At present step 513, the transmitter may apply similar techniques as described above to configure or optimize a subset of antennas for the second receiver. When selecting a subset of the array for transmitting power transmission signals, the transmitter and the second receiver may be communicating control signals. As a result, until the transmitter alternately communicates back to the first receiver and / or scans the new receiver, the transmitter may have already received enough sample data to effectively transmit power waves to the second receiver, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > subset < / RTI >

In a next step 515, after adjusting the second subset to transmit power transmission signals to the second receiver, the transmitter alternately communicates control data to the first receiver or scans additional receivers. The transmitter reconstructs the antennas of the first subset and then alternates between the first and second receivers at predetermined intervals.

In a next step 517, the transmitter continuously alternates between receivers at a predetermined interval and scans the new receiver. As each new receiver is detected, the transmitter establishes a connection and begins transmitting power transmission signals.

In one exemplary embodiment, the receiver may be electrically connected to a device such as a smart phone. The processor of the transmitter scans any bluetooth device. The receiver can be configured to receive, for example, Bluetooth? Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > Bluetooth-enabled < / RTI > Within the advertisement there may be a unique identifier that allows the receiver transmitter of the response to the advertisement to distinguish the advertisement of that receiver and consequently to distinguish the receiver from all other receivers in the transmission area. If it detects a notice or advertisement called a receiver, the transmitter immediately establishes a communication connection with the receiver and instructs the receiver to begin transmitting real-time sample data.

The receiver then measures the voltage at its receive antenna and sends the voltage sample measurement back to the transmitter (e.g., up to 100 times per second or higher). The transmitter begins to vary the configuration of the transmit antennas by adjusting the phase. As the transmitter adjusts its phase, the transmitter monitors the voltage transmitted back from the receiver. In some implementations, the higher the voltage, the more energy may be in the pocket. The antenna phase can be changed until the voltage is at its highest level and the energy pocket near the receiver is at its maximum. The transmitter maintains the antenna in a specific phase so that the voltage is at the highest level.

The transmitter varies each individual antenna, one at a time. For example, if there are 32 antennas in the transmitter and each antenna has 8 phases, the transmitter starts with the first antenna, causing the first antenna to step into 8 phases. The receiver can then retransmit the power level for each of the eight phases of the first antenna. The transmitter can then store the highest phase for the first antenna. The transmitter repeats this process for the second antenna and steps it up to eight phases. The receiver transmits power levels from each phase again, and the transmitter stores the highest level. The transmitter then repeats the process for the third antenna and continues to repeat the process until all 32 antennas are phased in to eight phases. At the end of the process, the transmitter can transmit the maximum voltage to the receiver in the most efficient manner.

In another exemplary embodiment, the transmitter detects the advertisement of the second receiver and forms a communication connection with the second receiver. If the transmitter establishes a communication with the second receiver, the transmitter causes the original 32 antennas to aim at the second receiver and repeats the phase process for each of the 32 antennas aimed at the second receiver. Once the process is complete, the second receiver can take as much power as possible from that transmitter. The transmitter communicates with the second receiver for one second, then alternates back to the first receiver for a predetermined period of time (e. G., One second), and the transmitter continuously transmits the first receiver and the second receiving period Alternately.

In another implementation, the transmitter detects the advertisement of the second receiver and forms a communication connection with the second receiver. First, the transmitter communicates with the first receiver and reassigns half of the exemplary 32 to antennas aimed at the first receiver, leaving only 16 dedicated to the first receiver. The transmitter assigns the second half of the antennas to the second receiver so that the sixteen antennas are dedicated to the second receiver. The transmitter can adjust the phases for the second half of the antennas. If each of the 16 antennas has passed through eight phases, the second receiver will acquire the maximum voltage in the most efficient manner for the receiver.

D. Moving Application to Receiver

In some cases, the receiver may be embedded within the electrical device or controlled by a software application associated with the wireless power system. This occurs, for example, when the receiver and the electrical device are the same product or the receiver has the capability to receive power waves but does not have an operational communication component. In that case, a software application, such as a smartphone application, can be used to identify or "tag" the receiver on behalf of the transmitter.

The tag may be any means for conveying to the transmitter that the transmitter is responsible for the transmission of power waves to the receiver of the electrical device, regardless of whether a typical data exchange occurs. For example, in one embodiment, an operator uses a smartphone that executes a software application of the system to inform the transmitter that there is no communication component, but to transmit a power wave to a wall clock with a receiver antenna. Using a smartphone application, the user places the smartphone near the wall clock, selects the input interface and transmits the transfer field coordinates of the wall clock to the mapping memory and / or the transmitter. As a result, the transmitter will continue to transmit power waves to the receiver based on the current "tagged" position provided by the smartphone application.

In some cases, the smartphone application may create an interface that displays to the user a suggested location for receiving power waves within the energy pocket. That is, the smartphone application identifies where the transmitters and / or receivers have determined to form an energy pocket and queries the memory map to avoid identified sensing objects. The mapping memory data provides the smartphone application with coordinate data that can be preconfigured to be understood and decrypted by the smartphone application to identify the locations of the energy pockets. However, in some embodiments, the smartphone may execute one or more algorithms that are executed by the receiver devices, as described herein, to identify the most efficient location for deploying the receiver. The smartphone application can dynamically determine, within the transmission field, where the receiver can receive the most efficient power from the power or energy pockets transmitted by the one or more transmitters to the transmission field. The smartphone application determines which power pocket is the most efficient or closest from any number of power pockets in the transmission field and then creates an interface with an indicator that directs the user to the energy pocket as shown by the arrow.

Ⅲ. Identification of transmitter sensors & sensing objects

Some modes of operation are sensitive to regulatory requirements pertaining to organisms and sensing objects. The organism includes other organisms such as humans and livestock. The sensing objects include specific equipment and other valuable objects sensitive to electromagnetic energy in the power wave. In another mode of operation, the sensors may detect inanimate object that has been tagged to avoid wireless power transmission, such as an obstacle to power transmission, within the trajectory of the power wave. Under such circumstances, data sensors cause the transmitter to reduce or terminate power waves, redirect power waves (e.g., to avoid obstacles), or cause other responses as described above.

The system for forming an energy pocket also includes safety measures to cope with environments in which entities (e.g., objects) in the transmission field interfere with the reliable detection of human, other organisms, or sensing objects near the energy pocket do. In one embodiment, the sensors detect inanimate objects or other entities (hereinafter referred to as objects) that have been tagged to be excluded from receiving a wireless power transmission in the trajectory of the power waves. Under such circumstances, sensors cause other safety measures, such as causing the transmitter to reduce or terminate power waves and / or to redirect power waves away from the tagged object and / or to activate alarms. The tagged inanimate objects may include objects that can be occupied by a child or baby, such as, for example, a crib, and obstacles that impede sensor reception.

The user may communicate transmitter tagging information to be recorded in the transmitter's mapping memory so that the transmitter can detect and identify the object that the user desires to exclude from receiving the wireless power. For example, a user may provide tagging information via a user device in communication with a controller of a transmitter via a graphical user interface (GUI) of the user device. The exemplary tagging information includes positional data for an electrical device, including one-dimensional coordinates of the spatial region containing the object, two-dimensional coordinates of the spatial region containing the object, and three-dimensional coordinates of the spatial region containing the object .

Additionally, tagging information for an object to be excluded from receiving wireless power may be provided by scanning the transmission field of the wireless power system with a sensor to detect such an object. Scanning by the sensor dynamically maintains the mapping memory of the transmission, for example, to update the tagging information previously provided to the mapping memory via the user device, as described above. In an embodiment, the transmission field of the wireless power system uses one or more of the superconducting sensors, ultrasonic sensors, millimeter sensors and power sensors, or other sensor technologies to update the object to be excluded from receiving wireless power Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > tagged < / RTI > information.

Sensors can detect various situations, such as the presence of a sensing object or tagged objects in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space (e.g., a transmission field) that is served by a wireless charging system. Sensors and transmitters, which work together with one or more transmitters of a wireless charging system, provide a secure, reliable and efficient wireless power by dynamically generating, regulating and / or terminating power waves generated by transmitters Perform several methods. As described in more detail herein, when determining appropriate waveform characteristics for a power wave, the transmitter can calculate the power levels of these power waves converging to form an energy pocket at a predetermined location in the transmission field. These power level measurements may include, for example, the power density (W / m2) and / or the electric field level (V / m), although other measurements will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

A. Sensing Devices & Regulating Power Waves

FIG. 6 illustrates the steps of an exemplary method 600 of wireless power transmission using sensor data to automatically identify and adjust a particular operating situation of a wireless power transmission system.

In a first step 601, the transmitter computes power waves for a predetermined position in the transmission field, which may be a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space receiving wireless power services from transmitters of the wireless power system. The transmitter may calculate the power waves for a predetermined position during the start of operation of the transmitter, or may calculate the power waves for a predetermined position during the continuous wireless power transmission of the transmitter. In some implementations, the transmitter calculates power waves for a predetermined position to form energy pockets at predetermined positions. As described herein, in calculating the power waves, the transmitter may form one or more first energy pockets at a predetermined location, such as power density (W / m2) and / or electric field level (V / m) The power levels of the power waves converging in the three-dimensional space can be calculated.

In some embodiments of this step 601, the calculated power waves of the transmitter for a predetermined position may be mapped data or heat-map data, which is used to determine the pocket-formed positions for the power waves transmitted by the transmitter . The hit-map data may be stored in a mapping database maintained by a transmitter, or may be maintained in a database stored external to the transmitter, such as a database stored in a server communicating with the transmitter. In an embodiment, the transmitter associates the calculated power waves with the location coordinates (e.g., 3D or 2D coordinates) of the transmission field at a predetermined location.

In further or alternative embodiments of this step 601, the transmitter includes power waves converging within the transmission field to form one or more first energy pockets at a predetermined location, And transmits the converged power transmission signals to form the second energy pockets. In an embodiment, the power waves create side lobes, which sometimes results in the formation of unwanted second energy pockets. In an embodiment, both the predetermined location of the one or more first energy pockets and the second location of the second energy pockets are included in the heat-map of the pocket forming locations of the transmitter. If such a side lobe results in an undesired second energy pocket, the position data for the second energy pocket will produce a null at the location of the second energy pocket (i.e., converge the power waves to produce constructive interference) . ≪ / RTI >

In the next step 603, the sensors can communicate sensor data related to the situation in the power transmission field to the transmitter. In an embodiment, the sensors communicate sensor data related to an unsafe or forbidden situation of the system (e.g., power levels for power waves transmitted at a particular location may exceed an acceptable amount). In one embodiment, the sensors communicate sensor data related to the presence of an organism or sensing object in a transmission field. In another embodiment, the sensors communicate sensor data associated with the presence of one or more objects to be excluded from receiving power waves. For example, it may be desirable to avoid sending power waves to a particular location, regardless of whether a person is currently detected by the sensor at a particular location.

In an embodiment of step 603, the sensors acquire location-related information about the organism or object and communicate to the transmitter. In an embodiment, the one or more sensors obtain information about the distance of the detected organism or object from one or more sensors. In another embodiment, the one or more sensors acquire information indicative of the movement of an organism or object based on a series of data at another point in time indicative of the presence of the organism or object. In another embodiment of step 603, the sensors acquire and communicate at least one non-location attribute and location-related information of an organism or object. In an embodiment, the at least one non-location attribute of the organism or object includes at least one of a superconducting sensor response, an optical sensor response, an ultrasonic sensor response, and a millimeter sensor response.

In step 605, the transmitter determines whether to adjust the power waves for the predetermined position based on the sensor data acquired and communicated in the previous step 603. [ In an embodiment, the transmitter compares position data for the organism or object identified by the sensors in the previous step 603 with the one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional coordinates of the predetermined location. In an embodiment, the transmitter calculates the power level (e.g., power density W / m < 2 >), electric field level (e.g., V / m)) with one or more maximum allowable power levels for safe operation.

In another embodiment of step 605, the transmitter compares object detection data that is associated with one or more objects and that can be stored as mapping data or sensor data, with tagging information indicating that the object is excluded from receiving power waves . In an embodiment, the tagging information indicating that a given object is excluded from receiving power waves is previously transmitted to the transmitter by the user device, such as a smartphone or workstation computer executing a software application associated with the wireless power charging system . In another embodiment, the tagging information associated with the object to be excluded from receiving power waves may be transmitted by one or more sensors to the transmitter, e.g., while scanning a transmission field for an object, such as a sensing object and / Lt; / RTI > In a further embodiment, the one or more sensors obtain a measure of the sensitivity of the sensors at various locations within the transmission field and communicate the sensitivity measurements to the transmitter. Areas within the transmission field where the sensors have low sensor sensitivity measurements are tagged to be excluded from receiving power waves by the sensor processor or transmitter processor.

