JPWO2019208110A1 - Electrolyte slurry composition, method for manufacturing electrolyte sheet, and method for manufacturing secondary battery - Google Patents

Abstract

One or more kinds of polymers, oxide particles, at least one electrolyte salt selected from the group consisting of lithium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt, and magnesium salt, and represented by the following general formula (10). The organic solvent contains at least one of the compound and the ionic liquid and an organic solvent, and the temperature at which the mass reduction rate of 95% when the temperature is raised at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min is 120 ° C. or lower. The electrolyte slurry composition is disclosed. RAO- (CH2CH2O) y-RB (10) [In formula (10), RA and RB each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and y represents an integer of 1 to 6. ]

Description

The present invention relates to an electrolyte slurry composition, a method for producing an electrolyte sheet, and a method for producing a secondary battery.

In recent years, with the spread of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, etc., high-performance secondary batteries are required. Among them, the lithium secondary battery has a high energy density, and is therefore attracting attention as a power source for electric vehicle batteries, power storage batteries, and the like. Specifically, lithium secondary batteries as batteries for electric vehicles include zero-emission electric vehicles that do not have an engine, hybrid electric vehicles that have both an engine and a secondary battery, and plug-in hybrids that charge directly from the power system. It is used in electric vehicles such as electric vehicles. Further, a lithium secondary battery as a power storage battery is used in a stationary power storage system or the like that supplies power stored in advance in an emergency when the power system is cut off.

Lithium secondary batteries with higher energy densities are required and are being developed for use in such a wide range of applications. In particular, lithium secondary batteries for electric vehicles are required to have high safety in addition to high input / output characteristics and high energy density, and therefore, more advanced technology for ensuring safety is required. Conventionally, as a method for improving the safety of a lithium secondary battery, a method of gelling a component used in an electrolytic solution to form a gel electrolyte and the like are known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-164254 JP-A-2007-141467

By the way, the electrolyte layer formed from the electrolyte is required to have improved mechanical strength from the viewpoint of weight reduction and thinning of the lithium secondary battery. However, the electrolyte layer formed from the gel electrolyte is not sufficient in terms of strength, and there is still room for improvement.

Therefore, it is a main object of the present invention to provide an electrolyte slurry composition capable of forming an electrolyte layer having excellent strength.

A first aspect of the present invention comprises one or more polymers, oxide particles, and at least one electrolyte salt selected from the group consisting of lithium salts, sodium salts, calcium salts, and magnesium salts. It contains at least one of a compound represented by the following general formula (10) (hereinafter, may be referred to as “glime”), an ionic liquid, and an organic solvent, and the temperature rise rate of the organic solvent is 5 ° C./min. This is an electrolyte slurry composition having a temperature at which the mass reduction rate is 95% when the temperature is raised in (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “mass reduction rate 95% temperature”) of 120 ° C. or lower.
^{_{R A O- (CH 2 CH 2}} O) y -R B (10)
Wherein (10), ^{R A} and ^{R B} each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, y is an integer of 1-6. ]

The oxide particles are preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of _{SiO 2} , Al ₂ O ₃ , AlOOH, MgO, CaO, ZrO ₂ , TiO ₂ , Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ , and BaTIO _3. It is a particle.

The ionic liquid preferably contains, as a cation component, at least one selected from the group consisting of a chain quaternary onium cation, a piperidinium cation, a pyrrolidinium cation, a pyridinium cation, and an imidazolium cation.

The ionic liquid preferably contains at least one anionic component represented by the following general formula (A) as an anionic component.
N (SO ₂ C _m F _{2 m + 1} ) (SO ₂ C _n F _{2n + 1} ) ^- (A)
[In the formula (A), m and n each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5. ]

The polymer has a first structural unit preferably selected from the group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoride and vinylidene fluoride.

The polymer preferably contains, among the structural units constituting the polymer, a first structural unit and a second structural unit selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, acrylic acid, maleic acid, ethyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate. Is included.

The electrolyte salt is preferably an imide-based lithium salt.

The compound represented by the general formula (10) preferably contains tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

A second aspect of the present invention includes a step of arranging the above-mentioned electrolyte slurry composition on a base material, and a step of removing an organic solvent from the arranged electrolyte slurry composition to form an electrolyte layer on the base material. , Is a method for producing an electrolyte sheet.

A third aspect of the present invention includes a step of forming a positive electrode mixture layer on a positive electrode current collector to obtain a positive electrode, and a step of forming a negative electrode mixture layer on a negative electrode current collector to obtain a negative electrode, as described above. This is a method for manufacturing a secondary battery, comprising a step of arranging an electrolyte layer of the electrolyte sheet obtained by the above manufacturing method between a positive electrode and a negative electrode.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an electrolyte slurry composition capable of forming an electrolyte layer having excellent strength. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing an electrolyte sheet using such an electrolyte slurry composition. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing a secondary battery using an electrolyte sheet produced from an electrolyte slurry composition.

It is a perspective view which shows the secondary battery which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is an exploded perspective view which shows one Embodiment of the electrode group in the secondary battery shown in FIG. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows one Embodiment of the electrode group in the secondary battery shown in FIG. (A) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrolyte sheet according to one embodiment, and (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrolyte sheet according to another embodiment. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows one Embodiment of the electrode group in the secondary battery which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In the following embodiments, the components (including steps and the like) are not essential unless otherwise specified. The sizes of the components in each figure are conceptual, and the relative size relationships between the components are not limited to those shown in each figure.

Numerical values and their ranges herein are not intended to limit the present invention. In the present specification, the numerical range indicated by using "~" indicates a range including the numerical values before and after "~" as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively. In the numerical range described stepwise in the present specification, the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in one numerical range may be replaced with the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in another stepwise description. Further, in the numerical range described in the present specification, the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a secondary battery according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the secondary battery 1 includes an electrode group 2 composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer, and a bag-shaped battery exterior body 3 accommodating the electrode group 2. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are provided with a positive electrode current collecting tab 4 and a negative electrode current collecting tab 5, respectively. The positive electrode current collecting tab 4 and the negative electrode current collecting tab 5 project from the inside to the outside of the battery exterior 3 so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be electrically connected to the outside of the secondary battery 1, respectively.

The battery exterior 3 may be formed of, for example, a laminated film. The laminated film may be, for example, a laminated film in which a resin film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a metal foil such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel, and a sealant layer such as polypropylene are laminated in this order.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of the electrode group 2 in the secondary battery 1 shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the electrode group 2 in the secondary battery 1 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the electrode group 2A according to the present embodiment includes a positive electrode 6, an electrolyte layer 7, and a negative electrode 8 in this order. The positive electrode 6 includes a positive electrode current collector 9 and a positive electrode mixture layer 10 provided on the positive electrode current collector 9. The positive electrode current collector 9 is provided with a positive electrode current collector tab 4. The negative electrode 8 includes a negative electrode current collector 11 and a negative electrode mixture layer 12 provided on the negative electrode current collector 11. The negative electrode current collector 11 is provided with a negative electrode current collector tab 5.

The positive electrode current collector 9 may be made of aluminum, stainless steel, titanium or the like. Specifically, the positive electrode current collector 9 may be, for example, an aluminum perforated foil having holes with a hole diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm, an expanded metal, a foamed metal plate, or the like. In addition to the above, the positive electrode current collector 9 may be made of any material as long as it does not cause changes such as dissolution and oxidation during use of the battery, and its shape, manufacturing method, etc. Not limited.

