KR100686370B1 - Scrapped material thermal resolution device and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention thermally decomposes flammable wastes such as liquid or solid wastes such as general and industrial wastes in a high temperature, anoxic or low oxygen atmosphere to reduce pollutant emissions, and utilizes high temperature pyrolysis gas as its heat source from the outside. It does not require a separate fuel supply to maximize energy efficiency.

A waste hopper equipped with a hopper mixed with liquid and solid waste, an air removing means for automatically discharging waste from the hopper by a predetermined amount and removing external air flowing along the waste, and a waste input device. Transfer screw for transporting, melting and vaporizing the waste discharged through the rotatably installed by the drive means, a thermal decomposition chamber for continuously pyrolyzing the waste by indirect heating by maintaining an atmosphere of high temperature and low oxygen, and thermal decomposition Combustion chamber for supplying heat of 300 ~ 500 ℃ to pyrolysis chamber by burning non-condensed gas which is not condensed in pyrolysis gas generated during pyrolysis of waste to use as heat source for pyrolysis of waste transferred to chamber After the catalytic reaction of pyrolysis gas by the catalytic reaction tower connected to the gas outlet of the boiling point in the distillation column Accordingly, the refined oil generating means for generating light oil and heavy oil and supplying it to the combustion chamber as an initial fuel, and continuously discharged ash discharged after pyrolysis from the pyrolysis chamber, and from the external air and pyrolysis chamber introduced from the outside during re-emission It is provided with an automatic discharge device having a means for removing the pyrolysis gas discharged.

Liquid and solid wastes, pyrolysis equipment, catalysts, waste synthetic resins, refined oils

Description

Continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis device and its control method

1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram of a continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention,

2 is a cross-sectional view of the pyrolysis chamber shown in FIG.

Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the main portion extract of the slide gate in the automatic waste input and discharge device shown in Figure 1,

4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A shown in FIG.

5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B shown in FIG. 3;

6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the portion “D” shown in FIG. 6;

8 is a block diagram of a device for converting the gas discharged by pyrolysis according to the present invention into electrical energy to be recycled as power;

9 is a flow chart showing a process of pyrolyzing the continuous liquid and solid waste according to the present invention;

10 is an enlarged excerpt of an excerpt of a pyrolysis chamber for thermally decomposing continuous liquid and solid wastes according to the present invention;                 

11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A shown in FIG. 10,

(A, b, c) is a modification example in the B-B line | wire shown in FIG.

* Explanation of symbols used in the main part of the drawing

One; mixer

3,30; First slide gate

5; Vacuum filter

7; Vacuum tank

9; Nitrogen inlet

11; Nitrogen storage tank

13; Drive gear

15; bearing

17; Sealing Unit

19; Feed wing

21; Temperature sensor

23; insulator

25; Pyrolysis chamber

27; Combustion gas outlet

29; frame

4,31; Second slide gate

33; combustion chamber                 

35; Pyrolysis gas outlet

37; Distillation tower

57,57a; Slider

59; Extension Guide

The present invention is a continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus and its control to significantly improve the yield and function of the pyrolysis apparatus to reduce the emissions of pollutants by indirectly heating the flammable waste in a high temperature, oxygen-free or low oxygen atmosphere It is about a method.

More specifically, liquid wastes such as waste oil or combustible wastes such as solid general and industrial wastes are subjected to simultaneous drying and pyrolysis in an atmosphere of high temperature and low oxygen. The present invention relates to a continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus and a control method thereof, by which non-condensed gas among pyrolysis gases is used as its own heat source so that a separate fuel supply is unnecessary from the outside to maximize energy efficiency.

In the following description, the pyrolysis principle used in the pyrolysis apparatus is that if a flammable waste is indirectly heated in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere, the pyrolysis space forms a reducing atmosphere, and the waste is decomposed and evaporated into a gas or a liquid. (char) means to remain.

That is, it can be seen that waste (meaning a waste synthetic polymer compound) + heat = gas (non-condensed gas) + liquid (refined oil) + solid (char).

In general, the amount of food waste and livestock waste from livestock farms are increasing significantly due to the increase of hardly degradable wastes due to industrial development and the diversification of food culture. In order to incinerate wastes by drying and burning them with a predetermined incinerator, the processing costs and space limitations are faced, so most of the wastes are landfilled or illegally disposed.

As a result, soil and groundwater are seriously polluted due to leachate from food waste and industrial waste, and river water is seriously polluted due to unauthorized discharge of livestock wastewater.

On the other hand, conventionally used pyrolysis apparatus is to put a certain amount of waste inside the pyrolysis chamber in a batch manner, and then heat the pyrolysis chamber at a predetermined temperature by applying a high temperature heat from the outside by closing the lid. Therefore, a batch process is employed in which the waste is pyrolyzed and converted into liquid, gas and solid materials.                         

