JPS6129895A - Musical sound generator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a musical tone generation device using a waveform memory reading method, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a musical tone generation device using a waveform memory reading method. The present invention relates to a musical tone generating device that reads out a stored waveform memory and generates a high quality musical tone signal.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, the entire waveform from the start to the end of a musical tone, or a multi-cycle waveform of a part thereof, is stored in a waveform memory, and by reading out this waveform memory, a high-quality musical tone that closely resembles that of a natural instrument can be produced. There is a musical tone generating device which can generate a musical tone (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1982-1.21.313).

However, since this musical tone generator reads out all or part of the waveform stored in the waveform memory and directly generates it as a musical tone signal, the timbre changes of the generated musical tone are uniform and musically interesting. The disadvantage is that there is no Therefore, we have implemented key scaling control that changes the timbre according to the pitch and range of the musical sound to be generated, touch response control that changes the timbre according to the operational state of the performance keys (operation speed, operation strength), and various controls. If it is possible to perform operator control that changes the tone color depending on the operating state of the controller, it is necessary to provide multiple waveform memories for each control content and select and read out one of these memories, which may complicate the configuration. At the same time, there was a drawback that the capacity of the waveform memory was enormous.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

This invention solves the problem that the configuration becomes complicated when performing tone change control such as key scaling control in a musical tone generator that generates high-quality musical tone signals as described above, and that the capacity of the waveform memory is limited. This is an attempt to solve the problem of a huge amount of memory, and the object is to provide a musical tone generating device capable of imparting timbre changes such as key scaling control with a simple and small-capacity waveform memory configuration.

[Means for solving problems]

A musical tone generating device according to the present invention includes a waveform generating means including a waveform memory as described above, and generates an address signal corresponding to the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and uses this address signal for reading out the waveform memory. a feedback means for feeding back the output signal of the waveform generating means; and a modulation means for modulating the address signal used for reading the waveform memory according to the fed-back signal. .

[Effect]

The output signal of the waveform generating means is fed back, and the address signal method 8 is modulated in accordance with the fed back signal, so that the waveform data stored in the waveform memory is read out in an address modulated state, that is, the phase is adjusted. As a result, the waveform of the musical tone signal generated by the waveform generating means does not correspond exactly to the waveform stored in the waveform memory, but is suitably changed from the waveform stored in the waveform memory, thereby realizing a timbre change.

By controlling the amount of feedback in the feedback means according to a desired tone change parameter such as key scaling, key touch, or operation of an operator, the degree of modulation is controlled, thereby obtaining a musical tone signal with a desired color change. .

As mentioned above, the waveform memory stores the entire waveform from the start to the end of the musical tone, or multiple cycles of a part of it (these multiple cycles may be continuous or discontinuous). Since the data is stored in advance, if the waveform data stored in the waveform memory is read out as is without modulation, a high-quality musical tone signal with unique timbre characteristics can be obtained.

According to the present invention, the unique timbre characteristics of this high-quality musical tone signal are subtly and variably controlled in accordance with timbre change parameters such as key scaling, key touches, or operator operations. The amount of feedback mentioned above is sufficient to compensate for subtle changes in tone. Please note that it is not the purpose of this invention to change the unique timbre characteristics themselves.
Individual tone types selectable with the tone selection switch (
For example, in order to be able to selectively generate musical tone signals with unique timbre characteristics corresponding to piano, flute 1, etc., it is necessary to The waveform data may be stored individually in the waveform memory.

According to the present invention, when a plurality of cycles of waveform data are stored in a waveform memory and a high-quality musical tone signal is generated based on the waveform data read out from the waveform data, the Since there is no need to store waveform data, the problem of increasing the capacity of the waveform memory does not arise, and the configuration can be simplified. Further, since a desired timbre change is achieved by simply feeding back the generated waveform signal to the address input side of the waveform memory, the structure can be simplified in this respect as well.

〔Example〕

FIG. 2 is an overall block diagram showing an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied, and an embodiment of the internal configuration of the I-engine generator 10 shown therein is shown in FIG. 1. There is. The features of this invention are mainly best shown in FIG.