At next step 607, after determining the power level for transmitting the power waves, the transmitter calibrates the antenna and transmits the power waves based on the determination made during the previous step 605. [ In an environment where the determination fails to detect an unstable or forbidden situation, the power waves transmitted in step 607 may have waveform characteristics (e.g., power levels) that were initially calculated in the previous step 605 have. On the other hand, in an environment in which the determination detects an unsafe or forbidden situation, the power waves transmitted in step 607 may be terminated, or they may be adjusted from power waves calculated in step 601 as needed Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > and / or < / RTI > In various embodiments, an unsafe or forbidden situation includes an organism or organism that is indicative of proximity (e.g., contact, proximity, proximity) to an organism or sensing object at a predetermined location (e.g., location relative to the energy pocket) Information related to the position of the object, or object detection data corresponding to the tagging information related to the object to be excluded from reception of the power waves.

In an embodiment of step 607, if the determination at step 605 identifies an unsafe or forbidden situation, the transmitter reduces the power level of the power waves at the predetermined location. In another embodiment, if the determination at step 605 identifies an unsafe or forbidden situation, the transmitter terminates transmission of power waves to a predetermined location. In a further embodiment, if the determination at step 605 identifies an unsafe or forbidden situation, the transmitter adjusts the characteristics of the power waves to weaken the amount of energy provided by the power waves at predetermined locations. In another embodiment, if the determination at step 605 identifies a situation where an unsafe or forbidden condition is present at a particular location in the transmission field, the transmitter may adjust the characteristics of the power waves to redirect power waves around the particular location The antenna arrays of the transmitter can be adjusted. Additionally or alternatively, based on the sensor data received from the sensor associated with the transmitter, if the transmitter identifies an unsafe or forbidden situation in step 605, the transmitter activates the alert.

The initially computed or modulated power waves transmitted in the current step 607 may be an RF wave that converges into constructive interference patterns that may be intercepted or received by the antenna of the receiver, . The receiver rectifies the RF wave to convert the rectified RF wave into a constant DC voltage that will be used to charge the electronic device or provide power to the electronic device.

B. Adaptive regulation of power wave in continuous power charging

FIG. 7 shows steps of an exemplary method 700 for wireless power transmission to protect an organism and other sensing objects during continuous transmission of power waves by a transmitter of the wireless power system. The transmitters of the wireless power system have sensors that detect whether the organism or sensing object is in close proximity to one or more energy pockets, power waves, and / or transmitters. In such an environment, the sensor data generated by the sensor allows the transmitter to reduce or terminate the power level of the power waves, among a number of additional or alternative operations.

In a first step 701, the transmitter transmits power waves to a predetermined location. As described above, the power waves transmitted in this step 701 converge to a three-dimensional constructive interference pattern, resulting in one or more energy pockets at a predetermined location. The predetermined location may be included in the mapping data, such as, for example, sensor data or heat-map data, which is used to determine where in the transmission field to transmit the power waves. In some implementations, the mapping data, including predetermined locations, may be stored in a mapping memory internal or external to the transmitter. In some implementations, the mapping data may be generated in real time or near real time by a transmitter processor or a sensor processor. Further, in some implementations, the mapping data, including predetermined locations, may be provided from the user device via a software application associated with the wireless charging system.

In some embodiments of step 701, the transmitter includes power waves converging on the transmission field to form an energy pocket in a predetermined position, and a second energy pocket in a second position within the transmission field, And transmits power waves converging to form a second energy pocket. That is, in some cases, the power waves result in the generation of a side lobe of power waves, in addition to the first energy pocket created at a predetermined location, resulting in the formation of one or more second energy pockets. In some implementations, the predetermined location for the first energy pocket and the second location having the second energy pocket may include mapping data (e.g., sensor data, hit-map data ). Although the waveform generation and transmission techniques may be employed to avoid or reduce the formation of side lobes, various embodiments of the wireless power transmission disclosed herein, such as exemplary method 700, When present in the transmission field, the organism or sensing object can be intelligently protected.

In a next step 703, the one or more sensors acquire raw sensor data or processed sensor data indicative of the presence of an organism or sensing object, and transmit raw or processed sensor data to the transmitter Communication. In an embodiment, the sensors are capable of acquiring and communicating location-related information regarding an organism or a sensing object. In an embodiment, the one or more sensors may acquire and communicate at least one non-location attribute and location-related information of the organism or sensing object to the transmitter. In an embodiment, the at least one non-location attribute of the organism or sensing object may comprise at least one of a superconducting sensor response, an optical sensor response, an ultrasonic sensor response, and a millimeter sensor response.

In an embodiment, the first sensor is disposed at a first location on the transmitter and the second sensor is located at a second location on the transmitter spaced from the first location. The first and second sensors acquire stereoscopic data representing the presence of an organism or a sensing object.

In an embodiment, the first sensor provides a first type of data indicative of the presence of an organism or sensing object, and the second sensor provides a second type of data indicative of the presence of an organism or sensing object. The use of mixed sensor types typically improves target discrimination. In an embodiment, at least one of the first type of data and the second type of data represents a location within the three-dimensional space of the organism or sensing object.

In an embodiment, the one or more sensors include one or more of body temperature data, infrared range meter data, motion data, behavior recognition data, silhouette data, gesture data, heart rate data, portable device data, and wearable device data. Acquires human-recognition enabled sensor data and communicates to the transmitter. Additionally or alternatively, one or more sensors for acquiring sensor data indicative of the presence of an organism or sensing object may comprise one or more of a passive sensor, an active sensor and a smart sensor. The sensors may include one or more of an infrared sensor, a superconducting sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a laser sensor, an optical sensor, a Doppler sensor, an accelerometer, a microwave sensor, a millimeter sensor, a resonant LC sensor and an RF standing wave sensor.

At a next step 705, the transmitter transmits sensor data having location-related information corresponding to the organism or the sensing object, as indicated by the raw or processed sensor data generated by the sensor indicating the presence of the organism or sensing object , A sensor, or a mapping memory. By way of example, the one or more sensors may include raw sensor data identifying the presence of an organism or sensing object, processing raw sensor data, and information indicating the distance of the organism or sensing object from the one or more sensors or transmitters And generates sensor data.

In yet another embodiment, the first sensor is disposed at a first location on the transmitter and the second sensor is located at a second location on the transmitter that is spaced from the first location. At step 705, the transmitter obtains stereoscopic position data associated with the organism or the sensing object, based on data acquired by the first and second sensors disposed at spaced locations on the transmitter. In an embodiment, in step 705, the transmitter determines the proximity of an organism or sensing object to a predetermined location for power waves or other locations within a transmission field that should avoid transmission of power waves, , ≪ / RTI > and other information.

In a further embodiment, the one or more sensors acquire raw sensor data or generate information indicative of the displacement or movement of the organism or sensing object in the transmission field, based on a series of data indicating the presence of the organism or sensing object at another point in time ≪ / RTI > At step 705, the transmitter uses this motion information to sense movement of the organism or sensing object to a predetermined position.

In some embodiments, at step 705, one or more of the sensors, the transmitter, or both, are configured to filter sensor data representing the presence of an organism or sensing object, or to identify false positives (i.e., A false indication of the presence of an object). This filter can query and / or modify / / remove information about the location of an organism or a sensing object as needed. By way of example, a sensor processor of a superplastic sensor may apply a filtering technique to superconducting sensor data associated with an extraheat source detected in the transmitter's transmission field. In this example, filtering may exclude data points corresponding to external hit sources from sensor data representing an organism or a sensing object.

In a next step 707, the transmitter determines whether to adjust the characteristics of the power waves based on the mapping data or location data associated with the organism or sensing object identified in the sensor data. The transmitter compares position data for the organism or sensing object obtained in the previous step 705 with plane coordinates (e.g., one-dimensional coordinates, two-dimensional coordinates, three-dimensional coordinates, polar coordinates) associated with the predetermined position , The coordinates for the predetermined location may be stored in a mapping memory of the wireless charging system or transmitter. In an embodiment, the transmitter may calculate power levels (e.g., power density (W / m2) and / or power levels) generated by power waves at predetermined locations, which may be the power levels that were calculated in previous step 701 Electrical field levels (V / m)) to one or more maximum allowable power levels for the organism or sensing object.

In some implementations, at step 707, the transmitter may apply secure techniques to determine whether to adjust power waves using position data in sensor data associated with an organism or a sensing object. One safe technique is to use an organism or sensing object with a power level (e.g., 10% -20% margin), including a maximum acceptable power level or a regulatory limit for EMF exposure or an error margin Or to the extent that they are not exposed near the limit. The second safety technique involves a multi-step determination of how to adjust the characteristics of the power waves and how to adjust them. For example, in a first step, the position data generated by the sensor may indicate movement of the organism or sensing object towards the location of the energy pocket, which may be a decision to reduce the power level of the power waves The sensing object is expected to enter the energy pocket). In a second step, the position data may indicate the arrival of the organism or sensing object to the location of the energy pocket, resulting in a decision to terminate the power waves.

In a next step 709, if the transmitter determines in previous step 707 to adjust the power wave based on position data in the sensor data associated with the organism or the sensing object, the transmitter performs one or more operations. In some cases, if the transmitter determines to adjust the power waves in the previous step 707, the transmitter reduces the power level of the power waves at the predetermined location. In some cases, if the transmitter decides to adjust or terminate the power waves in a previous step 707, it terminates the transmission of power waves to a predetermined location. In some cases, if the transmitter determines to adjust the power waves in the previous step 707, the transmitter weakens the amount of energy in the power waves at the predetermined location. In some embodiments, if the transmitter determines to adjust the power waves in a previous step 707, the transmitter redirects transmission of power waves near the organism or sensing object. Additionally or alternatively, if the transmitter determines to adjust the power waves in a previous step 707, the transmitter activates an alarm in the transmitter or wireless charging system.

C. Avoiding Object Tagging

Figure 8 illustrates a method for wireless power transmission in which the sensor acquires object detection data by detecting one or more objects that may be inanimate objects, such as obstacles to power transmission, during continuous transmission of power waves by the transmitter . The transmitter compares the object detection data with the identification information associated with the entities that are excluded from receiving the power waves and determines whether to adjust the transmission of the power waves based on the comparison.

At step 801, the transmitter transmits the power waves to a predetermined location. In an embodiment, the power waves transmitted in this step converge into a three-dimensional pattern to form one or more energy pockets at predetermined locations.

At step 803, at least one sensor acquires object detection data indicating the presence of one or more objects and communicates to the transmitter. In an embodiment, the object detection data includes location-related information for one or more objects. In an embodiment, the object detection data comprises at least one non-location attribute for one or more objects and location related information for one or more objects. In an embodiment, the at least one sensor includes at least one of a passive sensor, an active sensor, and a smart sensor. In an embodiment, the at least one sensor includes at least one of an infrared sensor, a superconducting sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a laser sensor, an optical sensor, a Doppler sensor, an accelerometer, a microwave sensor, a millimeter sensor, .

In step 805, the transmitter determines whether to adjust the transmission of power waves by comparing the object detection data with the identification information associated with the entity to be excluded from receiving the power wave. In an embodiment, the identification information for the object to be excluded from receiving the power wave has been previously communicated by the user to the transmitter for storage in the database of the transmitter. The identification information includes information about the position of the object to be excluded from receiving the power waves and may include non-position information about the object to be excluded from receiving the power waves. A user may provide identification information using a graphical user interface (GUI) (e.g., a standard web browser) on a computer device in communication with the transmitter. A computer device may be, for example, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet, a PDA, a smartphone and / or any other type of processor-controlled device that receives, processes and / or transmits digital data. The computer device may be configured to download a graphical user interface from an application store to communicate with the transmitter.

In yet another embodiment, identification information for an object to be excluded from reception of power waves is provided to the transmitter by at least one sensor through scanning of a transmission field for wireless power transmission to detect identification information.

In an embodiment, the identification information for an entity to be excluded from reception of power waves may include one-dimensional coordinates of the spatial region containing the entity, two-dimensional coordinates of the spatial region containing the entity, Dimensional coordinates.

In an embodiment, the object detection data comprises at least one non-location attribute of the one or more objects and location-related information for the one or more objects. In an embodiment, the at least one non-position attribute includes at least one of superelectronic sensor responses, optical sensor responses, ultrasonic sensor responses, millimeter sensor responses of a nominated device, power sensor responses of one or more objects .

In an embodiment, at least one sensor acquires a sensitivity measurement of the sensor in various spatial regions and communicates the sensitivity measurement to a transmitter. The spatial domain with low sensitivity measurements of the sensor is tagged by the transmitter to be excluded from receiving the power waves. This dynamic scanning method avoids the transmission of power waves to a spatial region where the sensor is blocked or undetectable from detecting unsafe or forbidden situations of the wireless power transmission system.

In an embodiment, the object detection data includes position related information for one or more objects, and the identification information includes coordinates of an entity to be excluded from receiving power waves. In determining whether to control the transmission of power waves, the transmitter determines whether the location-related information indicates that one or more objects are close to the coordinates of the entity to be excluded from receiving power waves.

