KR102471293B1 - Battery cell module with a communication device for data exchange between several similar series battery cell modules - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery cell module (101) having a communication device for exchanging data between a plurality of similar series battery cell modules (401, 101, 201, 301). The battery cell module precedes a battery cell 102, a control unit 103 having first and second communication units 105 and 106, and the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101. Coupled to the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201 through the second coupling unit 232 of the battery cell module 201 or coupled to the central battery control unit through a separate data line 501 a first coupling unit 129 designed to, and the second communication unit 106 of the battery cell module 101 via a separate data line 502 and a first coupling of the subsequent battery cell module 301 and a second coupling unit 132 designed to couple via unit 329 to the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module 301 . The control unit 103 processes and/or transforms the data signal received through the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 or performs the second communication of the battery cell module 101 without change. It is designed to transmit by unit 106.

Description

BATTERY CELL MODULE WITH A COMMUNICATION DEVICE FOR DATA EXCHANGE BETWEEN SEVERAL SIMILAR SERIES BATTERY CELL MODULES

The present invention relates to a battery cell module having a communication device for exchanging data between a plurality of similar series battery cell modules.

Lithium ion battery cell modules or lithium polymer battery cell modules are currently manufactured as stand-alone products without intrinsic intelligence. The intelligence to control and monitor the cells resides in the central battery control in the so-called Battery Control Unit (BCU) or is partially distributed in local cell-monitoring circuits, so-called Cell-Supervision-Circuits (CSCs). The CSC controls and/or monitors modules composed of several battery cell modules together with the BCU.

Individual cells go through several stages during their product life cycle: manufacturing, molding, assembly into a battery pack, operation in a vehicle, maintenance, replacement, end-of-life or recycling. (Second-life).

In this case, the battery cell module is not continuously monitored during its life cycle. Therefore, data of the battery cell module cannot be continuously detected. During manufacturing and molding, these data are detected and tracked by external monitoring systems, so-called MES-systems (Manufacturing Execution Systems). However, this data is not used during operation, for example in a vehicle. Further damage occurs during repair or replacement of battery cell modules or when they are passed over to other life spans, for example when they are transferred to stationary use after their performance has become too weak for in-vehicle operation.

In addition, since local monitoring/control of detection of data by the battery cell module is not performed, large costs are required to transfer the data of the battery cell module to the central battery control unit. Therefore, a large number of connection lines with partially high voltage are also required. In this case, allocation of battery cell modules and wiring is fixed.

DE102010016175A1 discloses a battery monitoring device according to the prior art having a plurality of battery monitoring modules in serial communication with a system controller.

DE102011002632A1 discloses a battery management unit with multiple cell monitoring units, the units being connected to one bus.

An object of the present invention is to provide a battery cell module having a communication device for exchanging data between a plurality of similar series battery cell modules, which does not require a common voltage level between all battery cell modules connected in series for communication.

The object is achieved by a battery cell module according to claim 1 having a communication device for exchanging data between a plurality of similar series battery cell modules.

A battery cell module according to the present invention having a communication device for exchanging data between a plurality of similar series battery cell modules supplies a battery cell voltage and is in series with a battery cell of a preceding battery cell module and/or a battery cell of a subsequent battery cell module. A control unit having a battery cell designed to be connected to a battery cell, a first communication unit designed to receive a data signal and a second communication unit designed to transmit a data signal, and a first communication unit of a battery cell module connected to a second communication unit of a preceding battery cell module. a first coupling unit designed to couple to the second communication unit of the preceding battery cell module through a coupling unit or to the central battery control unit through a separate data line, and a second communication unit of the battery cell module through a separate data line; and a second coupling unit designed to couple to the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module through and through the first coupling unit of the subsequent battery cell module, the control unit via the first communication unit of the battery cell module. It is designed to transmit by the second communication unit of the battery cell module without processing and/or transforming or changing the data signal that has been received. Such a battery cell module is desirable because it enables communication with other nearby battery cell modules with minimal wiring cost. Accordingly, with such a battery cell module, serial connection of a plurality of battery cell modules through which data can be transmitted is possible. Thus, there is no need for a common voltage between all battery cell modules connected in series, especially for communication.

Dependent claims present preferred embodiments of the invention.

A first voltage divider is formed in a state in which the first coupling unit of the battery cell module and the second coupling unit of the preceding battery cell module are coupled, and the voltage divider is connected to the first potential of the battery cell at the side of the subsequent battery cell module. It is preferred to divide the voltage drop between the second potential at the second communication unit of the battery cell module, wherein the mid voltage tap of the first voltage divider is coupled to the first communication unit of the battery cell module. All resistors of the first voltage divider may be included only in the first or second coupling unit. Thus, a particularly inexpensive coupling between multiple battery cell modules via a serial single wire interface is made possible. In this case, expensive coupling concepts such as photocouplers and inductive transducers can be omitted. In addition, an easily detected voltage level of a digital data signal is formed during data communication between adjacent battery cell modules, and logic 1 and zero can be distinguished during data communication by this voltage level.

Further, it is preferable that the first communication unit is designed to transmit data signals and the second communication unit is designed to receive data signals, and the control unit transmits the data signals that have been received through the second communication unit of the battery cell module. It is designed to be transmitted by the first communication unit of the battery cell module without modification or change. Accordingly, bi-directional data communication is possible between adjacent battery cell modules.

