KR20160018430A - Battery cell module with a communication device for data exchange between several similar series battery cell modules - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery cell module (101) including a communication device for data exchange between a plurality of similar series battery cell modules (401, 101, 201, 301). The battery cell module comprises: a battery cell (102); a control unit (103) including first and second communication units (105, 106); a first coupling unit (129) designed to couple the first communication unit (105) of the battery cell module (101) with the second communication unit (206) of the precedent battery cell module (201) through a second coupling unit (232) of the precedent battery cell module (201); and a second coupling unit (132) designed to couple the second communication unit (106) of the battery cell module (101) with the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module (301) through individual data lines (502) and the first coupling unit (329) of the subsequent battery cell module (301). The control unit (103) is designed to process and/or modify a data signal, which has been received through the first communication unit (105) of the battery cell module (101), or transmit the data signal, without change, by the second communication unit (106) of the battery cell module (101).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a battery cell module having a communication device for exchanging data between a plurality of similar serial battery cell modules. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION < RTI ID = 0.0 >

The present invention relates to a battery cell module having a communication device for exchanging data between a plurality of similar serial battery cell modules.

Lithium-ion battery cell modules or lithium-polymer battery cell modules have recently been produced as stand-alone products without unique intelligence. The intelligence to control and monitor the cell is placed in the central battery control of the so-called Battery Control Unit (BCU), or is distributed locally in the local cell monitoring circuit, so-called Cell-Supervision-Circuits (CSC). The CSC controls and / or monitors modules comprised of several battery cell modules with the BCU.

Individual cells go through several stages during their product life cycle: manufacturing, molding, assembling in a battery pack, operating in the vehicle, repairing, replacing, end-of-life or recycling (Second-life).

In this case, the battery cell module is not continuously monitored during its lifetime. Therefore, the data of the battery cell module can not be continuously detected. During manufacture and molding, the data is detected and tracked by an external monitoring system, the so-called MES-System (Manufacturing Execution Systems). However, the data is not used during operation, for example in a vehicle. Additional breakage occurs when the battery cell module is being repaired or replaced, or when it is moved to a different lifetime, for example when the performance is too weak for in-vehicle operation and then goes to fixed use.

In addition, since local monitoring / control of data detection by the battery cell module is not performed, a large cost is required to transfer the data of the battery cell module to the central battery controller. Therefore, a large number of connection lines with a partly high voltage are required. In this case, the allocation of the battery cell module and wiring is fixed.

DE102010016175A1 discloses a prior art battery monitoring device having a plurality of battery monitoring modules in serial communication with the system controller.

DE102011002632A1 discloses a battery management unit having a plurality of cell monitoring units, which are connected to one bus.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery cell module having a communication device for data exchange between a plurality of similar serial battery cell modules, which does not require a common voltage level between all the battery cell modules connected in series for communication.

The above object is achieved by a battery cell module having a communication device for data exchange between a plurality of similar serial battery cell modules according to claim 1.

A battery cell module according to the present invention having a communication device for exchanging data between a plurality of similar serial battery cell modules supplies a battery cell voltage and is connected in series with a battery cell of a preceding battery cell module and / A control unit having a first communication unit designed to receive a data signal and a second communication unit designed to transmit a data signal, a control unit having a first communication unit of the battery cell module connected to a second A first coupling unit coupled to the second communication unit of the preceding battery cell module via a coupling unit or coupled to the central battery control unit via a separate data line, and a second coupling unit coupled to the second communication unit of the battery cell module, And through the first coupling unit of the subsequent battery cell module 1 communication unit, wherein the control unit processes and / or modifies the data signal that was received via the first communication unit of the battery cell module or changes the second communication of the battery cell module Unit. ≪ / RTI > Such a battery cell module is preferable because it enables communication with other adjacent battery cell modules with minimum wiring cost. Therefore, by this battery cell module, serial connection of a plurality of battery cell modules through which data can be transmitted becomes possible. Therefore, in particular, for communication, a common voltage between all the battery cell modules connected in series becomes unnecessary.

The dependent claims present preferred embodiments of the present invention.

The first coupling unit of the battery cell module and the second coupling unit of the preceding battery cell module are combined to form a first voltage divider and the voltage divider is connected to the first potential of the battery cell on the side of the subsequent battery cell module It is preferable to divide the voltage drop between the second potential in the second communication unit of the battery cell module and the intermediate voltage tap of the first voltage divider is coupled to the first communication unit of the battery cell module. All resistors of the first voltage divider may be included only in the first or second coupling unit. Thus, a particularly inexpensive combination of multiple battery cell modules through a serial single wire interface is made possible. In this case, expensive coupling concepts such as photocouplers, inductive transducers, and the like may be omitted. Also, a readily detectable voltage level of the digital data signal during data communication of adjacent battery cell modules is formed, which can distinguish logic one from zero during data communication.

It is also preferred that the first communication unit is designed to transmit a data signal and the second communication unit is designed to receive a data signal and the control unit is configured to receive the data signal that was received via the second communication unit of the battery cell module Is designed to be transmitted by the first communication unit of the battery cell module without modification or change. Therefore, bi-directional data communication between adjacent battery cell modules becomes possible.

