KR100502975B1 - Automatic grade seletion system using load-cell components and its grade selection method using its system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high speed sorting apparatus for plant nutrients and a high speed sorting method using the apparatus.

Plants that accumulate nutrients in roots and stems, such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, and hemp, vary in form and size of products, unlike fruit plants such as tangerines, persimmons, and apples. In particular, it has a variety of shapes and weights ranging from long elongated structure to elliptical shape.The most automated device is to form through-holes by size in the hollow drum and to sort through the through-holes in order, or to measure by weight while loading them into a cup. to be. However, these devices also have a long lumbar spine through the hole as it is uneven in size, surface damage occurs during the pass, the cup conveyor system has a disadvantage that the speed is slow and expensive.

The present invention uses a load cell used for weighing, but the plant nutrients having a variety of shapes and sizes before contacting the load cell is installed so as to vary the speed of the diffusion alignment unit to generate a precise signal by appropriately contacting the load cell, and then the potato We developed a high-speed grading system for plant nutrients and a high-speed grading method using this device to detect the impact force according to the speed that is progressing by a load cell, and then select and discharge it to an appropriate grade based on this signal. In particular, it is possible to produce at low cost while minimizing errors generated while the speed is progressing at a high speed.

Description

Automatic grade seletion system using load-cell components and its grade selection method using its system}

The present invention relates to a high speed automatic grading apparatus for atypical plant nutrients having irregular shapes such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, and horses, and a high speed potato grading method using the apparatus.

Unlike other apples, pears, persimmons, and onions, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and horses are not uniform in size and shape, scattered with irregularities, ovals, and polyhedrons, and their weight is not uniform. Therefore, the most widely used sorting device is to form a through hole by the size of the hollow drum to pass through the potato here is to separate the passage through the hole for their size separately. Although this device is the cheapest and most effective, if the shape of the potato is conical, even though the cross-sectional area is small, the weight and size are significantly different, but through the through-hole, the product of non-uniform size is mixed.

Another method is to use a cup conveyor belt with a weight-measured means that the cups are continuously loaded with potatoes, sweet potatoes, etc., and then reach a certain place by tilting the cups to separate them. However, the size of the potatoes, sweet potatoes, horses, etc. is up to 18 cm, the cup should be at least 20 cm. In addition, in order to perform more than three high speed sorting per second, the feeding speed of the cup must be at least 0.9m / s.

The present invention is to provide a screening system that can minimize the damage of nutrients of potatoes, sweet potatoes, dorsal root and vine plants at the same time as high-speed screening.

The present invention also provides a low cost installation without expensive equipment installation cost, such as a cup conveyor.

The present invention also provides a system that minimizes the incidence of selection failure even if high-speed screening is made.

The present invention also provides the above-described high-speed classification apparatus, which operates the interrupt routine by the sensor signal when the second and third motors are driven to perform the interrupt routine required by the interrupt signal generation even if the entire routine is not performed. Potato grading method is also provided to enable fast potato grading.

The present invention provides a foreign material removal guide for removing various foreign matters adhered to the surface after harvesting the nutrients of sweet potatoes, potatoes, hemps and vine plants, a diffusion sorting unit for diffusing and sorting the removed foreign potatoes, diffused sorted potatoes They are composed of a weighing unit for measuring the weight by contacting a weight sensor such as a load cell at a constant speed and a sorting discharge unit for sorting by grade according to the measured weight.

The high speed classification method of the present invention provides a start signal to the control unit so that the control unit is operated to prepare the separation ejectors in the initial stages, respectively.

Detecting the signal generated when the plant nutrients collide with the weight sensor installed in the fourth stage to calculate the grade of the potato currently contacted and loaded,

When the grade is determined, the sequence determining step of determining the forward and reverse rotation direction of each electric motor to set the overall operating sequence,

Primary separation and discharging step of driving the motor according to the information of the sequence determination step to drop the load to any one of the left and right secondary discharger,

When the interrupt signal is generated by the primary separation and discharging step, the processor control is transferred to the interrupt routine 1 to stop the operation of the first electric motor and to supply the rotation signal for the second electric motor or the third electric motor, and then return to the original state. A second discharge step to recover to the routine,

When an interrupt signal is generated by the operation of the second or third electric motor, processor control is transferred to interrupt routine 2 to stop the operation of the motor to complete the second discharge and return to the original routine.