In addition, the second coupling unit of the battery cell module and the first coupling unit of the subsequent battery cell module form a second voltage divider in a coupled state, and the second voltage divider forms a third voltage divider of the battery cell on the side of the preceding battery cell module. Divide the voltage drop between the potential and a fourth potential in the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module, wherein the mid voltage tap of the second voltage divider is coupled to the second communication unit of the battery cell module. Thus, a particularly inexpensive coupling between multiple battery cell modules via a serial single wire interface is made possible. In this case, expensive coupling concepts such as photocouplers, flexible transducers, etc. can be omitted. In addition, an easily detected voltage level of a digital signal is formed during data communication between adjacent battery cell modules, and logic 1 and zero can be distinguished during data communication by this voltage level.

In particular, the control unit comprises a comparator for comparing an incoming data signal with a comparison value, said data signal having a logic 1 if the voltage of the data signal is greater than the comparison value, and a logic zero if the voltage of the data signal is less than the comparison value. have Thus, the communication device can detect the digital data signal of the data communication, and the voltage level of the digital data signal for logic 1 and zero is different from the voltage level of the rest of the digital signal used in the control unit.

In addition, the control unit transmits, through the first and/or the second communication unit, an initialization signal having a high level and a low level of a predetermined duration, respectively, and in this case, the high level corresponds to a logic 1 voltage value of the data signal. Correspondingly, the low level corresponds to a voltage value of logic zero of the data signal, and is preferably designed to receive an initialization signal of a preceding or succeeding battery cell module to set the comparison value to a value between the high level and the low level. Accordingly, fluctuations in voltage levels of data signals of data communication between adjacent battery cells caused by fluctuating battery cell voltages of adjacent battery cell modules in particular can be compensated for.

Further, the battery cell module preferably includes a monitoring circuit that activates the control unit when the battery cell module receives a data signal through the first communication unit and/or the second communication unit. Thus, energy consumption of the control unit of the battery cell module can be minimized.

It is also preferred that the control unit has a variable name which enables addressing and/or identification of the battery cell modules in a series connection of multiple battery cell modules, in which case the name of the control unit is automatically assigned. Thus, replacement of the battery cell module is possible in a simple manner, in which case no manual configuration arrangements or special wiring are required. The signal line for the measuring signal is disconnected and does not need to be reconnected after replacement, which reduces the risk of confusion and hazards caused by high voltages.

It is also preferred that the control unit comprises an oscillator, in particular a voltage controlled oscillator or an RC-oscillator, said control unit converting the data signal based on the clock of the oscillator and the deviation of the oscillator from a central clock generator not included in the battery cell module. It is designed to control the clock based on Thus, a high data rate is possible in data communication between a plurality of battery cell modules according to the present invention, and at the same time an inexpensive clock generator can be used.

A battery system including n battery cell modules according to the present invention, wherein battery cells of a plurality of battery cell modules are connected in series, and first coupling units of n-1 battery cell modules are connected to each of the preceding battery cell modules. A battery system is preferred wherein a central battery control unit coupled to the second coupling unit and coupled to the first coupling unit of the first battery cell module in the series connection is disposed at the beginning of the series connection. Such a battery system includes all the advantages of the battery cell module according to the present invention.

The battery control unit of the battery system uses an alternating current, in particular an alternating current in the GHz-range, with a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the lithium atoms of the battery cells, in order to remove the lithium plating on the anodes of one or more battery cells of the battery system. It is preferable to be designed to overlap with the data signal.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a schematic diagram of a battery system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a circuit diagram of a plurality of battery cell modules according to the first embodiment of the present invention connected in series;
3 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring circuit included in a battery cell module of a battery system according to the present invention.

1 shows a battery system 1 according to the invention of a first embodiment of the invention, comprising n number of battery cell modules 2 according to the invention. Each of the n number of battery cell modules 2 is indicated by related numbers #1 to #n in FIG. 1 . Here, the battery cells 3 of the plurality of battery cell modules 2 are connected in series in such a way that the positive poles of the battery cells 3 are each connected to the negative poles of the battery cells 3 succeeding in the series connection. do. In series connection, the negative pole of the first battery cell is connected to the negative battery pole 4 of the battery system 1 and to the central battery control unit 6 . The negative pole of the first battery cell forms a circuit ground (GND) of the battery system (1). The positive pole of the last, ie nth battery cell 3 is connected to the positive battery pole 5 of the battery system 1 .

Each of the n battery cell modules 2 includes one control unit 7 , each of which is connected to the positive and negative poles of the corresponding battery cell 3 . Each of the control units 7 comprises a first coupling unit 8 and a second coupling unit 9 .

In series connection, the first coupling unit 8 of the first battery cell module 2 is connected to the central battery control unit 6 . The second coupling unit 9 of each battery cell module 2 in series connection is connected to the first coupling unit 8 of the next, subsequent battery cell module 2 in series connection. In series connection, the second coupling unit 9 of the last battery cell module 2 is not connected to other coupling units. A total of n battery cell modules are connected in series, and successive battery cell modules 2 are connected to each other through the first coupling unit 8 and the second coupling unit 9, respectively.

Therefore, the first coupling units 8 of the n-1 battery cell modules 2 are coupled to the second coupling units 9 of the preceding battery cell modules 2, respectively, and the battery cell modules in series connection A central battery control unit 6 coupled to the first coupling unit 8 of the first battery cell module of s 2 is disposed at the beginning of the series connection.

