KR101571806B1 - Self-operating Optimal Control Method for Air Conditioning System - Google Patents

Self-operating Optimal Control Method for Air Conditioning System Download PDF

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KR101571806B1
KR101571806B1 KR1020150133426A KR20150133426A KR101571806B1 KR 101571806 B1 KR101571806 B1 KR 101571806B1 KR 1020150133426 A KR1020150133426 A KR 1020150133426A KR 20150133426 A KR20150133426 A KR 20150133426A KR 101571806 B1 KR101571806 B1 KR 101571806B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
cooling
side system
heating
load
supply
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KR1020150133426A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
유성연
김태호
윤홍익
한규현
Original Assignee
(주)가교테크
충남대학교산학협력단
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Priority to PCT/KR2016/009211 priority patent/WO2017052079A1/en

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    • F24F11/0009—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0012—
    • F24F11/006—
    • F24F11/0086—
    • F24F2011/0013—
    • F24F2011/0046—
    • F24F2011/0075—

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for operating an air conditioning system comprising a demand-side system and a supply-side system. The method according to the present invention is configured to: individually predict the air condition and cooling and heating loads for each zone of a building in advance; determine the required quantity of heat and the operation schedule of equipment of the demand-side system for each zone; predict the cooling and heating loads and the quantity of heat supply of the entire building by summing up the cooling and heating loads or the required quantity of heat for each zone; and determine the quantity of heat supply and the operation schedule of the supply-side system. The determined operation schedules of the demand-side system and the supply-side system are individually set by a control unit automatically without the help of an operator and then operated.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air-

The present invention relates to an optimal control method for an air conditioning system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for predicting a heating / cooling load of a building in advance and estimating a heating / The present invention relates to an unmanned optimum control method for an air conditioning system that enables an air conditioning system to operate most efficiently and economically without an experienced driver.

In order to achieve energy savings, it is necessary to develop an economical and efficient operation method for the air conditioning system. In order to achieve efficient operation of the air conditioning system, The air conditioning system needs to be precisely predicted, and various kinds of devices constituting the air conditioning system should be properly combined with the predicted cooling / heating load.

When the driver operates the air conditioning system in combination with the heating / cooling load, it operates based on the knowledge or experience of the driving manual or the driver himself or herself. However, since the driving manual has a limitation in describing all situations that can occur during the driving process In the end, it is necessary to leave it to the judgment of the driver. In this case, the driver's judgment may be wrong, or the driving power may be exhausted due to insufficient driving, or the heating / cooling load may not be satisfied.

In Korea, electricity and city gas are mainly used as the energy sources of the air conditioning system. In particular, electricity charges differ depending on the time and usage amount. In particular, electricity charges during peak hours during summer are the most expensive, If you use more than a certain amount of power during the time, you may be charged an excessive electricity bill because the base fee is calculated based on the peak time charge

Therefore, it is required to establish a strategy that can reduce the operation strategy and operation cost of a more scientific and reasonable air conditioning system, which is based on the driver's judgment based on the judgment of the driver. (Patent No. 0949044). This method predicts the cooling load of each building in advance and predicts the cooling load of each building in accordance with the predicted cooling load, So that the cooling system can be operated at the lowest cost while appropriately responding to the cooling load.

As shown in FIG. 1, an air conditioning system generally includes an AHU (Air Handling Unit), an FCU (Fan Coil Unit), and the like, which are installed for each zone and supply the cooling / Side system composed of a plurality of sets of demand-side systems and a supply-side system consisting of a refrigerator and a boiler to supply the total cooling and heating energy required by the plurality of sets of demand-side systems. In the above patent No. 0949044, But it does not provide a control method of the demand side system.

However, in order to achieve efficient and optimal operation of the entire air conditioning system, it is necessary to simultaneously control the demand side system as well as the supply side system. In the case of controlling only the supply side system as in the above patent, However, in the case where the demand side system is controlled in addition to the supply side system, the demand side system is installed separately for each zone of the building. Therefore, in order to control the demand side system, The demanded calorie of the side system and the operating characteristics of the equipment constituting the demand side system should be considered.