When the goods loading is completed, it consists of a high-speed potato grading method, which consists of finishing all operations, returning to the initial preparation stage, and waiting.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention will also be described as a representative example of a potato among various plants in which nutrients are accumulated in the roots or stems of sweet potatoes, potatoes, horses, etc., and other plant nutrients can be applied to the same by using the apparatus of the present invention. There is no particular restriction.

1 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the present invention, Figure 2 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the foreign material removal guide portion and the diffusion guide of the present invention, Figure 3 is a multi-stage alignment of the present invention only Partial enlarged perspective view, Figure 4 is a partially enlarged perspective view of only the separated discharge portion of the present invention, Figure 5 is a perspective view of the separated state of the separated discharge portion of the present invention, Figure 6 is a side view of the separated discharge portion of the present invention, 7 is a plan view of the separation and discharging unit of the present invention, FIG. 8 is a front view of the separation and discharging unit of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the separation and discharging unit of the separation and discharging unit of the present invention. 10 is a flow chart showing the operation sequence of the system of the present invention.

The present invention is a brush roller (1) (1a) in which an elastic hair (b) is placed on the surface portion is a foreign material removal guide portion that is arranged in parallel so as to be rotatable by the guide plate (2), the foreign material removal guide portion described above Diffusion guide unit to move while spreading the plant fallen from the foreign matter removal guide unit by rotating the flat belt 22 in the endless orbit method, just below the extreme end,

The two-stage right and right belts 23a and 23b, which are arranged just below the final end of the diffusion guide portion, have a V-shaped cross-sectional structure, a two-stage alignment portion 23, and a V-shape having the same shape as the two-stage alignment portion. The three-stage alignment part 24 in which the three-stage left and right flat belts 24a and 24b are arranged in a cross-sectional structure, and the four-stage alignment part 25 in which the four-stage right and right belts 25a and 25b are arranged in succession are described above. Arranged so as to vertically intersect with one diffusion guide, and arranged in a step-like shape so that the height of each stage is lowered from the second stage to the fourth stage, and the alignment unit configured so that the flat belt driving speed is installed on the left and right sides of each stage,

A flat plate 32 having the elastic material 31 attached to the final end of the fourth stage 25, which is the final stage of the alignment unit, is installed at a predetermined distance, and the flat plate is connected to the weight sensor 33, A weighing unit configured to measure the impact amount of the plant nutrient colliding with the electric signal and transmit the same to the central computing device;

When the plant is measured by the impact amount of the plant of a certain weight by the weight measuring unit described above, the plant dropped to the first separation ejector 43 according to the separation criteria of the left and right secondary separation ejectors 45, 45a It is to be discharged to either side, the secondary separation discharger relates to a high-speed grading apparatus of atypical plant nutrients consisting of a sorting discharge unit to drop the loaded plant nutrients to the product box 50.

Rollers (1) (1a) installed in the foreign material removal guide in the present invention, as shown in Figure 2 rollers (1) (1a) installed in the foreign material removal guide is the power of the first drive motor 60 It is transmitted by the power transmission mechanism 61 to rotate, and the flat belt 22 of the diffusion guide portion to receive the driving force of the second drive motor 63 by the power transmission mechanism 64 to rotate. Considering that high-speed screening requires at least three separate screenings per second, it should be adjusted appropriately according to the quantity of potatoes to be selected and shipping conditions.

The elastic hair (b) installed on the surface of the roller from the foreign material removal guide part is for removing soil, plants, etc. attached to the surface of the potato, and the adjustment of elasticity depends on the type and strength as long as it does not damage the surface of the potato. It is not particularly limited and may be optionally used.