2 shows a battery system 1, each having a communication device for data exchange between a plurality of similar series battery cell modules 101, 201, 301 connected in series in a series connection according to the first embodiment of the present invention. shows a circuit diagram of the two battery cell modules 201 and 101 and a partial circuit diagram of the two additional battery cell modules 301 and 401 of FIG. In this case, the battery cell module 101 according to the present invention follows the preceding battery cell module 201 in series connection. The battery cell module 101 is followed by a subsequent battery cell module 301 in series connection, not fully shown in FIG. 2 . An additional preceding battery cell module 401 not fully shown in FIG. 2 is connected to the front of the preceding battery cell module 201 in series connection.

The battery cell module 101 includes a battery cell 102 designed to supply a battery cell voltage U _B1 . Battery cell 102 is a lithium-ion cell in this first embodiment. In an alternative embodiment, battery cell 102 is formed from a series connection and/or parallel connection of multiple individual cells. The battery cell voltage U _B1 is 3.6 volts in this first embodiment, but may change depending on the state of charge of the battery cell 102 .

The preceding battery cell module 201 includes the battery cells 202 of the preceding battery cell module 201 . The subsequent battery cell module 301 includes the battery cell 302 of the subsequent battery cell module 301 . The series connection of the battery cell modules 101, 201, and 301 is such that, on the one hand, the battery cells 102, 202, and 302 of the battery cell modules 101, 201, and 301 connected in series are connected in series with each other, and on the other hand, It is characterized in that each adjacent battery cell module is connected to each other through a single data line (500, 501, 502), respectively.

The battery cell module 101 includes an internal circuit ground 109 formed by the negative pole of the battery cell 102 . In this case, the circuit ground 109 is isolated from the negative pole of the battery cell 102 via the measuring resistance 120, but since the measuring resistance has a low resistance of 100 μOhm in this first embodiment, the battery cell The potential difference between the negative pole of (102) and the circuit ground (109) is small.

The battery cell module 101 also includes a control unit 103 . The control unit 103 is included in the microcontroller in this first embodiment. The microcontroller uses circuit ground 109 as the ground potential. The control unit 103 is integrated into a chip in this first embodiment.

The microcontroller and thus the control unit 103 includes a multiplexer 104 . The multiplexer 104 comprises a first communication unit 105 designed to receive and transmit data signals, and a second communication unit 106 designed to receive and transmit data signals.

The microcontroller and thus the control unit 103 also includes a comparator 107 and a comparison value provider 108 . Comparator 107 includes an inverting input and a non-inverting input. The non-inverting input of comparator 107 is connected to multiplexer 104. Data signals received via the first communication unit 105 or the second communication unit 106 of the multiplexer 104 are passed to the non-inverting input of the comparator 107 .

The negative supply input of comparator 107 is connected to first circuit ground 109 through a first supply line, and the positive supply input of comparator 107 is connected to the positive pole of battery cell 102 through a second supply line. Since it is connected, power is supplied from the battery cell 102 . The inverting input of comparator 107 is connected to comparison value provider 108. A comparison value is provided to the comparator 107 by the comparison value provider 108, in this case the comparison value is a voltage level. The comparison value indicates that the logic “1” of the data signal transferred from the multiplexer 104 to the comparator 107 has a higher voltage level than the comparison value, and the logic “1” of the data signal transferred from the multiplexer 104 to the comparator 107 0" is selected so that it has a voltage level less than the comparison value.

The output of the comparator 107 is connected to the multiplexer 104, and the output signal of the comparator 107 is supplied to the multiplexer 104. The voltage level of the output signal of the comparator 107 depends on the data signal and the supply voltage of the comparator 107 . Therefore, the voltage level given to the output of the comparator 107 is equal to the voltage level given to the positive pole of the first battery cell 102 or the same to the voltage level given to the first circuit ground 109, depending on the data signal. . The temporal profile of the voltage level at the output of comparator 107 forms a matched data signal, the voltage level of the data signal for a logic "1" and the voltage level of the data signal for a logic "0" of the microcontroller Corresponds to other voltage levels for digital values used in

The multiplexer 104 is also connected to the receiving unit 110 of the control unit 103, which in this first embodiment is coupled to the processing unit 111 of the control unit 103. When a data signal is received by the first communication unit 105 or the second communication unit 106, the data signal is passed to the comparator 107 for level matching and then through the multiplexer 104 to the receiving unit 110. ) is transmitted to The receiving unit 110 is a so-called "Enhanced Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter" in this first embodiment. The processing unit 111 is an arithmetic operation unit that controls the battery cell module 101 . The control may be performed according to a command supplied to the first battery cell module 101 through a multiplexer in the form of a data signal. In this first embodiment, the command has its source in the central battery control 6 .

When a data signal not determined for the battery cell module 101 is received through the first communication unit 105 , the data signal is transmitted to the subsequent battery cell module 301 through the second communication unit 106 . When data not determined for the battery cell module 101 is received through the second communication unit 106 , the data is transferred to the preceding battery cell module 201 through the first communication unit 105 . In this first embodiment, prior to delivery of the data signal, the level of the received data signal is matched to the logical level of the battery cell module 301 in order to prevent a reduction in travel when transmitting data through a plurality of battery cell modules. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, prior to delivery of the data signal, the level of the received data signal is not matched to the logical level of the battery cell module 301 . To process the data signal in the addressed battery cell module, the comparison value of the addressed battery cell module is matched accordingly.