In addition, the second coupling unit of the battery cell module and the first coupling unit of the subsequent battery cell module form a second voltage divider in the engaged state, and the second voltage divider is connected to the third Divides the voltage drop between the potential and the fourth potential in the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module and the intermediate voltage tap of the second voltage divider is coupled to the second communication unit of the battery cell module. Thus, particularly inexpensive coupling between multiple battery cell modules via a serial single wire interface is possible. In this case, expensive coupling concepts such as photocouplers, fluidic transducers, and the like can be omitted. In addition, a voltage level at which a digital signal can be easily detected during data communication of adjacent battery cell modules is formed, and the logic level 1 and the zero can be distinguished during data communication by this voltage level.

In particular, the control unit comprises a comparator for comparing the incoming data signal with a comparison value, said data signal having a logic one if the voltage of the data signal is greater than the comparison value and a logic zero if the voltage of the data signal is less than the comparison value . Thus, the communication device can detect the digital data signal of the data communication, and the voltage level of the digital data signal for logic 1 and zero is different from the remaining voltage level of the digital signal used in the control unit.

Further, the control unit transmits an initialization signal having a high level and a low level of a predetermined duration respectively through the first and / or second communication units, wherein the high level corresponds to a voltage value of logic 1 of the data signal And the low level corresponds to the voltage value of the logic zero of the data signal and is designed to receive the initialization signal of the preceding or subsequent battery cell module to set the comparison value between the high level and the low level. Thus, variations in voltage levels of data signals of data communication between adjacent battery cells, particularly caused by the fluctuating battery cell voltage of adjacent battery cell modules, can be compensated.

In addition, it is preferable that when the battery cell module receives the data signal through the first communication unit and / or the second communication unit, the battery cell module includes a monitoring circuit that makes the control unit active. Thus, the energy consumption of the control unit of the battery cell module can be minimized.

It is also preferable that the control unit has a variable name that enables addressing and / or identification of the battery cell module in the serial connection of a plurality of battery cell modules, in which case the name of the control unit is automatically assigned. Thus, replacement of the battery cell module becomes possible in a simple manner, in which case no manual configuration or special wiring is required. Signal lines for the measurement signal need not be disconnected and reconnected after replacement, which reduces the risk of high voltage and confusion.

It is also preferred that the control unit comprises an oscillator, in particular a voltage-controlled oscillator or RC-oscillator, which controls the data signal based on the clock of the oscillator and with a central clock generator and oscillator deviation Lt; / RTI > Therefore, a high data rate is possible in data communication among a plurality of battery cell modules according to the present invention, and an inexpensive clock generator can be used at the same time.

In a battery system including n battery cell modules according to the present invention, battery cells of a plurality of battery cell modules are connected in series, and a first coupling unit of n-1 battery cell modules is connected to each of the preceding battery cell modules And a central battery control unit coupled to the second coupling unit and coupled to the first coupling unit of the first battery cell module in the series connection is disposed at the beginning of the series connection. Such a battery system includes all the advantages of the battery cell module according to the present invention.

A battery control unit of a battery system is provided for removing an AC current having a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency of lithium atoms of a battery cell, in particular, a GHz-range alternating current Is designed to overlap with the data signal.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a schematic diagram of a battery system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
2 is a circuit diagram of a plurality of battery cell modules according to a first embodiment of the present invention connected in series;
3 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring circuit included in a battery cell module of a battery system according to the present invention.

Figure 1 shows a battery system 1 according to the invention in a first embodiment of the invention, comprising n battery cell modules 2 according to the invention. Each of the n battery cell modules 2 is represented by reference numbers # 1 to #n in FIG. Here, the battery cells 3 of the plurality of battery cell modules 2 are connected in series in such a manner that the positive poles of the battery cells 3 are connected to the negative poles of the battery cells 3, do. In the series connection, the negative polarity of the first battery cell is connected to the negative battery pole 4 of the battery system 1 and the central battery control unit 6. [ The negative pole of the first battery cell forms the circuit ground (GND) of the battery system 1. The last, that is, the positive pole of the nth battery cell 3 is connected to the positive battery pole 5 of the battery system 1. [

Each of the n battery cell modules 2 includes one control unit 7 and each of the control units 7 is connected to the positive and negative poles of the corresponding battery cell 3. [ Each of the control units 7 includes a first coupling unit 8 and a second coupling unit 9.

In the series connection, the first coupling unit 8 of the first battery cell module 2 is connected to the central battery control unit 6. In the series connection, the second coupling unit 9 of each battery cell module 2 is connected to the first coupling unit 8 of the battery cell module 2, which is succeeding in the following series connection. In the serial connection, the second coupling unit 9 of the last battery cell module 2 is not connected to the other coupling unit. A total of n battery cell modules are connected in series, and the continuous battery cell modules 2 are connected to each other through the first coupling unit 8 and the second coupling unit 9, respectively.

Thus, the first coupling unit 8 of the n-1 battery cell modules 2 is coupled to the second coupling unit 9 of the preceding battery cell module 2, The central battery control unit 6 coupled to the first coupling unit 8 of the first battery cell module of the first battery cell module 2 is disposed at the beginning of the series connection.