First, the overall configuration of the electronic musical instrument according to this embodiment will be explained with reference to FIG. By assigning each key to be pressed, musical tones corresponding to a plurality of keys to be pressed can be generated at the same time. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a keyboard equipped with a plurality of performance keys for specifying the pitch of musical tones to be generated.

2 detects the pressed keys on the keyboard 1, assigns the key code KC corresponding to each pressed key to one of a plurality of time-division sounding channels (hereinafter simply referred to as the sounding channel), and at a timing synchronized with this assigned channel. This is a key assigner that outputs time-divisionally. In this case, KEA → NOINA 2 assigns a key code KC corresponding to the pressed key, and at the same time, the logic "" is used until the pressed key is released.
1” is output in synchronization with the assigned channel, and when the key code KC of a newly pressed key is assigned to any of the sound generation channels, a short pulse width key-on pulse KO indicating this is output.
NP ('"1" signal) is output at a timing synchronized with the assigned channel.

3 is a note clock generator that outputs a note clock signal NCK of a frequency corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key in a time-division manner for each sound generation channel based on the key code KC output from the key assigner 2; 4 is the note clock signal NCK;
5 is an address counter that counts the note clock signal NCK inputted through the gate 4 for each sound generation channel to form an address signal AD of a waveform memory in the tone generator 10, which will be described later. It is. This address counter 5 has a plurality of count channels respectively corresponding to a plurality of sound generation channels, and the note clock signal NCK inputted from the note clock generator 3 at a timing corresponding to each sound generation channel is sent to each corresponding count channel. The count values of each count channel are time-divisionally output as address signals A and D of the waveform memory.

In this case, when a new pressed key is assigned to the corresponding sound generation channel, the previous count value of each count channel is reset by the key-on pulse KONP output from the key assigner 2, and a new count operation is started from this reset value. Start.

6 is an end address detection circuit that detects whether the address signal AD of each sound generation channel outputted from the address counter 5 has reached the final address value of the waveform memory, and the address signals A and D are the final address of the waveform memory. When the value is reached, an inhibit signal is supplied to the gate 4 via the inverter 8 at the time division timing of the sound generation channel of this address signal AD, and the count channel that reached the final address value in the AT 1/counter 5 Stops the counting operation.

9 is a tone selection circuit for selecting a desired tone such as piano or violin; tone selection information TC representing the selected tone;
Output.

10 is provided with a waveform memory that stores waveform information regarding all waveforms of musical tones from the start to the end of sound generation for each tone selectable by the tone color selection circuit 9, and receives the waveform information of this waveform memory from the address counter 5. A tone generator that generates a musical tone signal G corresponding to the pitch of a pressed key by reading it using an address signal ADK,
As mentioned above, it has a plurality of sound generation channels corresponding to the number of simultaneous sounds. This sound generation channel is constructed by using a circuit including a waveform memory in a time-division manner.

11 is a touch detection circuit that detects the speed or strength of key operation on the keyboard 1 and outputs touch information TS representing this; 12 is touch information TS outputted from the touch detection circuit 11 and from the tone selection circuit 9; This is a touch data generation circuit that outputs touch data TD having characteristics suitable for the selected tone color based on the output tone color selection information TCK, in accordance with the touch information TS; here, two series of touch data TI).

Output TD2.

13 is the key-on signal KO output from the key assigner 2
Envelope-1 signal E N starts operation with H, and is used to change the tone and amplitude of the musical tone signal G formed in each sound generation channel over the opening time from its rise to fall.
V is an all-generated envelope signal generation circuit, and the envelope signal ENV generated from this circuit has a different waveform shape for each selected tone indicated by the tone selection information TC, and two series of envelope signals ENV are generated for each selected tone.
,.

It is output as ENV2.

14, based on the key code KC output from the key assigner 2 and the timbre selection information TC output from the timbre selection circuit 9, the timbre and amplitude of the musical tone signal G formed in each sound generation channel are adjusted to the tonal range of the pressed key and the selected timbre. This is a key scaling control circuit that outputs key scaling information KS for controlling accordingly, and similarly to the circuits 12 and 13 described above, two series of key scaling information KS, KS2 are output here as well.