The thickness of the positive electrode current collector 9 may be 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or more and 50 μm or less from the viewpoint of reducing the volume of the entire positive electrode, and the positive electrode is wound with a small curvature when forming a battery. From the viewpoint of turning, it is more preferably 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

In one embodiment, the positive electrode mixture layer 10 contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder.

The positive electrode active material may be a lithium transition metal compound such as a lithium transition metal oxide or a lithium transition metal phosphate.

The lithium transition metal oxide may be, for example, lithium manganate, lithium nickel oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, or the like. The lithium transition metal oxide is a part of transition metals such as Mn, Ni, and Co contained in lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, lithium cobalt, etc., which is one or more other transition metals, or two or more other transition metals. It may be a lithium transition metal oxide substituted with a metal element (typical element) such as Mg or Al. That is, the lithium transition metal oxide may be a compound represented by ^LiM 1 _{O 2} or ^{LiM ₁} 2 _O 4 ^(M ₁ comprises at least one transition metal). Specifically, the lithium transition metal oxides are Li (Co _1/3 Ni _1/3 Mn _1/3 ) O ₂ , LiNi _1/2 Mn _1/2 O ₂ , and LiNi _1/2 Mn _3/2 O. It may be _{4 mag.}

The lithium transition metal oxide is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1) from the viewpoint of further improving the energy density.
Li _a Ni _b Co _c M ² _d O _{2 + e} (1)
[In the formula (1), M ² is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Mn, Mg, and Ca, and a, b, c, d, and e are 0.2 ≦ a ≦, respectively. A number that satisfies 1.2, 0.5 ≦ b ≦ 0.9, 0.1 ≦ c ≦ 0.4, 0 ≦ d ≦ 0.2, −0.2 ≦ e ≦ 0.2, and b + c + d = 1. Is. ]

Lithium transition metal phosphates are LiFePO ₄ , LiMnPO ₄ , LiMn _x M ³ _1-x PO ₄ (0.3 ≦ x ≦ 1, M ³ are Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mg, and It may be at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr) and the like.

The positive electrode active material may be primary particles that have not been granulated, or secondary particles that have been granulated.

The particle size of the positive electrode active material is adjusted so as to be equal to or less than the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 10. When there are coarse particles having a particle size equal to or larger than the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 10 in the positive electrode active material, the coarse particles are removed in advance by sieving classification, wind flow classification, etc., and the particles are equal to or less than the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 10. A positive electrode active material having a diameter is selected.

The average particle size of the positive electrode active material is 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 1 μm or more. Further, it is preferably 30 μm or less, and more preferably 25 μm or less. The average particle size of the positive electrode active material is the particle size (D50) when the ratio (volume fraction) to the volume of the entire positive electrode active material is 50%. The average particle size (D50) of the positive electrode active material is measured by using a laser scattering type particle size measuring device (for example, Microtrac) to measure a suspension in which the positive electrode active material is suspended in water by a laser scattering method. Obtained at.

The content of the positive electrode active material may be 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 85% by mass or more based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer. The content of the positive electrode active material may be 95% by mass or less, 92% by mass or less, or 90% by mass or less based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer.

The conductive agent is not particularly limited, and may be a carbon material such as graphite, acetylene black, carbon black, carbon fiber, or carbon nanotube. The conductive agent may be a mixture of two or more of the above-mentioned carbon materials.

The content of the conductive agent may be 0.1% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, or 3% by mass or more based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer. The content of the conductive agent is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer, from the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in the volume of the positive electrode 6 and the accompanying decrease in the energy density of the secondary battery 1. It is 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less.

The binder is not limited as long as it does not decompose on the surface of the positive electrode 6, but is selected from the group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoride, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, acrylic acid, maleic acid, ethyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate. It may be a polymer containing at least one of these as a monomer unit, a rubber such as styrene-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, or acrylic rubber. The binder is preferably a copolyma containing ethylene tetrafluoride and vinylidene fluoride as structural units.

The content of the binder may be 0.5% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, or 3% by mass or more based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer. The content of the binder may be 20% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, or 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer.

The positive electrode mixture layer 10 may further contain an ionic liquid.

As the ionic liquid, the ionic liquid used in the electrolyte slurry composition described later can be used. The content of the ionic liquid contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 is preferably 3% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, still more preferably 10% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer. The content of the ionic liquid contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer.

An electrolyte salt may be dissolved in the ionic liquid contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 10. As the electrolyte salt, the electrolyte salt used in the electrolyte slurry composition described later can be used.

The thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 10 is a thickness equal to or larger than the average particle size of the positive electrode active material from the viewpoint of further improving the conductivity, and specifically, is 10 μm or more, 15 μm or more, or 20 μm or more. Good. The thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 10 may be 100 μm or less, 80 μm or less, or 70 μm or less. By setting the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer to 100 μm or less, it is possible to suppress uneven charge / discharge due to variations in the charge level of the positive electrode active material near the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer 10 and near the surface of the positive electrode current collector 9. it can.

The negative electrode current collector 11 may be a metal such as aluminum, copper, nickel, or stainless steel, or an alloy thereof. Since the negative electrode current collector 11 is lightweight and has a high weight energy density, it is preferably aluminum or an alloy thereof. The negative electrode current collector 11 is preferably copper from the viewpoint of ease of processing into a thin film and cost.

The thickness of the negative electrode current collector 11 may be 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or more and 50 μm or less from the viewpoint of reducing the volume of the entire negative electrode, and the negative electrode is wound with a small curvature when forming a battery. From the viewpoint of turning, it is more preferably 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

In one embodiment, the negative electrode mixture layer 12 contains a negative electrode active material and a binder.

As the negative electrode active material, those commonly used in the field of energy devices can be used. Specific examples of the negative electrode active material include metallic lithium, lithium titanate (Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ ), lithium alloy or other metal compounds, carbon materials, metal complexes, organic polymer compounds and the like. .. The negative electrode active material may be one of these alone or a mixture of two or more of them. Carbon materials include natural graphite (scaly graphite, etc.), graphite such as artificial graphite (graphite), amorphous carbon, carbon fiber, and acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black. Such as carbon black and the like. The negative electrode active material may be silicon, tin or a compound containing these elements (alloy with oxides, nitrides, other metals) from the viewpoint of obtaining a larger theoretical capacity (for example, 500 to 1500 Ah / kg). Good.

The average particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the negative electrode active material is preferably 1 μm or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a well-balanced negative electrode having an enhanced ability to retain electrolyte salts while suppressing an increase in irreversible capacity due to a decrease in particle size. It is more preferably 5 μm or more, further preferably 10 μm or more, preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 40 μm or less, still more preferably 30 μm or less. The average particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the negative electrode active material is measured by the same method as the _{average particle size (D 50} ) of the positive electrode active material described above.

The content of the negative electrode active material may be 60% by mass or more, 65% by mass or more, or 70% by mass or more based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer. The content of the negative electrode active material may be 99% by mass or less, 95% by mass or less, or 90% by mass or less based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer.

The binder and its content may be the same as the binder and its content in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 described above.

The negative electrode mixture layer 12 may further contain a conductive agent from the viewpoint of further lowering the resistance of the negative electrode 8. The conductive agent and its content may be the same as the conductive agent and its content in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 described above.

The negative electrode mixture layer 12 may further contain an ionic liquid.