The microcontroller and thus the control unit 103 also includes an analog/digital converter 112 . Analog-to-digital converter 112 detects the battery cell voltage (U _B1 ) with respect to circuit ground 109 and converts it to a digital value representing the battery cell voltage (U _B1 ) to the positive pole of battery cell 102 . connected to

In addition, the analog/digital converter 112 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier 119, and the first input of the operational amplifier 119 is connected to the first side of the first measurement resistor 120 and the operational amplifier ( The second input of 119 is connected to the second side of the first measuring resistor 120 . The negative supply input of operational amplifier 119 is connected to the first supply line and the positive supply input of operational amplifier 119 is connected to the second supply line so that it is powered by battery cell 102 . Thus, the voltage drop across the measuring resistor 120 is detected, amplified by the operational amplifier 119 and sent to the analog/digital converter 112. The analog/digital converter converts the amplified voltage drop into a digital signal, and the digital signal represents the current flowing through the battery cell 102 .

Also, the analog/digital converter 112 is connected to the temperature measurement member 121, and the temperature measurement member includes a temperature dependent resistance 122 and an ohmic resistance 123. A first side of temperature dependent resistor 122 is connected to first circuit ground 109 . The second side of the temperature dependent resistor 122 is connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 102 through an ohmic resistor 123 . An analog/digital converter 112 is connected to the second side of the temperature dependent resistor 122. Thus, temperature dependent resistor 122 and ohmic resistor 123 form a voltage divider that divides battery cell voltage U _B1 according to temperature. The temperature dependent voltage reduced by the temperature measuring member 121 is converted into a digital signal representing the temperature of the battery cell module 101 in the analog/digital converter 112 .

The analog/digital converter 112 is connected to the multiplexer 104 and transmits a digital signal representing the current flowing through the first battery cell 102, the battery cell voltage U _B1 , and the temperature of the battery cell module 101 to the multiplexer. via 104 to the receiving unit 110 and thus to the processing unit 111.

The microcontroller and thus the control unit 103 also comprises a switching module 124 comprising a first balancing switch 125 and a second balancing switch 126 in the first embodiment above. In this case, the first side of the first balancing switch 125 and the first side of the second balancing switch 126 are connected to circuit ground 109 . The second side of the first balancing switch 125 is connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 102 through a first balancing resistor 127 . The second side of the second balancing switch 126 is connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 102 through a second balancing resistor 128 . The switching state of the balancing switches 125 and 126 may be controlled by the processing unit 111 . By closing the first balancing switch 125 and/or the second balancing switch 126, the battery cell 102 may be discharged through the first and/or second balancing resistors 127 and 128.

The battery cell module 101 also includes a first coupling unit 129 substantially consisting of a first resistor 130 in the first embodiment. The first coupling unit 129 has a first side of the first resistor 130 connected to the positive pole of the battery cell 102 and a second side of the first resistor 130 connected to the first communication unit 105. It is connected to the remaining components of the battery cell module 101 so as to be connected to. At the same time, a plug contact is disposed on the second side of the first resistor 130, and the plug contact connects the battery cell module 101 to the second coupling unit of the preceding battery cell module 201 via the first plug connection. 232), and forms a data line 501 between the first battery cell module 101 and the preceding battery cell module 201. The first resistor 130 has a resistance value R ₁ =10 kΩ.

The battery cell module 101 also includes a second coupling unit 132 substantially consisting of a second resistor 133 and a third resistor 134 in the first embodiment. The second coupling unit 132 is a battery cell such that the first side of the second resistor 133 is connected to the second communication unit 106 and the plug contact is disposed on the second side of the second resistor 133. It is connected to the remaining components of module 101. The plug contact connects the battery module 101 to the first coupling unit 329 of the next battery cell module 301 through the second plug connection, and thus the battery cell module 101 and the next battery cell module 301 ) to form the data line 502 between them. The first side of the second resistor 133 is also connected to circuit ground 109 through a third resistor 134 and a switch 135 connected in series thereto. The second resistor 133 has a resistance value R ₂ =10 kΩ. The third resistor 134 has a resistance value R ₃ =10 kΩ.

The preceding battery cell module 201 shown in FIG. 2 has the same configuration as the battery cell module 101 . Subsequent battery cell modules 301 also have the same configuration as the battery cell module 101 .

When the battery cell module 101 is connected in series with the preceding battery cell module 201, the first coupling unit 129 of the battery module 101 connects the first coupling unit 129 of the preceding battery cell module 201 through the first plug connection. 2 coupling unit 232 and since the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201 is connected to the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201, the battery cell module The first communication unit 105 of 101 communicates the second communication of the preceding battery cell module 201 via the individual data line 501 and via the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201. Connected to unit 206. The individual data line 501 is formed by a plug connection between the first coupling unit 129 and the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201, and in this case is a single-wire connection.

When the battery cell module 101 is connected in series with the subsequent battery cell module 301, the second coupling unit 132 of the battery cell module 101 is connected to the subsequent battery cell module 301 through the second plug connection. Since the first coupling unit 329 is connected to the first coupling unit 329 and the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301 is connected to the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module 301, the battery cell module 101 The second communication unit 106 of ) to the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module 301 via the respective data line 502 and via the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301. connected The individual data line 502 is formed by a plug connection between the second coupling unit 132 and the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301, in this case a single-wire connection.