On the other hand, in the batch type pyrolysis method, there are many difficulties in pyrolysis of wastes in which various substances are mixed, and especially in the case of mixing of foreign matters (such as grass, soil, and nonferrous metals), heat transfer is not performed smoothly. As a result, there is a limit in producing refined oil from waste, which causes a problem that its use value is lowered.

Therefore, an object of the present invention, when the flammable waste is thermally decomposed by indirectly applying heat in a high temperature, anoxic or low oxygen atmosphere, the waste is continuously introduced by a predetermined amount and the ash discharged through the pyrolysis process can be continuously discharged. The present invention provides a continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus and a control method thereof which can greatly improve the yield and function of the pyrolysis apparatus.

Another object of the present invention is a continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus for maximizing the thermal contact area indirectly contacted during pyrolysis of waste to improve the efficiency of expensive equipment by increasing the pyrolysis rate of the waste, and It is to provide a control method.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a continuous liquid phase that ensures safety by providing a fire extinguishing device for supplying and extinguishing nitrogen by interlocking with a temperature sensor installed therein in case of abnormal high temperature or fire in the pyrolysis chamber. It is to provide a solid waste pyrolysis apparatus and a control method thereof.                         

Still another object of the present invention is to utilize a non-condensable gas in the high-temperature pyrolysis gas as a heat source of the combustion chamber burner, so that it is unnecessary to supply fuel from the outside, thereby maximizing energy efficiency. It is to provide a pyrolysis device and a control method thereof.

Still another object of the present invention is a continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus for converting high-temperature waste heat discharged during high-temperature pyrolysis of waste into electrical energy to be recycled as a power of a factory to recycle waste, and control thereof. To provide a way.

The object of the present invention described above is a waste having a hopper into which a mixture of liquid and solid waste is mixed, and an air removing means for automatically discharging waste from the hopper by a predetermined amount and removing external air introduced along the waste. An automatic feeding device and a transfer screw for transferring, melting and vaporizing the waste discharged through the waste feeding device are rotatably installed by the driving means, and maintain the atmosphere of high temperature and low oxygen state to continuously discharge the waste by indirect heating. Pyrolysis chamber,

Combustion chamber for supplying heat of 300 ~ 500 ℃ to the pyrolysis chamber by burning non-condensed gas which is not condensed in pyrolysis gas generated during pyrolysis of waste so as to use as heat source for pyrolysis of waste transferred to pyrolysis chamber. Refining oil generating means for catalyzing pyrolysis gas by a catalytic reaction column connected to a gas outlet of the cracking chamber, and generating light oil and heavy oil according to the boiling point in the distillation column and supplying it as an initial fuel to the combustion chamber;

After the pyrolysis from the pyrolysis chamber is discharged continuously discharged ash, characterized in that it comprises an automatic discharge device equipped with a means for removing the external air introduced from the outside and the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis chamber when re-emission. It is achieved by providing a continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus.

According to a preferred embodiment, a nitrogen storage tank having a temperature sensor installed inside the pyrolysis chamber, an actuator valve storing nitrogen and interlocked with the temperature sensor and opened and closed by the temperature sensor, When the temperature exceeds the set value is further provided with a nitrogen supply device for automatically supplying nitrogen into the pyrolysis chamber through the nitrogen inlet formed in the pyrolysis chamber due to the actuator valve opening.

The above-described automatic injector and discharge device,

The first slider gate is slidably moved along the guide groove formed in the gate body by the first cylinder driving to open and close the hopper outlet, and the first slider gate is slidably moved along the guide groove formed in the gate body by the second cylinder driving. The second slider gate forming a temporary storage hopper at the outside, and the pyrolysis gas discharged from the external storage and the pyrolysis chamber from the pyrolysis chamber from the outside to the temporary storage hopper from the outside to remove the atmosphere of oxygen-free atmosphere inside the pyrolysis chamber. And air removing means for holding.

The first and second slide gates described above

The slider is formed on the gate body by pressing and supporting the extension guide that is extended to the gate body and supports the slider when the slider slides in the horizontal direction when it is separated from the guide groove, and the upper surface of the slider sliding along the guide groove formed in the gate body and the extension guide. It is coupled to the airtight holding means which consists of the ball which keeps the airtight and the airtight support and the elastic member which elastically supports the ball, and the engaging groove formed between the slider bottom surface and the contact surface of the extension guide, and the friction between the gate body and the slider when moving the slider It is provided with a guider to prevent.

The material of the guider is formed to be relatively softer than the material of the slider so as to prevent breakage due to friction when the slider is moved.

