KR101194295B1 - Reactive protective device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention describes a rigid or flexible pyrotechnic protection surface which is free or integrated into a housing, for medium-heavily and lightly armored vehicles, protection arrangements and surfaces to be protected, corresponding to FIG. 1 , with a single-layer or multi-layer carrier ( 4 ) of any configuration which is inclined in the region of action of the threat and pyrotechnic layers ( 2, 3 ) mounted on the carrier on both sides. Shock waves and reaction gases are formed by the firing of both layers and are accelerated both in opposite relationship to and also in the direction of the penetrating hollow charge threat ( 1 ). In that way both the front powerful blast elements and also a great blast length are disrupted and thus lose their penetration capability or are at least greatly diminished in respect of their residual power. The pyrotechnic protection surface is disposed in a condition of dynamic equilibrium over the entire period of action. No influences which are destructive or relevant in terms of terminal ballistics are exerted on the external region or on the structure to be protected. To increase the overall effect selected explosive surfaces are covered on the inside and/or outside with non-metallic materials which do not form ballistic fragments so that they are set in motion at different speeds upon being blasted with a hollow charge. For practical use it is particularly advantageous if the wall of the housing is incorporated as one or more of the inert materials into the structure of the armoring arrangement. The combination of inert and pyrotechnic materials which are operative to afford protection, in conjunction with a suitable layering arrangement, means that the response time can be reduced in relation to known armoring arrangements to such an extent that only a very small part of the hollow charge blast can still penetrate the armoring. With such arrangements, the weight in relation to surface area which is necessary to afford protection can be markedly reduced in comparison with known reactive armoring arrangements without requiring a high-mass disruption layer which flies towards the vehicle. In that way only comparatively light structures are required on the vehicle side in contrast to known reactive protection systems.

Description

Reactive Protection Device {REACTIVE PROTECTIVE DEVICE}

The present invention relates to pyrotechnic shields and, in particular, to debris-free reactive protection against hollow explosive charge threats.

Anti-tank portable weapons (PzAbwHWa) equipped with hollow explosive charge warheads pose a significant threat, particularly for vehicles that are lightly armed or of medium weight, due to their very high self-destruction performance. The Russian PG 7 is becoming increasingly known as a battlefield threat to be considered fundamentally in out of area inserts, as the weapons system is widely deployed around the world.

The protective effects of lightly armed and medium weight vehicles against these types of antitank portable weapons are very limited or not at all exhibited by conventional reactive protection systems and especially passive protection systems. This is because the amount of the vehicle is limited and the weight per unit area of the defense which is essential for protection purposes is too high. Relatively light vehicles have only a thin wall thickness because the basic shields of such vehicles are typically designed only to combat small caliber ammunition for tank destroying up to 14.5 mm in caliber. Because As such, various reactive protection systems have been developed, namely protection systems acting by explosives, to reduce the weight per unit area required for protection purposes.

For example, an HL-protection of a medium-weight vehicle with approximately 30-50 mm of attack-resistant steel with a passive protection system and an equivalent base shield would have an additional unit area of 500 kg / m2. Weight-required and reactive protection systems that have been known and proven to date require an additional weight per unit area of 500 kg / m2 to counter the threat of anti-tank weapons (PzAbwHWa). It is increasing.

Thus, since the early 70's, not only against hollow explosive charges (HL-threats), but also against heavy shells (KE-threats), collision threats or infiltrations or penetrations with chemically accelerated elements Apparatuses are known which obstruct a threat horizontally and thereby reduce the breaking power. The devices are referred to as reactive shields when action is initiated by a collision threat, and the devices are referred to as active defenses when ignition is controlled. In the case of reactive devices, a single or multi-layered, single-sided or double-sided coating of explosives, most often with metal plates, is treated very heavily. Devices of this type, when correspondingly dimensioned, act not only against hollow explosive charges, but also against KE-shells and are widely used as protective modules in many armed vehicles worldwide.

In the case of reactive systems accelerating the plate, there is a crucial disadvantage that the rather large masses that load not only the periphery but also the supporting structure of the periphery must be accelerated to a speed of several hundred m / s. As such, reactive defenses are often realized as modules (surface elements) in vault designs. In the case where the object to be protected is relatively light or the structure is relatively thin, the possibility of using reactive elements is very limited or not at all possible due to the load by the system itself. This applies in particular to devices against KE-threats, since relatively large masses must be accelerated in order to reduce the power of such devices. In the case of reactive devices against hollow explosive charges, the required disturbance mass is significantly reduced, but instead it reaches a hollow explosive charge beam that collides at speeds of up to 10 km / s by the lateral acting disturbance mass. It requires much higher speeds.

Devices are also known which cause a reduction in power by interrupting and deflecting the hollow explosive charge beam by using an explosive layer directly or by an electric field during the penetrating process. Devices of this type must use significant explosive thickness to maintain conditions that interfere with the beam over a relatively long period of time (caused by the beam length to interfere) when using explosives. The explosive layers ignite very quickly upon penetration of the hollow explosive charge beam, but nevertheless the desired side beam obstruction is achieved in conventional sandwich devices, even when the inclination is relatively large, especially against the penetrating beam in the front region. It is not caused at all. This side beam obstruction is combined with the supportive (protective) wall and the situation, and is only achieved when there is an inclined, almost empty (exposed) explosive surface. A relatively thick explosive layer or explosive layer or explosive thin film applied to a plate or wall applies to a series of known examples. In this case, conventionally reactive devices with explosive coating on one side are used.

In the case of hollow explosive charges, the explosives explode very quickly, but still require some time to form the pressure field, because the target material that collides with the incoming particles is first mechanically roughly in the shape of a hemisphere. This is because it accelerates away from the penetrating beam peak. Thereby, firstly, a cavity is formed which allows a rather large portion of the peak areas of the beam to pass through unobstructed because of its unusual action. However, this area plays a crucial role in the residual action of HL-threats, thus determining the cost needed to reduce the efficiency or power of the defense.

Corresponding spheres apply when coating the explosive layer with a plate to be accelerated. Not only are the plates to be accelerated by shock and gas forces, but the plates must also remove the craters formed by the beam peaks in order to be able to reach the penetrating beam laterally. The structure of the device and in particular the angle of the device to the penetrating threats are decisive parameters. In a series of known embodiments, attempts have been made to minimize the disadvantageous effects of the above described formation of holes by partially heavily inclined multilayer reactive protective structures. However, such attempts generally result in a greater overall depth than explosive structures or modules with small effective protective surfaces and covered surfaces. This structure also results in negative edge effects and insufficient overlap. In addition, the proportion of dead mass due to structural reasons also increases. Such dead mass, which is not directly used for protective performance, accounts for a significant proportion of the surface mass required in all known reactive protective devices, and correspondingly reduces the protective effect.