In the present invention, the diffusion guide portion is to move to the next stage by releasing the overlapping state between the potatoes by the flat belt 22 to move forward while placing the plant (potato, sweet potato, etc.) dropped from the foreign matter removing unit wide along the plane Unlike the power of the first drive motor 60 of the foreign matter removal guide portion, the diffusion guide unit receives the driving force of the second drive motor 63 by the power transmission mechanism 64 to drive independently. Operation of the foreign matter removal guide portion and the diffusion guide portion is controlled by the speed of the central computing device not shown. In the present invention, the alignment portion is perpendicular to the flat belt traveling direction at the end of the diffusion guide portion as shown in FIG. Thus, the two-stage alignment unit 23, the three-stage alignment unit 24, and the four-stage alignment unit 25 having a V-shape are sequentially arranged in a staircase shape. The two-stage alignment unit 23 has a structure in which the two-stage right and right belts 23a and 23b driven by the third driving motor 23c and the fourth driving motor 23d are arranged in a V shape. The two-stage right right belt 23a and 23b rotation speed is faster than that of the diffusion guide portion, and the fifth drive motor 24c and the sixth drive motor 23d of the three-stage alignment section 24 that are connected in succession. The three-stage right and left flat belts 24a and 24b driven by are set to rotate later than the two-stage alignment unit described above. Subsequently, the four-stage alignment unit 25 arranges the four-stage right and right belts 25a and 25b, which are driven by the seventh driving motor 25c and the eighth driving motor 25d, in a V-shape, and the rotation speed thereof. Is set faster than the three-stage right and left flat belts 24a and 24b driven by the fifth drive motor 24c and the sixth drive motor 24d. In the present invention, the diffusion guide unit, the two-stage alignment unit, Changing the rotational speed of the three-stage alignment section and the four-stage alignment section differently allows the arrangement to be arranged in a row through the two-stage and three-stage alignment sections even when several plants fall due to overlapping plants in the diffusion guide section. Wealth again gives a certain distance between plants.

Specifically, the three-stage alignment unit sets the forward speed slower than the two-stage alignment unit, and uses the acceleration of the plant dropped from the two-stage alignment unit to rotate directly behind the plant loaded in front of it. Therefore, even if the plant is advanced at a distance between the two-stage alignment unit by the rotation in the third stage to enable the close movement between the plants.

The four-stage alignment unit 25 is set at a faster speed than the three-stage alignment unit so that the plants, which are advanced by being in close contact with each other in the three-stage alignment unit, are advanced at intervals that are separated by a speed difference. Arranging the plants at a certain distance from the four-stage alignment unit is to minimize the risk of measurement error that occurs when the plants come in contact with the weight sensor of the weighing unit without time difference.

In the present invention, as shown in Figs. 5 to 9, the weighing unit is provided with a flat plate 32 attached with an elastic material 31 to the extent that it can collide with the plant falling from the far end of the four-stage alignment unit, and on the rear of the flat plate By means of a separate connection, a sensing unit such as a weight sensor (mainly load cell) 33 was installed. The weight sensor detects the output signal corresponding to the amount of collision energy in the weight sensor as the speed energy is converted into collision energy as the potato advances from the four-stage alignment part and collides with the plate. . Dynamically, the force exerted on the weight sensor in a short time collision is proportional to the linear momentum of the potato and inversely proportional to the collision time. Therefore, the linear momentum of the potato is proportional to the mass of the potato, so that the grade can be classified.

Another feature of the present invention is the variety of plant nutrients such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, and horses, ranging from round to long cones. Therefore, when the collision energy transmitted when colliding the plate is long, the impact time is different when the shape of the potato is elongated and when it collides in the width direction. A problem occurred. This problem has almost been solved by attaching elastic substrates (foam buffers such as sponges) with a certain thickness to the plate. The classification method based on the load cell output value uses a method of classifying the class by the maximum peak value of the signal (Patent Application No. 2000-62898 of the present inventor).

In the present invention, the sorting discharge part is fastened to the center of the electric shaft of the first electric motor 41 is partitioned between the two front and rear disks (43b, 43c) partition plate 42d to form a loading space 43a The first separation discharger 43 is arranged so as to be forward and reverse rotation directly below the flat plate 32 of the weighing unit, and to load the plant separated and discharged to the left and right by the forward and reverse rotation of the first separation discharger described above. The plant of the first separation discharger is configured such that the left and right secondary separation dischargers 45 and 45a having the same structure as the first separation discharger can be rotated forward and backward by the second electric motor 47 and the third electric motor 48. It is installed in a position facing each other on the left and right sides to be a dropping position, and the disc-shaped flat plate 43-2 having the slit 43-1 is fixed to the transmission shaft of the first electric motor of the first separation discharger 43. In each of these slits, a sensor (43-3) is to be installed so that the The present position signal of the flat is detected, and the left and right secondary separation ejectors 45 and 45a are also provided with a disc-like flat plate and a sensor of the same type as the first separation ejector so as to detect the current position signal, respectively. .