The circuit ground 209 and circuit ground 109 of the preceding battery cell module 201 are not connected to a common voltage level. Rather, a voltage drop occurs between the two circuit grounds 109 and 209 , which appears to be substantially defined by the battery cell voltage U _B2 of the preceding battery cell module 201 . Thus, the voltage level increases with each battery cell module, and the increase directly depends on the condition of each battery cell.

The first coupling unit 129 of the battery cell module 101 and the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201 form a first voltage divider in a coupled state, and the voltage divider is The first potential of the battery cell 102 at the side of 301, here between the potential of the positive pole of the battery cell 102 and the second potential at the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201. Dividing the voltage drop, the middle voltage tap of the first voltage divider is coupled to the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 .

The control unit 103 processes and/or transforms the data signal received through the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101, or the second communication unit 106 of the battery cell module 101 without change. designed to be transmitted by Thus, information can be transmitted from the preceding battery cell module 201 to the battery cell module 101 . Also, information may be transmitted from the battery cell module 101 to the subsequent battery cell module 301 . Thus, it becomes possible for information to be transmitted within the series connection of battery cell modules 2 until it reaches one or more battery cell modules 2 where the information is determined.

Data transmission from the preceding battery cell module 201 to the battery cell module 101 is described as an example. During this data transfer, the switch 235 of the preceding battery cell module 201 corresponding to the switch of the battery cell module 101 is opened so as not to receive an unnecessary current load. The data signal consists of logic "0" and logic "1", and is transmitted from the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201.

With respect to the circuit ground 209 of the leading battery cell module 201, a logic “0” in the leading battery cell module 201 has a voltage level of 0 V, and a logic “1” has a voltage level of 0 V and a logic “1” has the same voltage level as the battery cell voltage (U _B2 ) of With respect to the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101, a logic “0” in the battery cell module 101 has a voltage level of 0 V, and a logic “1” has a voltage level of 0 V, and a logic “1” to the battery cell of the battery cell module 101. It has the same voltage level as the voltage U _B1 . Thus, with respect to the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101, the voltage level of the logic “1” of the preceding battery cell module 201 is equal to the voltage level of the logic “0” of the battery cell module 101. something to do. This will cause a communication error between the battery cell modules 201 and 101 .

However, according to the present invention, the voltage levels of the logic "0" and logic "1" of the preceding battery cell module 201 are raised by the first voltage divider in association with the reduction of the stroke, so that the adjacent battery cell modules ( 201, 101) potential matching is made. This is achieved by means of a resistive network formed by the first and second voltage dividers.

When logic “0” is transmitted through the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201, a voltage drop is made through the first voltage divider, and the voltage drop is the battery cell voltage of the battery cell module 101. It corresponds to the sum of (U _B1 ) and the battery cell voltage (U _B2 ) of the preceding battery cell module 201 . The first resistor 130 of the battery cell module 101 is designed to have the same dimension as the second resistor 233 of the preceding battery cell module 201 corresponding to the second resistor 133 of the battery cell module 101. Because of this, half the voltage drop is given between the two resistors. In addition, since the battery cell voltage (U _B1 ) of the battery cell module 101 and the battery cell voltage (U _B2 ) of the preceding battery cell module 201 are approximately the same, the logic of the preceding battery cell module 201 is “0”. The voltage level of is increased by approximately the value of the battery cell voltage (U _B2 ) of the preceding battery cell module 201, that is, by about 3.6 volts. The ground potential at the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101 is also higher than the ground potential at the circuit ground 209 of the preceding battery cell module 201. The battery cell voltage (U _B2 ) of the preceding battery cell module 201 rises by the value of , the logic “0” transmitted through the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201 reduces the voltage level at the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101. This voltage level represents a voltage difference of about 0V relative to the ground potential at the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101.

When logic “1” is transmitted by the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201, a voltage drop is given through the first voltage divider, and the voltage drop is the battery cell voltage of the battery cell module 101. corresponds approximately to (U _B1 ). Since the first resistor 130 of the battery cell module 101 and the second resistor 233 of the preceding battery cell module 201 are designed with identical dimensions, only half the voltage drop is given between the two resistors. . Thus, this roughly corresponds to the half battery cell voltage (U _B1 ) of the battery cell module 101 and thus is about 1.8 volts. Thus, with respect to the ground potential at the circuit ground 209 of the preceding battery cell module 201, the voltage level of a logic “1” of 3.6 volts rises by 1.8 volts, so about 5.4 volts. The ground potential at the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101 is higher than the ground potential at the circuit ground 209 of the preceding battery cell module 201. The battery cell voltage of the preceding battery cell module 201 (U _B2 ) rises by the value of , the logic “1” transmitted through the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201 reduces the voltage level at the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101. This voltage level represents a voltage difference of about 1.8 V relative to the ground potential at the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101 .

Therefore, the voltage level of the data signal of the preceding battery cell module 201 transmitted to the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 is equal to the ground potential at the circuit ground 109 of the battery cell module 101. Relevant can be summarized as follows:

Voltage level of logic "0":

(U _B1 - U _B2 ) x R ₂ /(R ₁ + R ₂ ) [in the range of 0 volts]

Voltage level of logic "1":

(U _B1 ) x R ₂ /(R ₁ + R ₂ ) [within the range of U _B1 /2]

Further matching of the voltage levels is made by comparator 107. The comparison value is within the range of greater than 0 volts and less than U _B1 /2.