Reactive protective devices are also known which are installed in front of the structure to be protected and whose purpose is to reduce negative mechanical or end-ballistic coordination effects on the surroundings by means of a suitable explosive coating. In this manner, which are mostly multi-layered and also in most complex structures, a sequence of actions and interactions of the elements appear difficult to outline. The structures have proved to be completely effective against hollow explosive charges, but in principle will follow the above-mentioned operating constraints and valuation criteria.

The effective reactive protection systems known to date have not been able to fully protect against HL-threats even when using significant weight per unit area, since only certain parts of the hollow explosive charge beam can be affected by disturbance measures. Because. As such, typically about 20 to 30 percent of the power of a hollow explosive charge ammunition must be compensated by the vehicle's basic defenses as residual power.

The significant advantages of reactive devices over passive protection devices confront a series of shortcomings. Thus, conventional reactive protection systems work primarily on the principle of flying plates, which on the one hand pose a serious danger to the surroundings of the armed vehicle and on the other hand the plates that fly towards the vehicle wall. Will collide with the structure. This phenomenon has the greatest significance, especially in lightly armed vehicles.

Examples of such series of defenses are known. The accelerated plates are preferably made of steel as described in EP 0 379 080 A2. According to the publication, in order to compensate for the portion of the hollow explosive charge beam which is not sufficiently released from the reactive shield, the reactive shield is combined with an additional passive shield.

In US-A-5,824,951 a reactive shield is described in which the inert plates surrounding the explosive are made of different materials. The plate accelerated against the hollow explosive charge beam is made of glass and the plate flying towards the vehicle to be protected by the beam is made of steel. There is a space behind the plate that is blown by the beam so as not to disturb the operation of the plate during the interaction with the hollow explosive charge beam.

US-A-4,741,244 describes a reactive defense provided with a space behind the plate flying towards the vehicle. The disclosure states that the protective action of the rear plate is greater than the protective action of the plate flying towards the beam. Since the plate made of steel and flying backwards moves at a very high speed, in order to consequently prevent the vehicle wall from being penetrated by the parts of the reactive shield, a base shield of corresponding weight must be installed on the vehicle. .

DE 37 29 211 C1 describes a reactive protection in which sandwich-structures arranged obliquely in the vehicle direction are combined with a layered structure made of explosives and fragile materials, for example glass. The structure must act against the front portion of the hollow explosive charge beam through the inert sheet's inertia, which almost passes through the reactive protective material placed in front of it. The device described here is likewise subjected to high loads by the parts hitting the vehicle.

In DE 199 56 297 C2, reactive shields against hollow explosive charges, in which the explosives in layers arranged obliquely to the shooting direction, are coated with hindered layers of fiber composite material to avoid hard debris on the shooting side. This is described. The at least one barrier layer was formed from a high strength fiber composite material in the form of a fiber formation consisting of artificial raw materials or recycled raw materials or a combination of these raw materials.

DE 199 56 197 A describes a traditional reactive shield in which only conventional metal components have been replaced with a non-metallic plate (preferably made of fiber composite material) to avoid damage to the structure and surrounding damage. Protective action against HL-threats and KE-threats is achieved by acceleration of one or more such plates, in which case the reactive device is arranged inside the non-metallic housing. The described function of the additional plates referred to as buckling sheets is not feasible.

US-A-5,637,824 deals with traditional reactive mixed-defenses with explosive layers and metal plates accelerated in the direction of threat. By explosion, the power of the HL-beams is reduced by beam obstruction in a layer that is relatively thick, dynamic, and laterally defended by a metal plate, following the explosive layer. The dynamic effect of the intermediate layer can be enhanced by a layer inserted inside the working zone and by an additional explosive layer in front of the rear metal plate. The device is based on the so-called "collective destruction effect" described in the document. As materials for forming this effect, virtually all flowable metal materials or nonmetal materials are mentioned-but most of them do not cause such physical effects at all. The publication also describes the case where the forward defense is only formed by a non-metallic protective layer, in which case it is necessary to increase the thickness of the explosive in order to create the internal pressure necessary for the dynamic effect. After the explosion of the first thin film the structure again becomes a conventional reactive protective material having an explosive layer coated on both sides. In addition, not only the surroundings but also the structures in particular will be under load.

DE 37 29 211 C deals with a traditional reactive sandwich-device (metal plate with explosive-intermediate layer) embedded in a rigid foam in one unusual way. An explosive layer is disposed after the first working layer, followed by a buried body structure (glass body) having a separation layer of explosives. The entire composite device is inside a metal housing. Basically, the device is a relatively thick frontal defence made of exploded accelerated steel plate and with a reactive sandwich inserted in an inclined state, in which case the intermediate space is filled with hard foam. Known beam peaks, which are actually unobstructed and powered through such devices, must be supported inside a subsequent layer of kinetic protected glass body structure.

WO-A-94 / 20811 also deals with conventional reactive devices having two explosive layers inclined and coated on both sides and disposed inside a bulky metal housing. The object of the invention was not the traditional reactive sandwich device with a metallically accelerated plate, which is assumed to be known, but rather the manner in which the device is placed inside a bulky housing. This structure provides protection against HL threats as well as against KE threats. Structures of this type are used in lined Soviet vehicles.

One fundamental problem, particularly in reactive sandwich protection devices against KE-threats, is that explosives inserted even at the relatively thin coating thicknesses required, due to the low energy density required due to the impact load on the protective structure or housing structure. It's a possibility that it can be fired. The purpose of the device described in DE 33 13 208 C is therefore to use a beam blockage that is comparable to the beam blockage of so-called ballhole breakdown using a porous or foamed layer with an explosive component used in conventional reactive defenses. To cause. The layer is again a conventionally constructed reactive sandwich coated with a metal plate, in particular for the purpose of protecting against KE-threats.

DE 102 50 132 A relates to protection against landmines that form blisters and shells, but not to hollow explosive charges. The protective action in this case is through a container filled with a filler of fluid or flow medium. While the publication deals with basically kinetic protective structures, reactive devices to protect against HL-threats are not covered.