2 shows a battery system 1, each having a communication device for data exchange between a plurality of similar serial battery cell modules 101, 201, 301 connected in series in a series connection according to the first embodiment of the present invention. And a partial circuit diagram of two additional battery cell modules (301, 401). In this case, in the series connection, the battery cell module 101 according to the present invention follows the preceding battery cell module 201. [ A subsequent battery cell module 301, which is not fully illustrated in FIG. 2 in the series connection, follows the battery cell module 101. In the serial connection, an additional leading battery cell module 401 not shown in FIG. 2 is connected to the front of the leading battery cell module 201.

The battery cell module 101 includes a battery cell 102 designed to supply a battery cell voltage U _B1 . The battery cell 102 is a lithium-ion cell in this first embodiment. In an alternative embodiment, the battery cell 102 is formed by a series connection and / or a parallel connection of a plurality of individual cells. The battery cell voltage U _B1 is 3.6 volts in this first embodiment, but may vary depending on the state of charge of the battery cell 102.

The preceding battery cell module 201 includes the battery cell 202 of the preceding battery cell module 201. The subsequent battery cell module 301 includes a battery cell 302 of the subsequent battery cell module 301. The series connection of the battery cell modules 101, 201 and 301 is achieved by connecting the battery cells 102, 202 and 302 of the battery cell modules 101, 201 and 301 connected in series to each other in series, The adjacent battery cell modules are connected to each other through a single data line 500, 501, and 502, respectively.

The battery cell module 101 includes an internal circuit ground 109 formed by the negative pole of the battery cell 102. In this case, the circuit ground 109 is disconnected from the negative pole of the battery cell 102 through the measuring resistor 120, but since the measuring resistor has a low resistance of 100 muhm in this first embodiment, The potential difference between the negative pole of the circuit ground 102 and the circuit ground 109 is small.

The battery cell module 101 also includes a control unit 103. The control unit 103 is included in the microcontroller in this first embodiment. The microcontroller uses circuit ground 109 as the ground potential. The control unit 103 is integrated in the chip in this first embodiment.

The microcontroller and accordingly the control unit 103 comprises a multiplexer 104. Multiplexer 104 includes a first communication unit 105 that is designed to receive and transmit data signals and a second communication unit 106 that is designed to receive and transmit data signals.

The microcontroller and accordingly the control unit 103 also includes a comparator 107 and a comparator 108. [ The comparator 107 includes an inverting input and a non-inverting input. The non-inverting input of the comparator 107 is connected to the multiplexer 104. The data signals received via the first communication unit 105 or the second communication unit 106 of the multiplexer 104 are passed to the non-inverting input of the comparator 107.

The positive supply input of the comparator 107 is connected to the first circuit ground 109 via the first supply line and the positive supply input of the comparator 107 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell 102 via the second supply line So that power is supplied from the battery cell 102. The inverted input of the comparator 107 is connected to the comparison value provider 108. A comparison value is provided to the comparator 107 by a comparison value provider 108, in which case the comparison value is a voltage level. The comparison value indicates that the logic "1" of the data signal transmitted from the multiplexer 104 to the comparator 107 has a voltage level greater than the comparison value, and the logic & 0 "has a voltage level lower than the comparison value.

The output of the comparator 107 is connected to the far-multiplexer 104, and the output signal of the comparator 107 is supplied to the multiplexer 104. The voltage level of the output signal of the comparator 107 depends on the data signal and the supply voltage of the comparator 107. The voltage level given to the output of the comparator 107 is equal to the voltage level given to the positive pole of the first battery cell 102 or equal to the voltage level given to the first circuit ground 109, . The temporal profile of the voltage level at the output of the comparator 107 forms a matched data signal and the voltage level of the data signal for logic "1 " and the voltage level of the data signal for logic & ≪ / RTI > corresponds to the other voltage levels for the digital values used in the < RTI ID = 0.0 >

The multiplexer 104 is also connected to the receiving unit 110 of the control unit 103 and the receiving unit is coupled to the processing unit 111 of the control unit 103 in this first embodiment. When a data signal is received by the first communication unit 105 or the second communication unit 106, the data signal is transmitted to the comparator 107 for level matching and then transmitted via the multiplexer 104 to the receiving unit 110 ). The receiving unit 110 is a so-called "Enhanced Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter" in this first embodiment. The processing unit 111 is an arithmetic operation unit for controlling the battery cell module 101. The control may be performed according to a command supplied to the first battery cell module 101 via the multiplexer in the form of a data signal. In this first embodiment, the command has its source in the central battery controller 6.

When a data signal not determined for the battery cell module 101 is received through the first communication unit 105, the data signal is transferred to the subsequent battery cell module 301 via the second communication unit 106. [ When data not determined for the battery cell module 101 is received through the second communication unit 106, the data is transferred to the preceding battery cell module 201 via the first communication unit 105. [ The level of the received data signal is matched to the logical level of the battery cell module 301 in order to prevent the reduction of the strokes in data transmission through the plurality of battery cell modules before the transmission of the data signal in this first embodiment. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the level of the received data signal is not matched to the logical level of the battery cell module 301, prior to delivery of the data signal. To process the data signal in the addressed battery cell module, the comparison value of the addressed battery cell module is correspondingly matched.