It is mounted to the gate body in communication with the guide grooves of the above-mentioned first and second slide gates, and further comprising removing foreign substances collecting foreign substances discharged from the guide grooves when the slider moves.

The thermal decomposition chamber mentioned above,

The cross-sectional area is formed in a circular shape, and a gas backflow prevention section for preventing backflow of the pyrolysis gas by minimizing the gap between the transfer screw and the pyrolysis chamber inlet and outlet casing, and formed at the bottom to transfer the waste when the transfer screw is driven. And a pyrolysis space consisting of a transport space and a retention space formed on the upper side to retain the pyrolysis gas evaporated upon pyrolysis of the waste to be transported, melted and vaporized.

The above-mentioned pyrolysis chamber is formed in a circular, elliptical or streamlined cross-sectional shape.

As the driving motor used as the driving means described above, any one selected from a VS motor, a DC motor, and a geared motor equipped with an inverter may be used to adjust the rotational speed of the transfer screw.

The object of the present invention described above is a first step of mixing combustible solid and liquid wastes which are supplied by crushing and sorting by a mixer, and forcibly discharging wastes introduced into the hopper from the hopper by an automatic feeding device. The second step of removing the external air flowing along the waste, and transfer, melt and vaporize the waste introduced into the pyrolysis chamber from the hopper by a transfer screw, maintaining the atmosphere of high temperature and low oxygen, A third step of continuously pyrolyzing by indirect heating,

A fourth step of supplying heat of a predetermined temperature into the pyrolysis chamber by combusting non-condensed gas which is not condensed in pyrolysis gas generated during waste pyrolysis to continuously dry and pyrolyze the waste introduced into the pyrolysis chamber; Pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis chamber passes through desulfurization, denitrification and dechlorination apparatus, and after catalytic reaction, the fifth step of generating light oil and heavy oil according to boiling point in the distillation column and using it as an initial fuel when operating the combustion chamber,

Continuously discharging the ashes pyrolyzed from the pyrolysis chamber, the continuous liquid and solid phase comprising a sixth step of removing the external air introduced from the outside and the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis chamber By providing a method for pyrolysis of waste.

According to a preferred embodiment, the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber for drying and pyrolyzing the waste is maintained at 300 to 500 ° C.

By supplying the thermal energy of the predetermined temperature (400 ~ 500 ℃) discharged from the above-described thermal decomposition chamber to the steam boiler to convert to a steam state, the turbine is rotated as the converted steam, the kinetic energy during the rotation of the turbine electrical energy It is used as power by converting into.

Nitroglycerin, sulfur, anthracite, activated carbon, saccharin sodium, gunpowder, borax, silicon, alumina nitrate, and glue may be used as the catalyst used in the above-mentioned fifth step.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are intended to describe in detail enough to enable those skilled in the art to easily carry out the invention, It does not mean that the technical spirit and scope of the present invention is limited.

1 to 12, in the continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention, the combustible liquid wastes such as waste oil and solid wastes such as waste synthetic resin are mixed and introduced in the mixer (1). The hopper 2 in which the waste quantity input sensors 55 and 56 are installed, and the air removal means E for automatically discharging waste from the hopper 2 by a predetermined amount and removing external air flowing along the waste are provided. Waste automatic input device (A),                     

Gears 13 and 14 and bearings having a transfer screw 18 equipped with a transfer blade 19 for transferring, melting and vaporizing waste discharged through the automatic waste input device A are connected to the driving motor 12. A thermal decomposition chamber 25 which is rotatably installed by the support of 15) and continuously pyrolyzes wastes by indirect heating by maintaining an atmosphere of high temperature (ie, 300 to 500 ° C.) and a low oxygen state;

The non-condensed gas that is not condensed in the pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis of the waste is used to supply the heat of a predetermined temperature to the pyrolysis chamber 25 so as to use the waste transferred to the pyrolysis chamber 25 as a heat source for pyrolysis. The high temperature combustion chamber 33 and the pyrolyzed pyrolysis gas pass through the desulfurization, denitrification and dechlorination apparatus, and the pyrolysis gas passes through the catalytic reaction tower 36 connected to the gas outlet 35 of the pyrolysis chamber 25. Refining oil which is cranked from a large molecular weight to a small molecular weight while being passed through to the distillation towers 37 and 38 and generates light oil and heavy oil according to boiling points in the distillation towers 37 and 38 to be supplied as an initial fuel to the combustion chamber 33. , Heavy oil) generating means (C),

Air that discharges the char discharged after pyrolysis from the pyrolysis chamber 25 continuously and removes the external air introduced from the outside and the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis chamber 25 when the ash is discharged again. It is provided with an automatic discharge device (B) provided with a removal means (E).