It can be seen from the embodiments described as prior art for the reactive protection system that the reactive systems known so far still require a relatively high base shield to compensate for the residual power, which is relatively heavy. This corresponds to the required base shield, in the case of PzAbwHWa equivalent in size to 60 to 80 mm armored steel.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a hollow explosive capability for vehicles armed with medium weights and even only lightly armed vehicles with correspondingly few base shields, without forming additional debris that acts limit-ballistically. It is intended to protect against charges, in particular against launching hollow explosive charges of medium caliber, such as for example PG-7. For these types of HL-shields for lightly armed vehicles

Very high effectiveness of the protection device, low weight per unit area and at the same time minimum residual power is required;

The vehicle wall must not be severely impacted or destroyed by threats or parts of the protection system to an unacceptable extent;

-No debris loads are placed around the vehicle by the protection system;

-The mobility of the vehicle must not be limited, and in some cases parts of the protection system must be able to be installed or dismantled during the mission;

Each road traffic-allowed law (eg Germany: StVZO) must be met;

-The risks beyond the protection system must not be provided from explosives in vehicles (ie classification 1.4 according to the Dangerous Goods Regulation (GGVS) in Germany);

-Quick access to flaps and storage compartments, even with shields installed, must be possible.

The object is that according to the invention, two or more layers of a chemical material having the same proportions and / or thickness or different proportions and / or thicknesses can be freely spaced apart from one another or a non-metallic material, for example rubber. It is achieved by being disposed while forming a predetermined angle with the firing direction in the housing made of. Preferred embodiments and refinements of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In one preferred embodiment, the chemical protection structure consists of a support that is inclined to any shape in the impact zone or the threatening action zone, with chemical layers provided on both sides of the support. Ignition of two layers forms shock waves and reactant gases, which are accelerated not only in the direction of the penetrating threat but also in the direction of the penetrating threat. Thus, in the case of hollow explosive charges, not only the powerful forward beam elements but also the critical part of the overall beam length are disturbed and lose their self-destructive ability. The chemical structure is at least almost dynamically balanced over its entire time of operation and does not exert any limit-ballistically relevant or destructive effects in its surroundings, ie in the outer area and the structure itself to be protected. At this time, the size of the region set as needed is derived by simply considering the piercing process kinematically.

Basically, a simple and principled device is envisioned that is not subject to various constraints or limited technical handicap. From this device, a technical innovation is derived that can never be achieved by means of reactive devices so far known. The chemical protection surface is also suitable for rapidly raising the level of protection not only by contiguous arrangement but also by integration in a series of known defenses.

Basically, the chemical protection surfaces can be combined in a simple manner with the devices against KE-threats. In optimal protection against different types of threats, no dead mass is required at all or only a small amount in any case.

Although the breadth of the shape possibilities is not limited in principle, a reasonable ratio of less relevant parameters must of course be maintained. In conventional reactive defenses, the effect depends critically on the dimensional design specification. In contrast, in the present invention, only a few preconditions that are basically applied to all reactive devices need to be noted. These prerequisites belong to a minimum explosive thickness to ensure initializing or continuous explosion. If the desired chemical combustion action is not achieved through the composition of the chemical layer, the chemical combustion action can be excluded from the preconditions. Additional prerequisites are derived from the geometric ratio and the relationship between threat and protective face dimension design. In this case, corresponding additional factors must be considered, ranging from the materials used, for example the type of explosive or the number of protective surfaces.

Due to the high effect, in the case of chemical protection surfaces, the mass of explosives to be consumed per unit area can be significantly lower than the reactive defenses known so far, up to 50% when considering the aforementioned limitations. Can be. The fact that the thickness of the explosive coating can reach about 50% of the average beam diameter when the angle between the defensive area and the threat is greater than 30 ° can be regarded as a reference value for the design.

Basic plots for the attainable velocity v of the exposed and coated explosive surface can be set via the Gurney-equation for a flat chemical surface:

v ₁ = (2? E) ^0.5 ? ((1-A + A ² ) / 3 + b? A ² + a) ^0.5

In this case a = M ₁ / C and b = M ₂ / C, A = (1 + 2? A) / (1 + 2? B);

M / C: mass ratio of wall to explosive;

Index 1: front face, index 2: rear face;

(2? E) ^0.5 : Gunny-factor (assuming 2,800 m / s in this case);

v ₂ = A? v ₁ .

When almost one side is coated, a or b is zero.

The table below yields a few dimensional design results that clearly represent the basic concepts. In the table, the absolute value is not a problem, but rather the identification symbols which clearly indicate the concept in the context of the present invention (D: thickness, M: mass, S: sandwich).

If the thickness of the explosive (DC) is relatively thick and the support layer is relatively thin, the velocity is theoretically at least 4 km / s in magnitude of the explosive gas velocity. If the surface is empty (exposed) or if the explosive surface is coated less, the approximate value determines the theoretically attainable speed.

If the coating (protection of the thin film surface) is very thin with a size of 0.1 mm, very high surface velocity (3 km / mV) even when the explosive-thin film thickness is very thin (eg 2 mm-minimum thickness is determined by the ignition characteristics). s or more). If the thickness of the coating is much lower (eg 1 mm Al), it falls at a surface speed of less than 2 km / s. However, the speed is much higher than conventional sandwiches.

When one side is coated or almost one side is coated, when the explosive is medium in thickness and the volume of the wall is relatively large (e.g. for KE-protection or for systemic reasons), substantially dimensioned and If the speed of one side is high, the wall speed is only 50 m / s. This low speed can still be adjusted by mechanical means. Thus, particularly interesting combinations appear in accordance with the present invention for such design limitations, such that even when the total depth is lowest and high protection effects are achieved without any load on the surroundings and structures. do.

The following basic devices are considered by way of example corresponding to the invention in connection with the design of the support (see FIGS. 4 and 5).

4A: Symmetrical coating with pure explosive thin film. Such coatings naturally also include surface treated or surface protected thin films. Such a symmetric coating results in a simultaneous explosion at the first approximation. "Dynamic protection" by the explosive gas effectively raises the protective mass, resulting in the maximum surface velocity of the explosive gas velocity magnitude. The wall itself does not experience acceleration according to the regulations. The velocity of the reactant gas can be significantly affected by the thin film design and the explosives chosen, as is the case with the material inserted inside the explosive matrix. In the case of coating the explosive layer with a bulky layer, mainly as in the case of traditional sandwich structures, the effect is quite limited.

4B and 4C: Different explosive coatings. This coating results in a velocity of the partition or support. If a corresponding shape is provided and the material selection is suitable, the use width is basically not limited at all. In that case almost complete symmetry of the overall reactive device can be achieved by arranging the two faces symmetrically. As a method for roughly evaluating the acceleration of the support layer or the connecting layer which appears in the direction of the threat or in the direction against the threat, the thickness difference between the two explosive thin films can be applied at the first approximation.

