KR102451079B1 - Visual Abstraction Analysis Method of Power System - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is an analysis method for grasping the state of an analysis target device under the operation of an actual power system, wherein the analysis method determines the analysis target device from the shape of the figure, the size of the figure, the color of the figure, and the size of the font on the screen Provided is a visual abstraction analysis method of a power system that is implemented as a node that is divided and formed with at least one factor, and that grasps the characteristics of a device to be analyzed in the power system by visually showing the change of the factor over time can be

Description

Visual Abstraction Analysis Method of Power System

The present invention relates to a visual abstraction analysis method of a power system.

If the low voltage state can be maintained for all devices in the power system of the workplace, the efficiency of the devices is not reduced and electricity costs can be saved.

However, in order to maintain a low voltage state in all devices, it is necessary to grasp the movement of voltage characteristics in an actual operating environment while operating the power system.

The present invention simplifies the main analysis target device of the power system by changing the shape, size, and color on the screen part, and visually shows it over time while expressing it in a radial connection structure to easily check the voltage characteristics of the component target device It is to provide a visual abstraction analysis method of the electric power system.

The solution means of the present invention is an analysis method for grasping the state of the analysis target device under the actual power system operation, wherein the analysis method determines the shape of the figure, the size of the figure, the color of the figure, and the font on the screen unit. Visual abstract analysis of the power system to identify the characteristics of the device to be analyzed in the power system by implementing it as a node that is divided and formed by a factor consisting of at least one of the sizes of the power system, and visually showing the change of the factor over time A method may be provided.

The abstract analysis method of the present invention can be expressed as a factor consisting of at least one of various types of symbol shapes, sizes, and colors visually displayed on the screen, so that the following items of various analysis target devices can be easily grasped.

1) It is possible to determine whether the measuring equipment is operating normally.

Since each node in the schematic is generally the location of the equipment including the measuring device, when an empty node appears, it is necessary to check whether the measuring device is operating normally and the communication status. At this time, in the case of an empty node where the value does not appear continuously, there is a high possibility that the measurement device itself is defective, and if the value appears and disappears while flickering, there is a high possibility that the communication state is bad.

2) Voltage stability and surplus voltage operating range for each device to be analyzed can be identified.

When the threshold is set as a voltage, if there is a device that appears as a diamond node, the device deviates from the threshold, so it can be assumed that the voltage stability is poor.

Of course, not all cases outside the threshold can be considered a problem. This is because, for example, the voltage may momentarily drop as the motor starts running right after the factory is started. These cases can be easily excluded because the video allows us to understand the data over time, and the text grows only when it exceeds the threshold.

If the diamond node has both blue and red outlines, the device is a device that moves from a low voltage band to an overvoltage band, and the voltage stability is very poor, and there is a high possibility that detailed inspection is required. Conversely, in the case of rectangular or circular nodes not indicated by diamonds, it can be seen that they have voltage stability.

Instead, if there is no diamond node, or if there is only a blue diamond node, it is possible to examine the possibility of lowering the voltage. This is because, according to the CVR theory, power can be saved when the device is operated at low voltage.

3) It is possible to determine whether the capacitor is operating normally.

In the case of capacitors, since they are commonly used to compensate for reactive power, when reactive power reoccurs or gradually increases in the group group connected to the capacitor, it can be questioned whether the capacitor operates normally.

It can be suspected that the reactive power value of the capacitor itself is not measured, but in this case, it is usually a communication problem or the function of the capacitor is highly likely to be off.

4) It is possible to determine whether the power factor can be improved by installing a capacitor.

It is possible to improve the power factor by installing a capacitor near the group where the reactive power is high. At this time, since the image can be analyzed while watching the change in values over several hours, it is possible to respond in consideration of more diverse situations than analyzing through snapshot data at a specific point in time.

Referring to FIG. 2 , if a capacitor is installed on the group side of the NB-U-201 device at the bottom of the image, there is a possibility of improving the power factor.

5) Uncompensated inductive loads can be found.

