JPS62118287A - Method of previewing or observing earthquake induced naturally and/or artificially and protecting facility - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention is applicable to natural and/or artificially induced earthquakes (mine cave-ins), such as mine excavation operations or the construction of cisterns closed with high barriers. [Prior art and problems] Concerning methods for predicting or observing earthquakes resulting from is primarily limited to the observation of the earthquake's effects themselves, and is therefore obtained from the characteristics of the measurements; predictions occur only at the time when the effects of vibrations are manifest; It was possible to draw conclusions from the values and predict in which geographical direction and with what strength layer movements could be expected.

Nowadays, in addition to surface measurements, underground or near-surface seismic or commonly carried out seismological measurements, as well as changes in some auxiliary parameters of an earthquake, such as pressure and heat values, are also measured.

During the ground measurements, an inclinometer was also used, and for movement detection, strain measurements were made using a laser.

However, based on the unfortunate experience gained in recent years,
It can be said that the methods listed or the application of the devices described above, when applied separately, lead to only slight results. a suitably selected range of physical, geophysical, geochemical, geodetic and biological parameters;
By measuring, processing and evaluating the absolute value or relative value thereof and the time series of changes, the object of the present invention, namely the prediction of natural and/or artificially induced earthquakes, can be achieved. Up to now, no complex measuring method has been available which allows one to take appropriate measures with the necessary safety based on said predictions.

The network of observatories that emit seismic signals characterizes the state of technology.
Although considered a popular solution, as mentioned above, the measurement data of said observatories are almost entirely obtained from seismic and geodetic measurement methods.

The following publications are hereby incorporated by reference in connection with the present invention: Nie P. Rikitake: Earthquake
prediction, 357 pages, 1976 El
Published by Sevier; -Earthquake prediction Proceedings of the International Symposium on Earthquake Prediction, Terra
5Ccientific Publishing Co+
*pany s 995 pages (TERRAPUB), published in Tokyo, UNESCO, Paris, 1984.

The above-mentioned publications report widely used methods for measuring experimental properties for the purpose of earthquake prediction.

The invention is based on the recognition that not only the effects of vibrations, but also the effects of elastic strain of the layer as they progress, are detected and analyzed in a timely manner, so long as the object of the invention is achieved. From a single local and temporally separated course of an earthquake, it is possible to draw an analogy to the phenomena that occur beneath the earth's crust, which is defined by deep and tectonic structures.

[Means for solving problems]

Based on the above recognition, an essential feature of the invention is that at two or more, preferably three, reference levels in the test area, i.e.
It consists in carrying out observations and measurements below the ground, at the surface and above the ground simultaneously and successively, ie with a frequency of sampling resulting from the characteristics of the measurements. During this operation complex physical and/or geophysical and/or geochemical and/or geodetic as well as biological and microbiological parameters are observed and at least one of the parameters is observed below the ground. Furthermore, changes in parameters in space and time are measured, and the measured values are remotely indicated, recorded, stored, processed and evaluated at the same time as the measurement.

From the measurement data obtained during the processing, the time function and/or periodicity and/or frequency spectrum of a single parameter value is determined. Furthermore, the relationship of said numerical value to the same parameter and/or to one or more other parameter values is determined.

After setting the time series of single parameter values, parameter groups, their increments and relative intensities, and sampling the specific geological and petrophysical possibilities of the considered area, the estimation function is evaluated, A seismic danger signal is issued in all cases in which predetermined empirically determined critical values are obtained for at least two independent parameters.

The method according to the invention provides measurement data of known remote monitoring systems on the ground, provided for example by stereoscopic aerial photography or satellites, and used for meteorological purposes over a wide area, in particular changes over time of infrared images of an area and/or natural Process changes in gamma rays, natural radiation or their spectral values and observed weight changes.

In measurements at the surface, we are essentially relying on seismic signals recorded by observatories, and using these data to analyze other geophysical and geophysical measurements carried out in the test area. complete physical, geodetic and geochemical measurements. Therefore, the geomagnetic value of the earth's surface [for example, geomagnetism (n+agne
totelluric) and proton preset (
protonpressure) measurement)
, geoelectrical values (e.g. resistance values, current values), geodetic measurements (e.g. by measuring strain by laser, measuring rock strain, evaluating horizontal and vertical displacement, measuring slope) Measure, record and carry out weight measurements, as well as determine the coordinates of the item by means of a small aperture array and measure the speed of any seismic waves and the frequency of micro-vibrations. Surface measurements are conveniently completed by biological observations.