5A: There is an expanded wall (eg very low density of 0.1 g / cm ³ size) between the pure explosive thin films. The wall can be designed to be relatively rigid, dynamic even with high compressibility.

5B and 5C: The explosive thin films of the structure corresponding to FIG. 5A were coated in a very thin layer on the wall side (support side) or on the outer surface (threat side and object side). Such a coating makes it possible to set the desired explosive gas diffusion rate in this plane according to Gunny-observation. Thus, for example, the duration of the intervention on the threat can be extended even in areas where there is little surface coating.

Explosive thin films or coatings can of course also have variable thicknesses. As such, the effect of one partial surface can be affected, for example to compensate for different protection depths or arrangements.

With regard to supporting the fast beam portion by a sufficiently high velocity of the exposed thin film surface, an overall highly efficient device can be provided which works very broadly by appropriately coating the surface. Coating one side of the explosive thin film with a conventionally dimensioned accelerated sheet can be considered a case of limitation. However, this applies only to the partial elements of such reactive structures and not to reactive devices in the sense of the present invention and having the claims according to the present invention.

The separation layer between the relatively thick support layer or the explosive thin films, for example with additional physical properties relating to dynamic or intrinsic properties to shock waves, can be advantageous because the bonding depth is increased. In other words, in that case multiple beam particles or larger beam lengths are involved. Known glass bodies which are kinematically compressed by explosives function on such a foundation. However, the glass body is relatively heavy, especially because of the thickness required for the mass balancing of the defenses.

In the case of reactive shields, the effect of device size on the shield and along with the speed attainable by the accelerated devices is more important. In this case, it is easy to see that small device size, larger explosive thickness and higher device mass act to reduce the speed. The reason for this is that the thicker the coating (larger mass) and the thicker the explosive layer, the lower the speed of the smaller area devices. Since the magnitude of the speed reduction can be 50%, the effect can result in more over-control of other purpose-specific parameters. If the coating mass is very low or the explosive layer is pure, the influence of the device size is correspondingly small. The effect is maintained at the first approximation with no effect on gas explosion. Thereby further advantages of the device corresponding to the invention emerge. In particular, very important design criteria, such as the size and behavior of the module in the edge region, are positively affected.

By the multilayer structure of the support, the support can also be used as a control element for energy- and signal transmission between the explosive thin films. One design criterion for this is the acoustic impedance of the materials used.

The explosive layers required in terms of chemical protection in accordance with the present invention pose only few requirements in terms of manufacturing tolerances and surface quality and in addition to the manufacturing method. This fact significantly enlarges the gap when forming the surface of the protective element.

Further improvement is achieved by basically known methods of coating the surfaces of the workpiece layers with materials of different densities. Preferred materials for the coating include relatively low or high density materials, glass, composite materials, brittle materials such as ceramics, cracked or broken into pieces, and impact resistant but relatively low strain rates such as rubber. In this case weak materials are used, which disperse or corrode the middle and rear portions of the hollow explosive charge beam after a relatively long reaction time over a relatively long period of time due to the high self inertia. As low density materials, for example, metal or nonmetallic foams are suitable. When the explosive surface is exposed, air reaches a short reaction time due to its low inertia as the surrounding medium, and attains a very high acceleration to disperse the fast part from the front region of the hollow explosive charge beam.

Model deformations introduced in ballistics, particularly the expression of explosive explosions, but later expanded to apply the Cranz-type model laws extended to the expression of the whole limit-ballistics, are applied to geometric transformations within wide limits. Can be. As such, the structure actually tested can be dedicated to comparable applications within very wide limits by physical and geometric imaging rules. Additional aids for dimensional design provide numerical simulations.

The high efficiency of the device corresponding to the invention is basically not related to the housing. The container, housing or cover is used above all to secure the working layers together with the protective elements to be combined and to protect the working layers against external influences.

In practice, it is desirable to associate the mode of operation of the protective device corresponding to the invention with the structural specifications of the object to be protected. This can be applied from simple ordered arrangements to complementary protective structures. Inert materials on the front and / or back of the housing consisting of one or more layers can also be optimized with regard to the action against the KE-bombs.

In one preferred embodiment, layers of explosive and inert materials are inserted into the prefabricated pouch of the protective module, so that the reactive shield can be simply and suitably matched to the vehicle to be protected.

The figures characterizing the present invention and a description of conflicting and penetrating threats are summarized in the list below.

1 is a schematic diagram showing the basic structure of the protective surface of the chemical product corresponding to the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the manner of action of the protective surface of the workpiece according to FIG. 1 at a relatively early point in time of penetration and penetration;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the manner in which the chemical protection surface according to FIG. 1 is operated at a relatively late point in time of penetration and penetration;

4 are examples of the chemical protection surface according to FIG. 1 with a thin support;

5 are examples of the chemical protection surface according to FIG. 1 with an inflated support;

6 is an example of a chemical apparatus having two exposed explosive layers,

7 is an example of a chemical apparatus protected inside;

8 is a further example for a chemical apparatus having a tightening sandwich,

9 is an example of a chemical apparatus with vessel / housing,

10 is a further example of a chemical apparatus with vessel / housing;

11 is a further example for a chemical apparatus with vessel / housing.

The foregoing and further features and advantages of the present invention can be better understood from the following description of preferred and non-limiting examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. Accordingly, FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a chemical protection surface with a colliding hollow explosive charge beam or colliding threat 1, chemical coatings 2 and 3, and a support 4 therebetween correspondingly to the present invention. .

FIG. 2 shows the state or mode of action of the chemical protection surface according to FIG. 1 at a relatively early point in time of penetration and penetration. The action of the front chemical coating 2 (facing the threat side) begins at the point where the threat 1 impinges on the coating 2 (small circle 5). The explosion front extends in the coating 2 at a speed (indicated by arrow 6) at an average beam-penetrating speed in the portion to be defended of the hollow explosive charge beam. If the support is relatively thin, the beam penetrates at the point where the threat 1 impinges on the coating 3 as well as by a shock wave extending in the hemispherical form from the circle 5 in the rear chemical coating 3. The action also starts with the peak (small circle 5A). The same conditions as for coating 2 apply to the expansion of the explosion front in coating 3 (arrow 6A). Due to the geometrical ratio and in particular the shape of the support 4, asymmetry may appear in the space (large circle 7) for controlling the power action and the overall dynamics, which is effective at the observed time point. However, this asymmetry does not affect the basic characteristics of the described device. The explosion front (and accelerated surface layers, as the case may be) extending from the accelerated reaction gas against the threat is symbolized by the expanding pressure field 9.