Furthermore, since the performance of the equipment used for both cooling and heating, such as the absorption-type cold / hot water heater and the heat pump, is different when the outdoor condition is different as in the winter season and the summer season, the cooling system control method of the above patent No. 0949044 is applied to the heating system It is also necessary to consider the performance change of the equipment according to the outside air condition.

On the other hand, as described above, in the case of using more than a certain amount of electric power during the peak time, since the electric power charge is calculated on the basis of the charge for the peak time, the driver, The power consumption during peak hours is reduced by forcibly interrupting the power supply of the indoor unit. In such a manner, when the driver judges that the power supply is turned off more than necessary, the occupant may inconvenience the occupant, There is a possibility that the equipment installed in the zone is likely to malfunction. Therefore, in the case where the power consumption during the peak time is expected to be more than a certain amount, (Scenario) Therefore, it is required to develop a control method that can automatically control the operation of the device.

KR 10-0949044 B1 KR 10-1301123 B1 KR 10-1506215 B1 KR 10-0753141 B1 JP 2000-146257 A JP 2003-120982 A JP 2008-02349937A

The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the conventional control method of the air conditioning system as described above. The present invention pre-predicts the heating and cooling load of the building based on the heating and cooling load for each zone, And an object of the present invention is to provide an unattended optimum control method of an air conditioning system that enables an air conditioning system to operate efficiently and economically without an experienced driver.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an optimum control method of an air conditioning system by predicting an outside air condition and a cooling and heating load for each zone of a building, To satisfy Each zone The demand and the operation schedule of the demand side system equipment are determined, and the heating / cooling load and the heat quantity of the whole building are estimated by summing the cooling / heating load or the required heat quantity for each zone. Based on the predicted heating / The supply calorie quantity and the operation schedule of the supply side system are determined so that the objective function of Equation (10) and the constraint conditions of Equations (11) and (12) are satisfied in consideration of the performance and the capacity of the supply side equipment, And the operation schedules of the demand side system and the supply side system determined are automatically set and operated by the control device without the assistance of the driver, respectively.

&Quot; (8) "

Figure 112015092004971-pat00001

&Quot; (9) "

Figure 112015092004971-pat00002

&Quot; (10) "

Figure 112015092004971-pat00003

&Quot; (11) "

Figure 112015092004971-pat00004

&Quot; (12) "

Figure 112015092004971-pat00005

When the apparatus is operated according to the determined operation schedule of the supply-side system and the demand-side system, the power consumption of the device is predicted in advance according to Equation (13), and when the predicted power consumption is equal to or higher than the set allowable power The power supply of the demand side system equipment is automatically shut off according to a preset scenario without operating in accordance with the operation schedule, so as to reduce the supply heat quantity of the supply side system by the required heat quantity of the demanded demand side system, And the power supply of the demand side system equipment is automatically supplied in the reverse order of the power supply cutoff order when the power usage amount falls back below the allowable power.

&Quot; (13) "

Figure 112015092004971-pat00006

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the operation schedules of the devices constituting the supply side system and the demand side system are adjusted in consideration of the pre-cooling / pre-heating time of the building, the cooling / residual heat time of the system, and the warm-up time of the equipment.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the performance of the device according to the operating conditions and the performance of the device according to the outside air conditions are updated from time to time based on the actual operation data of the device, using the standard values provided in the operation manual as initial values do.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the solar radiation load and the heat transfer load among the heating and cooling loads of each building of the building are obtained by Equations (6) and (7) by applying the building load characteristic coefficient expressed by the heat transfer characteristic coefficient and the solar thermal characteristic coefficient, respectively do.