Reference numeral 15 includes a plurality of operators for controlling tone elements such as timbre and volume in order to control the brightness of musical tones, and operator information OPD according to the operating status of these operators.
This is an operator circuit that outputs two series of operator information OPD, , OPD.

is output.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a DA converter that converts the digital tone signal G of each sound generation channel generated by the tone generator 10 into an analog tone signal, and causes the sound system 17 to generate the tone as a tone.

Note that the touch data generation circuit 12, the envelope signal generation circuit 13, and the key scaling control circuit 14 control the timbre and amplitude of the musical tone signal G for each sound generation channel, so two series of touch data TD, TD2. Key scaling information KS.

KS2 and envelope (i.ENV,,ENV.

is output in synchronization with the time division timing corresponding to each sound generation channel. Here, the touch data TD, , 'rD2 outputted by the touch data generation circuit 12 and the envelope signal ENV outputted by the envelope signal generation circuit 13 are
Examples of the key scaling information KS, KS2 output by 1, ENV2 and the key scaling control circuit 14 are shown in FIGS. 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c), respectively. In this case, the data output characteristics of each circuit 12 to 14 differ depending on the tone color indicated by the tone color selection information TC.

As shown in FIG. 1, the tone generator 10 includes a waveform memory 20 as waveform generating means. In this example, it is assumed that the waveform memory 20 stores waveform data relating to all waveforms of musical tones from the start to the end, using the pulse code modulation method (PCM), and one set of such waveform data is stored as a timbre. It is assumed that each tone color selectable by the selection circuit 9 is stored separately. A set of waveform data to be read from the waveform memory 20 is specified according to the tone selection information TC, and the specified set of waveform data (waveform data of all waveforms from the start to the end of sound generation) is stored in the address counter. According to the address signal AD given from 5, each sample point is read out sequentially.

The address signals A and D are not directly applied to the sample point address input of the waveform memory 20, but are sent to the adder 21.
given via. The readout output of the waveform memory 20 via the feedback loop 22 is applied to the other input of the adder 21 . This feedback loop 22 is provided with a multiplier 22a, and a waveform memory 22a is provided.
The read output signal of 0 is multiplied by a coefficient E, and this coefficient E
.

The amount of feedback of the read output signal is controlled by.

The coefficient generation circuit 23 is for generating the coefficient E based on various timbre change parameters, and uses the touch data TI), envelope, which is output from each circuit 12 to 15 in FIG. 2 as the timbre change parameter. Signal ENV,,
key scaling information KS, and operator information OPD,
are input respectively.

The coefficient generating circuit 23 is composed of an arithmetic circuit such as an addition circuit, a coefficient memory, or a combination thereof, and receives various input tone color change parameters TD.

The coefficient E1 as a function of ENV, KS, ,OPD,
occurs.

On the other hand, the read output signal of the waveform memory 20 is sent to the multiplier 25.
is given to and multiplied by a coefficient E2 for amplitude control. This coefficient E2 is data TD2 and ENV2 given from each circuit 12 to 15 in FIG.

It is generated from the coefficient generation circuit 24 based on KS, , 0PD2. The coefficient generating circuit 24 has the same configuration as the above-described coefficient generating circuit 23, and generates the coefficient E2 as a function of the input data TD2 to OPD.

Each of these circuits 20 forming the tone generator 10
25 all operate in a time-division manner, and form musical tone signals G assigned to each sound generation channel in a time-division manner. Note that at the sample timing when the waveform data of the same sample point is read out from the waveform memory 20, the feedback loop 22
An appropriate time delay element shall be set for .

To explain the operation of FIG. 1 regarding one sound generation channel, the waveform data of the sample point read from the waveform memory 20 is controlled in the multiplier 22a by a feedback amount according to the coefficient E1, and the value of the waveform data of the sample point read from the waveform memory 20 is controlled by the amount of feedback according to the coefficient E1. When the point address signal AD is applied to the adder 21, it is input to the adder 21. This changes the address signal ADO value, and the changed address signal (i.e. adder 2
Waveform data is read out from the waveform memory 20 according to the output of 1).