To preferably set the comparison value, a high-signal with a voltage level of logic “1” is first transmitted by the preceding battery cell module 201 over a predetermined duration, here 800 μs. Then, a low-signal with a voltage level of logic “0” is transmitted by the preceding battery cell module 201 over a predetermined duration, here 800 μs. From the high-signal and low-signal, the comparison value of the comparator 107 and hence the threshold value and hysteresis are determined.

Transmission of data from the subsequent battery cell module 301 to the battery cell module 101 is described as an example. At the time of this data transmission, the switch 135 of the battery cell module 101 is closed. A data signal composed of logic "0" and logic "1" is transmitted by the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module 301.

The second coupling unit 132 of the battery cell module 101 and the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 201 are in a coupled state when the switch 135 of the battery cell module 101 is closed. . Divide the voltage drop between potentials in the first communication unit. In this case, the middle voltage tap of the second voltage divider is coupled to the second communication unit 106 of the battery cell module 101 .

According to the present invention, the voltage levels of the logic "0" and logic "1" of the subsequent battery cell module 301 are dropped by the second voltage divider in association with the reduction of the stroke, so that the adjacent battery cell modules 101, 301), potential matching between them is made. This is done similarly to the rise of the voltage level by the first voltage divider by means of the second voltage divider.

Further matching of the voltage levels is made by comparator 107. In order to preferably set the comparison value, also in this case, first, a high-signal with a voltage level of logic "1" is transmitted by the subsequent battery cell module 301 over a predetermined duration, here 800 μs. Then, a low-signal with a voltage level of logic “0” is transmitted by the subsequent battery cell module 301 over a predetermined duration, here 800 μs. From the high-signal and low-signal, the comparison value of the comparator 107 and hence the threshold value and hysteresis are determined.

Since data transmission from the preceding battery cell module 201 to the battery cell module 101 becomes possible and data transmission from the subsequent battery cell module 301 to the battery cell module 101 becomes possible, information is transmitted in both directions of the series connection. can be transmitted

The microcontroller comprising the control unit 103 includes an internal oscillator based on a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in this first embodiment. As an alternative, a simple RC-oscillator may also be used. The oscillator outputs a frequency in the range of eg 500 kHz. Said frequency is multiplied by a phase locked loop to obtain a correspondingly high operating frequency and thus clock frequency for the microcontroller.

However, since the oscillator has a large tolerance, chained communications between battery cell modules, e.g., the preceding battery cell module 201 and the battery cell module 101, are only very limited in the case of asynchronous communication given here. There is a problem with that being possible, since exact temporal decomposition is not possible.

Thus, the battery cell module 101 is designed to adjust its clock frequency to that of the preceding battery cell module 201 . When a data signal is transmitted from the preceding battery cell module 201 to the battery cell module 101, the data signal is clock-controlled to the clock frequency of the preceding battery cell module 201 or several times the clock frequency. Thus, the data signal has a raster frequency corresponding to the clock frequency. A deviation between the clock of the internal oscillator of the battery cell module 101 and the clock of the internal oscillator of the preceding battery cell module 201 is determined by the time interval of the edges occurring in the data signal. The deviation is converted into a correction voltage for the VCO. For this, a digital cascade control circuit is used which includes an inner loop for phase deviation and an outer loop for frequency. Thus, raster matching is achieved so that the entire microcontroller is synchronized to a common raster.

The central battery controller 6 includes a crystal resonator as a central clock generator. Due to the small tolerance of the crystal resonator, the battery controller 6 has a clock frequency that is continuous in time. When a data signal is transmitted from the central battery controller 6 to the first battery cell module in series connection, the data signal is clock-controlled at a clock frequency or multiples of the clock frequency. Thus, by the central battery controller 6, the clock frequency for controlling all the battery cell modules is predetermined. Thus, the microcontroller and thus the data signals are clock controlled based on the clock of the oscillator and based on the deviation of the oscillator from the central clock generator not included in the battery cell module 101 .

Thus, accurate phase coupling between the microcontrollers of the battery cell module 2 is achieved. Asynchronous data transfer can be made with high raster frequencies (in the range of 500 kBaud) and therefore high data rates. Since the central battery control 6 operates as a crystal, a correspondingly high accuracy is also given for the timer function.

In the initialization phase of the battery system 1 , current does not flow through the battery cells 102 of the battery cell module 101 . Calibration of the analog/digital converter 112 is performed at this stage. In this case, the offset-temperature variation of the operational amplifier 119 is compensated, which can also be done during operation. This is achieved by the temperature of the battery cell module 101 detected by the temperature measuring member 121 . The detected battery cell voltage (U _B1 ) and the detected current through the battery cell 102 are transmitted from the analog/digital converter 112 to the processing unit 111 via the multiplexer 104 and the receiving unit 110. The processing unit transmits the detected values to the central battery control unit 6 by means of the first communication unit 105 and the battery cell module interposed therebetween. Direct measurement of the battery cell voltage U _B1 and the current through the battery cell 102 by the battery cell module 101, without long lines to the central battery control unit 6, allows accurate measurement of these values. and prevent interfering HF-coupling.

The data signal contains 2 bytes in this first embodiment. The first byte is an identifier used for addressing and indicating what is to be done by the battery cell module.