In the present invention, a specific structure of the first separation ejector 43 is provided in pairs with slits 43-1 at a predetermined distance on the disk-like flat as shown in FIG. And the left and right secondary separation discharger (45, 45a) is installed in the same manner as this. When the electric shaft of the first electric motor rotates, the disk-shaped flat (43-2) also rotates together, the sensor (43) -3) is fixed in reverse. Accordingly, the sensor signal is generated while the slit 43-1 passes through the sensor, and the signal is transmitted to the central processing unit, so that the current position of the separate discharger is determined. The sensor installed in the slit can use the optical sensor in the most common form, and various sensors such as hall sensors and magnetic sensors are available.

In the present invention, the operation relationship of the sorting discharge unit is operated as shown in the flowchart shown in FIG.

Specifically, when the operating power to the device is input, the first separation ejector 43 and the left and right secondary separation ejectors 45 are supplied to the input / output device by a program of the memory unit by a central processing unit such as a microprocessor or a personal computer. Preparatory step (100) to position each of the (45a) to the initial stage,

When the plant collides with the weight sensor installed in the four-stage alignment unit detects the weight sensing signal (110) to calculate the grade of the contacted plant according to the signal value (110),

When the grade is determined, the sequence determination step 120 of determining the forward and reverse rotation directions of the first electric motor 41, the second electric motor 47 and the third electric motor 48 to set the overall operation sequence,

Rotating the first electric motor 41 according to the information of the sequencing step to drop the potatoes loaded in the first separation discharger 43 to any one of the determined left and right secondary dischargers 45, 45a. Primary separation discharge step (130),

As the loaded plant falls by the primary separation and discharge step, the disk-shaped flat plate 43-2 is rotated by the operation of the first electric motor, and the interrupt signal is transmitted through the sensor 43-2 installed in the slit 43-1. If so, transfer control to the interrupt routine 1 (200) to stop the operation of the first electric motor, supply the rotation signal for the second electric motor 47 or the third electric motor 48, and then return to the original routine. A second discharge step 140 to recover;

When an interrupt signal is generated from the sensor 45-2 or 45a-2 having the same structure as that installed in the first electric motor by the operation of the second or third electric motor, the processor control is interrupted. In step 150, the operation of the second or third electric motor is stopped to complete the second discharge and return to the original routine (150).

When the goods loading is completed, the operation is completed, and the step 160 to return to the initial preparation step 100 to wait.

In the present invention, the primary separation discharge step 130 from step 100 is a routine that proceeds in sequence as shown in the figure, and is interrupted by the rotation of the second electric motor or the third electric motor during this routine. When the signal is generated through the sensor 43-2, the routines from step 100 to 130 are interrupted and the second electric motor or the third electric motor is operated in accordance with the sequence signal determined in the interrupt.

Likewise, when a signal is generated from the sensor 45-2 or 43-2, the routine proceeds to the routine of interrupt routine 2, and the routine of steps 100 to 130 proceeds until the operation of interrupt routine 2 is completed. Stop.

In the present invention, the interrupt routine 1 (200) and the interrupt routine 2 (300) can be operated efficiently according to the generation of the interrupt signal from the sensor, regardless of which routine occurs first after the operation of the first electric motor. Allow processing.

The main feature of such a process is that if the processing proceeds sequentially from the step 100 to the end, the processing time becomes longer until one processing cycle is completed, and as a result, the capacity for 3 or more high-speed processing per second falls. That is, it performs only the operation of the first electric motor by the signal detected by the initial weight sensor, and the rest of the detailed classification is not necessary to perform the whole routine but only when potatoes belonging to the corresponding classification are loaded. It is a routine so that interrupt signal is generated only when necessary and processed. Therefore, high-speed processing is possible immediately without the need for the entire routine cycle, so that the desired high-speed processing is possible.