The microcontroller and accordingly the control unit 103 also includes an analog-to-digital converter 112. The analog-to-digital converter 112 is connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 102 to detect the battery cell voltage U _B1 for the circuit ground 109 and to convert it to a digital value representing the battery cell voltage U _B1 . Respectively.

The first input of the operational amplifier 119 is connected to the first side of the first measuring resistor 120 and the operational amplifier 119 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier 119. The analog- 119 are connected to the second side of the first measuring resistor 120. [ The negative supply input of the operational amplifier 119 is connected to the first supply line and the positive supply input of the operational amplifier 119 is connected to the second supply line and thus powered by the battery cell 102. Thus, a voltage drop across the measurement resistor 120 is detected, amplified by the operational amplifier 119, and transmitted to the A / D converter 112. The analog-to-digital converter converts the amplified voltage drop into a digital signal, which represents the current flowing through the battery cell 102.

The analog-to-digital converter 112 is also connected to a temperature measuring member 121, which includes a temperature dependent resistor 122 and an ohmic resistor 123. The first side of the temperature dependent resistor 122 is connected to the first circuit ground 109. The second side of the temperature dependent resistor 122 is connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 102 through the ohmic resistor 123. The analog-to-digital converter 112 is connected to the second side of the temperature dependent resistor 122. Therefore, the temperature-dependent resistor 122 and the ohmic resistor 123 form a voltage divider that divides the battery cell voltage U _B1 according to the temperature. The temperature-dependent voltage reduced by the temperature measuring member 121 is converted into a digital signal indicating the temperature of the battery cell module 101 in the analog-to-digital converter 112.

The analog-to-digital converter 112 is connected to the multiplexer 104 and outputs a digital signal representing the current flowing through the first battery cell 102, the battery cell voltage U _B1 and the temperature of the battery cell module 101, To the receiving unit 110 and accordingly to the processing unit 111 via the communication unit 104.

The microcontroller and accordingly the control unit 103 also includes a switching module 124 including the first balancing switch 125 and the second balancing switch 126 in the first embodiment. In this case, the first side of the first balancing switch 125 and the first side of the second balancing switch 126 are connected to the circuit ground 109. The second side of the first balancing switch 125 is connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 102 through a first balancing resistor 127. The second side of the second balancing switch 126 is connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 102 via a second balancing resistor 128. The switching states of the balancing switches 125 and 126 can be controlled by the processing unit 111. [ By closing the first balancing switch 125 and / or the second balancing switch 126, the battery cell 102 can be discharged through the first and / or second balancing resistors 127 and 128.

The battery cell module 101 also includes a first coupling unit 129 substantially consisting of a first resistor 130 in the first embodiment. The first coupling unit 129 is configured such that the first side of the first resistor 130 is connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 102 and the second side of the first resistor 130 is connected to the first communication unit 105, To the remaining components of the battery cell module 101 so as to be connected to the battery cell module 101. [ At the same time, a plug contact is disposed on the second side of the first resistor 130 and the plug contact connects the battery cell module 101 to the second coupling unit (not shown) of the preceding battery cell module 201 232 to form a data line 501 between the first battery cell module 101 and the preceding battery cell module 201. [ The first resistor 130 has a resistance value R ₁ = 10 k ?.

The battery cell module 101 also includes a second coupling unit 132 substantially comprised of a second resistor 133 and a third resistor 134 in the first embodiment. The second coupling unit 132 is connected to the second communication unit 106 such that the first side of the second resistor 133 is connected to the second communication unit 106 and the plug contact is disposed on the second side of the second resistor 133, Is connected to the remaining components of the module (101). The plug contact connects the battery module 101 to the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301 via the second plug connection and thus connects the battery cell module 101 and the subsequent battery cell module 301 The data lines 502 are formed. The first side of the second resistor 133 is also connected to the circuit ground 109 via a third resistor 134 and a switch 135 serially connected thereto. The second resistor 133 has a resistance value R ₂ = 10 k ?. The third resistor 134 has a resistance value R ₃ = 10 k ?.

The configuration of the preceding battery cell module 201 shown in FIG. 2 is the same as that of the battery cell module 101. The subsequent battery cell module 301 has the same configuration as that of the battery cell module 101 as well.

When the battery cell module 101 is connected in series with the preceding battery cell module 201, the first coupling unit 129 of the battery module 101 is connected to the first battery cell module 201 through the first plug- 2 coupling unit 232 and the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201 is connected to the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201, The first communication unit 105 of the first battery cell module 101 communicates with the first communication unit 105 of the preceding battery cell module 201 via the separate data line 501 and through the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201, Unit 206, as shown in FIG. The discrete data line 501 is formed by a plug connection between the first coupling unit 129 and the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201, in this case being a single-wire connection.

When the battery cell module 101 is connected in series with the subsequent battery cell module 301, the second coupling unit 132 of the battery cell module 101 is connected to the subsequent battery cell module 301 via the second plug- Since the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301 is connected to the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module 301 connected to the first coupling unit 329, Is connected to the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module 301 via the separate data line 502 and through the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301 Respectively. The discrete data line 502 is formed by a plug connection between the second coupling unit 132 and the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301, in this case being a single-wire connection.

