KR102181098B1 - System and method for distributed database using block chain - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a block chain system in which a plurality of unit nodes are connected to at least one of a wired and wireless communication network, and the integrity of data in the unit node is mutually authenticated between the plurality of nodes, and at least One user terminal is connected, and the unit node is directly or indirectly connected to at least one of the wired and wireless communication networks, and an individual block including a business ledger created by the user terminal is linked in a chain form, based on a block chain. A unique public key and a private key are generated and provided, and the plurality of unit nodes each have a unique public key list, and their private key is provided for a node corresponding to a specific public key selected from the unique public key list. It is a blockchain system that synchronizes data by transmitting the combined data to the other unit node.

Description

Distributed database system and method using blockchain {SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTED DATABASE USING BLOCK CHAIN}

The present invention relates to a distributed database system and method, and more specifically, to a system structure and method for performing a distributed database and backup system using a block chain technology.

Block chain, also called public transaction ledger, is a technology that prevents hacking that can occur when trading with virtual currency. In the case of existing financial companies, transaction records are kept on a centralized server, whereas blockchain sends transaction details to all users participating in transactions, and uses a method to prevent data forgery by collating them with each transaction. Blockchain is applied to Bitcoin, a representative online virtual currency. Bitcoin transparently records transaction details in a ledger that anyone can read, and several computers using Bitcoin verify this record every 10 minutes to prevent hacking.

Bitcoin is designed to operate in a completely decentralized form in a P2P (pear to pear) method without a server controlling the system. In addition, it allows anyone to use the system without having an institution that separately registers users who can use currency. Since there is no server to register, each user uses the public key as a kind of one-time account number. For example, if user A signs a specific message with a private key that only he knows, a third party uses the public key to determine whether the signature was signed with a private key corresponding to this public key (in other words, what user A wrote is Yes) can be authenticated.

Recently, as interest in blockchain security technology has increased, blockchain technology has been applied to various fields such as financial transactions, medical data management, and file management as well as virtual currency.

The blockchain method has the advantage of excellent security because it is virtually impossible to arbitrarily modify the contents of the block chain possessed by all nodes in order for malicious nodes to arbitrarily modify the contents because all nodes share the same information.

However, since the block chain method shares all data in the user terminal, if more than 50% of users collide and manipulate it, a problem of recognizing the manipulated data in all user terminals may occur.

Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1763827 Blockchain-based medical data transmission system, method and program (Life Semantics, Inc.) 2017.07.26

The present invention is to securely utilize the database while preventing excessive traffic by forming a distributed database using a block chain system.

In a block chain system in which a plurality of unit nodes are connected to at least one of a wired and wireless communication network to achieve the above object, and the integrity of data in the unit node is mutually authenticated among the plurality of nodes, The plurality of unit nodes are connected to a central database, and the unit nodes are directly or indirectly connected to at least one of the wired and wireless communication networks to transmit updated data to other unit nodes and the central database in consideration of network conditions. Data can be synchronized.

According to an embodiment, the unit node may synchronize by transmitting only a block header among the updated data to the other unit node, and back up the entire data to the central database for synchronization.

According to an embodiment, the data includes an expiration time limit, and the unit node may delete data whose expiration time limit has reached.

According to an embodiment, the unit node requests the necessary data from a unit node that owns the original when necessary data is generated, and when the unit node that owns the original is disabled, the central database You can request the necessary data above.

According to an embodiment, the unit node may selectively perform a synchronization process for only necessary data.

According to an embodiment, the unit node may perform a synchronization process by selecting an adjacent block including a previous block and a next block.

According to an embodiment, the database may determine validity of data when transmitting and receiving the plurality of nodes and blocks.

The block chain operation method performed by a unit node connected to at least one central database includes: updating data from a user terminal, undergoing an approval procedure from another unit node, and synchronizing simple data including block headers with other unit nodes. And backing up the updated ledger to the central database in consideration of the step and network conditions.

According to the present invention, since all data is backed up in a central database and unit nodes store only simple data headers, storage space of the unit node can be saved.

According to the present invention, since not all unit nodes and all data are synchronized, network traffic and computational amount can be significantly reduced.

According to the present invention, data can be safely distributed through a central database.