At this time, the nitrogen storage tank 11 having a temperature sensor 21 installed in the above-described thermal decomposition chamber 25 and an actuator valve 10 which stores nitrogen and is opened and closed in cooperation with the temperature sensor 21. And when the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber 25 by the temperature sensor 21 exceeds the set value, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the pyrolysis chamber 25 is 30% due to a malfunction of the pyrolysis apparatus or an operator error. When exceeding, through the nitrogen inlet (9) formed in the pyrolysis chamber 25 due to the opening of the actuator valve 10 to automatically supply nitrogen from the nitrogen storage tank (11) inside the pyrolysis chamber (25) A nitrogen supply is further provided.

The above-described automatic feeding device (A) and discharge device (B),

A first slide gate for automatically opening and closing the hopper 2 outlet by sliding the slider 57 along the guide groove 58a formed in the gate body 58 by driving the first cylinder 60 operated by hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure. The slider 57a is slidably moved along the guide grooves 58a formed in the gate body 58 by driving (3,30) and hydraulic or pneumatic second cylinders 60a. Between the second slide gates 4 and 31 forming a temporary storage hopper D between and the external air and pyrolysis chamber 25 introduced together with waste into the temporary storage hopper D from the outside. Air removal means (E) for removing the pyrolysis gas discharged to the storage hopper D to maintain an oxygen-free atmosphere in the pyrolysis chamber 25 is provided.

The first and second slide gates 3 and 30 and 4 and 31 described above are

An extension guide 59 extending from the above-described gate body 58 and supporting the detachment from the guide groove 58a so that the sliders 57 and 57a slide in the horizontal direction, and the guide groove formed in the gate body 58. The ball 61a and the ball 61a for holding the slider 57 and 57a in close contact with the gate body 58 to keep the airtight by pressing and supporting the upper surfaces of the sliders 57 and 57a which are slid along the 58a. Hermetic holding means consisting of an elastic member (61b) for supporting,

When the sliders 57 and 57a, which are separated from the guide grooves 58a, are moved to the extension guide 59, the sliders 57 and 57a are pressed against the upper surfaces of the sliders 57 and 57a so that the sliders 57 and 57a are brought into close contact with the extension guide 59. And a coupling groove 69 formed between the contact surface of the ball 66 and the elastic member 67 to elastically support the ball 66 and the bottom surface of the sliders 57 and 57a and the extension guide 59. And a guider 65 for preventing friction between the gate body 58 and the sliders 57, 57a when the sliders 57, 57a are moved.

In this case, the material of the guider 65 may be formed to be relatively softer than the material of the sliders 57 and 57a so as to prevent damage caused by friction when the sliders 57 and 57a are moved.

It is mounted to the gate body 58 in communication with the guide groove (58a) of the first and second slide gates (3,30) (4,31) described above, and from the guide groove (58a) when the slider (57, 57a) is moved. It is further provided with a foreign matter removal 62 that accumulates the foreign matter discharged, and the door 63 is installed to remove the foreign matter from time to time.

The thermal decomposition chamber 25 mentioned above,                     

The cross-sectional area is formed in a circular shape, and a preliminary formation of a gas backflow prevention section (L1) which prevents backflow of pyrolysis gas by minimizing a gap between the transfer screw 18 and the pyrolysis chamber inlet and outlet casings 20a and 20b. The pyrolysis chamber, the transfer space (S1) formed in a circular shape at the bottom to transfer the waste when driving the transfer screw 18, and in the circular, oval or streamline on the upper side to retain the pyrolysis gas evaporated when the waste is pyrolyzed. It is formed as a residence space (S2) is formed having a main pyrolysis chamber.

The drive motor 12 used as the above-mentioned driving means is any one selected from a VS motor, a DC motor, and a geared motor mounted with an inverter so that the thermal decomposition speed of waste can be variably controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the transfer screw 18. Can be used.

Hereinafter, the method of using the continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the combustible solid waste including general and industrial waste is removed after the arrival through the sorting machine to remove soil, dust, etc., and some of the selected waste is recycled by selecting non-ferrous metals. See S100). The sorted combustible waste is moved to a grinder and crushed and crushed to a predetermined size (see S200).

The combustible waste is crushed to remove the moisture contained in the waste via the dryer (see S300). The solid combustible wastes from which moisture is removed are finely pulverized in a secondary crusher and then transferred to a blender along a conveyor, mixed with liquid combustible wastes such as waste oil and the like in the mixer 1, and then mixed into a hopper 2 ( S400).

The mixed waste liquid and / or solid phase introduced into the hopper 2 is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber 25 by a predetermined amount by the above-described automatic waste input device A.