The circuit ground 209 and the circuit ground 109 of the preceding battery cell module 201 are not connected to a common voltage level. Rather, a voltage drop occurs between the two circuit grounds 109, 209, and the voltage drop appears to be substantially defined by the battery cell voltage U _B2 of the preceding battery cell module 201. Thus, the voltage level increases for each battery cell module, and the increase depends directly on the state of each battery cell.

The first coupling unit 129 of the battery cell module 101 and the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201 form a first voltage divider in the coupled state, Between the potential of the positive electrode of the battery cell 102 in this case and the potential of the positive electrode of the battery cell 102 in the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201 Divides the voltage drop and the intermediate voltage tap of the first voltage divider is coupled to the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101. [

The control unit 103 processes and / or modifies the data signal received through the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 or changes the data signal received through the second communication unit 106 of the battery cell module 101, Lt; / RTI > Thus, information can be transmitted from the preceding battery cell module 201 to the battery cell module 101. [ Further, information may be transmitted from the battery cell module 101 to the subsequent battery cell module 301. [ Thus, information can be transmitted within the serial connection of the battery cell module 2 until it reaches one of the plurality of battery cell modules 2 for which information is determined.

The data transfer from the preceding battery cell module 201 to the battery cell module 101 is exemplarily described. In this data transfer, the switch 235 of the preceding battery cell module 201 corresponding to the switch of the battery cell module 101 is opened to not receive an unnecessary current load. The data signal consists of logic "0" and logic "1 ", and is transmitted from the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201.

0 "in the preceding battery cell module 201 has a voltage level of 0 V, and a logic" 1 "in the preceding battery cell module 201 has a voltage level of 0 V in relation to the circuit ground 209 of the preceding battery cell module 201. [ _{Has a} voltage level equal to that of the battery cell voltage U _B2 . 0 "in the battery cell module 101 has a voltage level of 0 V and a logic" 1 "in the battery cell module 101 has a voltage level of 0 V in relation to the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101, _{Has the} same voltage level as the voltage U _B1 . Therefore, with respect to the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101, the voltage level of the logic "1" of the preceding battery cell module 201 is equal to the voltage level of the logic "0" something to do. This will cause communication errors between the battery cell modules 201,101.

However, according to the present invention, the voltage levels of logic "0" and logic "1" of the preceding battery cell module 201 are raised by the first voltage divider, 201, and 101 are performed. This is done by a resistor network formed by the first and second voltage divider.

When a logic "0" is transmitted through the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201, a voltage drop occurs through the first voltage divider, (U _B1 ) of the preceding battery cell module (201) and the battery cell voltage (U _B2 ) of the preceding battery cell module (201). The first resistor 130 of the battery cell module 101 is designed to have the same dimensions as the second resistor 233 of the preceding battery cell module 201 corresponding to the second resistor 133 of the battery cell module 101 Therefore, a voltage drop of half is given between the two resistors. Since the battery cell voltage U _{B1 of the} battery cell module 101 is substantially equal to the battery cell voltage U _{B2 of the} preceding battery cell module 201, Is increased by the value of the battery cell voltage U _B2 of the preceding battery cell module 201, that is, about 3.6 volts. The ground potential at the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101 is lower than the ground potential at the circuit ground 209 of the preceding battery cell module 201 by the battery cell voltage U _B2 of the preceding battery cell module 201, The logic "0" that has been transmitted through the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201 is equal to the voltage level of the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 And the voltage level represents a voltage difference of about OV compared to the ground potential at the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101. [

When a logic "1" is transmitted by the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201, a voltage drop is applied through the first voltage divider, (U _B1 ). Since the first resistor 130 of the battery cell module 101 and the second resistor 233 of the preceding battery cell module 201 are designed to have the same dimensions, only a half voltage drop is given between the two resistors . Therefore, it is approximately 1.8 volts, which corresponds approximately to the battery cell voltage U _B1 of half the battery cell module 101. [ Thus, with respect to the ground potential at the circuit ground 209 of the preceding battery cell module 201, the voltage level of 3.6 volts logic "1 " is about 5.4 volts as it rises by 1.8 volts. The ground potential at the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101 is lower than the ground potential at the circuit ground 209 of the preceding battery cell module 201 by the battery cell voltage U _B2 of the preceding battery cell module 201, 1 ", which has been transmitted through the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201, increases by the value of the voltage level of the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 And the voltage level represents a voltage difference of about 1.8 V compared to the ground potential at the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101. [

The voltage level of the data signal of the preceding battery cell module 201 transmitted to the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 is lower than the ground potential of the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101 Relevant can be summarized as follows:

Voltage level of logic "0":

(U _B1 - U _B2 ) x R ₂ / (R ₁ + R ₂ ) [within the range of 0 volts]

Voltage level of logic "1 &

(U _B1 ) x R ₂ / (R ₁ + R ₂ ) [within the range of U _B1 / 2]

An additional matching of the voltage level is made by the comparator 107. The comparison value is in the range of more than 0 volts and less than U _B1 / 2.

To set the comparison value favorably, a high-signal having a voltage level of logic "1 " is first transmitted by the preceding battery cell module 201 over a predetermined duration, here 800 占 퐏. Then, the low-signal having the logic level "0" by the preceding battery cell module 201 is transmitted over a predetermined duration, here 800 占 퐏. From the high-signal and low-signal, the comparison value of the comparator 107 and hence the threshold and hysteresis are determined.