6) The efficiency of the power system can be improved by suggesting transformer tap adjustment or installing additional transformers.

For the military group in which the overall voltage is falling or rising, it is possible to consider whether to install additional transformers or capacitors in the relevant part. In particular, in the case where the voltage rises and falls frequently over time for the entire system or a specific group, a stable voltage supply range can be secured by introducing a transformer tap adjustment device.

The present invention is designed to be analyzed from various viewpoints by setting several options, and since these setting values are not dependent on information to express the image, the selection can be changed even while the image is being played, and it can be immediately reflected on the screen. can

1 is a view showing an image for implementing the analysis method of the present invention.
2 is an enlarged view of a part of an image implementing the analysis method of the present invention.
3 is a block diagram of an analysis apparatus for implementing the analysis method of the present invention.

Maintaining a low-voltage state for devices that use electricity can save 3 to 5% of electricity bills without compromising device efficiency.

CVR (Conservative Voltage Reduction) is an energy efficiency measure that reduces power consumption by lowering the supply voltage. savings may be possible.

For example, a motor's maximum load efficiency is between its nominal voltage and about 10% overvoltage, but when the load is reduced, the point of best efficiency can shift significantly to lower voltages. When the input voltage of the motor is lowered, the excitation loss can be reduced and thus the efficiency of the motor can be improved.

When power is supplied within the lower tolerance range based on the nominal voltage of 220V, the efficiency is maximized mainly for the inductive load device, so that energy can be saved without interruption of the process. For example, if the voltage tolerance range is 207V ~ 233V, 207V ~ 230V is a typical industrial voltage operating deviation, and between 207V ~ 220V is the recommended voltage operating range, which can improve device efficiency, reduce load, and reduce electricity bills. can

In order to maintain the low voltage state for all devices in the power system, it is necessary to first understand the movement of voltage characteristics in the actual operating environment while operating the power system. The present invention is an analysis method that implements the operation status of all devices on the screen through font size, various symbol shapes, colors, and sizes in order to understand the voltage characteristics of such devices.

1 is a view showing an image for implementing the analysis method of the present invention.

2 is an enlarged view of a part of an image implementing the analysis method of the present invention. 3 is a block diagram of an analysis apparatus for implementing the analysis method of the present invention.

The present invention may be for visually expressing the power system by abstracting it, and expressing it as an image over time to easily understand the characteristics of the power system.

In the present invention, the target period is a period to be analyzed, and the preprocessing process may have the following values calculated in advance in the preprocessing process before the visual expression. That is, it may be an average value for each device for voltage, unbalance factor, harmonic, power factor, etc., existence or nonexistence when a critical point is exceeded.

There may be some values that need to be managed so as not to cross a threshold in the power system. For example, the voltage should not be too low or higher than the reference voltage, and in the case of a power factor, it is common to manage it so that it does not become less than 90%.

In the present invention, it can be expressed in a diamond shape so that devices crossing such a critical point can be recognized and managed at a glance.

What is to be used as the threshold criterion is a matter that can be set by the user, and for example, the following set values may be provided. That is, it may be voltage, voltage unbalance factor, current unbalance factor, harmonics, power factor, or any other measurement value having a meaning of setting a threshold value.

In the present invention, a device in which one value is selected and the corresponding value exceeds a critical point is expressed as a diamond figure, but in fact, it may be possible to select two or more values to express the device in different types of figures.

However, since options can be freely changed during video playback and analysis can be performed, it is recommended to focus on one value rather than expressing multiple values in various shapes.

When the type of the threshold value is determined, the reference value may be set. Usually, it can be set as a relative value, %, but it is okay to set an absolute value as a threshold value.

The following is an example of setting relative values for each value type.

Voltage: set in %

; If the reference voltage is 220V and the threshold value is set to 5% of the upper and lower levels, the lower threshold may be 209V and the upper threshold may be 231V.

Unbalance factor, harmonics: set in %

; If the threshold value is set to 10%, 0 to 10% is considered as a normal range, and if it exceeds 10%, it may be treated as exceeding the threshold (the reference value is 0).