That is, the slider 57 of the first slide gate 3 is driven hydraulically or pneumatically to drive the first cylinder 60 by the detection of the waste input detection sensors 55 and 56 in the hopper 2 described above. As a result, the predetermined amount of waste in the hopper 2 is injected onto the second slide gate 4, and after a predetermined time elapses, the first slide gate 3 is driven by driving the first cylinder 60. Closed.

At this time, the inside of the temporary storage hopper D between the first and second slide gates 3 and 4 is driven to an oxygen-free state by driving the air removing means E installed between the first and second slide gates 3 and 4. Will be made.

That is, the external air introduced into the temporary storage hopper D along with the wastes is opened by the vacuum tank 7 due to the opening of the vacuum valve 6 connected to the vacuum tank 7 forming a vacuum state by the vacuum pump 8. Since the suction is instantaneously, the temporary storage hopper (D) maintains a vacuum.

That is, the external air introduced into the temporary storage hopper D is sequentially supplied through the vacuum filter 5-the vacuum valve 6-the vacuum tank 7-the vacuum pump 8 into the combustion chamber 33.

As the slider 57a of the second slide gate 4 described above is opened due to the operation of the second cylinder 60a, the waste stored in the temporary storage hopper D is automatically moved to the pyrolysis chamber 25. do. At this time, since the pyrolysis gas introduced into the temporary storage hopper D from the pyrolysis chamber 25 is removed by the above-described air removing means E, the hopper 2 is continuously executed by repeating the above-described process. The waste from can be continuously introduced into the pyrolysis chamber 25 by a predetermined amount.

On the other hand, in the thermal decomposition chamber 25, chain aliphatic formation, aromatization, CO such as water separation, dehydration, desulfurization, depolymerization, decarboxyl group, destruction of carbon bond ring (CC bond ring), aliphatic formation, etc. Bond breakdown, CN bond breakdown occurs.

When waste is automatically introduced from the above-mentioned temporary storage hopper D into the above-described pyrolysis chamber 25, the waste is transported by the transfer blades 19 formed on the outer periphery of the transfer screw 18. The waste which is transported in the right direction (arrow display direction) and melted and vaporized while being transported is continuously pyrolyzed by heat applied indirectly in the pyrolysis chamber 25 which maintains an atmosphere of high temperature and low oxygen state.

At this time, since the rotational force of the drive motor 12 of the above-described driving means is transmitted to the driven gear 14 fixed to the transfer screw 18 through the drive gear 13 and the chain (not shown) connected thereto, the transfer screw (18) Transfer screws 18 supported by sealing units 16 and 17 mounted on the frame 29 to support the bearings 15 supporting both ends and the casing 20 forming the thermal decomposition chamber 25. ) Is rotated at a predetermined speed.

On the other hand, the heat source that indirectly heats the waste is supplied from the high temperature combustion chamber 33 described above. That is, the temperature inside the pyrolysis space of the initial pyrolysis chamber 25 at which the pyrolysis apparatus is operated is a predetermined temperature (300 to 500 ° C) due to the operation of the above-described high temperature combustion chamber 33 using light oil or refined refined oil. Temperature).

At this time, the combustion chamber 33 uses initial fuel (refering to diesel) until the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis chamber 25 is not yet generated and the temperature inside the combustion chamber 33 is raised to a predetermined temperature. The exhaust gas heated up in the combustion chamber 33 flows in through the heat source inlet 26 formed in the casing 22, and then the casing 22 of the annular pyrolysis chamber 25 formed outside the pyrolysis chamber 25. After passing through the inner space of the heat source through the outlet 27 is discharged to the outside.

The gap between the inlet side casing 20a and the transfer blade 19 corresponding to the gas backflow prevention section L1 of the pyrolysis chamber 25 when the waste pyrolysis is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber 25 is minimally formed. As a result, the hot pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis chamber 25 is prevented from flowing back to the temporary storage hopper D.

On the other hand, the waste is transported to the outlet side along the transfer space (S1) formed in a circular shape on the lower side of the lower side of the thermal decomposition chamber 25 having a streamlined cross-section when the transfer screw 18 is driven, pyrolysis to evaporate during waste pyrolysis The gas is thermally decomposed by indirectly applying high temperature heat to the waste while remaining in the residence space S2 formed at the upper side of the pyrolysis chamber 25, and then discharged to the catalytic reaction tower 36 through the pyrolysis gas outlet 35. do.

On the other hand, when the dissolved oxygen amount exceeds the set value (say 30% as an example) inside the pyrolysis chamber 25 due to a malfunction during operation of the pyrolysis apparatus or a personal mistake of the operator, the above-described automatic input device ( As A) and the discharge device (B) are opened due to a malfunction, the external air is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber 25, and the external air is supplied to the waste introduced into the pyrolysis chamber 25 to supply ignition to generate ignition. The operation of the device makes it possible to prevent it.