1 is a diagram showing the concept of a distributed database system using a block chain to which the present invention is applied.
2 is a diagram for explaining selective synchronization in a distributed database system using a block chain according to the present invention.
3 is a diagram for explaining simple data including a block header in a distributed database system using a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a flowchart illustrating a distributed database method using a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, specific contents for carrying out the present invention will be described based on embodiments with reference to the drawings. These embodiments are described in detail sufficient to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the present invention. It should be understood that the various embodiments of the present invention are different from each other, but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, specific shapes, structures, and characteristics described herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention in relation to one embodiment. In addition, it is to be understood that the location or arrangement of individual components in each disclosed embodiment may be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the detailed description to be described below is not intended to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims, along with all scopes equivalent to those claimed by the claims, if appropriately described. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same or similar functions over several aspects.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the present specification may be used with meanings that can be commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. In addition, terms defined in a commonly used dictionary are not interpreted ideally or excessively unless explicitly defined specifically.

In the present invention, rather than forming a block chain between user terminals, network devices form a block chain as a block chain controller, and effectively reduce the energy consumption of user terminals by performing tasks to be performed on the user terminal through the block chain controller. Disclosing a supply chain network system and method using a block chain that can be reduced.

Since the development of the blockchain, all transactions that have occurred in the world of the blockchain are recorded in each node, and all nodes are synchronized with the same data (transaction book). Therefore, when a new block is added, communication network traffic and computation amount are generated as much as the number of connected nodes, resulting in a waste of network. In addition, the nodes need to store all updated data (transaction book), which wastes excessive storage space.

In the present invention, a plurality of block chain controllers form a block chain network, and a user terminal can secure more enhanced security by authenticating using a block chain controller. In the present invention, instead of forming a block chain between user terminals as in the prior art, network equipment is configured as a block chain, and this is referred to as a block chain controller.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in order to enable those skilled in the art to easily implement the present invention.

1 is a diagram showing the concept of a distributed database system using a block chain to which the present invention is applied.

1, a distributed database system using a block chain includes a central database 110, a unit node 121, 122, 123 connected to the central database 110 to form a block chain network, and the unit node ( 121, 122, 123) connected to the user terminal (131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139) may be included.

As shown, the plurality of unit nodes 121, 122, and 123 may be interconnected with at least one of the Internet including a block chain network, a mobile communication network, and a low power wide area network (LPWAN).

The total number of unit nodes (hereinafter, “nodes” or “unit nodes” are used together) is shown as a fixed number for convenience of description, but the number is innumerable and not particularly limited.

Each unit node (121, 122, 123) differs in the size and connection method of each component involved, but basically includes a block chain and provides a unique public key and a private key for the connected node based on the existing block chain. It can be created and provided.

More specifically, in the present invention, a plurality of unit nodes 121, 122, 123 are connected to at least one of a wired and wireless communication network, and the integrity of data in the unit nodes 121, 122, 123 As a block chain system that checks mutual authentication between unit nodes 121, 122, 123, the unit nodes 121, 122, 123 are directly or indirectly connected to at least one of wired and wireless communication networks to include a business ledger It is possible to create and provide unique public and private keys based on a block chain that links individual blocks in a chain form.

According to an embodiment, the unit nodes 121, 122, and 123 may operate as a block chain controller. Here, the blockchain controller means that the network end acts as a controller by being connected to the blockchain. Conventional blockchain systems are vulnerable to attacks because they do not have a controller or central control system, but if the concept of a blockchain controller is adopted and the network equipment acts as a controller, users can easily access the blockchain controller through the user terminal. And because the controller directly processes the approval or decision algorithm, it increases security and can keep data stably.

In addition, the conventional blockchain has all replicas in the user terminal, so there is a lot of redundant data, but under the concept of a blockchain controller, the controller has all the data, and the user may not have information about the blockchain. have. At this time, the controllers have a P2P connection, so they can synchronize with each other and provide blockchain services.

According to an embodiment, in a distributed database system using a block chain, real-time communication between block chain controllers may be possible. In other words, each blockchain controller has information on the user terminal connected to it, and knows other blockchain controllers that make up the blockchain network, so mutual authentication is also possible. For example, when starting communication with each other, the user terminal and the blockchain controller exchange a hash value with each other, so that the blockchain controller can review the validity of the user terminal through the hash value.