Power factor: set in %

; If the threshold value is set to 10%, 90 to 100% is considered as a normal range, and if it is less than 90%, it can be treated as exceeding the threshold (the reference value is 100).

A device in which a value exceeding the set threshold value is measured may be displayed in a diamond shape. At this time, it must be decided that the device that exceeds the threshold will be marked with diamonds before the video starts. This may mean that the calculation and judgment related to the threshold will be calculated and passed over in the preprocessing stage.

As described above, the judgment related to the threshold value is pre-processed and passed over, and may be irrelevant to the change with the passage of time in the image. Therefore, if the value to be monitored in real time is separately set and the change in the value is expressed in the shape and color of figures and figures, it is possible to visually analyze the change and characteristics of the state of the power system over time.

Since the methods used for real-time monitoring are methods that can always be expressed regardless of the sign or size of the value, there is no limit to the types of values that can be monitored, and most values collected from the measuring device can be set. For example, it may be active power, reactive power, voltage, voltage unbalance factor, current, current unbalance factor, power factor, harmonics, and the like.

This monitored value is expressed in real time as a labeling value of the device, and may affect the size of text font, shape of figure, color of figure, etc.

The image expression rules implemented on the screen unit 100 of the present invention are as follows.

[Basic Rules]

The start of the power grid tree may place the power supply point in the center of the screen. This may be a switch or a transformer or the like.

A node may need to separately distinguish a measurement target device from a power measurement device according to a device with a power measuring device, strictly speaking, an installed structure and location, but in the present invention, one virtualized concept through an abstraction process can be expressed together as

Each node can be arranged radially so that it does not overlap as much as possible, and the higher the power system device (receiver stage receiving and distributing power), the more it is placed in the center of the screen, and the lower stage of the power system (receiving power from the upper stage) The more devices you use), the farther it may be from the center.

If the screen is enlarged, even if the nodes partially overlap due to the limitation of the screen size, they can be distinguished.

In the image, the connection relationship of each node may be expressed by a connection line including an arrow, and the direction of the arrow may be a direction from an upper device to a lower device in the system.

[Type of node]

[Diamond Node]

The analysis target device 10 expressed in a diamond shape is a device that crosses critical points such as voltage, unbalance factor, harmonic wave, and power factor, and the type and reference value of a reference value may be set in advance.

A node, which is a first figure made of a diamond figure, is a device in which a value smaller or larger than a threshold point appears one or more times during the analysis period. It can be set to 5%. That is, devices lower than 209V or higher than 231V can be represented by diamonds.

A device in which a case less than the lower threshold value occurs may have a red outline, and a device in which a case greater than the upper threshold value occurs may have a blue outline.

If both cases occur, it can be expressed as two lines using both red and blue lines.

The size of the diamond shape can be implemented differently depending on how far the average value of the device is from the reference value.

When the average value and the reference value are the same, the basic size (1x) is formed. If it exceeds the range, it can be formed by fixing it to double the size.

Because the default size exists, empty nodes may not occur in the case of diamond nodes.

The figure representing the diamond node is basically formed in yellow, and when the average value exceeds the range of the threshold value, it can be formed in a darker brown color depending on how far the value deviates.

In this way, the upper limit of the size is set to limit the continuous increase, and the size beyond that is implemented in different colors to prevent one node from occupying too much space on the screen.

[Rectangular and Circular Nodes]

[Rectangle node]

In the case of the capacitor 300, it can be expressed as a second figure made of a rectangular figure and separately distinguished.

[Circular Node]

All devices 400 to which power measuring devices other than diamond nodes and quadrangular nodes are attached may be formed in a third shape, which is a circular shape.

[Shape size]

The devices corresponding to the square node and the circular node can be expressed in proportion to the size of the real-time monitoring value. However, it can be limited so that it does not become larger than a certain value. However, the minimum size may not exist.

[empty node]

Since there is no minimum size, when the size of the value is 0, the figure is not displayed and appears as an empty node (because the radius becomes 0).