If the first bit of the first byte has the value "0", all battery cell modules 2 execute the same operation. The remaining bits determine the operation. Data must be delivered immediately so that no time offset is given. If the first bit of the first byte has the value "1", the specified battery cell module, indicated by the addressing value provided to the remaining bits, reacts. If the battery cell module 101 receives this data signal but does not respond because the addressing value is not zero, the value 1 is subtracted from the addressing value and the data signal is transmitted to the next battery cell module. If the addressing value is zero, the battery cell module 101 may be configured.

When the battery cell module 101 and the preceding battery cell module 201 or the subsequent battery cell module 301 transmit at the same time, one of the battery cell modules needs to temporarily store the data signal to be transmitted and the data signal of the other battery cell module should convey After that, the held battery cell module may immediately transmit the temporarily stored data signal. In this case, it is preferable to prioritize the battery cell module 2. For example, a battery cell module placed closer to the central battery controller 6 may have priority.

If balancing of the battery cells 3 is requested, first, it is checked by the battery cell module placed furthest from the central battery controller 6 in series connection whether or not there is a need. If necessary, balancing of each battery cell 3 is carried out by means of a balancing switch. If there is no need, the battery cell module preceding in the series connection checks whether balancing is necessary.

If balancing of the battery cell module 101 is required, this may be controlled through the first balancing switch 125 and/or the second balancing switch 126 . When the balancing of the battery cell module 101 is finished, the preceding battery cell module 201 is activated by a data signal to check whether balancing is necessary.

Each microcontroller, and therefore each control unit, after assembly of each battery cell module in the battery system 1, has the same BIOS enabling communication between the battery cell modules. Numbering cells in the EPROM of the battery cell module 101 are used for identification of the battery cell module. To this end, a variable name enabling identification of a battery cell module in a series connection of a plurality of battery cell modules is stored in the numbering cell. When the battery cell modules are assembled into the battery system 6, automatic cell numbering is performed by an initialization routine. In this case, numbering cells and variable names of control units are automatically assigned. An update of the cell numbering can be done at all times, for example even after replacement of a defective cell.

3 shows the monitoring circuit 10 of the battery cell module 101 monitoring the microcontroller comprising the control unit 103 . The microcontroller is supplied with voltage by the battery cell 102 and communicates when requested by a command from the central battery control unit 6 or without communication via the first or second communication unit 105, 106. When a predetermined period passes, it enters a dormant state. This reduces the energy consumption of the microcontroller.

The monitoring circuit 10 comprises a resettable counter 11, a clock generator 12, a first flip-flop 13, a second flip-flop 14, a third flip-flop 15 and an AND-gate 16. include The flip-flops are D-flip-flops in this embodiment. The clock generator 12 is connected to the clock inputs CLK of the resettable counter 11 , the first flip flop 13 , the second flip flop 14 and the third flip flop 15 . The counter 11 is incremented per clock of the clock generator and includes a counter output 19. The counter output 19 outputs a logic "1" when a predetermined counter value is reached. The counter output 19 is connected to the disable input of the counter 11. When a logic "1" is output to the counter output 19 by the counter 11, the counter 11 is deactivated and a logic "1" is maintained at the counter output 19 until the counter 11 is reset. do. The counter 11 is also connected to the microcontroller comprising the control unit 103 and is regularly reset by said microcontroller during normal operation of the microcontroller until the counter 11 reaches a predetermined counter value. However, if the counter 11 is connected in an idle state, the counter 11 is not reset by the microcontroller. The output of the counter 11 is connected to the data input D of the first flip-flop 13 . The output (Q) of the first flip-flop is connected to the first input of the AND-gate (16). Thus, a logic "1" can be applied to the output of AND-gate 16 only if the counter 11 has reached its predetermined counter value and has not been reset.

The data input (D) of the second flip flop (14) is connected to the first communication unit (105) via a communication line (17). The output Q of the second flip-flop 14 is connected to the data input D of the third flip-flop 15 and to the second input of the AND-gate 16 . The inverting output QB of the third flip-flop 15 is connected to the third input of the AND-gate 16. Thus, when a changing logic state appears at the data input D of the second flip-flop 14, i.e. a data signal appears at the first communication unit 105, a pulse is applied to the output of the AND-gate 16. do. In this case, a pulse is applied only if the counter 11 has not been reset after reaching its predetermined counter value. The output of the AND-gate 16 is coupled to the microcontroller such that the microcontroller wakes up from sleep when a pulse is applied to the output of the AND-gate 16.

Since the microcontroller is in the idle state, if the counter of the monitoring circuit 10, here acting as a timer, is not reset by said microcontroller, the output of the counter 11 and thus the data of the first flip-flop 13 A level of logic "1" is applied to the input (D). When communication via the communication line 17 appears, a hardware interrupt occurs at the output of the AND-gate 16, and the microcontroller wakes up from hibernation. The idle state of the microcontroller can be achieved, for example, by very slow clocking of the microcontroller. The battery cell module 101 includes a monitoring circuit 10, which activates the control unit 103 when the battery cell module 101 receives a data signal through the first communication unit 105. make it state

In an alternative embodiment, the monitoring circuit 10 includes an additional flip-flop, which is coupled to the second communication unit 106 and via an OR-gate to the second and third flip-flops. . Thus, when the battery cell module 101 receives a data signal through the second communication unit 106, the monitoring circuit 10 that activates the control unit 103 is formed.

The battery system 1 according to the invention is also designed to superimpose said data signal with an alternating current having a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the lithium atoms of the battery cell, in particular an alternating current in the GHz-range.