The present invention is very simple and malfunctions to install and operate by dropping to the product box selected by weight if detected by the weight sensor if there is a certain weight regardless of the shape or size of plant nutrients such as potatoes, sweet potatoes There is little risk of it.

In addition, the present invention, even if the form of the plant nutrients from the spherical form, it is possible to accurately separate according to the weight, but no damage to the surface of the potato.

In particular, the present invention, when performing a continuous routine from the selection of plant nutrients to the loading of the final product box, the operation of the first electric motor is a process that must go through all grades of potatoes, but The finer classification allowed an interrupt routine to be installed in the middle so that it only works when needed, and only when an interrupt signal is generated. Therefore, it is possible to operate the second third electric motor required if necessary to enable high-speed, high-efficiency product loading.

1 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the present invention,

Figure 2 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the foreign material removal guide portion and the diffusion guide of the present invention,

3 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the multi-stage alignment unit of the present invention;

4 is a partially enlarged perspective view of only the weight measuring part and the selective discharge part of the present invention;

5 is a perspective view of a separated state of only the selective discharge of the present invention, Figure 6 is a side view of the selective discharge of the present invention, Figure 7 is a plan view of the selective discharge of the present invention, Figure 8 is a front view of the selective discharge of the present invention. 9 is a perspective view of a separate discharge unit of the selective discharge of the present invention, Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the operating sequence of the system of the present invention.

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<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1, 1a: roller 2: front and rear guide plate 21: 1 stage 22: flat belt 23: 2 stage 24: 3 stage 25: 4 stage 31: elastic material 32: flat plate 33: weight detection sensor 41: first electric motor 42: Electric shaft 43: First separate discharger 45.45a: Left and right secondary separate discharger 47, 48: Second, third electric motor 50: Product box

Claims (7)