According to an embodiment, in a distributed database system using a block chain, the unit nodes 121, 122, 123 may be connected to the central database 110, respectively. Like a general blockchain network, the unit nodes 121, 122, and 123 can synchronize transactions with each other, and in consideration of network conditions, the original data can be backed up in the central database 110 when the network is smooth.

In a blockchain network, real-time synchronization of all unit nodes is required to record valid transactions. At this time, in order for all unit nodes to have the same block, a communication amount equal to the number of unit nodes is required.

According to an embodiment, the unit node 121 may be directly or indirectly connected to at least one of a wired and wireless communication network to synchronize data by transmitting updated data to another unit node and the central database in consideration of network conditions. . For example, the unit node 121 checks the network state and attempts general synchronization in a stable network state, and if the network state is not stable, only sends a hash value to another unit node in advance, and when data is needed later, Only that data can be selectively synchronized.

According to an embodiment, when there is a problem with the network, the unit node 121 may synchronize data only when there is a user's request. Through such lazy synchronization, it is possible to put less load on the network, and if data is damaged by an attack or an administrator's mistake, data is requested from other unit nodes (122, 123) to perform backup. I can receive it.

According to an embodiment, the unit nodes 121, 122, and 123 exchange only simple data including a block header with each other, and store all data in the central database 110 to save communication traffic and storage space.

According to an embodiment, the user terminal 121 may upload a new transaction to the unit node 121. In this case, the unit node 121 may perform synchronization with other unit nodes 122 and 123 forming a block chain network. According to an embodiment, synchronization between unit nodes 121, 122, 123 may be simple data including only a block header. According to an embodiment, the unit node 121 may synchronize by transmitting only a block header among the updated data to the unit nodes 122 and 123, and back up the entire data to the central database 110 to synchronize.

According to an embodiment, the unit node 121 may request the addition of a new block. At this time, when approval by the unit nodes 122 and 123, the unit node 121 may synchronize actual data only with the central database 110. Thereafter, the central database 110 may synchronize data to the unit nodes 122 and 123 according to the network situation.

According to an embodiment, when a network path is congested, a synchronization process may be selectively performed on only necessary data. A detailed description of selective synchronization will be given in FIG. 2.

The distributed database system using a block chain according to an embodiment may further include user terminals 110, 111, 112, etc. connected to the unit nodes 121, 122, 123.

The user terminal according to various embodiments of the present invention includes, for example, a smartphone, a tablet personal computer, a mobile phone, a video phone, an e-book reader, and a desktop. PC (desktop personal computer), laptop PC (laptop personal computer), netbook computer, workstation, server, PDA (personal digital assistant), PMP (portable multimedia player), MP3 player, mobile medical device , Camera, or wearable device (e.g. smart glasses, head-mounted-device (HMD)), electronic clothing, electronic bracelet, electronic necklace, electronic appcessory, It may include at least one of an electronic tattoo, a smart mirror, or a smart watch.

According to an embodiment, data stored in the unit nodes 121, 122, and 123 may include an expiration time limit. In this case, the unit nodes 121, 122, and 123 may delete data whose expiration time limit has reached. Accordingly, when the corresponding data is required again after the expiration time period, the unit nodes 121, 122, and 123 may synchronize the corresponding data again through the central database 110.

Here, each of the unit nodes 121, 122, 123 may be updated with a new expiration time limit whenever the unit nodes 121, 122, 123 access.

According to an embodiment, when necessary data is generated, the unit node 121 requests necessary data from the unit node 122 that owns the original, and the unit node 122 that owns the original is in a disabled state. In this case, it is possible to request necessary data from the central database 110. That is, when the unit node that produced the necessary data is the unit node 122, the unit node 121 may request the unit node 122 to synchronize data. At this time, when the unit node 122 is offline or in other work, it may request necessary data from the central database 110. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent excessive traffic from being concentrated in the central database 110.

According to an embodiment, when the distributed database system is used to maintain contracts, when contract data is hacked by the unit node 121 for malicious purposes, a copy of the contract is automatically generated from the unit node 122 or the unit node 123. You can get it. That is, when restoring a damaged contract, data may be received from other unit nodes 122 and 123 and may be restored.