When a vibrating system is excited near the resonant frequency, low damping and large amplitude appear. This is often undesirable, for example in buildings, cable cars, outdoor lines, etc., and can lead to resonance breakdown. However, in certain conditions of a lithium-ion battery this can be desirable: if the cells contain dendrite formation and metallic lithium plating on the anode that can occur during repeated battery discharges at high discharge currents or upon charging at low temperatures, this , an indication of aged cells that have lost capacity and may exhibit internal shorts. Superimposition of the GHz-range alternating current and the communication signal can separate the lithium layer from the anode again and reverse cell aging. In this case, the superposition frequency should correspond to the resonance frequency of the Li-atom.

In addition to the above disclosure content, reference is made to the disclosure content of FIGS. 1 to 3 .

1: Battery system
2, 101, 201, 301: battery cell module 3, 102: battery cell
6: central battery control unit
8, 9, 129, 132, 232, 329: coupling unit 10: monitoring circuit
103: control unit
105, 106, 206: communication unit 107: comparator
502: data line

Claims (11)

As a battery cell module 101 having a communication device for data exchange between a plurality of similar series battery cell modules 101, 201, 301,
- battery cells 102 designed to supply the battery cell voltage U _B1 and be connected in series with the battery cells 202 of the preceding battery cell module 201 and/or the battery cells of the subsequent battery cell module 301;
- a first communication unit 105 designed to receive data signals; and
a control unit 103 with a second communication unit 106 designed to transmit data signals;
- The first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 is connected to the second communication unit of the preceding battery cell module 201 via the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201 a first coupling unit (129) designed to couple to (206) or to the central battery control unit (6) via a separate data line (501); and
- the second communication unit 106 of the battery cell module 101 via a separate data line 502 and via the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301 the subsequent battery cell a second coupling unit 132 designed to couple to the first communication unit of the module 301;
The control unit 103 processes and/or transforms the data signal received through the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 or performs the second communication of the battery cell module 101 without change. Battery cell module, characterized in that it is designed for transmission by the unit (106). According to claim 1,
The first coupling unit 129 of the battery cell module 101 and the second coupling unit 232 of the preceding battery cell module 201 form a first voltage divider in a coupled state, voltage divider
The potential of the battery cell 102 on the side of the subsequent battery cell module 301 and
divides the voltage drop between the potentials at the second communication unit 206 of the preceding battery cell module 201, and the mid voltage tap of the first voltage divider is A battery cell module, characterized in that coupled to (105). According to claim 1,
- the first communication unit (105) is also designed to transmit data signals,
- the second communication unit (106) is also designed to receive data signals;
The control unit 103 controls the first communication unit 105 of the battery cell module 101 without modifying or changing the data signals received through the second communication unit 106 of the battery cell module 101. Characterized in that designed to transmit by the battery cell module. According to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The second coupling unit 132 of the battery cell module 101 and the first coupling unit 329 of the subsequent battery cell module 301 form a second voltage divider in a coupled state, and the second voltage divider Is
- the potential of the battery cell 102 on the side of the preceding battery cell module 201 and
- divides the voltage drop between potentials at the first communication unit of the subsequent battery cell module (301), and the middle voltage tap of the second voltage divider is the second communication unit (106) of the battery cell module (101). ) characterized in that coupled to, the battery cell module. According to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The control unit 103 includes a comparator 107 that compares an incoming data signal with a comparison value, the data signal has a logic 1 if the voltage of the data signal is greater than the comparison value, and the voltage of the data signal is A battery cell module, characterized in that it has a logic zero when it is smaller than the comparison value. According to claim 5,
The control unit 103 is
- sending an initialization signal having a high level and a low level of a predetermined duration, respectively, through the first and/or second communication unit 105, 106, wherein the high level is the logic 1 voltage of the data signal; value, the low level corresponds to the voltage value of logic zero of the data signal;
- A battery cell module, characterized in that it is designed to receive an initialization signal of the preceding or succeeding battery cell module (301), in order to set the comparison value to a value between the high level and the low level. According to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The battery cell module 101 controls the control unit 103 when the battery cell module 101 receives a data signal through the first communication unit 105 and/or the second communication unit 106. A battery cell module, characterized in that it comprises a monitoring circuit (10) which makes it active. According to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The control unit 103 includes a variable name that enables addressing and/or identification of the battery cell module 101 in a series connection of multiple battery cell modules, and the name of the control unit 103 is automatically Characterized in that assigned to, battery cell module. According to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The control unit 103 comprises an oscillator, in particular a voltage controlled oscillator or RC-oscillator, the control unit 103 converts the data signal on the basis of the clock of the oscillator and to a central clock not included in the battery cell module. A battery cell module, characterized in that it is designed to control the clock based on the generator and the deviation of the oscillator. In a battery system (1) comprising n battery cell modules according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
- battery cells 3 of a plurality of battery cell modules 2 are connected in series,
- the first coupling units (8) of the n-1 battery cell modules are each coupled to the second coupling units (9) of the preceding battery cell modules;
- A battery system, characterized in that a central battery control unit (6) coupled to said first coupling unit (8) of a first battery cell in a series connection is arranged at the beginning of said series connection. According to claim 10,
The battery system, characterized in that the battery control unit is designed to superimpose the data signal with an alternating current having a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of lithium atoms of the battery cells, in particular an alternating current in the GHz-range.

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