The data transfer from the subsequent battery cell module 301 to the battery cell module 101 is exemplarily described. During this data transfer, the switch 135 of the battery cell module 101 is closed. The data signal consisting of logic "0" and logic "1" is transmitted by the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module 301.

The second coupling unit 132 of the battery cell module 101 and the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 201 are connected to each other in the engaged state when the switch 135 of the battery cell module 101 is closed And the second voltage divider forms a second voltage divider which is connected between the potential of the battery cell 102 on the side of the preceding battery cell module 201 and the potential on the circuit ground 109 in this case and the potential of the subsequent battery cell module 301 And divides the voltage drop between potentials in the first communication unit. In this case, the intermediate voltage tap of the second voltage divider is coupled to the second communication unit 106 of the battery cell module 101.

According to the present invention, the voltage levels of logic "0" and logic "1" of the subsequent battery cell module 301 are dropped by the second voltage divider, 301 are made. This is similar to the rise of the voltage level by the first potentiometer by the second potentiometer.

An additional matching of the voltage level is made by the comparator 107. In order to preferably set the comparison value, in this case also, a high-signal having a voltage level of logic "1 " is first transmitted by the subsequent battery cell module 301 over a predetermined duration, here 800 占 퐏. Then, a low-signal having a logic "0" voltage level is transmitted by the subsequent battery cell module 301 over a predetermined duration, here 800 占 퐏. From the high-signal and low-signal, the comparison value of the comparator 107 and hence the threshold and hysteresis are determined.

Data can be transferred from the preceding battery cell module 201 to the battery cell module 101 and data can be transferred from the subsequent battery cell module 301 to the battery cell module 101. Therefore, Lt; / RTI >

The microcontroller including the control unit 103 includes an internal oscillator based on the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in this first embodiment. Alternatively, a simple RC-oscillator may be used. The oscillator outputs a frequency in the range of, for example, 500 kHz. The frequency is multiplied by a phase locked loop to obtain a correspondingly high operating frequency for the microcontroller and hence the clock frequency.

However, since the oscillator has a large tolerance, the chain communications between the battery cell modules, for example, the preceding battery cell module 201 and the battery cell module 101, are very limited in the case of the asynchronous communication given here There is a problem that it can be possible because accurate temporal decomposition is impossible.

Thus, the battery cell module 101 is designed to adjust its clock frequency to the clock frequency of the preceding battery cell module 201. [ When the data signal is transmitted from the preceding battery cell module 201 to the battery cell module 101, the data signal is clock-controlled by a multiple of the clock frequency or the clock frequency of the preceding battery cell module 201. Thus, the data signal has a raster frequency corresponding to the clock frequency. The time interval of the edges occurring in the data signal determines the deviation between the clock of the internal oscillator of the battery cell module 101 and the clock of the internal oscillator of the preceding battery cell module 201. [ The deviation is converted into a correction voltage for the VCO. To this end, a digital cascade control circuit is used which includes an inner loop for the phase deviation and an outer loop for the frequency. Thus, raster matching is performed, so that the entire microcontroller is synchronized to a common raster.

The central battery control unit 6 includes a crystal resonator as a central clock generator. Due to the small tolerance of the crystal resonator, the battery control unit 6 has a clock frequency that is continuous over time. When the data signal is transmitted from the central battery control unit 6 to the first battery cell module in the serial connection, the data signal is clock-controlled by several times the clock frequency or the clock frequency. Therefore, the central battery control unit 6 preliminarily determines the clock frequency for adjusting all the battery cell modules. Thus, the microcontroller and hence the data signal is clocked based on the oscillator's clock and based on the deviation of the oscillator from the central clock generator, which is not included in the battery cell module 101.

Thus, accurate phase coupling between the microcontrollers of the battery cell module 2 is achieved. Asynchronous data transmission can be achieved with a high raster frequency (within the range of 500 kBaud) and thus a high data rate. Since the central battery control unit 6 operates by correction, correspondingly high accuracy is also given to the timer function.

The current does not flow through the battery cell 102 of the battery cell module 101 in the initialization step of the battery system 1. [ At this stage, calibration of the A / D converter 112 is performed. In this case, the offset-temperature variation of the operational amplifier 119 is compensated, which can also be achieved during operation. This is done by the temperature of the battery cell module 101 detected by the temperature measuring member 121. The detected battery cell voltage U _B1 and the detected current through the battery cell 102 are transferred from the analog-to-digital converter 112 to the processing unit 111 through the multiplexer 104 and the receiving unit 110. The processing unit transmits the detected values to the central battery control unit 6 by the first communication unit 105 and the battery cell module lying therebetween. Direct measurement of the battery cell voltage U _B1 and the current through the battery cell 102 by the battery cell module 101 without a long line toward the central battery control unit 6 enables accurate measurement of these values And prevents interference HF-coupling.

The data signal includes two bytes in this first embodiment. The first byte is an identifier used for addressing and indicating what should be done by the battery cell module.