That is, when the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber 25 detected by the temperature sensor 21 in the pyrolysis chamber 25 described above exceeds a set value, the actuator interlocked with the temperature sensor 21. Due to the opening of the valve 10, nitrogen from the nitrogen storage tank 11 can be automatically supplied into the pyrolysis chamber 25 through the nitrogen inlet 9 formed in the pyrolysis chamber 25.

On the other hand, after pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas discharged through the pyrolysis gas outlet 35 passes through the desulfurization, denitrification, and dechlorination apparatus, and the pyrolysis gas passes from the large molecular weight to the small molecular weight while passing through the catalytic reaction tower 36. It is cranked and transferred to the distillation towers 37 and 38, and generates light oil and steam according to boiling points in the distillation towers 37 and 38, and supplies a portion of the diesel fuel to the combustion chamber 33 as an initial fuel.

Residues (char) which are transferred to the outlet side along the transfer blade 19 through the pyrolysis process is moved to the above-mentioned automatic discharge device (B). When the slider 57 is opened by driving the first cylinder 60 of the first slide gate 30 described above, the pyrolyzed residue is introduced into the temporary storage hopper D and the slider 57 is closed after the set time.

At this time, a small amount of pyrolysis gas introduced into the temporary storage hopper D along the residue is removed due to the opening of the vacuum valve 6 connected with the vacuum pump 8 so that the temporary storage hopper D maintains an oxygen-free state.

After the ashes are safely discharged to the outside due to the opening of the second slide gate 31 described above, the slider 57a of the second slide gate 31 is closed. At this time, since the external air introduced into the temporary storage hopper D from the outside is sucked into the vacuum tank 7 due to the opening of the vacuum valve 6 described above, the temporary storage hopper D maintains an oxygen-free state.

This makes it possible to continuously discharge the ash transported after the pyrolysis from the above-described pyrolysis chamber 25.

On the other hand, the sliders 57 and 57a are accumulated due to foreign matter accumulated between the ends of the sliders 57 and 57a or the guide grooves 58a by the continuous driving of the first and second slide gates 3 and 30 and 4 and 31. In case of interference with opening / closing driving of the (), for example, a malfunction of the first and second slide gates (3,30) (4,31), the foreign material formed to communicate with the end of the guide groove (58a) is removed (62) This can prevent the guide groove 58a from being blocked. At this time, the cleaning of the foreign matter accumulated in the above-described foreign matter removing box 62 can be performed by opening the door 63 even during the operation of the equipment.

When the first and second cylinders 60 and 60a are driven as described above, the upper and lower sliders 57 and 57a are horizontally moved along the guide grooves 58a formed in the gate body 58 and the extension guide 59. As the airtightness is maintained by the balls 61a and 66 pressed against the extension guide 59, it is possible to prevent the leakage of gas or air through the guide grooves 58a.

In addition, when the sliders 57 and 57a are moved in the guider 65 mounted in the coupling groove 69 formed between the extension guide 59 and the sliders 57 and 57a, the gate body 58 is precisely formed. ) And the sliders 57, 57a can be prevented.

By repeatedly performing such a process, the interior of the above-described pyrolysis chamber 25 continuously maintains an atmosphere of a high temperature and low oxygen state, and the continuous pyrolysis operation is possible.

Since the pyrolysis rate of the waste introduced into the inlet side of the pyrolysis chamber 25 is determined according to the composition ratio of the waste and the amount of moisture, the pyrolysis rate is determined along the transfer blades 19 spirally formed on the transfer screw 18. In the drawing, the direction is continuously moved in the right direction (arrow display direction). At this time, due to the variable drive of the drive motor 12 described above, the transfer screw 18 may be variably driven, thereby adjusting the pyrolysis rate of the waste to improve the pyrolysis yield.

On the other hand, when the temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber 25 is maintained at 300 to 500 ° C., the body and the transfer screw 18 of the pyrolysis chamber 25 are repeatedly contracted and expanded by high temperature heat. In addition, the thermal expansion guide 24 supporting both ends of the pyrolysis chamber 25 enables the streamlined pyrolysis chamber 25 to always maintain its initial state.

When the pyrolyzed residue is discharged, air and gas introduced into the temporary storage hopper D between the first and second slide gates 30 and 31 are first and second slide gates 3 at the inlet side of the pyrolysis chamber 25. 4, it is supplied to and removed from the combustion chamber 33 via the vacuum filter 5-the vacuum valve 6-the vacuum tank 7-the vacuum pump 8.

As described above, the continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention has the following characteristics.