&Quot; (6) "

Figure 112015092004971-pat00007

&Quot; (7) "

Figure 112015092004971-pat00008

In addition, in the present invention, when the heat transfer characteristic coefficient and the solar thermal characteristic coefficient are not known, the typical values of the heat transfer characteristic coefficient and the solar thermal characteristic coefficient are input when predicting the heating and cooling load for each zone of the building, Thereby predicting the cooling / heating load.

In the present invention, the actual cooling / heating load is calculated based on the feedback of the operation state of the air conditioning system to the integrated controller in real time, and the building load characteristic coefficient used for predicting the cooling / heating load is calculated based on the past actual cooling / As shown in FIG.

Further, the present invention is again calculated by applying the building load characteristic coefficient adjusted for the predicted cooling / heating load, and the operation schedule of the demand side system and the supply side system equipment are automatically corrected based on the calculated cooling / .

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the building load characteristic coefficient used for predicting the heating / cooling load is adjusted by a genetic algorithm.

In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the supply side system includes an ice storage heat system, and the operation schedule of the ice storage heat system is set before and after based on a predicted time of the lowest ambient temperature during the nighttime power time.

The present invention minimizes the operating cost of the heating and cooling system while satisfying a given cooling and heating load condition by optimally operating the combination method of the cooling and heating system and the operation schedule without any dependency on the experience and know-how of the driver and provides a comfortable cooling and heating, The power peak can be reduced and the efficient operation of the device can be achieved.

In addition, the present invention can more accurately calculate the cooling / heating load by distinguishing the heat transfer load and the solar radiation load characteristic in the window and the wall of the air-conditioning target building and reflecting the solar radiation characteristic by the orientation.

Further, the present invention predicts the cooling / heating load on the demand side system as well as the supply side system, and then simultaneously controls the supply side system and the demand side system based on the predicted cooling / heating load. In addition, The air conditioning system is operated in consideration of the operation characteristics of the air conditioner and the performance of the air conditioner in accordance with the outdoor air condition, so that a more comfortable and economical operation of the air conditioning system can be achieved.

In addition, the present invention predicts power usage in peak time in advance, and when the predicted power usage is expected to exceed the set allowable power, it operates in accordance with a planned driving scenario without depending on the driver's judgment, And the malfunction of the device can be minimized.

In addition, according to the present invention, when the operation schedule of the ice storage heat system is determined, the operation is performed during the midnight power time, which is predicted to have the lowest ambient temperature, so that the energy cost for the operation of the ice storage heat system can be minimized.

Furthermore, the present invention can reduce the inconsistency between the predicted load and the actual load by introducing the heat transfer adjustment coefficient and the solar thermal adjustment coefficient to the heat transfer coefficient and the solar thermal coefficient of the window and the wall, respectively, using the respective genetic algorithms.

1 is a block diagram showing an example of an air conditioning system including a supply side system and a demand side system.

Hereinafter, the structure and operation of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show preferred embodiments.

An object of the present invention is to provide an unattended optimum control method of an air conditioning system that enables an air conditioning system to be operated effectively and economically without an experienced driver. To achieve this object, Prediction of heating and cooling load should be preceded.

Generally, as described above, the air conditioning system includes a plurality of air handling units (AHUs), fan coils (FCU), and the like, which are installed for each zone and supply the cooling / Side demand system and a supply side system comprising a refrigerator and a boiler for supplying cooling and heating energy to cover all the cooling and heating energy supplied to the room from the plurality of demand side systems.

In the present invention, the cooling / heating load (cooling / heating load) to be supplied by the equipment constituting each cooling / heating load for each zone of the building, that is, the plurality of demand side systems is predicted and calculated first, And calculates the total cooling / heating load to be supplied by the supply side system by summing the heating / cooling loads.