If the first bit of the first byte has the value "0 ", all battery cell modules 2 perform the same operation. The remaining bits determine the operation. Data should be delivered immediately so that no time offsets are given. If the first bit of the first byte has the value "1 ", the prescribed battery cell module indicated by the addressing value provided in the remaining bits responds. If the battery cell module 101 receives this data signal but does not respond because the addressing value is not zero, the value 1 is subtracted from the addressing value and the data signal is transferred to the next battery cell module. If the addressing value is zero, the battery cell module 101 can be configured.

When the battery cell module 101 and the preceding battery cell module 201 or the succeeding battery cell module 301 transmit at the same time, one of the battery cell modules must temporarily store the data signal to be transmitted, . Thereafter, the held battery cell module can immediately transmit the temporarily stored data signal. In this case, it is preferable to prioritize the battery cell module 2. For example, a battery cell module closer to the central battery control unit 6 may have priority.

If balancing of the battery cell 3 is required, first, it is checked whether it is necessary by the battery cell module located farthest from the central battery control unit 6 in the series connection. If necessary, balancing of each battery cell 3 is carried out by a balancing switch. If not necessary, the preceding battery cell module in the serial connection checks whether balancing is necessary.

If balancing of the battery cell module 101 is required, it can be controlled through the first balancing switch 125 and / or the second balancing switch 126. When balancing of the battery cell module 101 is completed, the preceding battery cell module 201 is activated by the data signal to check whether balancing is necessary.

Each microcontroller, and thus each control unit, has the same BIOS (BIOS) that enables communication between the battery cell modules after assembly of each battery cell module in the battery system 1. The numbering cell in the EPROM of the battery cell module 101 is used for identification of the battery cell module. To this end, a variable name enabling the identification of the battery cell module in the serial connection of a plurality of battery cell modules is stored in the numbering cell. When the battery cell module is assembled in the battery system 6, automatic cell numbering is performed by an initialization routine. In this case, the variable names of the numbering cell and the control unit are automatically assigned. The updating of the cell numbering can always be done, for example, even after replacement of a cell with a defect.

Figure 3 shows the monitoring circuit 10 of the battery cell module 101 monitoring the microcontroller including the control unit 103. [ The microcontroller is powered by the battery cell 102 and is not required to communicate via the first or second communication unit 105, 106 if required by command of the central battery control unit 6, When a predetermined period of time has passed, it is in a rest state. This reduces the energy consumption of the microcontroller.

The monitoring circuit 10 includes a resettable counter 11, a clock generator 12, a first flip-flop 13, a second flip-flop 14, a third flip-flop 15 and an AND-gate 16 . The flip-flops are D-flip-flops in this embodiment. The clock generator 12 is connected to the clock inputs CLK of the resettable counter 11, the first flip-flop 13, the second flip-flop 14 and the third flip- The counter 11 is incremented for each clock of the clock generator and includes a counter output 19. The counter output 19 outputs a logic "1" when a predetermined counter value is reached. The counter output (19) is connected to the deactivation input of the counter (11). When the counter 11 outputs a logic "1" to the counter output 19, the counter 11 is deactivated and the logic "1" is maintained in the counter output 19 until the counter 11 is reset do. The counter 11 is also connected to a microcontroller including a control unit 103 and is regularly reset by the microcontroller during normal operation of the microcontroller until the counter 11 reaches a predetermined counter value. However, if the counter 11 is connected in the dormant state, the counter 11 is not reset by the microcontroller. The output of the counter 11 is connected to the data input D of the first flip-flop 13. The output (Q) of the first flip-flop is connected to the first input of the AND-gate (16). Thus, a logic "1" may be applied to the output of the AND-gate 16 only when the counter 11 has reached its predetermined counter value and then is not reset.

The data input D of the second flip-flop 14 is connected to the first communication unit 105 via the communication line 17. The output Q of the second flip-flop 14 is connected to the data input D of the third flip-flop 15 and to the second input of the AND-gate 16. The inverted output (QB) of the third flip-flop (15) is connected to the third input of the AND-gate (16). Thus, when the logic state changing to the data input D of the second flip-flop 14 is present, that is, when the data signal appears in the first communication unit 105, a pulse is applied to the output of the AND- do. In this case, the pulse is applied only when the counter 11 reaches the predetermined counter value and is not reset. The output of the AND-gate 16 is coupled to the microcontroller so that the microcontroller wakes from the dormant state when a pulse is applied to the output of the AND-gate 16.

Since the microcontroller is in a dormant state, if the counter of the monitoring circuit 10 operating as a timer here is not reset by the microcontroller, the data of the first flip-flop 13 A level of logic "1" is applied to the input D. When communication via the communication line 17 is indicated, a hardware interrupt occurs at the output of the AND-gate 16 and the microcontroller wakes up from the dormant state. The dormant state of the microcontroller can be achieved, for example, by a very slow clocking of the microcontroller. The battery cell module 101 includes a monitoring circuit 10 which is configured to activate the control unit 103 when the battery cell module 101 receives the data signal via the first communication unit 105 State.

In an alternative embodiment, the monitoring circuit 10 includes an additional flip-flop, which is coupled to the second communication unit 106 and coupled to the second and third flip-flops through an OR-gate . Thus, when the battery cell module 101 receives the data signal through the second communication unit 106, the monitoring circuit 10 is formed which makes the control unit 103 active.