In step 807, if the transmitter determines to adjust the transmission of power waves in step 805, the transmitter decreases the power level, terminates transmission of the power waves, or redirects the power waves. In an embodiment, if the transmitter determines to adjust the transmission of power waves in step 805, the transmitter decreases the power level of the power waves at the predetermined location. In another embodiment, if the transmitter determines to adjust the transmission of power waves in step 805, the transmitter ends transmission of power waves to a predetermined location. In a further embodiment, if the transmitter determines to adjust the transmission of power waves in step 805, the transmitter weakens the energy of the power waves at a predetermined location. In another embodiment, if the transmitter determines to adjust the transmission of power waves in step 805, the transmitter redirects the power waves. Additionally, if the transmitter determines to adjust the transmission of power waves in step 805, the transmitter activates an alert.

D. Identify receivers with sensors

As previously described, in some implementations, sensors may be configured to identify a receiver in a transmission field in which to receive power waves from a transmitter. In such an implementation, the transmitter may collect mapping data for the receiver in the transmission field as an alternative or supplement to the communication component typically used by the transmitter to identify the receiver. By way of example, this alternative or additional solution for receiving a receiver may be implemented by a transmitter when the receiver and / or the transmitter do not have access to the communication component.

9 shows a method for wireless power transmission to provide or charge power to an electrical device selected to receive power from a wireless power system. For example, the method of FIG. 9 can send wireless power to an electrical device, such as an alarm clock or smoke alarm, that does not include a communication component that transmits communication signals to the transmitter to exchange data in real time or near real- have. In this method, sensors detect electrical devices and communicate device detection data to a transmitter. The transmitter refers to a database of the transmitter that includes identification information for the one or more named devices to determine if the device detected data corresponds to such a named device selected to receive power from the transmitter. Based on this determination, the transmitter may transmit power waves converging to form one or more energy pockets at the location of any detected electrical device corresponding to the nominal device selected to receive the wireless power transmission.

In step 901, at least one sensor acquires device detection data indicative of the presence of the electrical device. In an embodiment, the device detection data includes information on the location of the electrical device. In another embodiment, the device detection data includes at least one non-location attribute of the electrical device and information about the location of the electrical device. In an implementation, the at least one sensor includes at least one of super sensor, optical sensors, ultrasonic sensors, millimeter sensors, and power sensors among other sensor technologies.

In step 903, the transmitter determines whether the device detection data acquired in step 901 corresponds to a selected device selected to receive power from the transmitter. In an embodiment, identification information for one or more named devices selected to receive power from a transmitter has been previously communicated to a transmitter by a user for storage in a database of the transmitter. The identification information may include information about the location of one or more named devices, and may include non-location information about the named device. The user provides identification information using a graphical user interface (GUI) (e.g., a standard web browser) on a computer device that communicates with the transmitter. A computer device may be, for example, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet, a PDA, a smartphone and / or any other type of processor-controlled device capable of receiving, processing and / or transmitting digital data. The computer device may be configured to download a graphical user interface from an application store to communicate with the transmitter.

In an embodiment, the device detection data includes information about the location of the electrical device and the transmitter stores the information in a one-dimensional coordinate within the spatial domain that includes the previously stored, named device, Two-dimensional coordinates, or three-dimensional coordinates in a spatial region including a naming device. In the example, the transmitter compares device detection data representing the location of an electrical device (e.g., a wall clock) at coordinates within the transmission field with a previously stored data record in the database coupled to the transmitter, And data for a location device selected to receive power. Based on the correspondence between the location of the electrical device and the previously stored transfer field coordinates, the transmitter determines that the electrical device corresponds to a wall clock, and thus the wall clock must receive power waves from the transmitter at specific coordinates.

In an embodiment, the device detection data includes at least one non-location attribute of the electrical device and information about the location of the electrical device. In an embodiment, the at least one non-position attribute includes at least one of super-conductive sensor responses, optical sensor responses, ultrasonic sensor responses, millimeter sensor responses of a nominal device, and power sensor responses of a nominal device . In an example of a non-location attribute, the device detection data includes an identifier, such as an RFID tag, which compares the identifier with a unique identifier of a location device previously stored in the transmitter. Based on the correspondence between the identifier of the device detection data and the previously stored unique identifier of the named device, the transmitter determines that the electrical device corresponds to the named device. The transmitter can make a decision to transmit power to the electrical device in this example even if the electrical device has moved to a location other than the location of the named device previously stored in the transmitter database.

In an embodiment, the device detection data includes information at the location of the electrical device, and in addition to performing the determining step 903, the transmitter may determine, for future reference, mapping information corresponding to the location of the electrical device . In an embodiment, the device detection data includes information about the location of the electrical device, and in addition to performing the determining step 903, the transmitter updates the previously stored mapping information, which corresponds to the location of the electrical device .

In an embodiment of step 903, in determining whether the device detection data corresponds to a named device, the transmitter may determine a level of one or more power usage of the named device, a duration of power usage of the named device, a power schedule of the named device, Further determining identification and attribute information for the named device, including one or more of the device's authentication credentials.

In step 905, if the device detection data corresponds to a selected device selected to receive power from the transmitter, the transmitter transmits power waves for reception by the electrical device. In an embodiment to determine identification and attribute information for a transmitter nomenclature device, the identification and attribute information controls when the transmitter transmits or transmits power waves for reception by the electrical device. The identification and attribution information includes, for example, the power usage of the nomination device, the power usage period of the nomination device, the power schedule of the nomination device, and the authentication credentials of the nomination device.

In step 907, when the electrical device is connected to the receiver, the receiver intercepts the power waves and switches to charge the electrical device or provide power thereto. In an example where the power wave is an RF wave forming one or more energy pockets in the form of a reinforcing interference pattern of RF waves and the receiver collecting energy from the resulting energy pocket, the receiver rectifies the energy from the RF wave generating the energy pocket And converts the rectified RF wave into a constant DC voltage that can charge the electrical device or provide power to it.

E. EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT

In the following exemplary embodiment of a sensor subsystem of a wireless power transmitter ("transmitter"), the transmitter may comprise two types of sensors: a primary sensor and a secondary sensor. The primary sensor may implement any sensor technology capable of capturing and generating sensor data relating to temperature and heat information for an object (e.g., an organism) disposed within a transfer field, which may include an infrared or thermal sensor have. The secondary sensor may operate with sensor technology, such as an ultrasonic sensor, which is intended to approximate the transmitter using alternative sensor technology and / or to measure objects at some distance therefrom. It should be noted that, in some implementations, references to "primary" and "secondary" sensors do not always indicate a priority level of information generated by these sensors.

Following this example, the primary thermal sensor and the secondary distance sensor report analog data (i.e., raw sensor data) directly to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) associated with each sensor. The operations of the ASIC may be controlled by a sensor processor, which may be a microcontroller or processor configured to control the ASCI. As an example, after receiving raw sensor data, each ASIC can digitize, process, and communicate to each processor the processed sensor data. The ASIC and / or sensor processor may be integrated into the sensor assembly and spaced from the sensors by some physical or mechanical distance. In some embodiments, the ASIC and / or sensor processor may communicate data and instructions using Serial-Peripheral-Interface (SPI) and / or I2C serial digital communication interfaces. In some embodiments, the sensor processor and / or the primary and secondary sensor assemblies may be integrated or spaced into a single integrated circuit board ("sensor PCB"), depending on the specific mechanical requirements, Do. In this example, the sensor has a single PCB with a sensor processor and an ASIC.

In operation, the sensor processor will communicate the processed sensor data with one or more transmitters. For example, the processor uses the SPI to send sensor data to the command-and-control-unit (CCU) of the primary transmitter. In some implementations, communication between the sensor PCB and the CCU can be performed only when required to optimize the safe and effective operation of the system, but maintains the optimal resource (e.g., power, memory, processing) efficiency.

I. Exemplary Calibration Operation

At a first time sample (e.g., time = 0 (T0)), the system is powered on or initialized for a first time or after the memory is purged. A self-test is performed to determine if the component is operating at a low level of power. Network connectivity and a secondary check to check for software updates (assuming an Internet connection is found) is performed. Assuming that all systems are up and the firmware is up-to-date, the sensor PCB will perform a self-calibration that will be completed in less than 2 seconds. The sensor PCB is fully operational without network connectivity and can complete the calibration. Network connectivity will not be a precursor for safe and effective operation.

In some implementations, self-calibration is initiated at startup and subsequently, when multiple criteria are met simultaneously. As an example, in the case of a primary sensor operating in thermal based technology, the sensor determines whether there is no thermal object of interest (TOoI) in the field of view, And the presence of the power receiver is detected via the CCU. In the case of the second sensor of this exemplary embodiment, the start-up criterion requires that the transmitter be static, without the presence of a thermal object of interest in the transmission field for the minimum amount of time required to perform the self-calibration and no movement detected .

Then, the primary sensor self-correcting process and gain control are started when it is not detected at all that it may have been determined to be a thermal object of interest in the transmission field. In other words, the sensor may be any object with a thermal and / or shape profile that is likely to match the presence of an organism including, but not limited to, a pet that freely roams the transmission field and a person of any age It should not be detected. The primary sensor can then execute a self-correcting processor, in accordance with the techniques implemented.

In an exemplary method of self-calibrating a primary sensor, the primary sensor may be self-calibrating using an isothermal shutter that covers the lens or input to the sensor's thermal camera sensor for a short period of time in operation . A previously calibrated independent temperature sensor (e.g., an NTC or PCT thermistor, 2 or 4-contact RTD, thermocouple or other precise temperature sensing device) is integrated with the primary sensor assembly, Or as close to isothermal as the input shutter device. While the isothermal shutter inhibits the primary sensor input, the entire pixel array of the thermal camera and the external temperature sensing device are read. The analog sensor value of each thermal pixel is analyzed and assigned (corrected) to the temperature reading of the external (shutter-isothermal) temperature sensing device. This analog-to-digital thermal-auto-calibration is a function of the primary sensor ASIC and may or may not require external input or interaction from the sensor processor / controller. If the shutter is opened again (the primary sensor is not blocked), the readings from each pixel in the large array of thermal pixels of the primary sensor will be assigned an accurate and absolute temperature reading. These values will be analyzed in all subsequent thermal array sets (thermal frames) by the sensor processor to determine the location of any TOoI within the transmission field or near the room / space.

The correction of the secondary sensor may occur within one second or at the same time of the primary sensor correction, if scene movement or TOoI is not detected by the primary sensor. The operation of the ultrasonic distance and other proximity sensors is to transmit a small number of fast transmission pulses into a room or space and to receive reflexes from all objects in the room. The transmission pattern is typically issued for less than 1/1000 of a second (< 1 ms), and its reflection is influenced by the depth range, sensing and bounding of the region of interest (including the area of the wireless power transmission) Detected for several tens of milliseconds. Under these circumstances, the reflections collected by each secondary sensor will form a reference frame or a background reflection pattern in which a future secondary sensor receive frame will be measured.

Ii. Normal operation:

After the primary sensor is calibrated, an object such as a thermal object of interest (TOoI) can be sensed and identified by the sensor processor. When TOoI is detected, a pair of ultrasound or proximity sensors send a standard transmission pulse and receive the reflection pattern again. The reflection pattern provides distance and angle to TOoI, based on mathematical (e.g., trigonometric) sensor analysis and processing. The mathematical expression and the reflection processing are used to detect and track an organism (e.g., human, animal) in the power transfer field, and in some embodiments, the primary sensor operation and detection can be performed completely without a CCU.

In some cases, when the CCU detects the presence of a power receiver, the CCU requests the coordinates of the organism (TOoI) in the directional angle and X, Y, Z or X, Y from the transmitter, I will report almost immediately. Knowing the locations of any living creatures (e.g., end users) in the room and / or the location of any of the receivers, the power waves used to create the energy pocket can be controlled not only in space but also in the power output, Because the CCU must have power to modulate, scale, and control the power waves transmitted to the energy pocket around the receiver. Preferably, the system enables optimal power transfer, with maximum compliance and safety, without active interaction or thought from the end user.

The receiver can receive the maximum power for the energy pocket when the system detects that the biological object is outside the energy pocket in the transmission field. When the energy pocket is very close to the biological object, the power transmission will be throttled automatically by adjusting the power waves to be within FCC compliance and safety specifications.

If there is a receiver that receives wireless power but there is no TOoI (i. E., An organism) detected in the transmission field and a random obstacle is moved rapidly across the field of view (potentially very close to the transmitter) By detecting and responding to the CCU fast enough to transmit the interrupt signal, the power transmission is immediately and momentarily disabled until the obstacle is removed from the area of the receiver and power transmission can be resumed. For example, the transmitter may have a sensor that detects that TOoI is very close to the transmitter, thereby causing the transmitter to disable power transmission until the TOoI is no longer in the transmission path between the transmitter and the receiver do. In another example, the transmitter may have a sensor that detects that TOoI is very close to the transmitter, whereby the transmitter disables power transmission until TOoI is no longer in proximity to the transmitter.

IV. Power Wave Generation & Energy Pocket Formation

In a wireless charging system, a transmitter may include, for example, various components that generate and transmit power waves, form energy pockets at locations within the transmission field, monitor the conditions of the transmission field, Circuits, or devices associated with components and circuits thereof. The transmitter generates and transmits power waves for pocket-forming and / or null steering based on the one or more parameters. The parameters may be determined by a transmitter processor, sensor processor or other processor that provides commands to the transmitter based on data received from one or more receivers, sensors within the transmitter, and / or sensors external to the transmitter. It should be noted that, with regard to the sensors of the system, the internal sensor may be an integral component of the transmitter or receiver. It should also be noted that the external sensor may be a sensor disposed within the working area of the transmitter and communicating wired or wirelessly with one or more transmitters of the system.