When estimating and calculating the cooling / heating load for each zone in advance, the amount of solar radiation or the like changes depending on the cooling / heating load characteristic of the room constituting each zone, that is, the direction of the room. Depending on the number of people living in the room, It is necessary to calculate the heating / cooling load considering these characteristics. Accordingly, in the present invention, the cooling / heating load is calculated by the cooling / heating load prediction method of Japanese Patent No. 1506215 proposed by the applicant of the present invention, The method of calculating the heating and cooling load is briefly described below.

Since the state of the outside air has an absolute influence on the heating and cooling load when predicting and calculating the heating and cooling load for each zone of the building, the prediction of the outside air condition must precede the prediction of the outside air condition. Since many prediction methods are already known, including the time-based weather data prediction method, one of the known methods of predicting the outside-air condition is selected to predict the outside-air condition.

After the outside air condition is predicted by the above-described outside air condition predicting method, the cooling / heating load for each zone is calculated.

The heating / cooling load is generally expressed by the following equation (1)

Figure 112015092004971-pat00009
), Heat transfer load (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00010
), Ventilation load (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00011
) And internal load (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00012
). In the present invention, the ventilation load (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00013
) And internal load (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00014
) Is obtained by a conventional method, and a solar radiation load (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00015
), Heat transfer load (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00016
) Are the ventilation load
Figure 112015092004971-pat00017
) And internal load (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00018
The building load characteristic coefficient (the heat transfer characteristic coefficient and the solar thermal characteristic coefficient) according to the orientation is divided into the window and the wall, so that the following equation (2) and equation 3.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00019

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00020
The heating /
Figure 112015092004971-pat00021
Is the current thermal load,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00022
Represents a latent heat load,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00023
However,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00024
Heat load,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00025
The ventilation load,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00026
Represents the internal load.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00027

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00028
and
Figure 112015092004971-pat00029
Is the heat transfer coefficient of the window and wall,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00030
and
Figure 112015092004971-pat00031
Is the area of the window and wall, respectively,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00032
Represents the six-sided orientation surrounding the building's heating and cooling space,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00033
Represents the number of walls or windows that make up one facing surface of the building.
Figure 112015092004971-pat00034
Is the predicted outside temperature of every hour,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00035
Is the room temperature of the heating / cooling space.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00036

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00037
and
Figure 112015092004971-pat00038
Are the solar radiation characteristic coefficients of the windows and walls, respectively,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00039
Is obtained by a known method as the predicted solar radiation amount per hour for each orientation.

Since the building load characteristic coefficient can not be obtained from the load calculation as in the prior art, the present invention uses a building energy simulation program based on the energy balance method, for example, EnergyPlus,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00040
) Is expressed by Equation (4), coefficient of heat transfer coefficient of the wall
Figure 112015092004971-pat00041
) Is expressed by Equation (5), the solar radiation characteristic coefficient (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00042
) Is expressed by Equation (6), the solar radiation characteristic coefficient of the wall
Figure 112015092004971-pat00043
) Are respectively obtained by the equation (7).

Figure 112015092004971-pat00044

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00045
Is the total heat transfer coefficient of the window and can be easily calculated by knowing the type of the window,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00046
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00047
Can be obtained using a building energy simulation program,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00048
Represents the six-sided orientation surrounding the building's heating and cooling space,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00049
Represents the number of window frames constituting one bearing surface of the building.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00050

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00051
Is the total heat transfer coefficient of the wall, which is already described in a building design document or can be calculated by knowing the structure of the wall,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00052
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00053
Can also be obtained using a building energy simulation program.