The battery system 1 according to the present invention is also designed to superpose an alternating current having a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the lithium atom of the battery cell, in particular an alternating current in the GHz-range, and the data signal.

When the oscillating system is excited near the resonant frequency, low damping and large amplitude appear. This is often undesirable in, for example, buildings, cable cars, and outdoor lines, and can cause resonance failure phenomena. However, in certain states of a lithium-ion battery this may be desirable: if the cells contain dendrite formation and metallic lithium plating on the anode which may occur upon repeated battery discharging with high discharge current or upon charging at low temperature, , An indication of an aged cell that has lost capacity and an internal short may occur. The overlap of the GHz-range alternating current and the communication signal allows the lithium layer to be separated from the anode again and cell aging can be reversed. In this case, the superposition frequency should correspond to the resonance frequency of the Li-atom.

In addition to the above disclosure, reference is made to the disclosures of Figs.

1: Battery system
2, 101, 201, 301: battery cell module 3, 102: battery cell
6: Central battery control unit
8, 9, 129, 132, 232, 329: coupling unit 10: monitoring circuit
103: Control unit
105, 106, 206: communication unit 107: comparator
502: Data line

Claims (11)

1. A battery cell module (101) having a communication device for data exchange between a plurality of similar serial battery cell modules (101, 201, 301)
A battery cell 102 designed to supply the battery cell voltage U _B1 and to be connected in series with the battery cells of the battery cell 202 of the preceding battery cell module 201 and / or the subsequent battery cell module 301,
- a first communication unit (105) designed to receive a data signal
A control unit 103 having a second communication unit 106 designed to transmit a data signal,
The first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 is connected to the second communication unit of the preceding battery cell module 201 via the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201, A first coupling unit 129 designed to couple to the central battery control unit 6 or to the central battery control unit 6 via an individual data line 501,
- connecting said second communication unit (106) of said battery cell module (101) to said subsequent battery cell (101) via an individual data line (502) and through a first coupling unit (329) of said subsequent battery cell module And a second coupling unit (132) designed to couple to a first communication unit of the module (301)
The control unit 103 processes and / or modifies the data signal received through the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 or changes the data signal received through the second communication < RTI ID = 0.0 > Unit 106. < Desc / Clms Page number 12 > The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first coupling unit (129) of the battery cell module (101) and the second coupling unit (232) of the preceding battery cell module (201) form a first voltage divider in an engaged state, The voltage divider
The potential of the battery cell 102 on the side of the subsequent battery cell module 301
Wherein the intermediate voltage tap of the first voltage divider divides a voltage drop between potentials of the preceding battery cell module (201) and the second communication unit (206) of the battery cell module (201) (105). ≪ / RTI > The method according to claim 1,
- said first communication unit (105) is also designed to transmit a data signal,
- said second communication unit (106) is also designed to receive a data signal,
The control unit 103 is adapted to modify or unchange data signals received through the second communication unit 106 of the battery cell module 101 to the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101. [ The battery cell module being configured to transmit the battery cell module. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The second coupling unit 132 of the battery cell module 101 and the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301 form a second voltage divider in the coupled state, The
- the potential of the battery cell (102) on the side of the preceding battery cell module (201)
The intermediate voltage tap of the second voltage divider divides the voltage drop between the potential of the subsequent battery cell module (301) in the first communication unit and the voltage of the second communication unit (106) of the battery cell module ) Of the battery cell module. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Wherein the control unit (103) comprises a comparator (107) for comparing an incoming data signal with a comparison value, the data signal having a logic one if the voltage of the data signal is greater than the comparison value, And a logic zero if the comparison value is less than the comparison value. 6. The method of claim 5,
The control unit (103)
- sending an initialization signal having a high level and a low level, respectively, of the defined duration via said first and / or second communication units (105, 106), wherein said high level is the voltage of logic 1 Value, the low level corresponding to a voltage value of logic zero of the data signal,
Characterized in that the battery cell module is designed to receive an initialization signal of the preceding or subsequent battery cell module (301) to set the comparison value to a value between the high level and the low level. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The battery cell module 101 is connected to the control unit 103 when the battery cell module 101 receives a data signal through the first communication unit 105 and / And a monitoring circuit (10) for activating the battery cell module. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The control unit (103) includes a variable name that enables addressing and / or identification of the battery cell module (101) in a serial connection of a plurality of battery cell modules, and the name of the control unit (103) To the battery cell module. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Wherein the control unit (103) comprises an oscillator, in particular a voltage-controlled oscillator or RC-oscillator, and the control unit (103) is adapted to control the data signal based on the clock of the oscillator and in a central clock And is designed to control the clock based on the deviation of the generator and the oscillator. 10. A battery system (1) comprising n battery cell modules according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
The battery cells 3 of the plurality of battery cell modules 2 are connected in series,
- a first coupling unit (8) of n-1 battery cell modules each being coupled to a second coupling unit (9) of a preceding battery cell module,
- a central battery control unit (6) coupled to said first coupling unit (8) of a first battery cell in a series connection is arranged at the beginning of said series connection. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the battery control unit is designed to superimpose a data signal with an alternating current having a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency of lithium atoms of the battery cells, in particular an alternating current in the GHz range.

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