As the ionic liquid, the ionic liquid used in the electrolyte slurry composition described later can be used. The content of the ionic liquid contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 12 is preferably 3% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, still more preferably 10% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer. The content of the ionic liquid contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 12 is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer.

The ionic liquid contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 12 may contain an electrolyte salt similar to the electrolyte salt that can be used in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 described above.

The thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 12 may be 10 μm or more, 15 μm or more, or 20 μm or more. The thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 12 may be 100 μm or less, 80 μm or less, or 70 μm or less.

The electrolyte layer 7 is formed by preparing an electrolyte sheet on a base material using the electrolyte slurry composition. The electrolyte slurry composition comprises one or more types of polyma, oxide particles, at least one electrolyte salt selected from the group consisting of lithium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt, and a general formula (10). ), At least one of the compound (glime) and the ionic liquid, and an organic solvent. The temperature at which the mass reduction rate of the organic solvent is 95% when the temperature is raised at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min is 120 ° C. or lower.

The electrolyte slurry composition contains one or more polymers. The polymer preferably has a first structural unit selected from the group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoride and vinylidene fluoride.

The structural unit constituting the polymer includes the first structural unit and a second structural unit selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, acrylic acid, maleic acid, ethyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate. May be. That is, the first structural unit and the second structural unit may be contained in one kind of polymer to form a copolymer, and are contained in different polymers and have a first structural unit. And a second polymer having a second structural unit may constitute at least two kinds of polymers.

Specifically, the polymer may be polyethylene tetrafluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, or the like.

The polymer content is preferably 3% by mass or more based on the total amount of the components of the electrolyte slurry composition excluding the organic solvent. The polymer content is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the components of the electrolyte slurry composition excluding the organic solvent. The polymer content is preferably 3 to 50% by mass, more preferably 3 to 40% by mass, based on the total amount of the components of the electrolyte slurry composition excluding the organic solvent.

Since the polymer according to the present embodiment has excellent affinity with the ionic liquid contained in the electrolyte slurry composition, it retains the electrolyte in the glyme or the ionic liquid when the electrolyte layer 7 is formed. As a result, leakage of grime or ionic liquid when a load is applied to the electrolyte layer 7 is suppressed.

The electrolyte slurry composition contains oxide particles. The oxide particles are, for example, inorganic oxide particles. The inorganic oxide is, for example, an inorganic oxide containing Li, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Zr, La, Na, K, Ba, Sr, V, Nb, B, Ge and the like as constituent elements. Good. The oxide particles are preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of _{SiO 2} , Al ₂ O ₃ , AlOOH, MgO, CaO, ZrO ₂ , TiO ₂ , Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ , and BaTIO _3. It is a particle. Since the oxide particles have polarity, the dissociation of the electrolyte in the electrolyte layer 7 can be promoted and the battery characteristics can be enhanced.

Oxide particles generally include primary particles (particles that do not form secondary particles) that integrally form a single particle, and multiple primary particles, judging from their apparent geometrical morphology. May include secondary particles formed by the aggregation of.

The specific surface area of the oxide particles is ^{2 to} 380 m 2 / g, and may be 5 to 100 m ² / g, 10 to 80 m ² / g, or 15 to 60 m ² / g. When the specific surface area is ² to 380 m 2 / g, it tends to be superior to the discharge characteristics of the secondary battery. From the same viewpoint, the specific surface area of the oxide particles may be 5 m ² / g or more, 10 m ² / g or more, or 15 m ² / g or more, 100 m ² / g or less, 80 m ² / g or less, or It may be 60 m ² / g or less. The specific surface area of the oxide particles means the specific surface area of the entire oxide particles including the primary particles and the secondary particles, and is measured by the BET method.

The average primary particle size of the oxide particles (average particle size of the primary particles) is preferably 0.005 μm (5 nm) or more, more preferably 0.01 μm (10 nm) or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the conductivity. Yes, more preferably 0.015 μm (15 nm) or more. The average primary particle size of the oxide particles is preferably 1 μm or less, more preferably 0.1 μm or less, and further preferably 0.05 μm or less from the viewpoint of thinning the electrolyte layer 7. The average primary particle size of the oxide particles is preferably 0.005 to 1 μm, 0.01 to 0.01 to, from the viewpoint of thinning the electrolyte layer 7 and suppressing the protrusion of the oxide particles from the surface of the electrolyte layer 7. It is 0.1 μm, or 0.015 to 0.05 μm. The average primary particle size of the oxide particles can be measured by observing the oxide particles with a transmission electron microscope or the like.

The average particle size of the oxide particles is preferably 0.005 μm or more, more preferably 0.01 μm or more, and further preferably 0.03 μm or more. The average particle size of the oxide particles is preferably 5 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or less, and further preferably 1 μm or less. The average particle size of the oxide particles is measured by the laser diffraction method, and corresponds to the particle size at which the volume accumulation is 50% when the volume cumulative particle size distribution curve is drawn from the small particle size side.

The shape of the oxide particles may be, for example, agglomerates or substantially spherical. The aspect ratio of the oxide particles is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, still more preferably 2 or less, from the viewpoint of facilitating the thinning of the electrolyte layer 7. The aspect ratio is the length in the major axis direction of the particles (maximum length of the particles) and the length in the minor axis direction of the particles (minimum length of the particles) calculated from the scanning electron micrograph of the oxide particles. Defined as a ratio of. The length of the particles is obtained by statistically calculating the above-mentioned photograph using a commercially available image processing foot (for example, image analysis software manufactured by Asahi Kasei Engineering Co., Ltd., A-kun (registered trademark)).

The oxide particles may be surface-treated with a surface treatment agent. Examples of the surface treatment agent include silicon-containing compounds and the like. Silicon-containing compounds include methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, dimethoxydiphenylsilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, hexyltrimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyl. Alkoxysilanes such as diethoxysilane and n-propyltriethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Epyl group-containing silanes such as 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-2- (amino) Ethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, amino group-containing silane such as N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, silazane such as hexamethyldisilazane, dimethylsilicone oil and the like. It may be siloxane or the like.

As the oxide particles surface-treated with the surface treatment agent, those produced by a known method may be used, or commercially available products may be used as they are.

The content of the oxide particles is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, still more preferably 15% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 15% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the components of the electrolyte slurry composition excluding the organic solvent. It is 20% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, and further preferably 40% by mass or less.

The electrolyte slurry composition contains an electrolyte salt. The electrolyte salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt, and magnesium salt. The electrolyte salt is a compound used to transfer cations between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8. The above-mentioned electrolyte salt has a low degree of dissociation at a low temperature, easily diffuses in a glyme or an ionic liquid, and does not thermally decompose at a high temperature, so that the environmental temperature in which the secondary battery can be used is wide, which is preferable. The electrolyte salt may be an electrolyte salt used in a fluoride ion battery.

The anion components of the electrolyte salt are halide ions (I ⁻ , Cl ⁻ , Br ^−, etc.), SCN ⁻ , BF ₄ ⁻ , BF ₃ (CF ₃ ) ⁻ , BF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ ) ⁻ , PF ₆ ^{−. _{, ClO 4 -, SbF 6 -}} , N (SO 2 F) 2 -, N (SO 2 CF 3) 2 -, N (SO 2 C 2 F 5) 2 -, B (C 6 H 5) 4 -, _{B (O 2 C 2 H 4} ) 2 -, C (SO 2 F) 3 -, C (SO 2 CF 3) 3 -, CF 3 COO -, CF 3 SO 2 O -, C 6 F 5 SO 2 O ^- , B (O ₂ C ₂ O ₂ ) ₂ ^- etc. The anion component of the electrolyte salt is preferably an anion represented by the formula (A) exemplified by the anion component of an ionic liquid described later such as _{N (SO 2} F) ₂ ⁻ , N (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ ^{− and the like.} Ingredients, PF ₆ ⁻ , BF ₄ ⁻ , B (O ₂ C ₂ O ₂ ) ₂ ⁻ , or ClO ₄ ⁻ .