According to an embodiment, when the unit node 121 transmits a hash value that it has to the unit nodes 122 and 123, the unit node 122 and 123 may check whether the hash value is normal or not. In this case, the unit nodes 122 and 123 may approve or reject the unit node 121. That is, the unit node 121 may transmit a request packet to the unit nodes 122 and 123, and the unit nodes 122 and 123 may transmit a response packet to the unit node 121. When the data is damaged or the data is forged, the backup data may be received and restored through the unit nodes 122 and 123 or the central database 110.

According to an embodiment, the user terminal 131 may determine a unit node to be connected according to a network situation. Since the user terminal 131 is the closest, if the selected unit node 121 is in an unusable state, another unit node 122 may be selected. The unit nodes 121, 122, and 123 may inform user terminals of their state/location through a discovery protocol.

According to an embodiment, the central database 110 may determine the validity of data when transmitting and receiving a plurality of unit nodes 121, 122, 123 and blocks. In this way, by verifying whether the data is valid or not, the central database 110 can prevent hacking attacks on the central database.

2 is a diagram for explaining selective synchronization in a distributed database system using a block chain according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, an example of a block chain in a block chain system can be seen. The block chain may include a block 210, a block 220, a block 230, a block 240, and a block 250.

According to an embodiment, the unit node may perform a synchronization process by selecting only the block 230 that is necessary data. In other words, instead of requesting all data of the block chain from other unit nodes, it is possible to selectively request only the necessary blocks.

According to another embodiment, the unit node may perform a synchronization process by selecting an adjacent block 200 including the previous block 220 and the next block 240 of the target block 230. At this time, when the previous block 220 or the next block 230 is already synchronized, synchronization of the adjacent block may be omitted.

3 is a diagram for explaining simple data including a block header in a distributed database system using a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, a block 320 may include a block header 312 including Merkle Root, Prev Hash, and Nonce, and a Merkle Tree including all data of the corresponding block. In this case, the unit node may synchronize by transmitting simple data including a block header among the updated data to another unit node, and back up the entire data to the central database for synchronization.

That is, the first node does not hold all the data generated in the second node, but only the block header excluding the Merkle Tree, and the central database may hold all data including the Merkle Tree.

According to an embodiment, even when a unit node is hacked or data is damaged or lost due to an administrator's mistake, only the block headers excluding the Merkle Tree can be synchronized by using a lazy synchronization method. have. If all data is synchronized for the entire blockchain, it may affect the entire network or cause excessive load on the central database.

Although not clearly illustrated, the devices illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 may further include components not illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 or may not include some components illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3. In addition, unlike shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, some components may be separated into a plurality of detailed components, or a plurality of components may be combined into one component and provided.

Although not clearly illustrated, different from those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, each device may be separated and provided into a plurality of servers that are physically, spatially or functionally divided. In this case, each server may or may not include some components illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3.

Meanwhile, each component of the device is separately indicated in the drawings to indicate that they can be separated functionally and logically, and does not mean that they are physically separate components or implemented as separate codes.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a distributed database method using a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4, a block chain system performed by the first node 410, the second node 420 and the central database 430 can be confirmed.

In step S411, according to an embodiment, the first node 410 may update block data of the block chain. In this case, the block data may be a transaction including a transaction book. Here, the data may be updated data received from the user terminal.

In step S412, according to an embodiment, the first node 410 requests an approval procedure from the second node 420 in the same blockchain network, and the second node 420 is the first node 410 ) Can be validated and approved.

In step S413, according to an embodiment, the second node 420 may synchronize block header data of the data updated in the first node 410. That is, the first node 410 may synchronize simple data including the block header with the second node 420.

In step S414, according to an embodiment, the central database 430 may back up and synchronize all data of data updated in the first node 410. In this case, the first node 410 may back up the entire data of the updated data to the central database 430 in consideration of network conditions and synchronize them.

In step S415, according to an embodiment, when the second node 420 needs the updated data, it may directly request the first node 410, which is the node that originally generated the data, to transmit the data. .

In step S416, according to an embodiment, if the second node 420 needs the updated data, but the first node 410, which is the node that originally generated the data, is in a disabled state, the central database ( 430) may be requested to transmit the backed up data.