Solar Charge Coefficient of Window

Figure 112015092004971-pat00054
), The energy acquisition coefficient of various kinds of window provided by EnergyPlus
Figure 112015092004971-pat00055
) And solar radiation coefficient (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00056
), And then curve fitting is performed to obtain a coefficient of solar radiation characteristic (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00057
) Is obtained by multiplying the solar radiation acquisition coefficient (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00058
), And thus the solar radiation acquisition coefficient (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00059
) Is substituted into Equation (6), the solar radiation characteristic coefficient (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00060
) Can be obtained.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00061

Here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00062
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00063
And
Figure 112015092004971-pat00064
Can be obtained by using a building energy simulation program, respectively,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00065
Is the solar shielding coefficient of the external shading device installed in the window, calculated by taking into account the geometry and orientation of the shade and is 1 when there is no shade.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00066

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00067
Is the solar absorption rate of the wall,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00068
Is the total heat transfer coefficient of the wall. These values can be calculated easily by calculation if they are already described in the building design or by knowing the structure of the wall,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00069
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00070
And exponent
Figure 112015092004971-pat00071
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00072
Can be obtained using a building energy simulation program,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00073
Is the solar radiation shielding coefficient of the external shading device installed on the wall, and is calculated in consideration of the geometry and orientation of the shade.

In the present invention, the cold-rebound load for each zone can be predicted using the building load characteristic coefficient as described above. If the building load characteristic coefficient, that is, the heat transfer characteristic coefficient and the solar characteristic coefficient can not be obtained due to the loss of design data of the building In this case, it is possible to predict the cooling / heating load of each zone by inputting the representative value of the building load characteristic coefficient and then adjusting the building load characteristic coefficient based on the actual load. To this end, Is fed back to the integrated controller in real time, and the actual cooling / heating load is calculated based on this feedback.

The building load factor used to predict the heating and cooling load is periodically adjusted based on the actual heating and cooling load.

The predicted heating / cooling load of the zone may be different from the actual load (measured load). Therefore, in the present invention, the heat transfer coefficient of the window and the wall

Figure 112015092004971-pat00074
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00075
) To the heat adjustment coefficient (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00076
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00077
), And the solar radiation characteristic coefficient (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00078
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00079
) To the solar radiation adjustment coefficient (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00080
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00081
), And then using the genetic algorithm to adjust the heat transfer adjustment coefficient of the window and wall
Figure 112015092004971-pat00082
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00083
) And solar radiation adjustment factor (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00084
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00085
), Respectively, so that the error between the predicted load and the actual load of the building can be minimized. Using the genetic algorithm,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00086
,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00087
) Is well known, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

After calculating the predicted cooling load for each zone by the above process, an operation plan for equipment constituting the demand side system installed for each zone based on the calculated estimated zone cooling load for each zone should be established. In the present invention, In order to satisfy the following equations (8) and (9) Each zone The amount of heating and cooling energy (or ratio) supplied by the equipment installed by each zone of the demand side system, that is, AHU, FCU and other equipment (EHP) And the supply side system supplies the cooling / heating energy according to the amount (ratio) of the cooling / heating energy of each system of the demand side system set in advance.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00088

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00089
Time
Figure 112015092004971-pat00090
, The predicted cooling / heating load of the demand side equipment by time,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00091
Is the minimum permissible heat quantity of the demand side system equipment which supplies cooling and heating energy to the zone,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00092
Cooling
Figure 112015092004971-pat00093
And heating
Figure 112015092004971-pat00094
Quot; index "

Figure 112015092004971-pat00095

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00096
Time
Figure 112015092004971-pat00097
Any demand-side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00098
),
Figure 112015092004971-pat00099
Demand system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00100
), ≪ / RTI >
Figure 112015092004971-pat00101
Cooling
Figure 112015092004971-pat00102
And heating
Figure 112015092004971-pat00103
. ≪ / RTI >

Next, when the cooling / heating load or the required heat amount for each zone is calculated by the above process, the cooling / heating load and the heat amount to be supplied to the whole building, which are to be supplied from the supply side system, are calculated by summing these heating /

In the meantime, as described above, in order to achieve economical operation and efficient operation of the air conditioning system, since the electric energy charge of the country is different according to the time and season, and the performance of the equipment of the public- Should be considered.