Transmitters can wirelessly transmit power waves with specific physical waveform characteristics specific to the particular waveform being implemented. The power waves can be transmitted to the receiver in the transmission field of the transmitter in the form of any physical medium that can be propagated through space and converted into available electrical energy for charging one or more electronic devices. For example, the physical medium may include radio frequency (RF) waves, infrared, acoustic, electromagnetic fields, and ultrasound. The power transmission signals may comprise any wireless signal of any frequency or wavelength. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the wireless charging technique is not limited to RF wave transmission techniques but may include alternative or additional techniques for transferring energy to one or more receivers.

A. Components of a system for generating and utilizing power waves

10 illustrates the generation of an energy pocket for providing power to one or more electronic devices in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

A wireless power transmission system 1000 includes a transmitter 1002 that transmits one or more power transmission waveforms 1004 from an antenna array 1006 to provide power to one or more electronic devices such as a mobile phone 1008 and a laptop 1010. [ . By way of example, and not limitation, one or more electronic devices may be, among other types of electronic devices, a laptop, mobile phone, smart phone, tablet, music player, toy, battery, flashlight, lamp, And a GPS device.

For example, the power waves may include microwaves, radio waves, and ultrasound waves. The power waves 1004 are controlled through the microprocessor of the transmitter 1002 so that the energy pocket 1012 forms an energy pocket 1012 at a predetermined location. In the illustrated embodiment, the energy pocket 1012 is reserved within the locations of one or more electronic devices 1008, 1010. The transmitter 1002 can be further configured to transmit power waves 1002 that can converge in a three-dimensional space to generate one or more null spaces at one or more locations where the transmitted power waves cancel one another substantially.

The microprocessor of transmitter 1002 selects a power transfer waveform based on the one or more parameters and determines the output frequency of the power transmission waveform and the shape of one or more antenna arrays 1006, To form an energy pocket at a tagged location to provide power to the one or more electronic devices 1008, The microprocessor of the transmitter 1002 selects the output frequency of the power waves, the shape of the one or more antenna arrays 1006 and the spacing of one or more antennas in the at least one antenna array 1006 based on the one or more parameters May be further configured to form one or more null spaces at one or more locations within the transmission field of the transmitter 1002. [ The energy pockets are formed in places where the power waves 1002 are accumulated to form a three-dimensional energy field, where one or more corresponding transmission lines within a particular physical location can be generated by the transmitter 1002 in the periphery.

The antennas of the antenna array 1006 of the transmitter 1002 transmitting the power waves may be selected from a single array, a pair array, a quad array (e.g., quad array, or any other arrangement. In the illustrated embodiment, the antennas of the antenna array 1006 of the transmitter 1002 can operate as a single array.

The receiver may communicate with the transmitter 1002 to indicate its location with respect to the transmitter 1002. The communication component enables the receiver to communicate with the transmitter 1002 by transmitting the communication signal over the wireless protocol. The wireless protocol may be selected from the group including Bluetooth ?, BLE, Wi-Fi, NFC, and the like. The communication component may include, for example, an identifier for one or more electronic devices 1008 and 1010, battery level information for one or more electronic devices 1008 and 1010, geographic location of one or more electronic devices 1008 and 1010, Information such as data or other information that can be used by the transmitter in determining when to send power to the receiver and where to deliver the power waves 1002 to generate the energy pocket 1012. [ The receiver utilizes the power waves 1002 emitted by the transmitter 1002 to establish an energy pocket 1012 to charge or provide power to the one or more electronic devices 1008, The receiver may comprise circuitry for converting the power waves 1002 into electrical energy to be provided to the one or more electronic devices 1008, In other embodiments of the present disclosure, a number of transmitters and / or multiple antenna arrays for providing power to various electronic devices including, for example, smart phones, tabletlets, music players, toys and other items Can be.

In some embodiments, the one or more electronic devices 1008, 1010 are completely separate from the receiver associated with the one or more electronic devices 1008, 1010. In such an embodiment, one or more of the electronic devices 1008, 1010 may be connected to the receiver via a wire that carries the converted electrical energy from the receiver to one or more electronic devices 1008, 1010.

After receiving the communication from the receiver by the transmitter 1002, the transmitter 1002 identifies and locates the receiver. A path is established through which the transmitter is aware of the gain and phase of the communication signal from the receiver. In addition to the communication signals from the receiver, the transmitter 1002 may include one or more internal sensors, information / data from one or more external sensors, location of one or more objects such as a human or animal, and heat mapping (heat mapping) data. Based on the communication signals from the receiver and the heat mapping data and all the information and data received from the internal sensors and the external sensors, the microprocessor of the transmitter 1002 analyzes the information and data and places the energy pockets 1012 &Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; and / or &lt; / RTI &gt; After determining the one or more parameters, the transmitter 1002 selects the type of the power transmission wave 1002 to be transmitted and the output frequency of the power transmission wave 1002, Gt; 1012 &lt; / RTI &gt; In another embodiment, in addition to selecting the power transmission wave 1002 and determining the output frequency of the power transmission wave 1002, the transmitter 1002 may transmit the energy pockets 1002 at a target location within the transmission field of the transmitter 1002, May select a subset of the antennas from the fixed physical shape of the one or more antenna arrays 1006 corresponding to the preferred spacing of the antennas to be used to create the antenna array 1012. After selecting the output frequency of the power wave 1002 and the shape of the one or more antenna arrays 1006 and the spacing of one or more antennas in each of the one or more antenna arrays 1006, And starts transmission of convergable power waves 1002. These power waves 1002 can be generated using a local oscillator chip using a piezoelectric material and an external power source. The power waves 1002 are constantly controlled by the microprocessor of the transmitter 1002, which may include a proprietary chip to adjust the phase and / or relative magnitude of the power waves 1002. The phase, gain, amplitude, frequency, and other waveform characteristics of the power waves 1002 are determined based on one or more parameters and the antenna acts as one of the inputs to form the energy pocket 1012.

FIG. 11 illustrates the generation of energy pockets in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 11, transmitter 1102 generates power waves 1104 that form an energy pocket 1106 at the receiver. As previously described, the microprocessor of transmitter 1106 will determine one or more parameters based on communication signals from the receiver, heat mapping data, and all information and data from internal and external sensors. One or more parameters may be used as input by the microprocessor of the transmitter 1102 to select the power wave 1104 from the list of one or more waveforms and to generate the power waves 1104 with the desired output frequency by the waveform generator. The phase, gain, amplitude, frequency, and other waveform characteristics of the power waves 1104 are determined based on one or more parameters by the microprocessor of the transmitter 1102. One or more parameters may be selected from a total number of antennas in a selected subset of antenna arrays to select a subset of antenna arrays from the total number of antenna arrays and to transmit power waves 1104 to form energy pockets 1106, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; 1102 &lt; / RTI &gt;

Based on the one or more parameters, the microprocessor of transmitter 1102 selects an antenna array, selects the shape of the selected antenna array, selects the antennas to be used in the selected antenna array, To select the waveform to be generated by the waveform generator for transmission by the selected antenna array and to select the output frequency of the selected waveform to be transmitted by the selected antenna of the last selected antenna array. The microprocessor of transmitter 1102 further selects the transmission timing of the selected waveform from the selected antenna of the selected antenna array based on the one or more parameters. In one embodiment, the microprocessor of transmitter 1102 continuously receives communication signals from the receiver, heat mapping data, new information and data from internal and external sensors, and based on the newly received information and data , The microprocessor of transmitter 1102 may generate a new set of one or more parameters. A new set of one or more parameters may be generated by the microprocessor of transmitter 1102 to manipulate the frequency of transmitted power waves 1104 and the selection of a new set of antenna arrays and antennas for transmission of the new power wave 1104 Can be used. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the transmitter 1102 may continuously scan the segments of the transmission field to identify the new location of the receiver, 1102 may adjust the direction of the antenna power wave transmission, the selection of antennas in the antenna array (e.g., the shape of the antenna array, the spacing of the antennas), and the output frequency based on the new parameters.

In Fig. 11, the safety zone 1108 indicates that the power waves 1104 can not be "canceled out" using null steering and thus the radiated energy of the power waves 1104 is transmitted to the transmitter 1102 Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; 1102 &lt; / RTI &gt; In some implementations, the energy generated by the power waves 1104 from the transmitter 1102 may not be suitable for objects such as humans or animals. In that case, the safety zone 1108 may be configured to allow the transmitter 1102 to automatically reduce the amount of energy generated or transmit the power waves 1104, particularly if the sensor identifies a human or a sensing object in the safe zone . Indicates the position in the transport field that is completely aborted.

12 is a graphical representation of the formation of energy pockets in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, a graphical representation between distance and decibel milliwatts (dBm) is shown. The energy pocket is formed at 36 dBm and 5 feet. The transmitter antennas transmit power transmission signals such that the power transmission signals converge to this three dimensional space around the receiver located 5 feet away. The resulting field around the receiver forms an energy pocket at 36 dBm at which the receiver can acquire electrical energy. As shown, the amount of energy contained within the power waves is rapidly weakened outside of the predetermined location for the energy pocket, thereby avoiding unwanted energy generation in other areas near the location of the energy pocket. In this figure, the energy pocket will be created at a distance of 5 feet, so the power transmission signal is attenuated at any distance over 5 feet. 12 shows two curves that illustrate how the power waves in the case of antenna arrays with uniformly spaced antennas and antenna arrays with non-flat antenna spacing and in non-planar antenna arrays are weakened Respectively. In the case of non-uniform antenna spacing and non-planar antennas, the power level is rapidly attenuated beyond the predetermined position of the energy pocket.

13 illustrates a method of forming an energy pocket for one or more devices in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

In a first step 1302, a transmitter TX receives sensor data collected and generated from one or more sensors. In some cases, the transmitter establishes a connection with the receiver RX, in accordance with the radio protocol used for communication between the communication component of the transmitter and the communication component of the receiver. That is, the communication component of the transmitter and the communication component of the receiver may be a wireless communication protocol (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC, etc.) capable of transmitting information between processors of electrical devices, ZigBee) can be used to communicate data with each other. For example, the transmitter may scan the broadcast signal of the receiver or vice versa, or the receiver may transmit a signal to the transmitter. The signal may announce the presence of the receiver to the transmitter or announce the presence of the transmitter to the receiver, and may trigger an association between the transmitter and the receiver. Once the transmitter identifies the receiver, the transmitter can establish an associated connection with the receiver in the transmitter so that the transmitter and receiver are able to communicate signals. The transmitter may instruct the receiver to start transmitting data. The receiver may measure the voltage among other metrics and send the voltage sample measurement back to the transmitter. The transmitter also receives information about one or more objects and one or more electronic devices, heat mapping data related to the location of the receiver, information from one or more internal sensors and one or more external sensors and data.

In a next step 1304, the transmitter determines one or more parameters. In one embodiment, the microprocessor of the transmitter may execute one or more software modules to analyze the received data and information and to identify one or more parameters based on the analysis. The one or more parameters act as inputs to the microprocessor to make the necessary selections to form pockets of energy at one or more target locations.

In a next step 1306, the transmitter selects the waveform to be generated by the waveform generator based on the one or more parameters, selects the output frequency of the waveform, and transmits the desired antenna One or more software modules may be executed to select a subset of antennas from a fixed physical configuration of one or more antenna arrays corresponding to the interval.

In one embodiment, the transmitter algorithm based on one or more parameters varies the generation and transmission of the power transmission signal by the antenna of the transmitter to optimize the energy pocket around the receiver. For example, the transmitter may adjust the phase at which the antenna of the transmitter transmits the power transmission signal until the power received by the receiver indicates an energy pocket effectively established around the receiver. Once the optimal configuration for the antennas is identified, the memory of the transmitter may store a configuration that causes the transmitter's broadcast to remain at the highest level.

In one embodiment, the transmitter's algorithm based on one or more parameters may determine when it is necessary to adjust the power transmission signal and to vary the configuration of the transmit antenna. For example, the transmitter may determine that the power received at the receiver is less than the maximum, based on the one or more parameters. The transmitter can then adjust the phase of the power transfer signal, but at the same time can continue to generate one or more new parameters based on the information and data reported from the receiver and sensor devices.

In one embodiment, when the transmitter receives information and data from the receiver and sensor devices regarding the presence of a new receiver, the transmitter will create one or more new parameters, and based on the new one or more parameters, The transmitter may adjust one or more antennas in the antenna array of the transmitter. In some embodiments, the transmitter identifies a subset of antennas to service a new receiver, thereby analyzing the array with subsets of the arrays. In some embodiments, the entire antenna array provides service to the original receiver for a given period of time, and then the entire array provides service to the new receiver. Automated processes can be executed by the transmitter to select a subset of the arrays to service the new receiver. In one example, the array of transmitters is divided in half so that two subsets are formed. As a result, half of the antennas are configured to transmit power transmission signals to the original receiver, and half of the antennas are configured for the new receiver.