If the surfaces of the coatings 2 and 3 are exposed or only slightly coated, there will be a rapid expansion rate of the reactant gas and the explosion front extending in the direction of the incoming- or penetrating beam (arrow 8). The expansion rate is very decisive compared to the explosive layer 2 due to the protective properties of the surface 4 and the coating 3 (because of its gentle mass before ignition, the pressure field itself forms after ignition of the coating 3). Due to static). As a result, the parts of the beam in the peak region are loaded at the sides and are redirected or destroyed. Particularly where the hollow explosive charge particles are very sensitive to interference, in the peak area, supplying less energy is sufficient to drastically reduce the power of the parts.

However, the foremost beam parts still penetrate the front chemical layer 2 due to the penetration mechanism described above. The foremost beam parts are supported in the rear chemical coating 3. Because of the speeds associated with the actual physical conditions, geometric ratios, and short reaction times applied in the chemical coating, the foremost beam peak also reaches the rear zone, resulting in the inclusion of the foremost particles as a whole. A large portion of the hollow explosive charge beam is subjected to full load and the portion is deflected and destroyed.

Such a state is shown in FIG. 3. One part of the chemical coating 2 has already been transformed in the broadly expanding pressure field 9A. The control space for the overall dynamics, symbolized by the large circle 8A and with the arrow fields 8 and 10 corresponding to the response planes of the coatings 2 and 3, gives a smaller circle as well as the overall shape of the power compensated with an approximation. The load of the foremost beam peak in the region of the obstructive field 12, indicated by (11) and formed by the coating 3, is also shown.

4 shows examples of symmetrical chemical protection surfaces or asymmetrical chemical protection surfaces with a support disposed therebetween. The protective surfaces can be embodied in relation to the protection (eg as a KE-protection or as a shield against a flat-cone-bomb) or extremely lightly implemented. Corresponding reactive devices may be formed from only one (flat or bent or formed in any shape) or may constitute one face by a combination of two or more devices. Thus, the reactive shield can be adapted to the threat in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows a few examples of the workpiece protection surface (arranged symmetrically in this figure) with the inflated support or the inner surfaces 4A, 4B, 4C. The protective surfaces, as described, may be made of extremely light materials or at the same time used as internal volumes (eg containers) for other tasks. Unless the mode of operation of the reactive elements is unacceptably limited, the shape of the inner region is naturally not limited.

As shown in the design examples (see FIGS. 6-11) and the experiments conducted, coating one and / or both sides of the explosive surface in the inner region and / or outer region 13, 13A, 14, 14A is particularly This is very important for the overall efficiency of the defense, and also for the distribution of the protection required to counter the residual penetration depth of the threat.

For the best protection of the reactive device corresponding to the invention, it is desirable to protect one or both sides of one of the explosive layers out of a plurality of explosive layers for overall balancing of the protective action or in connection with design engineering specifications. can do. The process of protecting the explosives as described above in order to increase the overall protective effect is preferably done by decomposing materials such as metal or nonmetallic thin films, GFK, ceramic or glass or surfaces consisting of liquids and gels.

Corresponding to the foregoing description, one or more protective layers can act as early as possible in combination with the chemical layers in order to obstruct the fast parts in front of the hollow explosive charge beam, and the one or more protective materials are hollow explosive. It is desirable to select the amount and density of the protective materials so that the one or more protective materials can act more slowly in order to obstruct the slower middle and rear regions of the charge beam.

The explosive layers may be inserted as a matrix inside one or a plurality of metal or nonmetallic materials with low density (15-30 kg / m ³ ) and high compressive capacity (see FIG. 6).

The shape of the support 4 is completely free. As such, the support is shown as a curved surface in FIG. 1. All that is needed is a sufficient inclination against threats in the area of action. Because of the high efficiency of the chemical coating, the minimum angle in the device proposed in the present invention is as small as 10 ° to 15 ° compared to known reactive structures. In the conventional sandwich construction, starting from a minimum angle of inclination of 45 °, the average angle between threat and defense in this device is sufficient between 30 ° and 40 °. The angle between the defensive surface and the threat can be formed through the setting of the whole surface or through geometric deformations by technical or structural measures. Thus, for example, the inclination required for sufficient action even if the surface is inclined too small with respect to the threat can be made, for example, by undulation, bending or laminating. Different embodiments of the workpiece protection surface may be constructed from a few modules that form interconnected surfaces or have intermediate spaces or other separate parts (eg, face segments, jalousie, separated or interlocked modules). .

The technical shapes of the support are basically not limited (eg metallic, nonmetallic, structured, monolayer or multilayer). The support is rigid or deformable / movable, and the thickness of the support can range from thin film thicknesses to bulky plates or thicker structures. The support may also be made of an inert material or of a material that can react chemically / chemically. Therefore, the internal high pressure field may also be configured by the explosion of the chemical coating in the support.

The performance of the protective device is generally assessed as the ratio of the mass to the reference mass (the power of the ammunition, equivalent to armed steel) to the protective device itself, using two factors:

Em-factor formed from Em = mref / (mS + mRL), in which case mref is represented as the power of the threat with a mass equivalent to steel, mS is the protective material used and mRL is equivalent to steel Expressed as residual power with mass;

2. Fm = Fm-factor formed from (mref-mRL) / mS.

The Em-Factor is used as a criterion for the quality of the entire blank. In the partial protection measures, ie if residual power is still present, the evaluation of the individual protection devices is reasonably made through the Fm-factor so that the quality of the individual protection devices can be evaluated and compared.

Fm-values achievable according to the current prior art are in the range of 5 for passive protective devices and in the range of 8 to 10 for active devices.

The device corresponding to the present invention basically presupposes the use of a chemical material having a dynamic corresponding to the application, that is to say reactive. The handling of chemical elements required in this case and the safety measures and other operational specifications associated with them are crucially improved by the technical prerequisites necessary for the supporting structure or the vehicle to be set as deep as possible due to the above-mentioned advantages. do. In addition, with the corresponding preventive measures, the service life of the effective chemical coating can be minimized.