Accordingly, in the present invention, considering the operation performance and the capacity of the supply-side system equipment depending on the operation condition and the outdoor condition based on the cooling / heating load of the entire building calculated by the above process, 11 and the constraint condition of Equation (12) are all satisfied, the supply heat quantity and the operation schedule of the devices constituting the supply side system are determined.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00104

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00105
Represents the expected total energy cost of the supply side system for one day,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00106
Time
Figure 112015092004971-pat00107
The equipment constituting the supply side system in
Figure 112015092004971-pat00108
) Is the amount of heat that will be consumed,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00109
Is the energy cost of each device needed to supply the required calorie,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00110
Indicates the performance of the device according to the operating conditions,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00111
Indicates the performance of the apparatus according to the outside air condition,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00112
Cooling
Figure 112015092004971-pat00113
And heating
Figure 112015092004971-pat00114
Lt; / RTI >
Figure 112015092004971-pat00115
Is the time interval for performing energy cost calculations.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00116

here

Figure 112015092004971-pat00117
Silver Time
Figure 112015092004971-pat00118
Side system that is supplied with cold water or hot water from the supply-side system in the < RTI ID = 0.0 >

Figure 112015092004971-pat00119

here

Figure 112015092004971-pat00120
The supply side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00121
) Is the amount of heat that must be supplied during cooling or heating,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00122
The supply side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00123
), ≪ / RTI >
Figure 112015092004971-pat00124
The supply side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00125
).

In Equation (10) above,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00126
) Performance
Figure 112015092004971-pat00127
) And equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00128
) Performance
Figure 112015092004971-pat00129
), Use the standard values shown in the operation manual of the instrument as the initial values,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00130
), Which is periodically updated based on the actual operation data of the supply side system
Figure 112015092004971-pat00131
) Is input in real time to the integrated controller through a communication network, and based on this data, a program embedded in the integrated controller causes the device
Figure 112015092004971-pat00132
) Performance
Figure 112015092004971-pat00133
) And equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00134
) Performance
Figure 112015092004971-pat00135
Is periodically updated.

In addition, not only a warm-up time is required when operating the components constituting the supply-side system and the demand-side system, but also the operation of these devices must take into consideration the pre-cooling / preheating time of the building and the cooling / The operation schedule of each equipment constituting the supply side system and the demand side system through the program embedded in the controller is set so as to be adjusted in consideration of the pre-cooling / preheating time of the building, the cooling / residual heat time of the system, and the warm-up time of the equipment.

After the operation schedules of the devices constituting the demand side system and the supply side system are determined by the above process, the operation schedules are inputted and stored by the operation program incorporated in the integrated controller for controlling the entire air conditioning system, Therefore, the integrated controller controls operation of each apparatus constituting the demand side system and the supply side system through the communication network according to the input operation schedule, whereby the air conditioning system operates optimally without driver assistance.

When the supply side system equipment is operated according to the determined operation schedule, the power consumption amount in a specific time zone, for example, the summer peak time zone is predicted in advance by Equation (13) below and the predicted power consumption is estimated to be equal to or higher than the set allowable power , The power of the devices constituting the demand side system is sequentially cut off from the devices of low importance in accordance with the preset driving scenario without operating the equipment in accordance with the operation schedule, If the predicted power usage in a particular time zone falls back below the allowable power level, the power supply of the demand side system equipment is switched in reverse order to the power cutoff order, Powered by Auto Is set to resume, the type and setting of the operation scenario is through a program built in the integrated controller.