These measuring methods are well known per se, and suitable state-of-the-art measuring equipment is available, and the novelty of the present invention lies in the fact that they can be used simultaneously, measured simultaneously, and The purpose is to perform complex processing of the results.

Surface geoelectrical and geomagnetic measurements, when related to corresponding seismic and borehole geophysical data, are the most useful for determining the qualitative and quantitative values of the elastic deformations occurring in monolayered grain clusters and tectonic units. Generate useful information.

Underground measurements are conveniently carried out in deep boreholes, for example in boreholes for the study of hydrocarbons, water, solid minerals or for architectural research, but also in large boreholes, but measurement locations in mines can also be used for this purpose. suitable.

The scope of underground measurements includes physical, chemical, geophysical and microbiological measurements of the borehole, the so-called boring fluid contained in the borehole, the bed grain aggregates that limit the borehole, and the bed fluid or gas that fills the voids. measure the parameters,
and measuring spatial and temporal changes in said parameters.

Although not intended to be complete, the measurements include, for convenience, seismic measurements during knee boring, - measuring the slope of the borehole, - measuring the temperature in the borehole, - measuring the temperature in the borehole; Measurement of the electrochemical potential, pressure, gas saturation and optical permeability of the liquid involved; - measurement of the so-called "natural potential", potential difference of the rock or grain mass delimiting the borehole; - measurement of the potential difference of the rock or grain mass; - Determination of natural radioactivity; - Determination of magnetic parameters of rocks or grain groups; - Determination of changes in rock or porosity and electrical resistance; - Determination of the velocity of water flow in soils and rocks; - Found in borehole fluids. Identification or analysis and quantification of the growth of Streptomyces and/or Methanomonas mycobacteria using hydrocarbon gases introduced into the boring fluid.

While some of these measurement methods, such as the measurement of changes in heat and pressure values, are well known and suitable for earthquake observations (as auxiliary parameters), the essentially novel features of the method of the invention are , to use the full range of geophysical measurements from deep-drilling (core boring) as basic information for earthquake prediction. This makes it possible according to the present invention that from these measurement data it is possible to conclude the elastic deformations occurring in the earth's crust, their extent and direction, and ultimately the location, extent and direction of the predicted earthquake. arises from recognition.

In the method of the invention, the measurements carried out underground (in deep borings) are realized against suitably selected, for example suitably porous or compact, bedding clusters.

The underground measurement locations are located in deep borings arranged in a suitably formed geodynamic polygon in the test area (e.g. within the object to be protected), and the measurements obtained thereby to each other, and the selected measurement location as a reference (
For example, by correlating with measurement data from a surface observation station) or with values measured at different depths within one deep borehole.

In the method of the invention, it may be advantageous to correlate the parameter values measured in a given deep borehole with the values obtained at the bottom of the deep borehole. Furthermore, it is advantageous to carry out underground measurements in several, expediently four, deep boreholes surrounding the object to be protected, the values measured therein or their changes having a correlation.

For underground measurements, it is recommended to simultaneously measure the following group of parameters among the possible measurements mentioned above: a) temperature and pressure of the liquid, gas saturation, translucency, b) natural and excited potentials. , resistance, natural radiation, magnetic parameters, C) all of the above-mentioned borehole-physical parameters and layer-physical parameters, as well as microbiological parameters, d) completed with surface geodetic and seismic measurements. One of parameter groups a, b, and c.

Underground measurements are carried out using the usual method of measuring in deep boreholes.
This is carried out using a measuring device configured as a borehole installation connected by a multi-core cable to a measuring device, a feeding device and a display device installed above the soil. When designing these borehole facilities, the temperature and pressure conditions encountered are also taken into account. In this way, devices connected to the ground by cables can be installed at optimal depth levels.

In order to realize the method of the invention, modern measuring equipment has been developed, including automatic measuring equipment for carrying out subsurface measurements, surface measurements and above-ground measurements.

The measuring device has a computer-aided center that processes the measurement data collected from the automatic measuring device by remote monitoring and, after processing and evaluating the data, orders an alarm or if necessary based on the computer decision. Take appropriate precautions.