6 shows a principle structure corresponding to FIG. 5A. Hollow explosive charges are placed at intervals 15 in front of the reactive protective device. The reactive protection device consists of explosive layers 16 and 17 which are inclined relative to the beam axis 1 in the simplest form. Layers 18, 19 and 20 are only used to hold the explosive layers 16 and 17 purely. The layers 18, 19 and 20 can also be used as very light shields. In this case, however, the required surface expansion rate should not be constrained to be noticeable.

The protective device corresponding to FIG. 6 was experimentally tested with an interval 15 of about 2.5 apertures using a PG 7 type experimental bomb at 45 °. The protective structure consists of foam material / explosives / foaming material / explosives / foaming material, the weight per unit area is 30 kg / m at the line of sight when the density of the foamed material is about 15 kg / m ^{3 It} was less than ^two . The residual power detected by the experiment amounted to about 30% of the power of the hollow explosive charges of armed steel. This results in a significantly higher Fm-value of 70 or more. Also, as shown in the following examples, no limit-ballistically relevant portions are formed either in the direction of threat or in the direction of the object to be protected.

Thus, it has been found that such extremely light devices are suitable according to the invention as general shields in connection with the objects to be generally protected, as additional shields and in particular as shields for almost all vehicles. For vehicles with high base blanks, such as combat billets, such a device is most suitable for protecting the sides and rears against threats from PzAbwHWa.

In a further experiment, the front explosive layer 16 was protected with a relatively thin layer of medium density material. When the weight per unit area of the reactive protective device was about 100 kg / m ² , the residual power was only about 10%. This yields a Fm-value of 25 or greater as a result.

Comparing the experimentally detected powers as described above with values of known reactive protective devices, the difference with the protective device according to the invention is not only in terms of residual power (10% compared to about 30%) but also in terms of weight per unit area 300 compared to the kg / m ² evident in ~ 100 kg / m ^2).

In a further test, the front explosive layer 16 as well as the rear explosive layer 17 were protected with medium density fragile materials 20, 20A in terms of the support (FIG. 7). Because of the relatively thin inner layer 19 made of foam material, in this case a particularly flat protective structure according to FIG. 5B is dealt with. The residual power was less than 10% when the weight per unit area of the reactive protective device was less than 90 kg / m ² . The result is an Fm-value of 30 or more.

The residual power of the hollow explosive charge must be compensated for by the ballistically acting material. Since materials such as armed steel, high strength duraluminium or titanium also reach an effect of up to 1.5, the specific performance of the protective device according to the invention is particularly pronounced with regard to use in light systems. The very low residual powers achieved confirms that such a reactive protection device according to the invention can be used in vehicles with medium weight and even light weight.

The above facts were confirmed by experiments using the reactive protection device shown in FIG. 8. In the combination of the devices shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 as described above (front coating: thin layer 21 of medium density), the explosive layer 17 embedded inside the foam material 19, 20 is tightened after the purpose. A buckling device 22 is arranged. When the weight per unit area of the total protective device was about 170 kg / m ² , the residual power was only about 1% to 2%.

When comparing the absolute value of the reactive protection device according to the invention with the reactive protection system according to the prior art, such a marked level of technological innovation is evident. Conventional reactive protection systems with a weight of 300 kg / m ² per unit area, in the most advantageous case, reach a residual power value corresponding to 20% of the threat's reference power. In other words, in the case of threats by PzAbwHWa with performance equivalent to 300 mm to 400 mm armed steel, the residual power of 60 mm to 80 mm armed steel is reached. This corresponds to a weight per unit area of 480 kg / m ² to 640 kg / m ² . In the most advantageous case, the total weight per unit area for the required armored shield of 780 kg / m ² is obtained. If the area of the object to be protected is, for example, 6 m ² (eg side shield), a total shield weight of 4680 kg is required. In contrast, the residual power of the reactive protection device according to the invention corresponds to a weight per unit area of 80 kg / m ² , when equivalent to up to 10 mm armed steel. Thus, by adding the weight per unit area of the protective device according to the invention, a total weight per unit area of the required armed blank of 250 kg / m ² is obtained. This result means only 1,500 kg of total shield weight for the object to be protected with a protective area of 6 m ² . That is, the weight savings will reach 3180 kg compared to the reactive protection system according to the prior art. Thus, with the reactive protection device according to the invention, only about 32% of the mass of the protection of conventional reactive protection devices is required.

The chemical coating of the protective surface may be composed of a coating, a fixed or mounted explosive thin film, a laminated reactive mixture (such as a metal mixture to enhance the interference effect) or a rigid or modified material containing a chemically acting material. It may also consist of a possible container (pouch). However, the wall must be implemented so that the described action of the protective face of the chemical is not adversely affected. However, this was ensured when the coating thickness of the fast devices had a size of 1/10 mm. The surface of the metal or nonmetallic cover or explosive thin film of a container of the above type can also be obtained by the above production method. In addition, a cover or surface of this type may also be required for the protective load to prevent handling and use loads and ambient effects.

In order to achieve the necessary defensive effect against a relatively heavy threat, the chemical protection face can simply be combined. Thus, for example by interconnecting two relatively thin workpiece protective surfaces, a new effective protective surface is formed, the total explosive thickness of the protective surface being much smaller than known reactive shields. Thus, even when two chemical protection surfaces are used, the high efficiency value or even larger hollow explosive charges can be very effectively supported due to the significantly reduced residual power. This applies especially to tandem devices.

From the known reactive protective devices all possibilities relating to the ignition of the chemical side can be derived or dedicated. These possibilities include actuation through direct ignition or actuation through ignition aids up to controlled external ignition. Likewise, all the possibilities associated with the covering or covering of the chemical side can also be derived or dedicated. Such possibilities include inserting (or packaging) inside a pure protective thin film (eg to protect against impacts or abrasion during transport, or to color the surface) to counter weather effects.

Further advantages and possibilities of formation, which can be derived or known without special knowledge from known reactive protection devices, include the possibility of realization and dismantling of the housing, as well as the possibility of replacement and operability (translation, rotation, tilting). Load). The same applies to the case where the spacers are spaced in front of the object to be protected by the fixing members or the intermediate layer. The fastening members or intermediate layers should not, of course, impair function. As the interlayer or spacing member, for example thin structures, very low density materials or air chambers can be used. Further points relate to, for example, modular structures, multi-layer devices, changing the thickness of the support and the thickness of the chemical coating and the deformation of the working elements involved. One or both sides of any layers or structures (eg, bent, corrugated or bent sides) can of course also be coated with a chemical protection surface.