Meanwhile, the method according to an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded in a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the medium may be specially designed and configured for the present invention, or may be known and usable to those skilled in computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magnetic media such as floptical disks. -A hardware device specially configured to store and execute program instructions such as magneto-optical media, and ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of the program instructions include not only machine language codes such as those produced by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like. The above-described hardware device may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operation of the present invention, and vice versa.

In the above, the system, apparatus, and method according to an embodiment of the present invention have been described in detail. In the above-described embodiment of the present invention, a user terminal has been described as an example, but the same can be applied to any electronic device. Hereinafter, implementation examples of various electronic devices that can be modified including user terminals according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The present invention has been described above with the purpose of method steps representing the performance of specific functions and their relationships. The boundaries and order of these functional components and method steps have been arbitrarily defined herein for convenience of description. Alternative boundaries and orders may be defined as long as the specific functions and relationships are properly performed. Any such alternative boundaries and sequences are therefore within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. In addition, the boundaries of these functional components have been arbitrarily defined for convenience of description. Alternative boundaries can be defined as long as certain important functions are performed properly. Likewise, flowchart blocks may also have been arbitrarily defined herein to indicate any significant functionality. For extended use, the flow diagram block boundaries and order may have been defined and still perform some important function. Alternative definitions of both functional elements and flowchart blocks and sequences are therefore within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention.

The present invention may also have been described, at least in part, in terms of one or more embodiments. Embodiments of the invention are used herein to represent the invention, its aspects, its features, its concepts, and/or examples thereof. A physical embodiment of an apparatus, article of manufacture, machine, and/or process embodying the present invention refers to one or more aspects, features, concepts, examples, etc. described with reference to one or more embodiments described herein. Can include. Moreover, in the entire drawing, embodiments may incorporate the same or similarly named functions, steps, modules, etc., which may use the same or different reference numerals, and as such, the functions, Steps, modules, etc. may be the same or similar functions, steps, modules, etc. or others.

As described above, in the present invention, specific matters such as specific components, etc., and limited embodiments and drawings have been described, but these are provided only to help a more general understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. , If a person of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs, various modifications and variations are possible from these descriptions.

Therefore, the spirit of the present invention is limited to the described embodiments and should not be defined, and all things that are equivalent or equivalent to the claims as well as the claims to be described later fall within the scope of the spirit of the present invention. .

110: central database
121, 122, 123: unit node
131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139: User terminal

Claims (8)

In a block chain system in which a plurality of unit nodes are connected to at least one of a wired and wireless communication network, and the integrity of data in the unit node is mutually authenticated between the plurality of nodes,
The plurality of unit nodes are connected to a central database,
The unit node,
Synchronizing the updated data by directly or indirectly connected to at least one of the wired and wireless communication networks and transmitting updated data to another unit node and the central database in a stable network situation
Blockchain system. The method of claim 1,
The unit node,
Of the updated data, only a block header is transmitted to the other unit node to synchronize,
Synchronize by backing up the entire data to the central database
Blockchain system. The method of claim 1,
The data includes an expiration date,
The unit node deletes data whose expiration time has reached
Blockchain system. The method of claim 1,
The unit node,
When necessary data is generated, requesting the necessary data from a unit node that owns the original, and requesting the necessary data from the central database when the unit node that owns the original is disabled.
Blockchain system. delete In a block chain system in which a plurality of unit nodes are connected to at least one of a wired and wireless communication network, and the integrity of data in the unit node is mutually authenticated between the plurality of nodes,
The plurality of unit nodes are connected to a central database,
The unit node,
Directly or indirectly connected to at least one of the wired and wireless communication networks, and selectively synchronizing the updated data by selecting only necessary data among updated data in an unstable network situation and transmitting it to another unit node and the central database,
The unit node,
To perform the data synchronization process by selecting an adjacent block including a previous block and a next block of a target block from among a plurality of blocks included in the block chain system. The method of claim 1 or 6,
The central database,
To determine the validity of data when transmitting and receiving the plurality of nodes and blocks
Blockchain system. In the block chain operation method performed by a unit node connected to at least one central database,
Updating data from the user terminal;
Taking an approval procedure from another unit node;
Synchronizing simple data including a block header with another unit node; And
Backing up the updated data to the central database in a stable network condition, and selectively synchronizing only necessary data among the updated data to the central database in an unstable network condition;
Blockchain operation method that includes.

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