In a next step 1308, the transmitter will generate an energy pocket for one or more receivers. One or more receivers may be electrically connected to an electronic device such as a smart phone. The transmitter continually alternates among the receivers to scan the new receiver at a predetermined interval, thereby generating new one or more parameters. As each new receiver is detected, one or more new parameters are created, and based on the new one or more parameters, the transmitter establishes a connection and starts transmission of the power transmission signal accordingly.

B. Manipulation of waveforms & waveforms for power waves

14A and 14B show waveforms for forming energy pockets in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. The waveforms of power waves 1402 and 1404 are generated by transmitter 1406 and transmitted by one or more antennas of transmitter 1406 directed to receiver 1408 to form an energy pocket at the desired location.

The transmitter 1406 receives the communication signal. In one embodiment, transmitter 1406 may receive a communication signal from a sensor device. The sensor device may comprise one or more internal sensors and / or one or more external sensors. The one or more internal sensors are an integral component of the transmitter 1406. One or more external sensors are disposed outside the transmitter 1406. One or more external sensors may be formed as an integrated component of the receiver 1408. In another example, one or more external sensors may be located within the operating area of the wireless communication system of the present disclosure. In yet another example, one or more external sensors may be secured on one or more electrical devices to be charged. In yet another embodiment, transmitter 1406 may receive a communication signal directly from receiver 1408. [ The microprocessor of the transmitter 1406 processes the information or communication signal transmitted by the receiver 1408 via a communication component for determining the optimum time and locations for forming the energy pocket. The communication component and the sensor device may be used to convey information such as a device or user's identifier, battery level or other information. Other communication components that may include a sound device for acoustic triangulation, an infrared camera or a radar to determine the location of the device and the location of one or more objects are also possible. The transmitter 1406 may generate a transmission signal based on the received communication signal. The transmitter 1406 generates a transmission signal in accordance with the operation mode determined by the microprocessor. The operating mode reflects the transmission frequency determined by the microprocessor of the transmitter 1406. In one embodiment, the user manually sets the mode of operation using a user interface associated with the microprocessor of the transmitter 1406. In another embodiment, the mode of operation is automatically set by the microprocessor of the transmitter 1406 based on the information received in the communication signal.

If the transmitter 1406 identifies and locates the receiver 1408 based on the information / data contained in the communication signal, the path is established. The transmitter 1406 begins to transmit power waves converging in a three-dimensional space, using one or more antennas of at least one antenna array of one or more antenna arrays.

In an embodiment, the operating mode (operating frequency) of the transmitter 1406 is determined based on the communication signal received by the transmitter 1406 from the communication component or sensor device. The microprocessor of the transmitter 1406 evaluates the communication signal and, based on the result of the communication signal, the transmitter 1406 receives the (one or more types of) waveforms to be transmitted by the one or more antennas of each of the one or more antenna arrays And starts generation. In one example, if the information / data received by the communication component or sensor device comprises data indicative of the first location of the receiver 1408 (e.g., proximate to the transmitter 1406), then the low power waveform generator Can be used. In continuous wave mode, the waveform can have a duration of a few milliseconds. In another example, if the information / data received by the communication component or sensor device comprises data indicative of the second location of the receiver 1408 (e.g., remote from the transmitter 1406) Higher power pulses may be required to transmit more energy, so the transmitter uses a higher power path (a pulsed waveform generator). Each of these waveforms is typically stored in a database that will be used as a suit of possible transmitted waveforms, as the situation requires. In other words, based on the information contained in the communication signal received from the communication component or sensor device, the transmitter 1406 generates a desired type of waveform for transmission by the one or more antennas, And amplitude. As described above, the transmitter 1406 can generate a pulse and a continuous waveform using a waveform generator or any waveform generator circuit. In another embodiment, these RF waves may be generated using an external power source and a local oscillator chip using a piezoelectric material. The RF waves can be controlled by RFIC circuitry including a private chip for adjusting the phase and / or relative magnitude of the RF signals acting as input to one or more antennas to form pocket formation. Pocket formation utilizes interference to change the directionality of one or more antennas, one form of interference forms an energy pocket, and another form of interference creates a null space. Receiver 1408 can utilize the energy pocket created by pocket formation to charge or provide power to the electronic device and thereby effectively provide wireless power transmission.

The transmitter 1406 comprises a waveform generation component that generates a waveform that may be used in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmitter 1406 includes a housing. The housing may be of any material that allows signal and / or wave transmission and / or reception. The housing may include one or more microprocessors and a power source. In an embodiment, multiple transmitters may be managed by a single base station and a single microprocessor. Such functionality allows the location of the transmitter to be in various strategic locations, such as, for example, ceilings, walls, and the like.

The housing of the transmitter 1406 has one or more antenna arrays. Each of the one or more antenna arrays includes one or more antennas. One or more antennas include, for example, an antenna type that operates in a frequency band such as approximately 900 MHz to 100 GHz, or other frequency bands such as about 1 GHz, 5.8 GHz, 24 GHz, 60 GHz, and 72 GHz. In one embodiment, the antenna is directional and may include a planar antenna, a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, and any other antenna for wireless power transmission. The antenna type may include, for example, a patch antenna having a height of about 1/8 inch to about 6 inches and a width of about 1/8 inch to about 6 inches. The shape and orientation of the antenna may vary depending on the desired characteristics of the transmitter 1406 and its orientation may be fixed in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis of the three-dimensional array and in various orientation types and combinations . The antenna material may include any material that allows RF signal transmission of high efficiency and good heat dissipation. The number of antennas may be varied in association with the desired range of transmitters 1406 and the power transfer function. The antenna may also have at least one polarization or polarization selection. Such polarization may include vertical polarization, horizontal polarization, circular polarization, left polarization, right polarization or a combination of polarization. The choice of polarization may vary depending on the characteristics of transmitter 1406. [ In addition, the antenna may be disposed on various surfaces of the transmitter 1406. Antennas may operate in a single array, a pair array, a quad array, and any other arrangement that may be designed according to one or more parameters.

The housing of the transmitter 1406 may comprise one or more PCBs, one or more RF integrated circuits (RFIC), one or more waveform generators, and one or more microprocessors.

The transmitter 1406 may include a plurality of PCB layers, which may include RFICs and / or antennas that provide more rigorous control over the formation of energy pockets based on one or more parameters. The PCBs may be a single sided layer, a double sided layer, and / or a multi-layer. The multiple PCB layers increase the range and amount of power that can be transmitted by the transmitter. The PCB layers may be connected to a single microprocessor and / or a dedicated microprocessor. In some implementations, the transmitter 1406, including multiple PCB layers therein, may include an antenna that provides more stringent control over the formation of an energy pocket based on the one or more parameters, . In addition, the range of the wireless power transmission can be increased by the transmitter. The multiple PCB layers increase the range and amount of power waves that can be wirelessly transmitted and / or broadcasted by the transmitter 1406 due to higher antenna densities. The PCB layers may be connected to a single microcontroller and / or a dedicated microcontroller for each antenna.

The transmitter 1406 may comprise an RFIC that is capable of receiving RF waves from a microprocessor and each output is capable of dividing the RF waves into a plurality of outputs linked to the antenna. In one implementation, each RFIC may be connected to four antennas. In other implementations, each RFIC may be connected to multiple antennas. RFICs may include a number of RF circuits, which may include digital and / or analog components such as amplifiers, capacitors, oscillators, piezoelectric crystals, and the like. The RFIC controls the characteristics of the antenna, such as gain and / or phase for pocket formation. In another implementation of transmitter 1406, the phase and amplitude of the power waves transmitted from each antenna are adjusted by the corresponding RFIC to produce the desired energy pocket and null steering based on the one or more parameters. The RFIC and antenna may operate in any arrangement that may be designed according to the desired application. For example, the transmitter 1406 may comprise a flat array of antennas and an RFIC. A subset of antennas and / or any number of antennas may be connected to a single RFIC based on one or more parameters.

The microprocessor includes an ARM processor and / or a DSP. ARM has one or more microprocessors based on Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC). The DSP may be a single processing chip configured to provide a mathematical manipulation of the communication signal to modify or improve the communication signal in some manner and the communication signal may be a discrete time, discrete frequency, and / or other discrete domain signal as a series of numbers or symbols And processes these signals. The DSP can measure, filter, and / or compress continuous real-world analog signals. The first step is to convert the analog signal into a digital form by sampling and digitizing the signal using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts the analog signal into a stream of discrete digital values. The microprocessor can run Linux and / or any other operating system. The microprocessor may be connected to Wi-Fi to provide information over the network. The microprocessor also transmits convergent power waves to form multiple energy pockets for multiple receivers. The transmitter enables distance determination of the wireless power transmission. In addition, the microprocessor can manage and control the communication protocol by controlling the communication components.

The waveform generation components of the transmitter 1406 further comprise a waveform generator, a D / A converter, a power amplifier, and one or more filters. The waveform generator of transmitter 1406 is typically programmed to generate a waveform with a specified amount of noise, interference, frequency offset, and frequency drift. The waveform generator of transmitter 1406 is configured to generate multiple versions of the waveform, one for each antenna in the transmitter based on one or more parameters. In one implementation, the waveform generator of transmitter 1406 generates waveforms to be transmitted by respective elements of the antenna array. Different wave signals are generated by the waveform generator of the transmitter 1406 for each of the one or more antennas. Each of these signals is passed through a D / A converter and one or more filters. The resulting analog signals are each amplified by a power amplifier and then transmitted to the corresponding antenna of one or more antennas. The waveform generator is described in commonly assigned U. S. Application Serial No. 13 / 891,445 entitled " Transmitters for Wireless Power Transmission ", filed December 27, 2014, and "Enhanced Transmitter for Wireless Power Transmission," filed December 29, Quot ;, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In one example, assuming that the transmitted signal is in the form of a cosine waveform determined based on one or more parameters, the waveform generator of transmitter 1406 first generates a series of phase angles corresponding to the phase of the waveform to be transmitted. The sequence of phase angles generated by the waveform generator of transmitter 1406 may or may not be common to all antennas. In this example, the sequence of phase angles generated by the transmitter's waveform generator is common to all antennas. The waveform phase angle can be adjusted to steer the waveform by adding a time delay and phase adjustment for each antenna. A series of adjusted phase angles are generated for each antenna. By applying a cosine function to the adjusted phase angle, a signal is generated for each antenna. This can be achieved using a cosine look-up table. Each cosine wave is loaded and read in a D / A converter. The waveform generator of transmitter 1406 generates a series of phase angles corresponding to the phase of the signal to be transmitted. These phase angles are common to each antenna of the antenna array. The phase angle selection by the waveform generator of the transmitter 1406 may be implemented by a DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer) or similar device. A waveform phase angle is then launched to add a time delay and phase adjustment for each antenna. The time delay allows for uniform pointing over a wide bandwidth, and phase adjustment compensates for time delay quantization at the center frequency. To steer the transmitted waves, each antenna needs to have a specific phase angle added to the common waveform. The waveform generator of transmitter 1406 may be configured to execute all of the functions described above for the waveform, based on the input of one or more parameters.

The waveform generator of transmitter 1406 is configured to generate one or more power waves having one or more characteristics in accordance with one or more transmission parameters. The one or more power waves are non-continuous waves having a frequency and amplitude that can be increased and decreased based on one or more updates to one or more transmission parameters corresponding to one or more characteristics of one or more power waves. In one example, the non-continuous power waveform is a chirp waveform. A chirp waveform is typically used because it sweeps the frequency band without generating energy concentrated at one particular frequency, which may be undesirably altered linearly and logarithmically in time sweeping). Of course, depending on the application and depending on which frequency domain waveform is currently needed, different time dependencies of the frequencies may be used. In other words, the chirp waveform typically increases linearly over the finite time the modulation frequency is equal to the pulse width, e.g., -50 MHz to +50 MHz, and over a pulse width of, for example, 10 microseconds, For example, a frequency modulated pulse or signal that modulates an intermediate frequency of 160 MHz. This modulated waveform is typically increased and mixed with a higher RF carrier of, for example, 900 MHz to 100 GHz before transmission by the one or more antennas of the transmitter. This chirp waveform can be generated by a variety of different hardware means. One method for generating a chirp waveform includes a group of lumped circuit elements. For example, a group of lumped circuit elements includes a group of circuits that together generate a group of staggered delay signals that are summed and provide a chirp waveform. Another method of generating a chirp waveform may include a matalized crystalline device in which a high impulse signal is applied to produce a linear frequency modulated chirp waveform. For another exemplary method of generating a chirp waveform, a Direct Digital Synthesis System may be employed. The DDS method of generating the chirp waveform is such that the analogue converter produces a chirp waveform over its pulse width as the digital value is cycled to the D / A converter at an increasing rate for a particular pulse width time, typically D / RTI &gt; A / D converter, and a programmed memory having a stored sine value fed to the A / A converter.