The most effective reactive protective devices or protective surfaces corresponding to the present invention also do not require the use of active protection techniques which are mainly highly complex and very susceptible. Systems of this type are no longer protected by known reactive devices in which the threat from the object itself is effective, in particular compared to traditional reactive protection systems, or the object to be protected is subjected to a strong load by the reactive protection itself. Even in places where it can be destroyed, protection must be further enhanced.

However, where active protection systems are provided, the reactive surfaces according to the present invention may exhibit high levels of protection even in modules with minimal surface mass and in randomly formed or very small sized devices. It can lead to decisive advantages. This can be especially supported in actively accelerated protection elements, since they only require relatively little energy for their acceleration, corresponding to very small masses.

Listed below are the fundamental advantages of chemical protective surfaces or protective devices:

-The chemical protection device or protective surface has a minimum weight per unit area;

-Chemical protection devices or protective surfaces require a minimum total depth.

The chemical protection surface is basically a free element, so it is not connected to any additional technical equipment.

The chemical protection device has an optimum overall efficiency in terms of mass and protection depth.

In the case of surface-attached structures, there are no restrictions in relation to the shape as well as the depth of protection. Thus, an extremely flat structure (size: 20% to 30% of the HL-based penetration power in the armed steel) is also possible.

Very small device sizes can also be realized because the edge influence (for example on the shield) is much less than conventional reactive shields.

The device can be arbitrarily adapted to the angle of inclination with respect to the surface to be protected.

The chemical face may be arranged arbitrarily as a module, for example as a single layer or multilayer frontal shield, as a working surface combined with the shield or as a direct shield.

The HL-beams load in two different directions with minimal reaction time and at the same time high temporal extension.

In general, no structural loads occur at all, except for no problem expansion pressure. Thus, deformation of the support structure can be avoided.

Limit-ballistically related materials do not occur when the surrounding load is applied.

The chemical protection surface can be arbitrarily formed and adapted to the respective surface or to the internal structure.

-The chemical protection surface may be rigid or deformable / movable.

The chemical protection surface can be fixed on the existing surface in an undisassembled or dismantleable manner in any way.

The chemical protection surface is a fixed or movable curtain which may be loosely hung or installed within the frame or in front of the object to be protected.

The chemical protection surface may cover any layer or structure on one or two sides.

-Any structure of technically unique protective surfaces and a combination of these unique protective surfaces are possible. Thus, for example, parallel or mutually inclined chemical protection surfaces may also be combined.

The chemical protection surface can be used as a stand alone device or combined with other defenses (eg, defense against KE-threats and FK-threats).

The chemical protection device can be effectively combined with the tightening sheet device, since the protection device reduces the high beam speed and, in addition, increases the action of the tightening sheet devices (tightening sandwiches).

The chemical protection surface can be used as the most effective multilayer surface attachment module, for example against a relatively large aperture mono-hol explosive charge or HL-tandem threat.

-Chemical protection surfaces do not presuppose elevated technical requirements (eg with regard to manufacturing methods, manufacturing tolerances and explosive uniformity).

-The manufacturing cost of the protective side is less than the achieved protective performance.

With chemical protection surfaces, various retrofitting possibilities arise from existing structures, vehicles or other surfaces to be protected (also used as additional defenses in existing inert or reactive shields).

By the use or replacement of reactive elements, technical improvement of the overall structure is achieved in the example of many known reactive protective devices.

The chemical protection face can be adapted to the prior art without significant cost.

Even if the coating thickness or device mass is different, dynamic superiority can be made by correspondingly forming or designing the remaining devices.

The support of the chemical protection device may consist of an inert material or of a hollow or filled structure.

The support of the chemical protection surface can be minimized as a pure fixed surface or assembling surface or can meet ballistic or technical additional requirements within wide limits depending on the shape (for example multi-layer structure or technical structure). And this feature does not reduce the basic performance of the chemical protection device or adversely affect the basic performance.

All known advantages of such devices apply to the housing or fixture of the chemical protection surface.

-If necessary, the side, roof and bottom of the housing or container may also be coated with chemical protection.

By means of the chemical protection surface corresponding to the invention, an effective protective effect against HL-threats can be at first shown in the case of light vehicles or lightly armed devices.

With the chemical protection device corresponding to the invention, an effective protective effect can be obtained against large-caliber HL-threats in the case of vehicles with medium weights (such as SPz) at first.

The chemical protection surface can be used as a complement in active shields and / or as acting elements.

The chemical protection surface can be used as a working surface as well as for signal transmission (explosion transmission) in active shields.

In a reactive protective device, each explosive layer may be selectively surrounded by one or multiple chambers provided with filler or air. Further embodiments of the invention, in particular with regard to the use and possibility of use in light vehicles or transport means, are briefly described below.

Particular preference is given to flexible housings which are not protected at all or surround locally protected explosive layers. The housing (see FIGS. 9-11) may be made of materials that are elastic, metal-free and do not form any debris, such as, for example, elastomers, thermoplastics or thermoset plastics. It may also consist of flexible materials such as foam or sintered materials, fiber composite materials, materials of renewable raw materials, wood or artificial wood, organic materials (paper, leather), textile materials or combinations of the above materials. When one or two explosive layers are fully integrated into the housing wall, dynamic protection of explosive explosives is achieved. This feature further enhances protection. The explosive layer facing the battlefield can also be further protected by a bond shield, in particular against small diameter ammunition.

Three devices are used to illustrate the almost unlimited possibilities of formation of the container or housing. 9 shows one example of the chemical apparatus 23, in which case the housing 28 has a vertical rear wall. Behind the thin front cover 24 is the front layer of chemicals 25, followed by an intermediate layer 27 made of air or a very low density medium. There is an additional chemical layer 26 between the intermediate layer 27 and the rear (full or empty) volume 29.

The reactive shield may be provided directly on the vehicle side tightening device with or without the housing or at intervals. The tightening structure consists of a metal or nonmetallic layer in front, a dynamically acting functional layer such as rubber, and a metal or nonmetallic layer in the rear, which can be, for example, an exterior wall of a vehicle (such as a storage box, etc.).

FIG. 10 shows an example of a chemical apparatus in which a tightening sandwich 30 is connected behind. In this embodiment, the chemical layers 31 and 33 are set differently. The explosive thin film 31 of the front side is inserted in the front surface of a housing. The thickness of the inclined rear wall 36 of the housing is different. In order to enable as high a surface velocity as possible in the thin film 33 coated with the thin layer 27, the space 32 is empty. A fastening plate sandwich 35 is behind the low or very low density medium 34. The space 37 behind it is either empty or filled with a very low density medium.