And the foreign matter removal guide unit arranged in parallel so that the brush roller (1) (1a), the elastic hair (b) is placed in the surface portion can be rotated by the guide plate (2), Diffusion guide part for moving the flat belt 22 is rotated in an endless orbit manner immediately below the outermost end of the foreign material removal guide portion while spreading the plant fallen from the foreign matter removal guide portion, The two-stage right and right belts 23a and 23b, which are arranged just below the final end of the diffusion guide portion, have a V-shaped cross-sectional structure, a two-stage alignment portion 23, and a V-shape having the same shape as the two-stage alignment portion. The three-stage alignment part 24 in which the three-stage left and right flat belts 24a and 24b are arranged in a cross-sectional structure, and the four-stage alignment part 25 in which the four-stage right and right belts 25a and 25b are arranged in succession are described above. Arranged so as to vertically intersect with one diffusion guide, and arranged in a step-like shape so that the height of each stage is lowered from the second stage to the fourth stage, and the alignment unit configured so that the flat belt driving speed is installed on the left and right sides of each stage, A flat plate 32 having the elastic material 31 attached to the final end of the fourth stage 25, which is the final stage of the alignment unit, is installed at a predetermined distance, and the flat plate is connected to the weight sensor 33, A weighing unit configured to measure the impact amount of the plant nutrient colliding with the electric signal and transmit the same to the central computing device; When the plant is measured by the impact amount of the plant of a certain weight by the weight measuring unit described above, the plant dropped to the first separation ejector 43 according to the separation criteria of the left and right secondary separation ejectors 45, 45a A high-speed grading apparatus for atypical plant nutrients, consisting of a sorting discharge unit for dropping the loaded plant nutrients into a commodity box 50 in a secondary separation discharger. The method of claim 1, Rollers (1) (1a) are installed in the foreign material removal guide portion to rotate by receiving the power of the first drive motor 60 by the power transmission mechanism (61), High speed grading device of atypical plant nutrients, characterized in that the flat belt (22) of the diffusion guide portion to rotate by receiving the driving force of the second drive motor (63) by the power transmission mechanism (64). The method of claim 1, The rotational speed of the two-stage right and right belts 23a and 23b driven by the third driving motor 23c and the fourth driving motor 23d of the two-stage alignment unit 23 is equal to that of the three-stage alignment unit 24. It is set slower than the three stage left and right flat belts 24a and 24b driven by the fifth drive motor 24c and the sixth drive motor 24d. The rotational speed of the four-stage right right belts 25a and 25b driven by the seventh drive motor 25c and the eighth drive motor 25d of the four-stage alignment unit 25 is the fifth drive motor 24c described above. And a three-stage right and left right belt (24a) (24b) driven by the sixth drive motor (24d) and high-speed classification device of atypical plant nutrients. The method of claim 1, The weighing unit is mounted on the final stage of the four-stage alignment unit 25 and installs a flat plate 32 so as to be able to collide with the falling plant. The rear surface of the flat plate is connected to the sensing unit of the weight sensor 33. High-speed grading apparatus of atypical plant nutrients, characterized in that for transmitting the impact amount of the impacted plants to the central computing device. The method of claim 1, Separation discharge part is the first separation in which the transmission shaft of the first electric motor 41 is fastened to the center portion and partitioned by a partition plate 42d between two front and rear disks 43b and 43c to form a loading space 43a. Discharger 43 is arranged to be capable of forward and reverse rotation directly below the flat plate 32 of the weighing unit, The second electric motor 47 has a second electric discharger 47 having the same left and right secondary separation dischargers 45 and 45a having the same structure as the first separation discharger so that the plants separated and discharged left and right by the forward and reverse rotation of the first separation discharger can be loaded. ) And the third electric motor 48 are installed at positions facing each other on the left and right sides, which are the plant dropping positions of the first separation ejector so as to be capable of forward and reverse rotation. The disc-shaped flat plate 43-2 having the slit 43-1 is fixed to the transmission shaft of the first electric motor of the first separation ejector 43, and a sensor 43-3 is installed in each of the slits. In order to detect the current position signal of the flat from the sensor according to the rotation of the disc-shaped flat plate, the disc-shaped flat plate and the sensor of the same type as the above-mentioned first separation ejector are installed in the left and right secondary separation ejectors 45 and 45a. A high-speed grading apparatus for atypical plant nutrients, characterized by detecting each current position signal. When the operating power to the device is input, it is supplied to the input / output device by a program of the memory unit by a central processing unit such as a microprocessor or a personal computer to supply the first separation ejector 43 and the left and right secondary separation ejectors 45 and 45a. Preparatory step (100) to place each of the initial stages, When the plant collides with the weight sensor of the weighing unit and detects a signal, the signal value is transmitted to the central computing unit, and the central processing unit calculates the grade of the contacted plant based on the impact amount (110). When the grade is determined, the sequence determination step 120 of determining the forward and reverse rotation directions of the first electric motor 41, the second electric motor 47 and the third electric motor 48 to set the overall operation sequence, Rotating the first electric motor 41 according to the information of the sequencing step to drop the plants loaded in the first separation discharger 43 to any one of the left and right secondary dischargers 45, 45a. Primary separation discharge step (130), As the loaded plant falls by the primary separation and discharge step, the disk-shaped flat plate 43-2 is rotated by the operation of the first electric motor, and the interrupt signal is transmitted through the sensor 43-2 installed in the slit 43-1. If so, transfer control to the interrupt routine 1 (200) to stop the operation of the first electric motor, supply the rotation signal for the second electric motor 47 or the third electric motor 48, and then return to the original routine. A second discharge step 140 to recover; When an interrupt signal is generated from the sensor 45-2 or 45a-2 having the same structure as that installed in the first electric motor by the operation of the second or third electric motor, the processor control is interrupted. In step 150, the operation of the second or third electric motor is stopped to complete the second discharge and return to the original routine (150). When the product loading is completed, all the operations are completed, the high-speed classification method of atypical plant nutrients consisting of a step (160) to return to the initial preparation step (100). The method of claim 6, After the primary separation and discharging step 130, an interrupt signal is generated through the sensor 43-2 installed in the slit 43-1 by the operation of the first electric motor, or the second and third electric motors have the same structure. When an interrupt signal is generated from the sensor 45-2 or 45a-2 installed in the motor, the interrupt routine 1 (200) or the interrupt routine 2 (300) is sent to the second discharge step 140 or the recovery step 150. A high speed grading method of phytonutrients, characterized in that it is possible to selectively proceed at any stage.