In the following, the following abbreviations may be used.
[FSI] ⁻ : N (SO ₂ F) ₂ ⁻ , bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide anion [TFSI] ⁻ : N (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ ⁻ , bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion [BOB] ⁻ : B (O ₂ C ₂ O ₂ ) ₂ ⁻ , bisoxalate borate anion [f3C] ⁻ : C (SO ₂ F) ₃ ⁻ , tris (fluorosulfonyl) carbanion

Lithium salts include LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , Li [FSI], Li [TFSI], Li [f3C], Li [BOB], LiClO ₄ , LiBF ₃ (CF ₃ ), LiBF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ ), LiBF. ₃ (C ₃ F ₇ ), LiBF ₃ (C ₄ F ₉ ), LiC (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₃ , CF ₃ SO ₂ OLi, CF ₃ COOLi, and R'COOLi (R'are 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

Sodium salts include NaPF ₆ , NaBF ₄ , Na [FSI], Na [TFSI], Na [f3C], Na [BOB], NaClO ₄ , NaBF ₃ (CF ₃ ), NaBF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ ), NaBF. ₃ (C ₃ F ₇ ), NaBF ₃ (C ₄ F ₉ ), NaC (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₃ , CF ₃ SO ₂ ONa, CF ₃ COONa, and R'COONa (R'has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

Calcium salts are Ca (PF ₆ ) ₂ , Ca (BF ₄ ) ₂ , Ca [FSI] ₂ , Ca [TFSI] ₂ , Ca [f3C] ₂ , Ca [BOB] ₂ , Ca (ClO ₄ ) ₂ , Ca. [BF ₃ (CF ₃ )] ₂ , Ca [BF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ )] ₂ , Ca [BF ₃ (C ₃ F ₇ )] ₂ , Ca [BF ₃ (C ₄ F ₉ )] ₂ , Ca [C (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₃ ] ₂ , (CF ₃ SO ₂ O) ₂ Ca, (CF ₃ COO) ₂ Ca, and (R'COO) ₂ Ca (R'are alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a group, a phenyl group, or a naphthyl group).

Magnesium salts are Mg (PF ₆ ) ₂ , Mg (BF ₄ ) ₂ , Mg [FSI] ₂ , Mg [TFSI] ₂ , Mg [f3C] ₂ , Mg [BOB] ₂ , Na (ClO ₄ ) ₂ , Mg. [BF ₃ (CF ₃ )] ₂ , Mg [BF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ )] ₂ , Mg [BF ₃ (C ₃ F ₇ )] ₂ , Mg [BF ₃ (C ₄ F ₉ )] ₂ , Mg [C (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₃ ] ₂ , (CF ₃ SO ₃ ) ₂ Mg, (CF ₃ COO) ₂ Mg, and (R'COO) ₂ Mg (R'are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. , Phenyl group, or naphthyl group).

The electrolyte salt is preferably one selected from the group consisting of an imide-based lithium salt, an imide-based sodium salt, an imide-based calcium salt, and an imide-based magnesium salt, and more preferably an imide-based lithium salt.

The imide-based lithium salt may be Li [TFSI], Li [FSI] or the like. The imide sodium salt may be Na [TFSI], Na [FSI] or the like. The imide-based calcium salt may be Ca [TFSI] ₂ , Ca [FSI] _2, or the like. The imide-based magnesium salt may be Mg [TFSI] ₂ , Mg [FSI] _2, or the like.

The electrolyte slurry composition contains at least one of a compound (grime) represented by the general formula (10) and an ionic liquid. Grime and ionic liquids are not included in the organic solvent. The electrolyte slurry composition preferably contains an ionic liquid from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity and discharge characteristics.

Grime is a compound represented by the general formula (10).
^{_{R A O- (CH 2 CH 2}} O) y -R B (10)

In the formula (10), shows the ^{R A} and ^{R B} are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, y is an integer of 1-6. The alkyl group as R ^A and ^{R B} are methyl group, ethyl group, n- propyl group, an isopropyl group, n- butyl group, an isobutyl group, or a t- butyl group. Among these, the alkyl group is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Examples of grime include triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (sometimes referred to as "triglime" or "G3"), tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (sometimes referred to as "tetraglyme" or "G4"), and pentaethylene glycol dimethyl ether ("penta"). Glyme ”or“ G5 ”), hexaethylene glycol dimethyl ether (sometimes referred to as“ hexaglyme ”or“ G6 ”) and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more type. Among these, the grime is preferably triglyme or tetraglyme, and more preferably tetraglyme. These grime tend to have a temperature at which a mass reduction rate of 95% (mass reduction rate 95% temperature) exceeds 120 ° C. when the temperature is raised at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min.

The ionic liquid contains the following anionic and cationic components. The ionic liquid in this embodiment is a substance that is liquid at −20 ° C. or higher. It is known that ionic liquids have almost no vapor pressure, unlike molecular liquids such as water and organic solvents, due to the strong electrostatic interaction between the constituent cations and anions. Therefore, the temperature of the ionic liquid, which has a mass reduction rate of 95% when the temperature is raised at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min, tends to exceed 120 ° C.

Anion component of the ionic liquid is not particularly ^{limited, Cl -, Br -, I} - halogen anions _{^{such, BF 4 -, N (SO}} 2 F) 2 - or the like of the inorganic _{anion, B} (C _{6 H} 5) _{^{4 -, CH 3 SO 2 O}} -, CF 3 SO 2 O -, N (SO 2 C 4 F 9) 2 -, N (SO 2 CF 3) 2 -, N (SO 2 C 2 F 5) 2 - It may be an organic anion such as.

The anionic component of the ionic liquid preferably contains at least one of the anionic components represented by the following general formula (A).
N (SO ₂ C _m F _{2 m + 1} ) (SO ₂ C _n F _{2n + 1} ) ^- (A)

In the formula (A), m and n each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5. m and n may be the same or different from each other, and are preferably the same as each other.

The anion components represented by the formula (A) are, for example, N (SO ₂ C ₄ F ₉ ) ₂ ⁻ , N (SO ₂ F) ₂ ⁻ , N (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ ⁻ , and N (SO _2). C ₂ F _{5) 2} ^- a.

_{The anionic component of the ionic liquid is more preferably N (SO 2} C ₄ F ₉ ) ₂ ⁻ , CF ₃ SO from the viewpoint of further improving the ionic conductivity and the charge / discharge characteristics with a relatively low viscosity. Includes at least one selected from the group consisting of ₂ O ⁻ , N (SO ₂ F) ₂ ⁻ , N (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ ⁻ , and N (SO ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ) ₂ ^{−, more preferably.} N _{(SO 2 F)} 2 ^- containing.

The cation component of the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, but is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a chain quaternary onium cation, a piperidinium cation, a pyrrolidinium cation, a pyridinium cation, and an imidazolium cation.