An empty node may correspond to a case in which a value is not measured due to an error, etc., rather than an actual value. In order to visually emphasize this state, it was intentionally made to be expressed in an empty way. Although it is expressed as an empty node, it is actually either a rectangle or a circle type, so the endpoint of the connecting line can be an empty node.

[Shape color]

If the value is positive, it is formed in a yellow green color, and if the value expressed is reactive power, it may be a motor, an inductive load, or the like.

If the value is negative, it can be formed in orange, and if the value to be expressed is reactive power, it can be a capacitor or capacitive load. can be formed from green to orange to red.

In this way, the upper limit of the size is set to limit the continuous increase, and the size beyond that is expressed differently in color to prevent one node from occupying too much space on the screen.

[Embellishment node without data]

Previously, it was defined that a node is a device with a power measuring device, which does not separate the device and power measuring device to be measured, but expresses it as a single virtualized concept. . In this case, you can use the embellishment node. Decorating nodes are displayed for the purpose of making the tree easier to understand, and may be independent of data.

For example, the following nodes can be expressed as decorative nodes with symbols.

, 차단기는

, 발전기는

the transformer

, the breaker is

, the generator

[label]

[Display of label]

Nodes that can measure data (ie, excluding decorative nodes) can display <device name> and <real-time monitoring value> as labels for each node.

However, if the value is not obtained, it can be processed as follows.

In the case of a diamond node, a diamond figure of one multiple size is drawn, and only <device name> can be expressed as a label at the bottom.

In the case of the second and third figures of a rectangle and a circle, they will appear as empty nodes, and labels may be omitted and not displayed. As it is expressed as an empty space that does not express anything, it can appear more emphasized.

[Size of font]

If the real-time monitoring value is of the same type as the value set as the threshold value, when the real-time monitoring value deviates from the threshold value, it can be emphasized by expressing it larger than the normal size.

[Playback of video according to time]

Since information of the power system is usually collected according to a specific period, if data collected at the same time point is reflected on the screen according to the preceding expression rules, an abstracted schematic diagram corresponding to a snapshot at the time point can be expressed. Also, by showing these snapshots step by step over time, a video can be made of the main characteristics and changes of the lineage.

The video created in this way has the characteristic of being able to analyze both the threshold-based data and the data that can be analyzed in real time, and since it is shown over time, it is possible to discover when a specific problem occurs, or It is also good for understanding the causal relationship between devices.

Also, because it spreads radially with directionality, a 'group group' is usually formed at the end of which several devices are gathered. have.

For example, referring to FIG. 2 , it can be seen that a group is formed at the end.

According to the analysis method of the present invention, while applying various setting values in real time, and while zooming/reducing/moving each part of the systematically arranged visually so that the main characteristic values can be recognized at a glance, time is also analyzed by moving back and forth. Therefore, there can be numerous analysis methods depending on which data at which location in the tree is analyzed with which set value at any point in time.

Among them, the most representative interpretable objects and their methods are as follows.

[Whether the measuring equipment is operating normally]

Since each node in the schematic is generally the location of the equipment including the measuring device, when an empty node appears, it is necessary to check whether the measuring device is operating normally and the communication status.

At this time, in the case of an empty node where the value does not appear continuously, there is a high possibility that the measurement device itself is defective, and if the value appears and disappears while flickering, there is a high possibility that the communication state is bad.

[Identification of voltage stability by device and surplus voltage operation range]

When the threshold is set as a voltage, if there is a device that appears as a diamond node, the device deviates from the threshold, so it can be assumed that the voltage stability is poor. Of course, not all cases outside the threshold can be considered a problem.

This is because, for example, the voltage may momentarily drop as the motor starts running right after the factory is started. These cases can be easily excluded because the video allows us to understand the data over time, and the text grows only when it exceeds the threshold.

If the diamond node has both blue and red outlines, the device is a device that moves from a low voltage band to an overvoltage band, and the voltage stability is very poor, and there is a high possibility that detailed inspection is required.