Using the latest measurement equipment developed to realize the method of the present invention, automatic observation of phenomena preceding earthquakes, remote instruction at the same time as measurement, simultaneous data recording, data storage, data processing and evaluation are possible. ,Therefore, a major disaster can be detected already when it occurs.

〔Example〕

Next, the method of the present invention will be explained based on examples and drawings. In the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a possible embodiment of a measuring device for carrying out the method of the present invention, showing a detailed arrangement of an underground measuring device. FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing another possible embodiment of the complete measuring device.

■-Soil Figure 1 shows a measuring device for carrying out the method of the present invention, in which a deep borehole Fn is installed in the test area near an object to be protected, such as a nuclear power plant, a hydroelectric power plant, or a chemical plant. (where n is 4 for convenience) is formed, and an underground detector system formed as a borehole facility is placed in said deep borehole Fn. On the depth level Zn of the bottom Tn, the detector system 1n faces a suitably porous granular mass; on the depth level Z'n, the auxiliary detector system 2n faces a dense rock mass; Level Z
”n, another replenishment detector system 3n is arranged. With the detector system 1n arranged at the bottom Tn,
Taking into account the bottom temperature and its variations as well as the elasticity of the rock, the detector system measures vibrations in two selected audio frequency bands. It is possible to use a combination of known devices commonly used for carrying out geophysical measurements using core boring, for example the device disclosed in Hungarian Patent No. 188,920.

A detector system 2n, which is a replenishment system installed at the depth level Z'n opposite the porous lamina, determines the pressure of the borehole fluid (deep borehole Fn) through a pipe with a filter, The temperature, its slope (value of the difference in change) and the degree of translucency, gas saturation, its change, electrical resistance and current, as well as the horizontal and vertical values of the electrochemical potential and its change are measured. Furthermore, we will measure the population of microorganisms in the fluid in the borehole and its changes over time.

The measurement method described above can also be carried out using known measuring devices. The pressure and temperature of the liquid in the borehole can be measured using a device adapted from the detector system 1n.

Hungarian Patent No. 146 for the measurement of electrical resistance, conductivity, natural or excited potentials and the measurement of electrochemical potentials
Known measuring devices disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 046, Japanese Patent No. 154144, Japanese Patent No. 154533, and Japanese Patent No. 163743 can be appropriately used.

Measuring devices for measuring electrical and electrochemical potentials are provided with electrode pairs that detect the vertical and horizontal components of said values, thus using suitably separated measurement channels.

As is clear from FIG. 1, at the depth level Z''n another supplementary detector system 3n is arranged opposite a suitably tight rock mass.
and 2n are to be placed at the same depth level z'' or z IIn, which is the recommended feasible arrangement depending on the geological characteristics of the test area). In the embodiment shown here: A detector system 3n is used to measure natural radioactivity, magnetic parameters, and seismic signals and their changes.

The device for detecting the frequency of seismic signals is provided with at least one selective filter element that can be switched to infrasonic, sonic and ultrasonic frequencies. In the case of the present invention, among known devices, modern measuring devices necessary for measuring natural radioactivity (e.g.
1500 series).

According to the geophysical methods normally practiced in deep borehole installations, the detector systems In, 2n and 3n are designed as probes suitably resistant to liquids, pressure and temperature and are conveniently compact. In an embodiment, the above measurement group is followed. Said equipment is connected to a data receiving and measuring device installed on the earth's surface via a transmission element 5n (using a core boring cable with an appropriate number of cores), optionally via an amplifier and filter device 4n, according to the invention. In this case, it is connected to a multi-channel recording device 6n. The multi-channel recording device 6n records mechanical signals (for example, line recording).
, optical signal, magnetic signal and digital signal recording devices;
or a combination thereof, of recording or data storage elements of known design. In addition to the measurement data, the multichannel recording device also records spatial and temporal parameters belonging to a single measurement data.

Another essential element of the measuring equipment thus developed is the seismic observatory O, whose seismogram recorder supplies surface measurement data that can be considered at the same time as a reference.