① Decomposition composition of waste synthetic polymer waste,

Pyrolysis characteristics of waste synthetic polymer compounds are classified into 5% of char and 95% of pyrolysis gas. The calorific value of pyrolysis gas is 6800kcal / ㎥N-10642kcal / ㎥N of high calorific value according to the type of waste, and the low calorific value is 6200kcal / ㎥N-8376kcal / ㎥N. And non-condensable gas without oil component is classified as 15%, and the components of non-condensed gas are 5% unidentified gas and 10% confirmed gas (H₂, CO, CO₂, CH₄), and all of the characteristics of double confirmed gas are used as fuel. It is a possible component and high calorific value is 3900kcal / m 3 N-4040 kcal / m 3 N, and low calorific value is 3700 kcal / m 3 N 3800 kcal / m 3 N.                     

② Pyrolysis Characteristics of Urban Garbage

The calorific value of non-condensable gas from municipal waste is 2500 kcal / m 3 N to 3500 kcal / m 3 N, and the calorific value of waste containing waste synthetic resin in urban waste is 4000 kcal / m 3 N to 5000 kcal / m 3 N.

③ Characteristics of pyrolysis reaction

The optimum reaction temperature is 300 ~ 500 ℃ by indirect heating method, and the characteristics of reaction are water separation, dehydration, desulfurization, depolymerization, decarboxyl group, destruction of carbon bond ring (CC bond ring), aliphatic formation and short Chain-type adipose formation, aromatization, CO bond breakdown and CN bond breakdown occur.

④ Characteristics of the oil production process

The pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis unit passes through desulfurization, denitrification, and dechlorination unit, and the carbonized gas passed through the catalyst unit is cranked from large molecular weight to small molecular weight and transferred to the distillation column again. This will produce gasoline and diesel.

⑤ Characteristics of pyrolysis temperature for each waste

PE is 422-506 degreeC, PP is 379-489 degreeC, PS is 380-471 degreeC, nylon is 402-467 degreeC, and rubber is 167-762 degreeC.

⑥Features of pyrolysis residue

The longer the reaction, the higher the decomposition efficiency, and in the case of mixed plastic materials, the ash content is 47-65%, the calorific value is 3000kcal / ㎥N-4000kcal / ㎥N, and heavy metals contained in the plastic (Pb, Cu, Ni, etc.) Is fixed.

⑦ Composition of catalyst to promote pyrolysis

It is only used if it is difficult to decompose waste or require faster pyrolysis.

Nitroglycerin 2.5% by weight, sulfur 10%, anthracite 60%, activated carbon 10%, saccharin sodium 1.5%, gunpowder 1.0%, borax 3% by weight, silicon 7%, alumina nitrate 3 Weight%, glue 2.0 weight%.

As described above, the continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus and control method according to the present invention has the following advantages.

When liquid or solid flammable waste is thermally decomposed by indirect heat in a high temperature, anoxic or low oxygen atmosphere, the waste discharged by pyrolysis can be continuously discharged by inputting a predetermined amount continuously to improve the yield and function of the pyrolysis device. Significantly improved, it will be competitive in the industry.

In addition, it is possible to ensure safety by providing a fire extinguishing device to automatically supply and extinguish nitrogen in conjunction with a temperature sensor installed therein in case of abnormal high temperature or fire in the pyrolysis chamber.

In addition, by maximizing the thermal contact area during the pyrolysis of waste, the pyrolysis rate of the waste is significantly improved, and the workability of the pyrolysis apparatus is remarkably improved.                     

In addition, by utilizing high-temperature pyrolysis gas as a heat source of combustion chamber burner, it is not necessary to supply fuel from the outside, thereby saving energy, and converting high-temperature waste heat discharged during pyrolysis of waste into electric energy to power plants, etc. It can be recycled to recycle waste.

Claims (13)