［式（２）中、Ｒ^１〜Ｒ^４は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数が１〜２０の鎖状アルキル基、又はＲ−Ｏ−（ＣＨ_２）_ｎ−で表される鎖状アルコキシアルキル基（Ｒはメチル基又はエチル基を表し、ｎは１〜４の整数を表す）を表し、Ｘは、窒素原子又はリン原子を表す。Ｒ^１〜Ｒ^４で表されるアルキル基の炭素数は、好ましくは１〜２０、より好ましくは１〜１０、更に好ましくは１〜５である。］The chain quaternary onium cation is, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (2).

[In the formula (2), R ^{1 to} R ⁴ are independently chain alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or chain alkoxyalkyl groups represented by _{RO-O- (CH 2} ) _n-. (R represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, n represents an integer of 1 to 4), and X represents a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom. The ^{alkyl group represented by R 1 to} R ⁴ has preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and further preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms. ]

［式（３）中、Ｒ^５及びＲ^６は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数が１〜２０のアルキル基、又はＲ−Ｏ−（ＣＨ_２）_ｎ−で表されるアルコキシアルキル基（Ｒはメチル基又はエチル基を表し、ｎは１〜４の整数を表す）を表す。Ｒ^５及びＲ^６で表されるアルキル基の炭素数は、好ましくは１〜２０、より好ましくは１〜１０、更に好ましくは１〜５である。］The piperidinium cation is, for example, a nitrogen-containing six-membered cyclic compound represented by the following general formula (3).

[In formula (3), R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or _{alkoxyalkyl groups represented by RO-O- (CH 2} ) _n- (R is methyl). It represents a group or an ethyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4). The ^{number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group represented by R 5} and R ⁶ is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and even more preferably 1 to 5. ]

［式（４）中、Ｒ^７及びＲ^８は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数が１〜２０のアルキル基、又はＲ−Ｏ−（ＣＨ_２）_ｎ−で表されるアルコキシアルキル基（Ｒはメチル基又はエチル基を表し、ｎは１〜４の整数を表す）を表す。Ｒ^７及びＲ^８で表されるアルキル基の炭素数は、好ましくは１〜２０、より好ましくは１〜１０、更に好ましくは１〜５である。］The pyrrolidinium cation is, for example, a five-membered cyclic compound represented by the following general formula (4).

[In formula (4), R ⁷ and R ⁸ are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or _{alkoxyalkyl groups represented by RO-O- (CH 2} ) _n- (R is methyl). It represents a group or an ethyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4). The ^{alkyl group represented by R 7} and R ⁸ has preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and further preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms. ]

［式（５）中、Ｒ^９〜Ｒ^１３は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数が１〜２０のアルキル基、Ｒ−Ｏ−（ＣＨ_２）_ｎ−で表されるアルコキシアルキル基（Ｒはメチル基又はエチル基を表し、ｎは１〜４の整数を表す）、又は水素原子を表す。Ｒ^９〜Ｒ^１３で表されるアルキル基の炭素数は、好ましくは１〜２０、より好ましくは１〜１０、更に好ましくは１〜５である。］The pyridinium cation is, for example, a compound represented by the general formula (5).

[In formula (5), R ^{9 to} R ¹³ are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and _{alkoxyalkyl groups represented by RO-O- (CH 2} ) _n- (R is a methyl group). Alternatively, it represents an ethyl group, where n represents an integer of 1 to 4), or a hydrogen atom. The ^{number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group represented by R 9 to} R ¹³ is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and even more preferably 1 to 5. ]

［式（６）中、Ｒ^１４〜Ｒ^１８は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数が１〜２０のアルキル基、Ｒ−Ｏ−（ＣＨ_２）_ｎ−で表されるアルコキシアルキル基（Ｒはメチル基又はエチル基を表し、ｎは１〜４の整数を表す）、又は水素原子を表す。Ｒ^１４〜Ｒ^１８で表されるアルキル基の炭素数は、好ましくは１〜２０、より好ましくは１〜１０、更に好ましくは１〜５である。］The imidazolium cation is, for example, a compound represented by the general formula (6).

[In formula (6), R ^{14 to} R ¹⁸ are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and _{alkoxyalkyl groups represented by RO-O- (CH 2} ) _n- (R is a methyl group). Alternatively, it represents an ethyl group, where n represents an integer of 1 to 4), or a hydrogen atom. The ^{number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group represented by R 14 to} R ¹⁸ is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and even more preferably 1 to 5. ]

The total content of the grime and the ionic liquid may be 10% by mass or more, and may be 80% by mass, based on the total amount of the components of the electrolyte slurry composition excluding the organic solvent from the viewpoint of preferably producing the electrolyte layer 7. It may be: The content of the ionic liquid is preferably 20% by mass or more based on the total amount of the components of the electrolyte slurry composition excluding the organic solvent from the viewpoint of enabling charging / discharging of the lithium secondary battery at a high load factor. Yes, more preferably 30% by mass or more.

The concentration of the electrolyte salt per unit volume of the total amount of the glyme and the ionic liquid in the electrolyte layer 7 is preferably 0.5 mol / L or more, more preferably 0.7 mol / L or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the charge / discharge characteristics. It is more preferably 1.0 mol / L or more, preferably 3.0 mol / L or less, more preferably 2.5 mol / L or less, still more preferably 2.3 mol / L or less.

The electrolyte slurry composition contains an organic solvent. However, the above-mentioned grime and ionic liquid are not included in the organic solvent. The temperature at which the mass reduction rate of the organic solvent becomes 95% when the temperature is raised at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min (mass reduction rate 95% temperature) is 120 ° C. or lower.

The organic solvent can be used without particular limitation as long as the mass reduction rate is 95% and the temperature is 120 ° C. or lower. As the organic solvent, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination as a mixed solvent. The mass reduction rate of 95% temperature can be adjusted to a desired range by adjusting the ratio of two or more kinds of organic solvents having different mass reduction rate of 95% temperature. Therefore, even if a single organic solvent does not satisfy this condition, it is possible that this condition can be satisfied by combining two or more kinds to form a mixed solvent. The mass reduction rate of 95% can be determined by raising the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min using a thermogravimetric measuring device and measuring the temperature when the mass reduction rate reaches 95%. ..

The mass reduction rate of the organic solvent at 95% is 120 ° C. or lower, preferably 115 ° C. or lower, more preferably 110 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 105 ° C. or lower. When the mass reduction rate of the organic solvent is 95% and the temperature is 120 ° C. or lower, the electrolyte layer 7 formed from the electrolyte slurry composition tends to have excellent strength. The reason for this is not always clear, but it is considered that the organic solvent is easily volatilized, so that the drying rate is improved and a dense layer (film) is formed. The lower limit of the 95% temperature reduction rate of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 70 ° C. or higher. When the mass reduction rate of the organic solvent is 95% and the temperature is 50 ° C. or higher, the drying rate can be easily controlled, so that a uniform film tends to be obtained.

The electrolyte slurry composition may contain other components. Examples of other components include cellulose fibers, resin fibers, glass fibers and the like. The content of the other components may be 0.1 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the components of the electrolyte slurry composition excluding the organic solvent.

The concentration of the contained components in the electrolyte slurry composition may be 5 to 70% by mass based on the total mass of the electrolyte slurry composition.