Figure 112015092004971-pat00136

here,

Figure 112015092004971-pat00137
Is an arbitrary time (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00138
) Represents the total amount of electric energy used in the supply side system,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00139
Is an arbitrary time (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00140
) To supply-side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00141
) Is the amount of heat that will be consumed,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00142
Is the amount of electric energy used by each device used to supply the required calorie,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00143
Represents the performance of the device according to the operating conditions,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00144
Represents the performance of the device according to the ambient conditions,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00145
Cooling
Figure 112015092004971-pat00146
And heating
Figure 112015092004971-pat00147
. ≪ / RTI >

On the other hand, in order to save the cooling energy of the building, the supply side system often includes the ice storage system, and such an ice storage system is operated so that the ice axis is performed during the nighttime power hours where the electric energy charge is low. It is required that the ice-making operation be performed during the midnight power time when determining the operation schedule of the ice storage heat system. In this case, however, the ambient temperature is the lowest So that the operation is performed before and after the time based on the predicted time.

As described above, according to the present invention, the air conditioning system is operated in consideration of the performance of a device that varies according to different energy charges and heat sources by time and season based on the predicted cooling / heating load, Effective unattended operation is achieved without an experienced driver, since it is the most economical to operate and this operation is automatically carried out by the integrated controller.

Claims (10)

A control method of an air conditioning system including an integrated controller and a demand side system and a supply side system,
The control method predicts the outside air condition and the cooling and heating load of each zone of the building in advance and then satisfies the equations (8) and (9) based on the predicted cooling and heating load for each zone Each zone The demand calorie of the demand side system equipment and the operation schedule are determined,
The heating / cooling load and the heat quantity to be supplied to the respective buildings are summed to calculate the heating / cooling load and the heat quantity of the entire building, and the heating / The supply quantity and the operation schedule of the supply side system are determined so that both the objective function of Equation (10) and the constraint conditions of Equations (11) and (12) are satisfied in consideration of the performance and the capacity of the supply-
Wherein the operation schedule of the demand-side system and the supply-side system is automatically set and operated by the controller without the assistance of the driver.

&Quot; (8) "
Figure 112015092004971-pat00148

here,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00149
Time
Figure 112015092004971-pat00150
, The demand side equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00151
) ≪ / RTI >
Figure 112015092004971-pat00152
Demand system equipment that supplies cooling and heating energy to the zone
Figure 112015092004971-pat00153
) Is the permissible minimum calorific value,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00154
Cooling
Figure 112015092004971-pat00155
And heating
Figure 112015092004971-pat00156
. ≪ / RTI >

&Quot; (9) "
Figure 112015092004971-pat00157

here,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00158
Time
Figure 112015092004971-pat00159
Any demand-side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00160
),
Figure 112015092004971-pat00161
Demand system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00162
).

&Quot; (10) "
Figure 112015092004971-pat00163

here,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00164
Represents the expected total energy cost of the supply side system for one day,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00165
Time
Figure 112015092004971-pat00166
The equipment constituting the supply side system in
Figure 112015092004971-pat00167
) Is the amount of heat that will be consumed,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00168
Is the energy cost of each device needed to supply the required calorie,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00169
Indicates the performance of the device according to the operating conditions,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00170
Indicates the performance of the apparatus according to the outside air condition,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00171
Cooling
Figure 112015092004971-pat00172
And heating
Figure 112015092004971-pat00173
Lt; / RTI >
Figure 112015092004971-pat00174
Is the time interval for performing energy cost calculations.

&Quot; (11) "
Figure 112015092004971-pat00175

here
Figure 112015092004971-pat00176
Silver Time
Figure 112015092004971-pat00177
Side system that is supplied with cold water or hot water from the supply-side system in the < RTI ID = 0.0 >

&Quot; (12) "
Figure 112015092004971-pat00178

here
Figure 112015092004971-pat00179
The supply side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00180
) Is the amount of heat that must be supplied during cooling or heating,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00181
The supply side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00182
), ≪ / RTI >
Figure 112015092004971-pat00183
The supply side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00184
).
The method according to claim 1,
When the device is operated according to the determined operation schedule of the supply side system and the demand side system, the power consumption amount of the device in a specific time zone is predicted in advance by Equation (13). If the predicted power consumption amount is equal to or higher than the set allowable power Side system is automatically shut off in accordance with a preset scenario without operating according to the operation schedule, thereby reducing the amount of heat supplied from the supply-side system by a required amount of heat of the demand-side system, Side system equipment is automatically supplied in a reverse order to the power-off sequence when the predicted power usage amount in the demand-side system equipment drops below the allowable power.