Conversely, in the case of a rectangular node or a circular node that is not displayed in a diamond shape, it can be considered that the voltage is stable.

Instead, if there are no diamond nodes or even if there are, only blue diamond nodes exist, the possibility of lowering the voltage can be considered. This is because, according to the CVR theory, power can be saved when the device is operated at low voltage.

[Whether the capacitor is operating normally]

In the case of a capacitor, since it is generally used to compensate for reactive power, when reactive power reoccurs or gradually increases in the group group connected to the capacitor, it can be questioned whether the capacitor operates normally.

It can be suspected that the reactive power value of the capacitor itself is not measured, but in this case, it is usually a communication problem or the function of the capacitor is highly likely to be off.

[Possibility of improving power factor through capacitor installation]

It is possible to improve the power factor by installing a capacitor near a group of groups where reactive power is high. At this time, it is more efficient than analyzing through snapshot data at a specific point in time because it is possible to analyze while watching the change in values over several hours with an image (movie).

It is possible to respond in consideration of various situations.

As shown in FIG. 2 , if a capacitor is installed on the group side of the NB-U-201 device at the bottom of the image, there is a possibility of improving the power factor.

[Whether additional transformer installation and transformer tap adjustment control required]

For the military group in which the overall voltage is falling or rising, it may be possible to consider whether additional transformers or capacitors are installed in the relevant part.

In particular, in the case where the voltage rises and falls frequently over time for the entire system or a specific group, a stable voltage supply range can be secured through the introduction of a transformer tap adjustment device.

1 to 3 , various analysis target devices 10 of the power system are displayed on the screen unit 100 through changes in font size, shape of figure, color of figure, and figure size, which are factors as variables. can

In an embodiment of the present invention, the analysis target device 10 may be a motor, a capacitor, a meter, a transformer tap, or the like.

In the state of the screen unit 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 , changes in factors may occur as time elapses.

The diamond figure in FIG. 1 may represent the device 200 in which a value smaller than or larger than the threshold point appears one or more times during the analysis period.

Power factor is the ratio between active power and apparent power in AC circuit. In DC circuit, the product of voltage and current becomes power, but in AC circuit, the product of current and effective value of voltage is not necessarily power. does not In an AC circuit, the product of voltage and current is called apparent power, and it is only when it is multiplied by a power factor that it becomes power.

This is because the voltage or current of an AC circuit fluctuates in a sinusoidal (sinusoidal) shape, so that the phases of the two sinusoids do not necessarily coincide. If the difference in phase angle is denoted by ?, the voltage is V, and the current is I, the active power becomes VI·cosϕ. Since the apparent power is VI, the power factor is VI·cosφ/VI = cosφ divided by the active power by the apparent power, and can usually be expressed as a percentage. If φ=0, cos φ=1, and the power is maximum. That is, the power factor has a maximum of 1 and a minimum of 0.

In the case of converting electrical energy into thermal energy, such as electric heaters or incandescent light bulbs, the power factor is 1, but it has an iron core like an electric motor or a transformer, and generates magnetic flux by a part of the current flowing from the AC power to the iron core to generate energy. The power factor is lowered in the case of operation by storing it statically and in the case of storing energy electrostatically like a capacitor. A low power factor can also be said to be a bad power factor.

3 is a block diagram illustrating an analysis apparatus for implementing the analysis method of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3 , the analysis apparatus according to the present invention is a detection and grasping unit including various sensors provided in the analysis target device 10 . The operation state is identified through (20), and the control unit (30) receives the information data of the analysis target device (10) obtained through the detection and grasping unit (20) and visually through the image through the screen unit (100). In this way, the operating state can be implemented through various parameters.