The electrolyte slurry composition is represented by the general formula (10) of at least one electrolyte salt selected from the group consisting of one or more types of polyma, oxide particles, lithium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt. It can be prepared by mixing and kneading at least one of the compound and the ionic liquid to be produced, an organic solvent, and other components. Mixing and kneading can be carried out by appropriately combining a disperser such as a normal stirrer, a raft machine, a triple roll, a ball mill, and a bead mill.

The electrolyte sheet used as the electrolyte layer 7 has a step of arranging the above-mentioned electrolyte slurry composition on the base material and removing an organic solvent from the arranged electrolyte slurry composition to form an electrolyte layer on the base material. It is produced by a manufacturing method comprising a process. FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrolyte sheet according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4A, the electrolyte sheet 13A has a base material 14 and an electrolyte layer 7 provided on the base material 14. The electrolyte layer 7 may be composed of components obtained by removing the organic solvent from the electrolyte slurry composition.

The method for arranging the electrolyte slurry composition on the substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include coating by a doctor blade method, a dipping method, a spray method, and the like.

The method for removing the organic solvent from the electrolyte slurry composition is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of heating the electrolyte slurry composition to volatilize the organic solvent. The heating temperature can be appropriately set according to the organic solvent used.

The base material 14 is not limited as long as it has heat resistance that can withstand heating when the organic solvent is volatilized, does not react with the electrolyte slurry composition, and does not swell due to the electrolyte slurry composition. , Formed of resin. Specifically, the base material 14 may be a film made of a resin (general-purpose engineering plastic) such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyethersulfone, and polyetherketone.

The base material 14 may have a heat resistant temperature that can withstand the treatment temperature at which the organic solvent is volatilized in the process of producing the electrolyte layer. The heat-resistant temperature is the lower of the softening point (temperature at which plastic deformation begins) or the melting point of the base material 14 when the base material 14 is made of resin. The heat resistant temperature of the base material 14 is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of adaptability to the grime and ionic liquid used for the electrolyte layer 7. Yes, and may be, for example, 400 ° C. or lower. If a base material having the above heat resistant temperature is used, the above-mentioned organic solvent can be preferably used.

The thickness of the base material 14 is preferably as thin as possible while maintaining strength that can withstand the tensile force of the coating apparatus. The thickness of the base material 14 is preferably 5 μm or more, more preferably 10 μm, from the viewpoint of ensuring the strength when the electrolyte slurry composition is applied to the base material 14 while reducing the volume of the entire electrolyte sheet 13A. It is more preferably 25 μm or more, preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, still more preferably 40 μm or less.

The electrolyte sheet can also be continuously produced while being wound into a roll. In that case, the surface of the electrolyte layer 7 may come into contact with the back surface of the base material 14 and a part of the electrolyte layer 7 may adhere to the base material 14, thereby damaging the electrolyte layer 7. In order to prevent such a situation, as another embodiment, the electrolyte sheet may be provided with a protective material on the opposite side of the electrolyte layer 7 from the base material 14. FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrolyte sheet according to another embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4B, the electrolyte sheet 13B further includes a protective material 15 on the side opposite to the base material 14 of the electrolyte layer 7.

The protective material 15 may be any material that can be easily peeled off from the electrolyte layer 7, and is preferably a non-polar resin film such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polytetrafluoroethylene. When a non-polar resin film is used, the electrolyte layer 7 and the protective material 15 do not stick to each other, and the protective material 15 can be easily peeled off.

The thickness of the protective material 15 is preferably 5 μm or more, more preferably 10 μm, and preferably 100 μm or less, from the viewpoint of ensuring the strength while reducing the volume of the entire electrolyte sheet 13B. It is preferably 50 μm or less, and more preferably 30 μm or less.

The heat-resistant temperature of the protective material 15 is preferably −30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 0 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 0 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration in a low temperature environment and suppressing softening in a high temperature environment. It is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 50 ° C. or lower. When the protective material 15 is provided, it is not necessary to raise the heat resistant temperature because the above-mentioned volatilization step of the dispersion medium is not essential.

The thickness of the electrolyte layer 7 is preferably 5 μm or more, more preferably 10 μm or more, from the viewpoint of increasing the conductivity and the strength. The thickness of the electrolyte layer 7 is preferably 200 μm or less, more preferably 150 μm or less, still more preferably 100 μm or less, and particularly preferably 50 μm or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing the resistance of the electrolyte layer 7.

Subsequently, the method for manufacturing the secondary battery 1 described above will be described. The method for manufacturing the secondary battery 1 according to the present embodiment includes a first step of forming a positive electrode mixture layer 10 on the positive electrode current collector 9 to obtain a positive electrode 6, and a negative electrode mixture on the negative electrode current collector 11. A second step of forming the layer 12 to obtain the negative electrode 8 and a third step of arranging the electrolyte layer 7 of the electrolyte sheet obtained by the above-mentioned manufacturing method between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 are provided. ..

In the first step, for the positive electrode 6, for example, the material used for the positive electrode mixture layer is dispersed in a dispersion medium using a kneader, a disperser, or the like to obtain a slurry-like positive electrode mixture, and then the positive electrode mixture is obtained. Is applied onto the positive electrode current collector 9 by a doctor blade method, a dipping method, a spray method, or the like, and then the dispersion medium is volatilized. After volatilizing the dispersion medium, a compression molding step by a roll press may be provided, if necessary. The positive electrode mixture layer 10 may be formed as a multi-layered positive electrode mixture layer by performing the steps from the application of the positive electrode mixture to the volatilization of the dispersion medium a plurality of times.

The dispersion medium used in the first step may be water, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter, also referred to as NMP) or the like. The dispersion medium is a compound other than the above-mentioned grime and ionic liquid.

In the second step, the method of forming the negative electrode mixture layer 12 on the negative electrode current collector 11 may be the same method as in the first step described above.

In the third step, in the method of arranging the electrolyte layer 7 between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 using the electrolyte sheet 13A, for example, the base material 14 is peeled from the electrolyte sheet 13A, and the positive electrode 6 and the electrolyte layer 7 are arranged. The secondary battery 1 can be obtained by laminating the negative electrode 8 and the negative electrode 8 by, for example, laminating. At this time, the electrolyte layer 7 is located on the positive electrode mixture layer 10 side of the positive electrode 6 and on the negative electrode mixture layer 12 side of the negative electrode 8, that is, the positive electrode current collector 9, the positive electrode mixture layer 10, and the electrolyte layer 7. , The negative electrode mixture layer 12 and the negative electrode current collector 11 are laminated in this order.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, the secondary battery according to the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the electrode group in the secondary battery according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the difference between the secondary battery in the second embodiment and the secondary battery in the first embodiment is that the electrode group 2B includes the bipolar electrode 16. That is, the electrode group 2B includes a positive electrode 6, a first electrolyte layer 7, a bipolar electrode 16, a second electrolyte layer 7, and a negative electrode 8 in this order.

The bipolar electrode 16 includes a bipolar electrode current collector 17, a positive electrode mixture layer 10 provided on a surface (positive electrode surface) of the bipolar electrode current collector 17 on the negative electrode 8 side, and a positive electrode 6 side of the bipolar electrode current collector 17. The negative electrode mixture layer 12 provided on the surface (negative electrode surface) is provided.