In this way, the address signal for reading out the waveform memory 20 is modulated by the readout output signal of the waveform memory 20 itself, and an effect equivalent to phase modulation or frequency modulation can be obtained. Due to this modulation, the waveform corresponding to the waveform data read out from the waveform memory 20 is
The waveform becomes different from the waveform originally stored in 0, and a timbre change is realized. The degree of this timbre change is determined according to the degree of modulation. This modulation degree is determined by the feedback loop 22
It corresponds to the feedback amount of , and is controlled by the coefficient E. Modulation of the address signal AD via such a feedback loop 22 results in complex modulation because it is further modulated by the modulated signal (waveform memory readout output). Generally, when the degree of modulation is zero, waveform data that directly realizes the waveform stored in the waveform memory 20 is read out, but when the degree of modulation is deepened (
When the coefficient E1 is increased), waveform data that realizes a waveform containing more harmonic components is read out.

For example, the key scaling information KS, KS2 is shown in Figure 3 (
C), and the coefficient EIt"2 also occurs with the corresponding characteristic, KS.

The coefficient E, which corresponds to , takes on a larger value as the pitch of the musical tone to be generated increases, so the key scaling of the timbre is such that the modulation depth becomes deeper in the high range, and the harmonic components increase as the sound becomes higher. Control is achieved. On the other hand, the value of the coefficient E2 corresponding to KS2 decreases as the pitch of the musical tone to be generated increases, so that key scale link control of the volume is realized such that the volume decreases as the pitch of the musical tone increases.

In general, high-pitched sounds are audible at a high audible volume level, so by controlling the volume key scaling as described above, it is possible to make any sound range audible at the same audible level.

Furthermore, if the touch data TD, , TD2 are generated with the characteristics as shown in FIG. 3(a), and the coefficients E, , E2 are also generated with the corresponding characteristics, the coefficient E corresponding to TD is The value increases non-linearly as the key touch becomes stronger.

Therefore, the stronger the key touch, the deeper the degree of modulation non-linearly becomes, and a corresponding timbre change is realized.

Furthermore, the envelope signals INV, , ENV2 are shown in Fig. 3 (
1)), and the coefficients F, , E2 also occur with the corresponding characteristics, ENV.

The coefficient E corresponding to this has characteristics such as attack and decay as shown in the figure. Therefore, the degree of modulation is controlled in response to the rise and fall of musical tones, and timbre changes are realized accordingly. The reason why the envelope signal ENV2 for amplitude control maintains a constant level from beginning to end while the key is being pressed, as shown in the figure, is that the waveform data read from the waveform memory 20 corresponds to a musical sound waveform to which an envelope has been applied in advance. This is because it is a thing.

Regarding the operator information OPD, . . . 0PD2, corresponding coefficients E1, E, .

Note that the adder 21 for address modulation may be a subtraction or other arithmetic unit, and the multiplier 22a of the feedback loop 22 may also be another arithmetic unit.

In addition, as shown by broken lines in FIG. 2, the key code KC, touch information TS, operator information OPD, . If the rise time, fall (decay) time, and level of each part of ENV2 are changed as appropriate according to the sound range of the pressed key, the operation speed or operation strength, and the operation state of the operator in the operator circuit 15,
You can obtain musical tones with more complex changing tones.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a digital filter 26 may be inserted into the feedback loop 22.

The filter control coefficient E3 is the above-mentioned coefficient E I HE
Similar to 2, it is assumed that the signal is generated based on key scaling information, touch data, envelope signal, or operator information. This digital filter 26 controls (eg, smooths) the waveform of the waveform memory read output signal fed back to the address input side, thereby making it possible to control the modulated wave component. In the figure, the digital filter 26 is provided before the multiplier 22a, but it may be provided after the multiplier 22a.

Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 1 or FIG. 4, a digital filter may be provided on the output side of the multiplier 25 to apply filter control to the musical tone signal G in order to further change the tone color.