&Quot; (13) "
Figure 112015092004971-pat00185

here,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00186
Is an arbitrary time (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00187
) Represents the total amount of electric energy used in the supply side system,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00188
Is an arbitrary time (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00189
) To supply-side system equipment (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00190
) Is the amount of heat that will be consumed,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00191
Is the amount of electric energy used by each device used to supply the required calorie,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00192
Represents the performance of the device according to the operating conditions,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00193
Represents the performance of the device according to the ambient conditions,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00194
Cooling
Figure 112015092004971-pat00195
And heating
Figure 112015092004971-pat00196
. ≪ / RTI >
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the operation schedules of the supply side system and the demand side system are adjusted in consideration of the pre-cooling / pre-heating time of the building, the cooling / residual heat time of the system, and the warm-up time of the equipment.
The method according to claim 1,
The performance of the device in accordance with the above operating conditions
Figure 112015092004971-pat00197
) And the performance of the equipment according to the ambient conditions (
Figure 112015092004971-pat00198
) Is updated from time to time based on the actual operation data of the apparatus, using the standard values provided in the operation manual as initial values.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the solar radiation load and the heat transfer load among the heating and cooling loads for each zone of the building are obtained by Equation (6) and Equation (7) by applying the building load characteristic coefficient represented by the heat transfer characteristic coefficient and the solar thermal characteristic coefficient, respectively Unmanned Optimal Control Method.

&Quot; (6) "
Figure 112015092004971-pat00199

here,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00200
and
Figure 112015092004971-pat00201
Is the heat transfer coefficient of the window and wall,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00202
and
Figure 112015092004971-pat00203
Is the area of the window and wall, respectively,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00204
Represents the six-sided orientation surrounding the building's heating and cooling space,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00205
Represents the number of walls or windows that make up one facing surface of the building.
Figure 112015092004971-pat00206
Is the predicted outside temperature of every hour,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00207
Is the room temperature of the heating / cooling space.

&Quot; (7) "
Figure 112015092004971-pat00208

here,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00209
and
Figure 112015092004971-pat00210
Are the solar radiation characteristic coefficients of windows and walls, respectively,
Figure 112015092004971-pat00211
Is the predicted solar radiation per hour for each orientation.
The method of claim 5,
When the heat transfer characteristic coefficient and the solar thermal characteristic coefficient are unknown in predicting the heating and cooling load for each zone of the building, the representative values of the heat transfer characteristic coefficient and the solar thermal characteristic coefficient are inputted respectively and then the representative value is adjusted based on the actual load And estimating the cooling / heating load.
The method of claim 5,
Wherein an actual cooling / heating load is calculated based on feedback of the operating state of the air conditioning system to the control device in real time, and the building load characteristic coefficient used for predicting the cooling / heating load is periodically Wherein the air conditioning system is controlled by the control unit.
The method of claim 7,
Wherein the predicted cooling / heating load is calculated again by applying the adjusted building load characteristic coefficient, and the operation schedule of the demand side system and the supply side system are automatically corrected based on the re-calculated cooling / heating load, respectively Unmanned Optimal Control Method of System.
The method according to claim 6 or 7,
Wherein the building load characteristic coefficient used for predicting the cooling / heating load is adjusted by a genetic algorithm.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the supply side system includes an ice storage heat system and the operation schedule of the ice storage heat system is set before and after the predicted time of the lowest ambient temperature during the nighttime power time.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019066301A1 (en) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-04 삼성전자주식회사 Air conditioning apparatus and control method thereof
US11168916B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2021-11-09 Broan-Nutone Llc Ventilation system with automatic flow balancing derived from a neural network and methods of use
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