The seismic observatory O is connected by means of telemetry devices Tr to other remote measuring locations and thus interconnected with national communication systems or international communication networks. At the same time, the telemetry device receives measurement data reaching the ground, for example from a satellite, an infrared image of the area, radiation values and any changes thereof. The measurement data obtained from the seismic station O and the telemetry device Tr, together with the relevant three-dimensional and temporal parameters, are recorded or stored in a multichannel recording device 6n, and this fact Starting from device Tr, it is indicated in FIG. 1 by a dashed arrow pointing toward multichannel recording device 6n. Processing and evaluation of measurement data and when dangerous situations are foreseen.
The necessary warning means, for example a measuring device center for initiating the alarm, are formed at the seismic observatory 0 itself, so that the telemetry means utilized at the observatory can be utilized in the most economical manner. Therefore, the measurement data stored in the multi-channel recorder 6n can be transferred simultaneously into the seismic station 0 more accurately, as indicated by the dashed arrow starting from the multi-channel recorder 6n and pointing towards the seismic station 0. for,
It is sent to the measurement center within it. With the measuring device developed in this way (shown in the block diagram in Figure 1),
The method of the invention is carried out as follows.

A detector system In, 2n or 3n, placed in a deep borehole Fn placed around the object to be protected and installed in a suitable geodynamic polygon, receives the results of subsurface measurements and makes observations. Ground surface measurement data arrives from the seismometer at station 0, and measurement data from the remote ground surface measurement from the remote measuring device Tr is simultaneously and continuously sent to the multichannel recording device 6n and the measurement center in earthquake observatory O. arrive at. In the multichannel recording device 6n and simultaneously in the measurement center, the measurement data are processed and interpreted in succession.

The processing of measurement data consists, in part, of the time function of the signal,
Determine its maximum value, the possible periodicity of the signal (cycle parameters of development), its change over time (-derivative ratio), the rate of change (second-order derivative), and also all the values measured and determined. Collectively evaluate independent numbers (some of which are interdependent). During the evaluation, measurement data obtained in a single deep borehole Fn can be used for a single measurement parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature, electrical resistance,
The time course of the electrochemical potential was tested (determined) at each measuring point (and thus the relationship to each other) and the same deep borehole Fn
inside, but at different depth levels Zn, Z'n and Z'n
test the ratio of the numerical values of parameters of the same characteristic measured at further testing (determining) the interrelationship of parameter values of the same characteristic obtained in a single deep borehole Fn or changes in said relationship (e.g. changes in pressure and temperature at the bottom Tn); Furthermore, the aforementioned comparison method tests (determines) the degree of general variation of suitably selected parameter combinations (in space and time) or measurement properties, such as amplitude, periodicity, rate of change. For example, void volume, liquid resistance, layer temperature,
Appropriate level changes in electrochemical potential, bed pressure and micro-vibration are evaluated comprehensively and can optionally be achieved using a complete measuring device installed together with the usual equipment on the equipment stand.

Furthermore, we tested the intensity of changes to be measured on the ground surface and above ground, and the relationship between this and the rate of change of numerical values measured underground,
decide. Therefore, the most woody feature of the method of the present invention is
The collection of measurements obtained underground is compared with the surface measurement data (in the case of the present invention, seismic data considered as reference) and evaluated, while at the same time determining the specific geological environment, morphological data and topography. Comparisons are made with measurement data obtained on the ground, such as changes in the infrared image of the area, radiation, taking into account the scientific data and the basic characteristics of the area.

The measurement results processed in this way are evaluated. A program for determining a time series of a phenomenon that occurs in some cases based on spatial and temporal changes, degree of change rate, periodicity, etc. of numerical values of a single parameter or a group of parameters, and for quantitative estimation of the time series ( So-called prediction programs) determine forecasts (together with quantitative probabilities) regarding the expected timing and severity of earthquakes.

The result of the judgment task determines that two independent parameters (
In all cases in which a critical value set empirically in advance is obtained as a result of estimation for a group of parameters (or a group of parameters), a state of seismic danger is considered to be possible, and in this case a warning should be issued and necessary precautionary measures should be taken. issue a command. This evaluation method, carried out with a high safety factor, is considered mandatory, taking into account the significant importance of the work in terms of life and material safety. Economic losses arising from damage to operating nuclear power plants or damage to chemical plants producing toxic substances due to the effects of earthquakes can be reduced by applying the method of the present invention, namely:
Ordering the object in question to cease operation would result in far more "unnecessary" expenditures than would be expected. Avoiding major disasters that cause not only economic damage but also loss of life is
It is recommended not only when it is economically optimal but also when it is considered possible.