In yet another embodiment, a chirp sub-pulse waveform is generated based on one or more parameters and mixed at a desired intermediate frequency. A plurality of chirped sub-pulse waveforms are generated adjacent and mixed with the intermediate frequencies of the plurality of intermediate frequencies, respectively. This contiguous mixed chirp waveform has an extended pulse width corresponding to the sum of the pulse widths of all the chirp sub-pulse waveforms. In this situation, if all the chirp sub-pulse waveforms have the same pulse width, the expanded pulse width of the adjacent chirp pulse waveform will be equal to the value obtained by multiplying the pulse width of each sub-pulse by the number of sub-pulses.

In yet another embodiment, a relatively high frequency carrier signal is modulated by data to generate a waveform to drive one or more antennas based on one or more parameters. One type of modulation is angular modulation involving modulating the angle of the carrier signal. Angular modulation involves modulating the frequency of the carrier signal and the phase of the carrier signal. The waveform shaping process generates an angularly modulated wave signal and progressively filters the angularly modulated wave signal to the transmitter's waveform generator using a plurality of low pass filters, Thereby generating a modulated sinusoidal waveform. The technique includes programming the transmitter to tune the corner frequency of the filtering to a frequency within a selectable range of frequencies using programming by the microprocessor of the transmitter 1406. [

To generate the energy pocket, the transmitter 1406 using the waveform generator generates one or more power waves with very low correlation with itself. In one example, a triangle is used. Chipper has a very low correlation with himself. In one example, the waveform generator of transmitter 1406 generates the same chirp waveform for all of the one or more antennas. In another embodiment, the waveform generator of transmitter 1406 generates different chirp waveforms for each of the one or more antennas. In another example, the waveform generator of transmitter 1406 may generate a first chirp waveform for a first set of antennas in one or more antennas, and generate a second chirp waveform for a second or remaining antenna set in one or more antennas . In another example, the waveform generator of transmitter 1406 may include one or more sub-waveform generators, and the first sub-waveform generator may be configured to generate a first chirp waveform for the first antenna array in one or more antenna arrays And the second sub-waveform generator is configured to generate a second chirp waveform for the second antenna array in the one or more antenna arrays.

The above-described waveform generator of the transmitter 1406 generates a chirp waveform. The chirp waveform may be generated as a linear chirp waveform and a non-linear chirp waveform. The non-linear chirp waveform is selected from the group consisting of exponential, logarithmic, and optionally formed chirp waveforms. The waveform generator of transmitter 1406 generates a chirp waveform based on one or more parameters. One or more parameters are identified by the microprocessor of the transmitter 1406 based on the information received in the communication signal from the sensor device and / or the communication component. The output frequency of the chirp waveform generated by the waveform generator of transmitter 1406 is determined based on one or more parameters. Based on the one or more parameters, the waveform generator of transmitter 1406 may generate a plurality of chirp waveforms for a plurality of antennas, each chirp waveform having a unique output frequency and amplitude. The transmitter 1406 is configured to increase the frequency and amplitude of the transmitted signal in relation to the change of time and distance based on the one or more parameters. The transmitter 1406 is configured to reduce the frequency and amplitude of the transmitted one or more power waves in connection with a change in time and distance based on the one or more parameters. In one example, the frequency of the chirp waveform transmitted by the transmitter 1406 is varied randomly between one and 1000 times per second. The frequency may be increased in the Nth second and then that frequency may be decreased in the N + 2th second. In another embodiment, the frequency of one or more power waves transmitted by one or more antennas of a transmitter is varied based on a maximum allowable exposure level (MPE) of one or more objects.

A first waveform generator of transmitter 1406 generates a first waveform 1420 having a frequency f1 based on one or more parameters of a first set determined by the microprocessor of transmitter 1406, . The microprocessor of the transmitter 1406 continuously receives new data and new information from the sensor devices and the receiver and based on this new data and new information the microprocessor of the transmitter 1406 sends one or more parameters of the second set Lt; / RTI &gt; The one or more parameters of the second set are different from the one or more parameters of the first set. Based on the one or more parameters of the second set, the microprocessor of transmitter 1406 provides a command to the first waveform generator to change the frequency f1 of the transmitted waveform. In another embodiment, based on the one or more parameters of the second set, the microprocessor of transmitter 1406 provides instructions to the first waveform generator to generate a new waveform 1404 with frequency f2. In another embodiment, based on the one or more parameters of the second set, the microprocessor of transmitter 1406 uses a new waveform generator different from the first waveform generator to generate a new waveform 1404 (e. G. ).

FIG. 15 illustrates a method for generating a waveform in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

In a first step 1502, the transmitter TX receives sensor data. The transmitter establishes a connection with the receiver RX. The transmitter and receiver communicate information and data over a communication signal using a wireless communication protocol that can transfer information between two processors of an electrical device, such as Bluetooth. For example, the transmitter may scan the broadcast signal of the receiver or vice versa, or the receiver may transmit a signal to the transmitter. The signal announces the presence of the receiver in the transmitter or announces the presence of the transmitter in the receiver and triggers an association between the transmitter and the receiver. Once the transmitter identifies the receiver, the transmitter establishes an associated connection to the transmitter with the receiver, allowing the transmitter and the receiver to communicate signals. The transmitter then commands the receiver to begin transmitting the data. The receiver measures the voltage among other metrics and sends back the voltage sample measurements to the transmitter. The transmitter receives information about one or more objects, information about one or more electronic devices such as battery usage, heat mapping data associated with the location of the receiver and one or more internal sensors, information from one or more external sensors, and data.

In a next step 1504, the transmitter determines one or more parameters. In one embodiment, the microprocessor of the transmitter executes one or more software modules to analyze the received data and information, and identifies one or more parameters based on the analysis. The one or more parameters serve as inputs to the microprocessor to make necessary selections of waveforms and their output frequencies to form energy pockets at one or more target positions.

In a next step 1506, the transmitter selects a waveform (e.g., a radio frequency wave, an ultrasonic wave) to be generated by the waveform generator based on the one or more parameters. For example, based on a set of one or more parameters, the transmitter may select a chirp wave for transmission, and based on one or more parameters of the other set, the transmitter may select a sine wave for transmission. The transmitter can select a signal because the frequency and amplitude of the signal are continuously increasing or decreasing with increasing time and distance, and one or more parameters require the requirement of signals that do not have consecutive frequencies over a period of time I suggest.

In a next step 1508, the transmitter provides a command to the waveform generator to generate a selected waveform, such as a chirp wave. The waveform can be generated using a local oscillator chip using a piezoelectric material and an external power source. The waveform may be controlled by a transmitter circuit and a waveform generator, which may include a private chip to adjust the frequency, phase, and / or relative magnitude of the waveform. The frequency, phase, gain, amplitude, and other waveform characteristics of the waveform are adjusted to form an energy pocket at a target location of the one or more electronic devices.

C. Board steering

16, formation of a null space in a wireless power transmission system is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The transmitter 1602 has one or more antennas in the antenna array. The transmitter is configured to adjust the phase and amplitude among other possible attributes of the power waves transmitted from the antenna of the transmitter 1602 to the receiver 1604. [ In the absence of arbitrary phase or amplitude adjustments, the power waves may be transmitted from each of the antennas of transmitter 1602 and may arrive at different locations and have different phases. This difference may be due to different distances from each antenna of the transmitter 1602 to the receiver located at each location. To form the energy pocket, the power waves transmitted by the transmitter 1602 arrive at the receiver 1604 in exactly the same phase with each other, and increase the amplitude of their waves to produce a composite wave &lt; / RTI &gt;

In the figure shown, a receiver 1604 receives a number of power transmission signals from a transmitter 1602. Each of the plurality of power transmission signals has power waves from a plurality of antennas of transmitter 1602. The synthesis of these power transmission signals will inevitably be zero, since the power waves are added together to create null space. That is, the antennas of transmitter 1602 may transmit exactly the same power transmission signal, with power waves having the same characteristics (e.g., phase, amplitude). When the power waves 1606 and 1608 arrive at the receiver 1604, the power waves 1606 and 1608 are offset 180 degrees from each other, since the power waves 1606 and 1608 of each power transmission signal have the same characteristics. As a result, the power waves 1606 and 1608 transmitted by the transmitter 1602 are canceled or canceled each other.

In one embodiment, based on the communication signal and the mapping data (e.g., heat mapping data and / or sensor data), transmitter 1602 generates power waves based on an indication of the position of receiver 1604 will be. The transmitter 1602 may generate a null space either behind the location of the receiver 1604 or at another location proximate to the receiver or otherwise null space in a location where it is not desirable to have an energy pocket with power levels exceeding a certain threshold . In another embodiment, based on the mapping data (e.g., heat mapping data and / or sensor data), the transmitter 1602 determines the location of one or more objects, such as a human or animal, It creates a null space at a location where it is not desirable to have energy pockets at or near the location of the above objects, or power levels above a certain threshold. The transmitter 1602 will continue to receive data regarding the location of one or more objects and one or more receivers from the sensor. Transmitter 1602 is configured to form an energy pocket on the one hand at the location of one or more receivers and transmitter 1602 is configured to position energy pockets on the other hand outside of the receiver and at or near the location of one or more objects, It will create one or more null spaces in a location where it is not desirable to have energy pockets with power levels exceeding. The transmitter 1602 is configured to continuously measure the distance between one or more receivers and the location of one or more objects. Based on that distance, the transmitter 1602 will select the power waves transmitted from one or more antennas of one or more antenna arrays to generate an energy pocket or null space.

In one embodiment, at least two waveforms are generated by the waveform generator of transmitter 1602. The generated at least two waveforms have different frequencies. The phase change of the frequency of at least one of the at least two waveforms or both of the at least two waveforms results in the formation of a uniform waveform. A uniform waveform allows it to generate energy pockets in one or more null spaces and one or more target spots in certain areas.

17, a method of forming a null space in a wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

In a first step 1702, the transmitter TX transmits power waves to generate an energy pocket at the location of the one or more target electronic devices. The transmitter transmits convergent power waves in three-dimensional space. The power waves are controlled through phase and / or amplitude control to form an energy pocket at a predetermined location of the energy pocket. The energy pocket is formed by two or more power waves converging at a target position in three-dimensional space.

In the next step 1704, the transmitter receives position data of the object. The one or more internal sensors and the one or more external sensors send data to the transmitter about the presence and location of objects within the work area of the transmitter. One or more objects include humans and animals.

In the next step 1706, the transmitter measures the distance between the objects and the receivers. When position data of the objects is received, the transmitter measures the distance between the position of one or more receivers to which the energy pocket is oriented (e.g., as identified in the process described in FIG. 2) and the position data of the objects. The transmitter is configured to measure the distance between the power waves and the position data of one or more objects from the transmitter. Based on these measurements at various distances, the transmitter determines whether to create a null space, and if so, the location of the null space.

In a next step 1708, if the transmitter determines that the objects are close to an energy pocket with a power level exceeding a given threshold, the transmitter may correspond to the position of the object, . In some circumstances, if an object is detected at the same location as a predetermined energy pocket, the transmitter may create a null space at the location where the energy pocket is to be created. In such an environment, the transmitted power waves are canceled each other, so there is no large energy transmitted to the location containing the object.

D. Configuration of transmitter antenna array

I. The spacing of the antennas in the antenna array

18, an arrangement of antennas in an antenna array of a wireless power transmission system is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment.

In one implementation, a system for wireless power transmission comprises one or more transmitters. Each of the one or more transmitters comprises one or more antenna arrays. In the illustrated embodiment, a single antenna array 1802 is shown. Each of the one or more antenna arrays has one or more antennas for transmitting one or more power waves. In the illustrated embodiment, the single antenna array 1802 includes a plurality of antennas 1804. The antennas of the one or more antennas are spaced from one another so that the one or more power waves transmitted by the plurality of antennas are directed to form an energy pocket to provide power to the target electronic device.

A system for wireless power transmission is configured to receive energy pockets generated using one or more power waves transmitted by one or more antennas in one or more antenna arrays of one or more transmitters. In an embodiment, the height of at least one of the one or more antennas on the transmitter may be about 1/8 inch to about 1 inch, and the width of the at least one antenna may be about 1/8 inch to about 1 inch have. The distance between two adjacent antennas in the antenna array may be between 1/3 and 12 Lambda. In one embodiment, the distance may be greater than one lambda. The distance can be between 1 lambda and 10 lambda. In one embodiment, the distance may be between 4 lambda and 10 lambda.

In an antenna array, the antennas of one or more antennas are arranged at a predefined distance from each other so that the one or more power waves transmitted by the antenna can be directed to form an energy pocket in the receiver. Further, each of the one or more antennas is disposed at a predefined distance from each other in a three-dimensional space such that the one or more power waves transmitted by the one or more antennas do not form an energy pocket outside of the receiver. Each of the one or more antennas is arranged at a predefined distance from one another in a three dimensional space such that one or more power waves transmitted by each of the one or more antennas may be directed to transmit energy pockets to a receiver, Therefore, the energy in the energy pocket becomes larger than the energy existing outside the periphery of the receiver.