A hopper into which liquid and solid wastes are mixed; An automatic waste input device having an air removing means for automatically discharging waste from the hopper by a predetermined amount and removing external air introduced along the waste; Transfer screw for transporting, melting and vaporizing the waste discharged through the waste input device is rotatably installed by the drive means, thermal decomposition to continuously pyrolyze the waste by indirect heating by maintaining an atmosphere of high temperature and low oxygen room; Combustion chamber for supplying heat of 300-500 ° C. to the pyrolysis chamber by burning non-condensed gas which is not condensed in pyrolysis gas generated during pyrolysis of the waste so as to use the waste transferred to the pyrolysis chamber as a heat source for pyrolysis. ; Refining oil generating means for catalyzing the pyrolysis gas by a catalytic reaction column connected to the gas outlet of the pyrolysis chamber and generating light oil and heavy oil at boiling points in the distillation column, and supplying some of them as an initial fuel to the combustion chamber; And It is provided with an automatic discharge device equipped with a means for continuously discharging the ash discharged after pyrolysis from the pyrolysis chamber, and means for removing the external air introduced from the outside and the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis chamber when the ash is discharged. Continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis device characterized in that. The nitrogen storage tank of claim 1, further comprising: a nitrogen storage tank including a temperature sensor installed inside the pyrolysis chamber, an actuator valve storing nitrogen and interlocked with the temperature sensor and opened and closed by the temperature sensor; When the temperature exceeds the set value of the continuous liquid phase characterized in that it further comprises a nitrogen supply device for automatically supplying nitrogen into the pyrolysis chamber through the nitrogen inlet formed in the pyrolysis chamber due to the opening of the actuator valve And solid waste pyrolysis apparatus. The method according to claim 1, wherein the automatic input device and discharge device; A first slide gate slidingly moving along a guide groove formed in the gate body by driving a first cylinder to open and close the hopper outlet; A second slide gate slidingly moved along a guide groove formed in the gate body by a second cylinder driving to form a temporary storage hopper between the first slide gate; And It further includes an air removal means for maintaining the oxygen-free atmosphere inside the pyrolysis chamber by removing the external air introduced into the temporary storage hopper from the outside and the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis chamber to the temporary storage hopper. Continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus, characterized in that. The method of claim 3, wherein the first and second slide gates; An extension guide extending from the guide body to support the slider from the guide groove so that the slider slides in a horizontal direction; Airtight holding means comprising a ball for holding the slider against the body by holding the slider upper surface sliding along the guide groove formed in the gate body and the extension guide to maintain the airtightness and an elastic member elastically supporting the ball; And And a guider coupled to a coupling groove formed between the bottom surface of the slider and the contact surface of the extension guide and preventing friction between the gate body and the slider during movement of the slider. The continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the material of the guider is formed to be relatively softer than the material of the slider to prevent the slider from being damaged due to friction during movement of the slider. The method according to claim 3 or claim 4, It is mounted to the gate body in communication with the guide grooves of the first and second slide gates, characterized in that it further comprises a foreign material to remove the foreign matter collected from the guide groove when the slider moves. Continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermal decomposition chamber; A cross-sectional area is formed in a circular shape, and a gas backflow prevention section for preventing backflow of pyrolysis gas by minimizing a gap between a transfer screw and the pyrolysis chamber inlet and outlet casing; And Comprising a pyrolysis space consisting of a transport space formed in the lower portion to transfer the waste when driving the transfer screw, and a retention space formed on the upper side to retain the pyrolysis gas evaporated during the pyrolysis of the waste to be transported and dried. Continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis device characterized in that. 8. The continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1,2 and 7, wherein the pyrolysis chamber is formed in a circular, elliptical or streamline shape in cross-sectional area. The continuous liquid phase of claim 1, wherein the driving motor used as the driving means is any one selected from a VS motor, a DC motor, and a geared motor equipped with an inverter to adjust the rotational speed of the transfer screw. And solid waste pyrolysis apparatus. A first step of mixing the combustible solid and liquid wastes which are pulverized and sorted and supplied by a mixer; A second step of forcibly discharging waste introduced into the hopper from the hopper by an automatic input device and removing external air introduced along the waste; A third step of transferring, melting, and vaporizing waste introduced into the pyrolysis chamber from the hopper by a transfer screw, and continuously decomposing waste by indirect heating by maintaining an atmosphere of high temperature and low oxygen; Combustion of non-condensed gas that is not condensed in the pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis of waste to continuously dry and pyrolyze the waste introduced into the pyrolysis chamber to supply heat of 300 to 500 ° C inside the pyrolysis chamber. Step 4; A pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis chamber passes through a desulfurization, denitrification and dechlorination apparatus, and generates a light oil and heavy oil according to a boiling point in a distillation column after catalysis to use as an initial fuel when the combustion chamber is operated; And Continuously discharging the ashes pyrolyzed from the pyrolysis chamber, a continuous liquid phase characterized in that it comprises a sixth step of removing the external air introduced from the outside and the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis chamber Solid waste pyrolysis method. The continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis method according to claim 10, wherein a temperature in the pyrolysis chamber for drying and pyrolyzing the waste is maintained at 300 to 500 ° C. The method of claim 10, wherein the thermal energy discharged from the pyrolysis chamber to 400 ~ 500 ℃ supply to the steam boiler to convert to a steam state, rotate the turbine as a converted steam, converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy during rotation of the turbine Continuous liquid and solid waste pyrolysis method, characterized in that for use as power. 11. The continuous liquid phase of claim 10, wherein nitrogriserine, sulfur, anthracite, activated carbon, sodium saccharin, gunpowder, borax, silicon, alumina nitrate, glue are used as the catalyst used in the fifth step. Solid waste pyrolysis method.

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