11 shows an example of a chemical apparatus 38 with a housing 39 with an open back side, which is mounted directly on the wall 40 of the object to be protected in this case. The device 38 has a continuous forward chemical face 41, while the internal chemical face is divided into two components 45, 46, the two components being for example one intermediate wall 44. Can be separated by). Chambers 42 and 43 and 47 and 48 may be filled with air or with a very low density medium that is the same or different in density.

In one preferred embodiment, the layers of explosive and inert materials are inserted into a prefabricated pouch of the container or housing, whereby the reactive shield can be adapted simply and suitably for the vehicle to be protected. Replacement of the components, for example replacing the chemical module with an inert module, is possible in a simple manner. Similarly, multiple reactive partial surfaces may be combined into one protective surface.

Depending on the material, the housing can be manufactured by vulcanization, casting, gluing, pressing or cutting. All combinations of the foregoing manufacturing methods are also conceivable. The housing may also have a front shield or may itself be a front shield. The housing may comprise one or a plurality of cavities of the same size or of various sizes, in which the inert materials and the chemical materials of the chemical protection structure can be inserted, cast or pressed. The thickness of the walls may be unified or may have different thicknesses. If the housing is part of a protective layer or if it is an inert protective protective material, it is preferred that the wall thickness is different. The housings can be formed such that they can be combined into one fixed or flexible contour. This arrangement of the structure prevents the protective module from being pushed out when the vehicle collides with the obstacle and / or during shooting. In order to provide easy access to the vehicle areas behind the wall, the individual segments of the wall can be pushed, bent or rolled away. The wall segments can be removed or attached with a slight handhold.

In one suitable embodiment the housing is formed such that the housing overlaps neighboring housings in the edge region. This formation ensured that sufficient protective material is present even when hitting at the edge region or directly at the housing edge. In the neighboring housing area, it is particularly desirable for the housing wall to have a wall thickness sufficient to prevent explosion of the explosive layers of neighboring modules when hitting the module outside the overlapping area.

The fastening members can be vulcanized, cast, glued or suspended in the housing. The fastening members are preferably made of a material having high toughness without forming any debris, thereby leaving the unexploded modules in the vehicle upon the explosion of neighboring modules. The fixation can be reinforced by high strength fibers and / or high strength inlays made of polymer or steel.

Thermal loads (fire, radiant heat) that last longer may bend the housing wall. In longer load periods, the maximum internal pressure can be limited by structural measures in the housing, so that intensive explosives can be burned, in which case there is no need to convert to chemicals.

Within the housing may be arranged one or a plurality of chambers which are separated from each other, which chambers are each limited solely or in combination by the explosive layer, the respective matrix material and the housing material. The chambers may be filled with materials that decompose and form no active debris at all, such as, for example, gases, solids, liquids, gels, crystals, fibers or grains. The cavities in the wall or housing may be used as a container for fuel, liquid or as a storage space for an installation object, for example. The cavities of the housing can also be pressurized by gas or liquid, in order to move the reactive HL-protection from the space-saving transport position to the defensive position according to the invention.

The housings may be arranged to form gaps which are connected to each other, in which these housings are rolled or superimposed individually or in groups for management tasks in the vehicle. The housing or parts of the housing may also be formed simultaneously as a package of explosives for storage, handling, guide in the vehicle and transport according to GGVS (Dangerous Goods Regulations on the Road). In order to avoid internal pressures that are important for the conversion of explosives, defined thin film or overpressure valves may be included to limit the internal pressure inside the housing. Housing material and housing shape must be optimized for decontamination.

From the detailed descriptions and the aforementioned fundamental advantages of the chemical protection device or protective surface according to the invention, the protective device or protective surface not only has technical performance which has been hardly achieved until now, but also can be designed to very wide limits. The fact that it can be obtained. Thus, almost unlimited application bandwidths and possibility of deformation are obtained. This range of application and deformability extends from armored vehicles, to surrounding shields to roof guards, including movable or fixedly mounted shields. It is also conceivable to protect the floor against corresponding threats. Furthermore, chemical protection surfaces are also the most effective protection for containers or buildings.

Although the present invention has been described above comprehensively with reference to various implementation possibilities, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (14)

Reactive protective devices that do not form limit-ballistically related debris in two functional directions for the object to be protected, Two chemical layers (2, 3) inclined to the threat in the zone of action of the threat are used as supports and are disposed on both sides on a rigid or elastic single layer or multilayer intermediate layer 4 having any shape on the thickness of the film. After ignition of the two chemical layers 2, 3, a shock wave and a reaction gas are formed, the shock wave and the reaction house not only in a direction against the penetrating threat 1, but also in the direction of the threat 1. Acceleration takes place while forming a predetermined angle, such that the protective surfaces formed from the two chemical layers and the intermediate layer are in dynamic balance over the entire action time. The method of claim 1, Reactive protection device characterized in that the at least one chemical layer (2, 3) has an empty surface or is protected on one or both sides only with a layer thickness of 0.1 mm size (13, 13A, 14, 14A). delete The method of claim 1, Reactive protection device, characterized in that the two or more layers of chemicals (2, 3) are arranged on the object to be protected in parallel or mutually forming a predetermined angle. The method of claim 1, Reactive protection device, characterized in that the protective surface formed from the at least two chemical layers (2, 3) and the intermediate layer (4) is fixedly, movably or dismountably arranged. The method of claim 1, Reactive protection device, characterized in that the chemical protection surface formed from the at least two chemical layers (2, 3) and the intermediate layer (4) is arranged inside a housing (28) of metal or nonmetallic material. The method of claim 6, Reactive protection device, characterized in that one or a plurality of chambers (42, 43, 47, 48) filled with a material separated from each other, empty or free of debris. The method of claim 7, wherein Reactive protection device, characterized in that the chambers 42, 43, 47, 48 are filled with a filler that does not form any effective debris, which decomposes itself such as gas, solid, liquid, gel, crystal, fiber or grain. . delete The method of claim 1, Reactive protection device, characterized in that the object-side chemical product layer (3) with a tightening device (22; 35) is arranged next or spaced apart. The method of claim 1, Reactive protection device, characterized in that the chemical protection surface formed from at least two chemical layers (2, 3) and the intermediate layer (4) is integrated inside the active shield. The method of claim 1, Reactive protection device, characterized in that at least one chemical layer (17) is arranged between two layers (19, 20) supporting the layer. delete The method of claim 1, Reactive protection device, characterized in that the intermediate layer (4) is made of a material that can react chemically / chemically.

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