10... the device to be analyzed 20... the detection and grasping unit
30... control unit 100... screen unit
200... device 300... capacitor
400... Any instrument with an attached power measuring device

Claims (13)

It is an analysis method to understand the state of the device to be analyzed under the actual power system operation,
The analysis method is
On the screen unit, the analysis target device is implemented as a node formed by dividing the device into a factor consisting of at least one of a shape of a figure, a size of a figure, a color of a figure, and a size of a font,
By visually showing the change of the factor over time, the characteristics of the device to be analyzed in the power system are identified,
The analysis target device includes a capacitor,
A visual abstraction analysis method of a power system to determine whether power factor improvement is possible through the installation of the capacitor through the change of the factor.
The method of claim 1,
The analysis target device further includes at least one of a motor and a meter,
A visual abstraction analysis method of a power system to determine whether the motor, meter, or capacitor is operating normally through the change of the factor.
The method of claim 1,
A visual abstraction analysis method of a power system to determine voltage stability or surplus voltage operating range for each device to be analyzed through the change of the factor.
delete It is an analysis method to understand the state of the device to be analyzed under the actual power system operation,
The analysis method is
On the screen unit, the analysis target device is implemented as a node formed by dividing the device into a factor consisting of at least one of a shape of a figure, a size of a figure, a color of a figure, and a size of a font,
By visually showing the change of the factor over time, the characteristics of the device to be analyzed in the power system are identified,
The analysis target device includes a transformer tap,
A visual abstraction analysis method of a power system for determining whether to adjust the transformer tap or additionally install a transformer in order to improve the efficiency of the power system through the change of the factor.
The method of claim 1,
The node is a device equipped with a power measuring device,
Each node is formed to be radially arranged so as not to overlap,
The higher the device in the power system, the more it is placed in the center.
A visual abstraction analysis method of the power system in which the devices in the lower stage of the power system are placed farther from the center.
The method of claim 1,
An arrow indicating the connection relationship of each node is formed in the node,
The direction of the arrow is a visual abstraction analysis method of the power system formed in a direction from the upper device to the lower device of the power system.
The method of claim 1,
The node is a device equipped with a power measuring device,
The device in which a value less than or greater than a threshold point appears at least once during the analysis period of the analysis target device is formed in a first shape,
The visual abstraction analysis method of the power system in which the device is formed by changing the color of the outline of the first figure when it is smaller than a lower threshold or greater than an upper threshold.
It is an analysis method that grasps the state of the device to be analyzed under the operation of the actual power system,
The analysis method is
On the screen unit, the analysis target device is implemented as a node that is formed by dividing the device into a factor consisting of at least one of the shape of the figure, the size of the figure, the color of the figure, and the size of the font,
By visually showing the change of the factor over time, the characteristics of the device to be analyzed in the power system are identified,
The node is a device equipped with a power measuring device,
A device in which a value less than or greater than the threshold point appears at least once during the analysis period of the analysis target device is formed in a first shape,
The device is formed by changing the color of the outline of the first figure when it is smaller than the lower threshold or greater than the upper threshold,
A visual abstraction analysis method of a power system in which the outline of the first figure is formed in two lines with different colors when both the case where it is smaller than the lower threshold value and the case where the case is larger than the upper threshold value of the device occurs.
The method of claim 1,
A visual abstraction analysis method of a power system that sets a criterion to at least one of voltage, voltage unbalance factor, current, current unbalance factor, power factor, and harmonic when setting a critical point when analyzing the analysis target device.
The method of claim 1,
The value to be monitored in real time is at least one of active power, reactive power, voltage, voltage unbalance factor, current, current unbalance factor, power factor, and harmonic. Visual abstraction analysis method of the power system.
11. The method of claim 10,
When setting the threshold,
The voltage is set to 5% of the upper and lower levels,
Voltage unbalance factor, current unbalance factor, and harmonic are set to 10%, and 0 to 10% is considered as a normal range, and if it exceeds 10%, it is treated as exceeding the threshold.
The power factor is a visual abstraction analysis method of the power system in which the threshold is set to 10%, and 90 to 100% is considered as a normal range, and if it is less than 90%, the threshold is exceeded.
The method of claim 1,
If the size of the font among the factors is the same as the value set as the threshold value for the real-time monitoring value,
A visual abstraction analysis method of the power system that forms larger from the size of the font when the real-time monitoring value does not deviate from the threshold.

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