FIG. 2 shows a system diagram of another embodiment of the measuring device developed to implement the method of the present invention.

The seismological data of surface measurements shown in the drawings are from Earthquake Observatory O.
The signal of the seismometer cluster 11 is conveniently guided to an A/D converter via an amplification device E, after which the converted signal at an appropriate amplification level and frequency is transmitted by a radio transmitter. The data will be sent to the computer-aided center SZK for measuring equipment. In addition, surface or underground measurements
It is carried out by an automatic measuring device AM, which single measuring device is installed in the test area or in the environment of the object to be protected, the geographical and rock characteristics being taken into account during the installation.

In the case of this example, the surface measurements include geomagnetic, gravimetric, geoelectrical and geodetic measurements, and therefore the surface measurement device of the automatic measurement device AM is a geomagnetic measurement device 12, for example from the Hungarian MT-GGK 1 company. It consists of an MTV-2 type variometer, a magnetochilric proton preset magnetometer, a gravimeter 13, a laser strain meter 14, a rock strain meter connected thereto, and a geoelectric measuring device 15, such as an induction probe.

Said measuring device may be used for purposes other than those according to the invention.
Commonly used in geophysical and geodetic measurement techniques.

When developing the measuring device according to the invention, among several known types of measuring devices, the measuring device according to Hungarian Patent No. 186,678 “Method and circuit arrangement for measuring structural and constitutional properties of soil” was also used.

Measurements are carried out continuously or at a suitable sampling frequency using a measuring device, and at the same time underground measurements are carried out in a deep borehole Fn surrounding the object to be protected using a device installed in the test area. It was carried out as described in connection with Example 1.

The automatic measuring device AM includes a remote measuring device Tr as another element.
This includes measurement data that partly comes from the ground, e.g. from satellites, e.g. changes in the infrared image of the area, changes in radioactivity, and also partly comes from other measurement points. accept.

Single ground and ground measuring device, e.g. geomagnetic measuring device 1
2. The weight scale 13, the laser strain meter 14, the earth electric measuring device 15, the measuring device installed in the deep boring 6Fn (not shown in Fig. 2), and the remote measuring device Tr are connected to the amplifier E. It is connected via an A/D 'analog-to-digital converter and, furthermore, to a radio transmitter RA' installed on the output side, in which case also the measurement data reach the computer-aided center SZK.

The computer-aided setter SZK transmits the radio transmitter R of earthquake observatory 0 via the radio receiver RV or RV'.
A or the radio transmitter RA' of the automatic measuring device AM. The radio receiver RV or RV' is connected to the data receiving device AF of the computer aided center SZK. The measurement data that is measured, converted and transmitted remotely during processing is accompanied by a time signal from a clock T connected to the data receiving device AF, after which the data is transferred to a recording device.
In the case of the present invention, it is sent to the inkwriter TK and data memory AT. The transmission, reception, storage and/or visual analogue display of the measurement data takes place continuously and simultaneously with the measurement. The output of the data memory is the computer technology equipment 5ZTI! of the Computer Center SZK! , where the data is simultaneously stored and processed and evaluated. The design of the computer technical equipment 5ZTH itself is well known and usually includes a computer SZG, connected peripherals, a display DP, a magnetophone M
and console KO. Depending on the results of the data processing and determination according to the method of the invention, in the event of an earthquake danger situation, the computer technology device 5ZTE activates the acoustic and optical warning device HRF installed on the output side. The acoustic and optical warning device HFR gives an alarm even if the observatory O and/or the automatic measuring device AM are damaged.

Computer Technical Equipment WISZTH's Computer S
The ZG processes the data according to the data processing method shown in connection with FIG. 1 and then evaluates the dark and function sequences thus obtained. The time series of the parameters of the measuring device and their increments, or the measured and determined data, are automatically determined by a so-called prediction program that quantitatively estimates them.

Besides the automatic digital data processing of the computer SZG, the direct (analogue) display of the measurement data is of utmost importance, which in the case of the invention is realized by an ink-writer TK.

Even in the case of fully automatic systems, the role of creative human intelligence should not be ignored when determining unexpected and surprising new phenomena.