In the bipolar electrode current collector 17, the positive electrode surface may be preferably made of a material having excellent oxidation resistance, and may be made of aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, or the like. The negative electrode surface of the bipolar electrode current collector 17 using graphite or an alloy as the negative electrode active material may be formed of a material that does not form an alloy with lithium, and specifically, stainless steel, nickel, iron, titanium, or the like. It may be formed. When dissimilar metals are used for the positive electrode surface and the negative electrode surface, the bipolar electrode current collector 17 may be a clad material in which dissimilar metal foils are laminated. However, when a negative electrode 8 that operates at a potential that does not form an alloy with lithium, such as lithium titanate, is used, the above-mentioned limitation is removed, and the negative electrode surface may be made of the same material as the positive electrode current collector 9. In that case, the bipolar electrode current collector 17 may be a single metal leaf. The bipolar electrode current collector 17 as a single metal foil may be an aluminum perforated foil having holes with a hole diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm, an expanded metal, a foamed metal plate, or the like. In addition to the above, the bipolar electrode current collector 17 may be made of any material as long as it does not cause changes such as dissolution and oxidation during use of the battery, and its shape, manufacturing method, etc. Is not restricted.

The thickness of the bipolar electrode current collector 17 may be 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or more and 50 μm or less from the viewpoint of reducing the volume of the entire positive electrode, and the bipolar electrode has a small curvature when forming a battery. From the viewpoint of winding the above, it is more preferably 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

Subsequently, a method of manufacturing the secondary battery according to the second embodiment will be described. The method for manufacturing the secondary battery according to the present embodiment includes a first step of forming a positive electrode mixture layer 10 on the positive electrode current collector 9 to obtain a positive electrode 6, and a negative electrode mixture layer on the negative electrode current collector 11. In the second step of forming 12 to obtain the negative electrode 8, the positive electrode mixture layer 10 is formed on one surface of the bipolar electrode current collector 17, and the negative electrode mixture layer 12 is formed on the other surface to form the bipolar electrode. The third step of obtaining 16 and the fourth step of arranging the electrolyte layer 7 of the electrolyte sheet obtained by the above-mentioned manufacturing method between the positive electrode 6 and the bipolar electrode 16 and between the negative electrode 8 and the bipolar electrode 16. And have.

The first step and the second step may be the same method as the first step and the second step in the first embodiment.

In the third step, the method of forming the positive electrode mixture layer 10 on one surface of the bipolar electrode current collector 17 may be the same method as the first step in the first embodiment. The method of forming the negative electrode mixture layer 12 on the other surface of the bipolar electrode current collector 17 may be the same as the method of the second step in the first embodiment.

Obtained by the method of arranging the electrolyte layer 7 of the electrolyte sheet obtained by the above-mentioned manufacturing method between the positive electrode 6 and the bipolar electrode 16 in the fourth step and by the above-mentioned manufacturing method between the negative electrode 8 and the bipolar electrode 16. The method of arranging the electrolyte layer 7 of the obtained electrolyte sheet may be the same as the method of the third step in the first embodiment.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Example 1]
<Preparation of electrolyte slurry composition>
Using lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (Li [TFSI]) dried under a dry argon atmosphere as the electrolyte salt, the concentration of the electrolyte salt is 2.3 mol / L in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (G4), which is a glime. A G4 solution of Li [TFSI] was prepared (hereinafter, when referring to the glyme solution or ionic liquid solution of the electrolyte salt, "lithium salt concentration / lithium salt type / glyme type or ion". It may be described as "type of liquid"). Next, copolyma (PVDF-HFP) of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene as a polymer and SiO ₂ particles as oxide particles (product name: AEROSIL OX50, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., specific surface area: 50 m ² / After mixing with g, average primary particle size: about 40 nm), dimethylacetamide (DMAc, 100% by mass) is added as an organic solvent, and the G4 solution of Li [TFSI] prepared above is further added and mixed. This gave an electrolyte slurry composition. At this time, the mass ratio of the polymer, the oxide particles, and the G4 solution of Li [TFSI] was the polymer: oxide particles: the G4 solution of Li [TFSI] = 34: 23: 43. The concentration of the contained components in the electrolyte slurry composition was 45% by mass based on the total mass of the electrolyte slurry composition. The mass reduction rate of DMAc (100% by mass) was 95%, and the temperature was 95 ° C.

The temperature at which the mass reduction rate is 95% when the temperature is raised at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min (mass reduction rate 95% temperature) is a differential thermal-thermogravimetric measuring device (Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd., TG-DTA). It was determined by raising the temperature at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min using a (-6200 type) and measuring the temperature when the mass reduction rate was 95%.

<Preparation of electrolyte sheet>
DMAc, which is an organic solvent, was added to the obtained electrolyte slurry composition so that the concentration of the contained components in the electrolyte slurry composition was 28% by mass based on the total mass of the electrolyte slurry composition. The viscosity was adjusted. The viscosity-adjusted electrolyte slurry composition was applied onto a polyethylene terephthalate substrate (product name: Theonex RQ51, manufactured by Teijin DuPont Film Co., Ltd., thickness 38 μm) using an applicator. The applied electrolyte slurry composition was heated and dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to volatilize the organic solvent, and an electrolyte sheet having an electrolyte layer on the substrate was obtained.

<Measurement of tensile strength>
The obtained electrolyte sheet was cut to a width of 5 mm, sandwiched between chucks, and then fixed to a pedestal with tape so as to have a length of 20 mm. Then, the electrolyte sheet was pulled by using a force gauge (manufactured by Nidec-Shimpo Co., Ltd., FGP-5), and the strength when the electrolyte sheet was broken was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

<Measurement of ionic conductivity>
The obtained electrolyte sheet was punched to φ10 mm to prepare a sample for ionic conductivity measurement. This sample was placed in a two-pole closed cell (HS cell manufactured by Hosen Co., Ltd.) and measured using an AC impedance measuring device (Solartron Co., Ltd., 1260 type). The AC impedance was measured at room temperature (25 ° C.) at 10 mV in the range of 1 Hz to 10 MHz. The resistance value was calculated from the width of the arc of the Nyquist plot, and the ionic conductivity was calculated from the resistance value. The sample was placed in the closed cell in a dry room. The results are shown in Table 1.

<Preparation of positive electrode>
Layered lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide (positive electrode active material) 78.5 parts by mass, acetylene black (electrolyte, average particle size 48 nm, product name: HS-100, Denka Co., Ltd.) 5 parts by mass, 2.5 parts by mass of a copolyma solution (binder, solid content 12% by mass) of vinylidene compound and hexafluoropropylene and 14 parts by mass of an ionic liquid (1.5M / LiFSI / Py13FSI) in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved are mixed. Prepared a positive electrode mixture slurry. This positive electrode mixture slurry is applied onto a current collector (aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 μm) at a coating amount of 147 g / m ² and dried at 80 ° C. to obtain a positive electrode having a mixture density of 2.9 g / cm ^3. A mixture layer was formed. This was punched to φ15 mm to obtain a positive electrode.

<Manufacturing of negative electrode>
Graphite A (negative electrode active material, manufactured by Hitachi Kasei Co., Ltd.) 78 parts by mass, graphite B (manufactured by Nippon Graphite Industry Co., Ltd.) 2.4 parts by mass, carbon fiber (electrolyte, product name: VGCF-H, Showa Denko Co., Ltd.) ) 0.6 parts by mass, 5 parts by mass of a copolyma solution of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene (binding agent, solid content 12% by mass), ionic liquid in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved (1.5M / LiFSI / Py13FSI) 14 parts by mass were mixed to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry. This negative electrode mixture slurry is applied onto a current collector (copper foil with a thickness of 10 μm) at a coating rate of 68 g / m ² and dried at 80 ° C. to obtain a negative electrode having a mixture density of 1.9 g / cm ^3. A mixture layer was formed. This was punched to φ16 mm and used as a negative electrode.