In one embodiment, the one or more antennas are fixed on the movable elements, and the distance between one or more antennas in each of the one or more antenna arrays is dynamically controlled based on the position of the receiver, The transmitted one or more power waves may be directed to form an energy pocket in the receiver. The movable elements are any mechanical actuators controlled by the microprocessor of the transmitter. The microprocessor of the transmitter receives heat mapping data on the position of the receiver or target electronic device, information from one or more internal sensors, one or more external sensors, and based on some or all of the sensor data, And controls the movement of the mounted mechanical actuator.

In one embodiment, one or more antennas in each of the one or more antenna arrays are arranged at a pre-defined distance from each other that allows for mutual coupling between one or more antennas, Inductive or capacitive coupling between the antennas.

Each one or more antennas of one or more antenna arrays are configured to transmit one or more power waves at different times due to the placement of one or more antennas. In another embodiment, each of the one or more antennas of the one or more antenna arrays is configured to transmit one or more power waves at different times due to the presence of a timing circuit controlled by the microprocessor of the transmitter. The timing circuit may be used to select different transmission times for each of the one or more antennas. In this example, the microprocessor may pre-configure the timing circuit with the transmission timing of one or more transmission waves from each of the one or more antennas. In another example, based on information received from one or more internal sensors, one or more external sensors, and a communication signal, the transmitter may delay transmission of a very small fraction of the transmission waves from a very small number of antennas.

In yet another embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission is provided. The system comprises a transmitter. The transmitter has one or more antenna arrays. Each of the one or more antenna arrays includes a plurality of antennas. Multiple antennas transmit one or more power waves. The transmitter comprises a microprocessor configured to activate a first one of a plurality of antennas based on a goal for directing an energy pocket using one or more power waves. The first set of antennas is selected from one or more antennas based on the distance between the antennas of the first set of antennas, corresponding to the desired spacing of the antennas to form the energy pocket. In other words, the selected distance between the antennas of the first set of antennas is such that the adjacent antennas are preferably far apart from each other, and one or more power waves transmitted from the first set of antennas are energized Thereby forming a pocket.

In one implementation, the transmitter comprises an antenna circuit configured to switch on or off each of one or more of the antennas in the antenna array based on the communication signal. Communication signals may be received from heat mapping data, one or more internal sensors and one or more external sensors. In one embodiment, the antenna array can be steered in a first direction by switching on the first set of antennas of the one or more antennas, and the power wave direction of the antenna array can be steered in one direction And can be steered in a second direction by switching on a second set of antennas. The second set of antennas may comprise one or more antennas from a first set of antennas or the second set of antennas may not include any antenna from a first set of antennas. In one embodiment, the power wave direction of the antenna array can be steered in multiple directions by switching on a set of antennas from one or more antennas for each of a plurality of directions. The selection of the antennas in the first set of antennas and the second set of antennas is based on the distance between the antennas in the first set of antennas and the second set of antennas. The distance is chosen such that power waves emitted in the first, second or any set of antennas produce efficient energy pockets at desired locations.

In one implementation, the spacing between antennas to transmit power waves to create an energy pocket is determined based on the position of the receiver where the energy pocket is to be generated. The transmitter will determine the position of the receiver. In one example, the position of the receiver is measured using a communication signal, such as a Bluetooth signal, received by the receiver through the communication component. The position of the receiver can be used by the microprocessor to adjust and / or select the antenna from multiple antennas to form an energy pocket that can be used by the receiver to charge the electronic device.

In one embodiment, the antenna array has 1000 antennas. An antenna switching circuit is configured to connect any number of 1000 antennas at a given time. The switching circuit has a signal divider for dividing the signal into an arbitrary number of signals. Additionally, the switching circuit includes 1000 switches and a switching circuit that adjusts the number of switches so that a specified set of 1000 antennas is switched on. The switching circuit may comprise micro-electromechanical system switches. In another embodiment, the switching circuit may comprise a filter for separately transmitting and receiving signals to / from the antenna array.

In another embodiment, the antenna array has Z antennas, and the switching circuit is configured to control the X antennas at a given time. According to this embodiment, the switching circuit comprises a signal divider for dividing the signals into X signals, a switching matrix with Z 1 x Z switches, the switching circuit switching Control the matrix. In some embodiments, the 1 x Z switches comprise multiplexers.

Ii. Shape of antenna array configuration

FIG. 19 illustrates an array of multiple antenna arrays in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

In an embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission is provided. The system has a transmitter. The transmitter comprises at least two antenna arrays. In one example, the at least two antenna arrays include a first antenna array 1902 and a second antenna array 1904. For purposes of simplicity of explanation, only a first antenna array 1902 and a second antenna array 1904 will be described, but it should be understood that two or more antenna arrays may be included in the system without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments. Each of the first antenna array 1902 and the second antenna array 1904 has one or more rows and one or more columns of antennas configured to transmit one or more power waves. The transmitter has a microprocessor. The microprocessor is configured to control the spacing between the first antenna array 1902 and the second antenna array 1904. The first antenna array 1902 of the at least two arrays is spaced apart by a predefined distance behind the second antenna array 1904 of the at least two arrays in the three dimensional space such that the first antenna array 1902 ) And the second antenna array 1904 can be directed to form an energy pocket to provide power to the target electronic device. The first antenna array 1902 and the second antenna array 1904 are arranged at a predefined distance from each other, based on the position of the target electronic device. In other words, the predefined distance is selected by the transmitter based on the location of the target electronic device.

The distance between the first antenna array 1902 and the second antenna array 1904 is such that the one or more power waves transmitted by the antenna of the first antenna array 1902 and the antenna of the second antenna array 1904, And is dynamically adjusted based on the position of the target electronic device to be directed to the electronic device to form an energy pocket. In an embodiment, the first antenna array 1902 and the second antenna array 1904 are planar, and the offset distance between the at least two antenna arrays is 4 inches.

Iii. A plurality of arrays

20 shows an array of multiple antenna arrays in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

In an embodiment, a system for wireless power transmission is provided. The system has a transmitter. The transmitter comprises at least two antenna arrays. In one example, the at least two antenna arrays include a first antenna array 2002 and a second antenna array 2004. For purposes of simplicity of explanation, only the first antenna array 2002 and the second antenna array 2004 will be described, but it should be understood that two or more antenna arrays can be included in the system without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments. Each of the first antenna array 1902 and the second antenna array 1904 has one or more rows and one or more columns of antennas configured to transmit one or more power waves.

In one embodiment, the first antenna array 2002 and the second antenna array 2004 are used to simultaneously generate energy pockets. In another embodiment, the first antenna array 2002 and the second antenna array 2004 are used to simultaneously generate null space. In yet another embodiment, the first antenna array 2002 and the second antenna array 2004 are used to simultaneously generate energy pockets and null spaces.

Iv. Three-dimensional array configuration

FIG. 21 illustrates an antenna array arrangement in a wireless power transmission system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

In one embodiment, an antenna array 2102 having a specific array size and shape is disclosed. The antenna array 2102 described in this specification is a three-dimensional antenna array. The shape of the three-dimensional antenna array may be a flat antenna array of any shape, cylindrical, conical, and spherical. The antenna array has one or more antennas of a particular type, size and shape. For example, one type of antenna is a so-called patch antenna having a size and a square shape compatible with operation at a specific frequency. Further, the antennas are arranged in a rectangular configuration with a gap of, for example, one wavelength (1?). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that additional or alternative antenna shapes, spacings, and types may be used. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the size of one or more antennas may be selected to operate at any frequency within the RF frequency range (e.g., any frequency within the range of about 900 MHz to about 100 GHz). The type of antenna that can be used in the antenna array of this disclosure includes, but is not limited to, a notch element, a dipole or a slot, or any other antenna known to those skilled in the art. will be. Reference will also be made herein to the generation of an antenna power transmission wave having a specific shape or power transmission wave-width based on the shape of the antenna array. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that antenna power waves having different shapes and widths may be used and may be provided using well known techniques, such as including amplitude and phase adjustment circuitry in an appropriate position within the antenna feed circuit I will know.

In one embodiment, three-dimensional antenna arrays are used in the wireless power transmission system of the present disclosure. The three-dimensional antenna array can be of two types. The two types include an active antenna array and a passive antenna array. An active antenna array includes active devices, such as semiconductor devices, to aid in the transmission of power waves. The passive antenna array does not assist in the transmission of power waves. The phase characteristics between the antennas of the array are provided in any manner in an active or passive array. In one embodiment, the active antenna array will include a controllable phase-shifter that can be used to adjust the phase of the RF waves being fed to one of the antennas of the array (or a subset thereof) . In another embodiment, by using a non-phase control signal amplitude divider with control of the phase control elements associated with each antenna or subset of antennas, the need for phase shift power transmitters can be eliminated. Thus, in general, the active antenna array has a plurality of antennas and a radio frequency circuit connected to the antennas. The active antenna array is an antenna system that transmits an appropriate phase difference or phase difference and a proper gain difference to the RF signal to be transmitted of each antenna. Thus, a directional power transmission wave scan can be performed, and arbitrary directional power transmission waves can be realized. The active antenna arrays may have a transmit amplifier and a receive amplifier associated with each antenna or a subset of the antennas.

In alternative or additional embodiments, the antenna array may include a cube-shaped surface. It is desirable to point the power waves in a particular direction with maximum gain or desired gain, to generate pocket energy, to select as many of the multiple antennas as possible, or to select (activate) at least a preselected number of antennas Do. Because of the shape of the array, rather than its linearity, its shape can cause a phase difference between the antennas. For example, one antenna that can be considered as a reference antenna will produce a gain pattern or radiation pattern with the main lobe axis in the desired power transmission wave direction. Other antennas will also have a radiation pattern that can contribute to the power transfer wave gain in the desired direction, but because of the shape of the array, the phase difference caused by the contour of the antenna surface will be a cluster Will limit the cluster size. In one implementation, the phase difference is caused by the position of the antennas relative to the reference antenna having a radiation pattern in the desired direction. For example, the reference antenna points to a power transmission wave perpendicular to its aperture. Because of the shape of the array, the other antennas are not pointed in the same direction, and in addition their signal phase is not aligned with the signal from the reference antenna. In most cases, the phase shift is larger in the case of devices remote from the reference element, and is a function of the angle between its surface and the plane of the antenna array. Because of the phase shift, there is a loss of coherence between the reference antenna on the antenna array and all other antennas in its cluster. The phase delay waves will have components that can add to the overall wave, but at certain points they can be subtracted from the wave or canceled. This limits the size of the cluster, thereby limiting the maximum gain of the cluster array.

In another embodiment, the one or more antennas comprise a first set of antennas and a second set of antennas. The first set of antennas and the second set of antennas are disposed at different angles relative to the three-dimensional array of non-planar shaped antenna array surfaces. By choosing which antennas should transmit the power waves, the shape of the three-dimensional array can be dynamically adjusted based on the position of the receiver. In an alternate embodiment, the one or more antenna arrays may have a particular configuration based on predetermined, predicted, or expected receiver locations.

The first antenna may be located a predetermined distance from the second antenna, which transmits power waves to the receiver, and an energy pocket is generated at the receiver. It is desirable to have a distance between the first antenna and the second antenna such that the transmitted power waves are not substantially parallel to each other. The optimum distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is based on the distance of the receiver, the size of the room, the frequency of the power waves and the amount of power to be transmitted.

22A and 22B illustrate an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. A plurality of antennas 2202 are arranged in the antenna array 2204. As shown in Figs. 22A and 22B, the antenna array 2204 is a three-dimensional antenna array. The increased spacing between the multiple antennas 2202 in the antenna array 2204 causes the size of the energy pocket (or the size of the pocket) to become smaller as shown in FIG. 22C. In this example, the configuration of the antenna array 2204 is 40 "x40 ".

23A and 23B, an antenna array configuration is shown in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. A plurality of antennas 2302 are arranged in the antenna array 2304. The antenna array 2304 is a three-dimensional antenna array. 23A and 23B, the addition of the depth between the plurality of antennas 2302 in the antenna array 2304 causes the size of the energy pocket (or the size of the pocket) to be reduced as shown in FIG. 23C . In this example, the configuration of the antenna array 2304 is 40 "x40" x5 ".

24A and 24B, an antenna array configuration is shown in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. A plurality of antennas 2402 are arranged in the antenna array 2404. The antenna array 2404 is a three-dimensional antenna array. As shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, the non-linear spacing between the plurality of antennas 2402 in the antenna array 2404 may be determined by one or more power (e.g., Waveforms cause the distribution of energy to change. The nonlinear intervals shown in the figure are logarithmic intervals. In this example, the configuration of the antenna array 2404 is 40 "x40 ".

25A and 25B, an antenna array configuration is shown in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. A plurality of antennas 2502 are arranged in the antenna array 2504. The antenna array 2504 is a three-dimensional antenna array. 25A and 25B, the nonlinear spacing between the plurality of antennas 2502 in the antenna array 2504 can be determined by measuring one or more power (e.g., power) around the size of the energy pocket (or the size of the pocket) Waveforms cause the distribution of energy to change. The nonlinear intervals shown in the figure are logarithmic intervals. In this example, the configuration of the antenna array 2504 is 40 "x40" x6 ".