As already described in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. The computer technology equipment 5ZTE issues a warning about the seismic danger situation,
Necessary precautionary measures will be taken at that time.

The detection of bed aggregates, the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of the bed fluid filling the voids and the drilling bed fluid and their changes, as well as the complex processing methods used during the course of the process, i.e. A method for testing changes in parameters in space and time, comparing them as such and with each other, testing a set of tested parameters as a whole, and comparing the results of underground measurements with those obtained at the surface and above ground; The method of the present invention, which includes the characteristics of a method for evaluating the measurement data by taking into account the main geographical and petrographical conditions, enables the observation of crustal tectonic phenomena already at their initiation stage, that is, their genesis stage, and Collectively arises the possibility of yielding a determination of the elastic deformation of.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of one possible embodiment of a measuring device implementing the method of the invention, showing a detailed arrangement of the underground measuring device, and FIG. 2 is a diagram of another possible embodiment of the complete measuring device. It is a system diagram showing an aspect. Fn...bore hole, Tn...bottom, in,
2n and 3n...Detector system, 4n...Filter device, 5...Transmission device, 6n...Multi-channel recording device, 0...Earthquake observatory, remote measuring device Tr, 11... Seismograph group, 12... Underground measurement results, 13...
・Weight scale, 14... Laser strain meter, 15
...Earth electricity measuring device, E...Amplifying device, AM...Automatic measuring device, SZK...Computer aided center, R
A and RA'...wireless transmitter, RV and RV'...wireless receiver, AF...data receiving device, DP...display.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. To protect equipment continuously while predicting or observing natural and/or artificially induced earthquakes, performing seismic measurements, and telemeasuring and evaluating measurements. complex physical and/or complex physical and/or or observing geophysical and/or geochemical and/or geodetic as well as biological and microbiological parameters, at least one of which is observed below the ground, conveniently in a deep borehole; , furthermore, also measuring changes in said parameters, telemetering, recording and storing the measurements, further evaluating and determining their amplitude and/or period and/or frequency spectrum and the abruptness of the changes; Compare the measured and determined values with each other and/or with the values of one or more other parameters, determine their relative strength and the time series and incremental time series of a single parameter or group of parameters, test Taking into account the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the area, estimate the said time series, and as a result of the estimation, all characterized by warning of an earthquake danger situation,
A method of predicting or observing natural and/or artificially induced earthquakes and protecting equipment. 2. Measuring infrared thermal images and/or natural gamma rays, natural radiation and their single spectral values and their weight changes on the ground, geodetic and/or geoelectrical and/or
or measuring the geomagnetic and/or gravimetric parameters, underground, of the borehole and the liquid contained in the borehole and/or of the formation liquid or gas filling the formation aggregates and/or voids adjacent to the borehole; 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that chemical, geophysical and microbiological parameters are measured and spatial and temporal variations of said values are determined on all three levels. the method of. 3. Carrying out geodetic and geoelectrical measurements simultaneously on the earth's surface, and detecting small topographical changes on the earth's surface in the horizontal and vertical directions, conveniently using laser strain gauges, during the geodetic measurements. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 4. Carry out subsurface measurements in deep boreholes, at multiple depth levels simultaneously, at the bottom point of the deep borehole and in suitably porous and/or suitably tight layers, and interoperate the measurements. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the value is compared with a value measured at a point, preferably at the bottom. 5. In deep boreholes, changes in pressure and temperature, i.e. pressure and/or electrical resistance of the liquid, natural potential and current changes and/or spectra, and/or formation or propagation of seismic waves and/or gas saturation or liquid semi- Claims characterized in that transparency, magnetic or electrochemical parameters are measured and furthermore a population analysis of suitably selected microorganisms is carried out, at least two of said values being simultaneously measured and recorded. The method according to any one of paragraphs 1, 2, or 4. 6. Underground measurements are carried out in several, conveniently four, geologically appropriately selected deep boreholes in the area to be tested, for example in the area surrounding the object to be protected, with a single The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4, and 5, characterized in that values of parameters measured in a deep borehole and changes thereof are compared with each other. the method of. 7. During the electrical and electrochemical measurements, the vertical and horizontal components of the measured value are each measured separately using separate pairs of electrodes in the measurement channel. The method according to any one of items 1 to 6.