<Manufacturing of coin-type batteries for evaluation>
The obtained electrolyte sheet was punched to φ16 mm, and the base material was peeled off to obtain an electrolyte layer. An evaluation coin-type battery was produced using a positive electrode, an electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode. Here, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (Li [FSI]) dried under a dry argon atmosphere was used as an electrolyte salt, and N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide ([Py13] [ A [Py13] [FSI] solution of Li [FSI] was prepared by dissolving in FSI]) so that the concentration of the electrolyte salt was 1.5 mol / L. A [Py13] [FSI] solution of Li [FSI] is added into a CR2016 type coin cell container, and the positive electrode, the electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode are arranged in this order, and then the upper part of the battery container is placed via an insulating gasket. It was crimped and sealed.

<Measurement of battery discharge rate characteristics>
The discharge rate characteristics of the obtained coin-type battery at 25 ° C. were measured using a charging / discharging device (manufactured by Toyo System Co., Ltd.) under the following charging / discharging conditions.
(1) After charging with a constant current constant voltage (CCCV) at a cadence voltage of 4.2 V and 0.05 C, two cycles of constant current (CC) discharge with a cadence voltage of 2.7 V at 0.05 C were performed. In addition, C means "current value (A) / battery capacity (Ah)".
(2) Next, one cycle is a cycle in which constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charging is performed at a cutoff voltage of 4.2 V and 0.05 C, and then constant current (CC) discharge is performed at a cutoff voltage of 2.7 V at 0.1 C. went. Further, the constant current (CC) discharge rate was changed to 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 C every cycle, and the discharge rate characteristics were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 2]
By the same method as in Example 1 except that a mixed solvent in which N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and cyclohexanone (CHN) were mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 1 was used instead of DMAc as the organic solvent. An electrolyte sheet was prepared. The mass reduction rate of the mixed solvent of NMP (50% by mass) and CHN (50% by mass) was 95%. The temperature was 87 ° C. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the prepared electrolyte sheet. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 3]
An electrolyte sheet was prepared by the same method as in Example 1 except that a mixed solvent in which NMP and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 1 was used instead of DMAc as the organic solvent. The mass reduction rate of the mixed solvent of NMP (50% by mass) and MEK (50% by mass) was 95%. The temperature was 103 ° C. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the prepared electrolyte sheet. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 4]
An electrolyte sheet was prepared by the same method as in Example 1 except that a mixed solvent in which NMP and 2-butanol (2-BuOH) were mixed at a mass ratio of 4: 1 was used instead of DMAc as the organic solvent. .. The mass reduction rate of the mixed solvent of NMP (80% by mass) and 2-BuOH (20% by mass) was 95%. The temperature was 97 ° C. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the prepared electrolyte sheet. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 5]
An electrolyte sheet was prepared by the same method as in Example 4 except that a [Py13] [FSI] solution of Li [FSI] was used instead of the G4 solution of Li [TFSI]. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the prepared electrolyte sheet. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Reference example 1]
An electrolyte sheet was prepared by the same method as in Example 1 except that NMP (100% by mass) was used instead of DMAc as the organic solvent. The mass reduction rate of NMP (100% by mass) was 95%, and the temperature was 136 ° C. The tensile strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the prepared electrolyte sheet. The results are shown in Table 1. Since the evaluation of the tensile strength of the electrolyte sheet of Reference Example 1 was not good, the ionic conductivity and the discharge rate characteristics of the battery were not measured.

[Reference example 2]
As the organic solvent, NMP (100% by mass) was used instead of the mixed solvent in which NMP and 2-butanol (2-BuOH) were mixed at a mass ratio of 4: 1 by the same method as in Example 5. An electrolyte sheet was prepared. The tensile strength was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the prepared electrolyte sheet. The results are shown in Table 1. Since the evaluation of the tensile strength of the electrolyte sheet of Reference Example 2 was not good, the ionic conductivity and the discharge rate characteristics of the battery were not measured.

The electrolyte sheets of Examples 1 to 5 were superior to the electrolyte sheets of Reference Examples 1 and 2 in terms of the tensile strength of the electrolyte layer. From these results, it was confirmed that the electrolyte slurry composition of the present invention can form an electrolyte layer having excellent strength.

1 ... Secondary battery, 2,2A, 2B ... Electrode group, 3 ... Battery exterior, 4 ... Positive electrode current collection tab, 5 ... Negative electrode current collection tab, 6 ... Positive electrode, 7 ... Electrode layer, 8 ... Negative electrode, 9 ... Positive electrode current collector, 10 ... Positive electrode mixture layer, 11 ... Negative electrode current collector, 12 ... Negative electrode mixture layer, 13A, 13B ... Electrode sheet, 14 ... Base material, 15 ... Protective material, 16 ... Bipolar electrode, 17 ... Bipolar electrode current collector.

Claims (10)

With one or more polymers,
With oxide particles
At least one electrolyte salt selected from the group consisting of lithium salt, sodium salt, calcium salt, and magnesium salt, and
At least one of the compound represented by the following general formula (10) and the ionic liquid, and
With organic solvent
Contains,
The organic solvent is an electrolyte slurry composition having a temperature at which the mass reduction rate of 95% when the temperature is raised at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min is 120 ° C. or lower.
^{_{R A O- (CH 2 CH 2}} O) y -R B (10)
Wherein (10), ^{R A} and ^{R B} each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, y is an integer of 1-6. ] The oxide particles are at least one type of particles selected from the group consisting of _{SiO 2} , Al ₂ O ₃ , AlOOH, MgO, CaO, ZrO ₂ , TiO ₂ , Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ , and BaTIO _3. The electrolyte slurry composition according to claim 1. Claim 1 or 2 wherein the ionic liquid contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a chain quaternary onium cation, a piperidinium cation, a pyrrolidinium cation, a pyridinium cation, and an imidazolium cation as a cation component. The electrolyte slurry composition according to. The electrolyte slurry composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ionic liquid contains at least one of the anion components represented by the following general formula (A) as an anion component.
N (SO ₂ C _m F _{2 m + 1} ) (SO ₂ C _n F _{2n + 1} ) ^- (A)
[In the formula (A), m and n each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5. ] The electrolyte slurry composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the polymer has a first structural unit selected from the group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoride and vinylidene fluoride. The structural unit constituting the polymer includes the first structural unit and a second structural unit selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, acrylic acid, maleic acid, ethyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate. , The electrolyte slurry composition according to claim 5. The electrolyte slurry composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electrolyte salt is an imide-based lithium salt. The electrolyte slurry composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the compound represented by the general formula (10) contains tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The step of arranging the electrolyte slurry composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 on a substrate, and
A step of removing the organic solvent from the arranged electrolyte slurry composition to form an electrolyte layer on the base material, and
A method for manufacturing an electrolyte sheet. A process of forming a positive electrode mixture layer on a positive electrode current collector to obtain a positive electrode, and
A process of forming a negative electrode mixture layer on a negative electrode current collector to obtain a negative electrode, and
A step of arranging the electrolyte layer of the electrolyte sheet obtained by the production method according to claim 9 between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and
A method for manufacturing a secondary battery.

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