26A and 26B, an antenna array configuration is shown in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. A plurality of antennas 2602 are arranged in the antenna array 2604. [ The antenna array 2604 is a three-dimensional antenna array. As shown in Figs. 26A and 26B, the increase in the distance between the plurality of antennas 2602 in the antenna array 2604 results in the generation of multiple power waves that are not canceled each other, Resulting in the creation of large energy pockets. In this example, the configuration of the antenna array 2604 is 13 "x 75 ".

27A and 27B show an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. A plurality of antennas 2702 are arranged in the antenna array 2704. The antenna array 2704 is a three-dimensional antenna array. 27A and 27B, the reduction in the distance between the plurality of antennas 2702 in the antenna array 2704 results in the generation of strong power waves that are not mutually canceled, and as shown in Fig. 27C Resulting in the creation of a large energy pocket. In this example, the configuration of the antenna array 2704 is 8 "x 16 ".

28A and 28B, an antenna array configuration is shown in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. A plurality of antennas 2802 are arranged in the antenna array 2804. The antenna array 2804 is a three-dimensional antenna array. 28A and 28B, the spacing / distance between the plurality of antennas 2802 in the antenna array 2804, along with the size of the antenna array 2804, is determined by the generation of the energy pocket as shown in FIG. 28C Results. In this example, the configuration of the antenna array 2804 is 45 "x 93 ".

29A and 29B, an antenna array configuration is shown in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. A plurality of antennas 2902 are arranged in the antenna array 2904. The antenna array 2904 is a three-dimensional antenna array. 29A and 29B, the spacing / distance between the plurality of antennas 2902 in the antenna array 2904, along with the size of the antenna array 2904, is determined by the generation of the energy pocket as shown in FIG. 29C Results. In this example, the configuration of the antenna array 2904 is 30 "x63 ".

30 and 31 illustrate an antenna array configuration in a wireless power transmission system, according to an exemplary embodiment. The transmitter includes one or more antennas configured to transmit one or more power waves forming an energy pocket to provide power to the target electronic device. The one or more antennas are disposed on a non-planar shaped antenna array surface of a three-dimensional array selected from the group consisting of concave and convex shapes. The non-planar shape may be selected from the group consisting of a spherical concave shape, a spherical convex shape, a parabolic concave shape, and a parabolical convex shape. In one embodiment, in a three-dimensional antenna array, one or more antennas are transmitted by one or more antennas to each other, as shown in FIGS. 11-16 by a non-planar antenna array surface Lt; / RTI &gt; are arranged in such a manner that one or more of the power waves that are &lt; Desc / Clms Page number 2 &gt; In yet another embodiment, one or more antennas in a three-dimensional antenna array are configured such that one or more power waves transmitted by one or more antennas, relative to each other, due to the non-planar shaped antenna array surface, Are arranged in such a way that they are oriented to form an energy pocket larger than the energy present outside.

Ⅴ. Exemplary wireless power transfer methods utilizing heat mappings and sensors

FIG. 32 shows a method 3200 of forming an energy pocket in a wireless power transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment.

In a first step 3202, the transmitter TX receives data (e.g., heat-map data) indicative of the location of the receiver RX and, in accordance with one or more protocols, Lt; / RTI &gt; That is, the transmitter and the receiver may communicate via the communication signal using a wireless communication protocol (e.g., NFC, ZigBee, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi) capable of transmitting information between two processors of the electrical devices, , And the wireless communication protocol typically accomplishes some routines that establish the linkage between the transmitter and the receiver. Once the transmitter identifies the receiver, the transmitter can establish an associated connection with the receiver in the transmitter so that the transmitter and receiver are able to communicate signals. After the association is established, at present step 3202, the receiver may send to the transmitter the hit-map data indicating the location (e.g., coordinates, segments) that the receiver can be found in the transmission field.

In a next step 3204, the transmitter transmits power waves to generate an energy pocket at the location of the receiver. The transmitter transmits convergent power waves in three-dimensional space. The power waves can be controlled through phase and / or relative amplitude control to form an energy pocket at a predetermined receiver position of the energy pocket. In one embodiment, the energy pocket is formed by two or more power waves converging at a receiver position in a three-dimensional space.

In a next step 3206, the transmitter receives location data of the organism or the sensing object. At least one sensor acquires sensor data indicative of the presence of an organism or sensing object and communicates raw sensor data or processed sensor data to the transmitter. One or more sensors may acquire and communicate location-related sensor data indicative of the location of an organism or other sensing object. In an embodiment, the one or more sensors acquire at least one non-location attribute and location-related information of an organism or sensing object and communicate to the transmitter. In one embodiment, the at least one non-location attribute of the organism or sensing object includes at least one of an electro-optical sensor response, an optical sensor response, an ultrasonic sensor response, and a millimeter sensor response.

In a next step 3208, the transmitter measures the distance between the organism or sensing object and the power waves. In one embodiment, the transmitter compares position data for the organism or sensing object with the position of the power waves (transmitted in the transmitter and receiver). The transmitter also compares the location of the organism or sensing object with the plane coordinates (e.g., one-dimensional coordinates, two-dimensional coordinates, or three-dimensional coordinates or polar coordinates) associated with the location of the receiver where the coordinates are stored in the mapping memory of the transmission . Compares the power levels generated by the power waves with one or more maximum allowable power levels for an organism or sensing object. If the transmitter determines that the distance between the organism or sensing object and the power waves is not sufficiently close, in other words, if the power level generated by the power waves is relatively lower than the one or more maximum allowable power levels at the location of the organism or sensing object , The transmitter continues to transmit power waves, forming an energy pocket at that position of the receiver.

(I. E., The power level produced by the power waves is greater than or equal to one or more maximum permissible power levels at the location of the organism or sensing object &lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; The transmitter measures the power waves based on the location of the organism or the sensing object. In some cases, the transmitter reduces the power level of the power wave at the receiver position. In some cases, the transmitter terminates transmission of power waves to the receiver position. In some cases, the transmitter weakens the energy amount of the power waves at the receiver position. In some embodiments, the transmitter redirects transmission of power waves around the organism or sensing object. In some embodiments, the transmitter creates a null space at or near the location of the receiver or creates a null space corresponding to the location of the organism or sensing object. In some cases, the transmitter creates a null space at the location where the energy pocket is created if the organism or sensing object is detected at the same location as the predetermined energy pocket. In this environment, the transmitted power waves are canceled each other, so that there is not much energy transmitted to the location of the organism or the sensing object.

In one embodiment, each of the one or more antennas has the same size, and in the one or more antennas of the transmitter, at least one antenna is selected from the group consisting of a planar antenna, a patch antenna, and a dipole antenna. One or more antennas of the transmitter are configured to operate in a frequency band ranging from about 900 MHz to about 100 GHz, including about 1 GHz, 5.8 GHz, 24 GHz, 60 GHz, and 72 GHz. The one or more antennas are configured to transmit one or more power waves at different times based on the arrangement of the one or more antennas in the at least one three-dimensional antenna array.

One or more antennas are uniformly spaced within the three-dimensional antenna array. One or more antennas are disposed asymmetrically within the three-dimensional antenna array, so that the three-dimensional antenna array can be made to transmit any one of a wide range of directions. In another embodiment, the one or more antennas may be uniformly spaced above the antenna array, may be disposed asymmetrically above the antenna array, or both, thereby providing a wide range of directions Lt; / RTI &gt; transmission of one or more power waves. In yet another embodiment, the one or more antennas may be non-uniformly spaced on the antenna array, asymmetrically spaced on the antenna array, or both, thereby providing a wide range of directions of one or more power waves Transmission becomes possible. In yet another embodiment, one or more antennas in a three-dimensional array may be arranged in two-dimensional arrays.

The method descriptions and process flow diagrams described above are provided by way of example only and do not imply or imply that the steps of the various embodiments should be performed in an orderly fashion. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the steps in the above-described embodiments may be performed in any order. The terms "next "," next "and the like are not intended to limit the order of the steps, and these terms are simply used to guide the reader through the description of the methods. Although the process flow diagram illustrates its operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. Also, the operating sequences can be rearranged. The predetermined process corresponds to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, and a subprogram. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination corresponds to the return of that function to the calling function or the main function.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application or design constraint imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans will implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.

Embodiments embodied in computer software may be implemented in software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any combination thereof. A code segment or machine-executable instruction may represent a procedure, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program states. A code segment may be coupled to any other code segment or hardware that carries and / or receives information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, and the like may be delivered, delivered, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message delivery, token delivery, network delivery,

The actual software code or dedicated control hardware used to implement such systems and methods does not limit the present invention. Accordingly, the operation and operation of the system and method have been described without reference to specific software code in which it is understood that the software and control hardware may be designed to implement the system and method based on the description herein.

When implemented in software, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a non-transitory computer readable or processor readable storage medium. The steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented as processor-executable software modules that may reside on a computer-readable or processor-readable storage medium. Non-transitory computer readable or processor readable media include computer storage media and type storage media for transferring computer programs. Non-transitory processor readable storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and without limitation, such non-transitory processor readable media can be stored in a computer-readable medium such as RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, And may include any other type of storage medium that can be used to store the code and which can be accessed by a computer or processor. A disk and disc as used herein includes a compact disc (CD), a laser disc, an optical disc, a DVD (Digtal Versatile Disc), a floppy disc and a Blu-ray disc, disk typically reproduces data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with a laser. The above combinations should be included within the scope of computer readable media. Additionally, the acts of the method or algorithm may be embodied as one or any combination or set of codes and / or instructions on a non-transitory processor-readable medium and / or computer readable medium, Can reside.

Claims (19)

A method in a wireless power transmission system,
The transmitter determining one or more parameters represented by the sensor data and the mapping data;
The transmitter determining an output frequency of the one or more power waves based on the one or more parameters;
The transmitter selecting one or more antennas in the one or more antenna arrays of the transmitter based on the spacing between one or more antennas in each of the one or more antenna antenna arrays and the one or more parameters;
Wherein the transmitter comprises transmitting one or more power waves using an output frequency and selected antennas
Way.
The method according to claim 1,
The transmitter further comprises generating one or more null spaces in the transmit field of the transmitter based on the sensor data
Way.
The method according to claim 1,
The sensor data includes internal sensor data and external sensor data
Way.
The method according to claim 1,
Power waves have chirp waves with continuously varying frequencies
Way.
The method according to claim 1,
The power waves are generated by a waveform generator electrically connected to the transmitter
Way.
The method according to claim 1,
The power waves are selected from the group consisting of electromagnetic waves, radio waves, microwaves, sound, ultrasound and self-resonance
Way.
The method according to claim 1,
Power waves are generated by a waveform generator, which is an internal component of the transmitter
Way.
The method according to claim 1,
The transmitter may receive at least one communication signal from the receiver using a wireless communication protocol selected from the group consisting of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, FM radio signals and microwaves
Way.
The method according to claim 1,
The transmitter comprises one or more antenna arrays,
Each of the one or more antenna arrays includes one or more antennas
Way.
A system for wireless power transmission,
One or more transmitters,
Each of the one or more transmitters comprises:
One or more antenna arrays; And
A microprocessor,
Each of the one or more antenna arrays having one or more antennas configured to transmit power waves,
The microprocessor may be configured to select one or more additional transmitters, to vary the output frequency of the power waves, to select one or more additional transmitters, one or more antennas Configured to adjust the transmission of power waves by varying the selection of antennas within the arrays, or by adjusting the spacing between one or more antennas within each of the one or more antenna arrays
system.
11. The method of claim 10,
The microprocessor selects at least one transmitter from one or more transmitters, selects an output frequency of the power waves, and selects one or more transmitters based on the one or more parameters to form one or more null spaces at one or more locations within the transmit field Configured to select a shape of one or more antenna arrays, and to select an interval of one or more antennas in the at least one antenna array
system.
11. The method of claim 10,
Further comprising a receiver having one or more antennas configured to receive energy from an energy pocket created using power waves to charge a target electronic device
system.
11. The method of claim 10,
Further comprising one or more external sensors configured to determine the location of one or more objects and one or more receivers in a transport field
system.
11. The method of claim 10,
The at least one transmitter from the one or more transmitters comprises one or more sensors configured to determine the location of one or more receivers and one or more receivers in a transmission field
system.
11. The method of claim 10,
The one or more transmitters receive location data of one or more objects and one or more receivers based on the heat mapping data
system.
11. The method of claim 10,
The one or more parameters are determined in association with a maximum allowable exposure level
system.
11. The method of claim 10,
A communication connection is established by one or more transmitters hosting communication signals between one or more transmitters and one or more receivers, the communication signal comprising power level information of an electronic device associated with one or more receivers, That contains data representing the associated location data
system.
11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein at least one antenna of the one or more transmitters is selected from the group consisting of a planar antenna, a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, the height of the at least one antenna is from about 1/8 inch to about 1 inch, , About 1/8 inch to about 1 inch
system.
11. The method of claim 10,
The one or more antennas of the one or more transmitters are configured to operate at independent frequencies that enable multichannel operation of pocket-forming into at least one of a single array, a pair array, and a quad array
system.

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