In the embodiments described above, the waveform memory stores the entire waveform from the rise (start of sound) to the fall (end of sound) of the musical tone. It is also possible to store only the entire waveform and a portion of the subsequent waveforms. In addition, instead of storing all the waveform information at each sample point of the waveform to be stored in the waveform memory, only the waveform information at discrete sample points is stored, and the waveform information at intermediate sample points is calculated by interpolation. You can do it like this.

Furthermore, the multi-period waveform stored in the waveform memory may consist not only of continuous plural periods but also of discontinuous plural periods. For example, the period from the rise to the fall of a musical note is divided into multiple frames, and each frame is divided into one representative frame.
Stores only the waveform information of a period or two periods of waveform,
This waveform information may be read out repeatedly while switching sequentially, and if necessary, the previous waveform and the next new waveform may be interpolated to form smoothly changing waveform information when switching the waveform. It's okay.

Alternatively, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-142396, only waveform information of a plurality of cycles of musical sound waveforms may be stored in a waveform memory, and this waveform information may be repeatedly read out. In this way, the capacity of the waveform memory can be further reduced.

Furthermore, the encoding method of waveform data stored in the waveform memory is not limited to the above-mentioned PCM method, but also differential PCM method, delta modulation method (DM method), adaptive PCM method (ADPCM method), and adaptive delta modulation method (ADPCM method). , DM method), and other appropriate methods may be used. In that case, in the waveform generating means.

In addition to the waveform memory, it is also provided with a demodulation circuit for demodulating the waveform memory readout output (obtaining a PCM signal) according to its encoding method.

On the other hand, in the embodiment, the coefficient generation circuit is assumed to respond to all of the key scaling information, envelope signal, touch data, and operator information.

It may be possible to respond to only some of them.

Conversely, it may also respond to timbre selection information in addition to these key scaling information. Further, the characteristic curve shown in FIG. 3 is merely an example, and an appropriate curve can be set depending on the type of timbre and other factors.

Furthermore, in the embodiment, the address signal for reading the waveform information of the waveform memory is formed by counting the note clock signal, but it is also possible to accumulate or add/subtract frequency information corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key. It may be formed by Also, depending on the structure of the waveform memory,
The address signal may be a note clock signal instead of a digital binary code. Furthermore, if waveform data is stored separately for each pitch in the waveform memory, the address signal may be generated at a common rate of change for any pitch.

Furthermore, in the embodiment, musical tones are generated by applying the present invention over the entire period from the rise to the fall of the musical tones, but the musical tones are generated for a part of the entire period from the rise to the fall of the musical tones ( For example, the present invention may be applied to only the attack part or only the sustaining part after the attack part to generate musical tones.Furthermore, the present invention is applicable not only to multitone electronic musical instruments but also to musical tone generation of monophonic electronic musical instruments. Furthermore, it can be used not only for generating musical tones corresponding to scale tones, but also for generating rhythm tones.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the read address of the waveform memory is modulated by feeding back a signal corresponding to the waveform data read from the waveform memory, so that only one type of high-quality waveform can be stored in the waveform memory. However, based on this memorized waveform, it is now possible to realize similarly high-quality waveforms with various timbre changes (timbre changes according to the pitch of a key touch or key press, or other timbre change factors). This provides an excellent effect in that such high-quality tone changes can be realized with a relatively small-scale and low-cost configuration.

(24,

[BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS] FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a musical tone generator according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the internal configuration of the tone generator shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 3 is a graph showing examples of touch data, envelope signals, and key scaling information in the embodiment of FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a modified part of the tone generator of FIG. 1, showing another embodiment of the invention. FIG. 1...Keyboard, 10...Tone generator, 12.
...Touch data generation circuit, 13...Envelope signal generation circuit, 14...Key scaling control circuit, 1
5... Operator circuit, 20... Waveform memory, 21...
- Adder for address modulation, 22... Feedback loop, 22a... Multiplier for feedback amount control, 23° 24... Coefficient generation circuit, 25... Multiplier for amplitude control, 26. ...Digital filter.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Address signal generation means for generating an address signal corresponding to the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and continuous generation means for generating a part or all of a musical sound waveform from the start of sound generation to the end of sound generation. or a waveform generating means including a waveform memory storing waveform data for a plurality of discontinuous periods, reading the waveform data from the waveform memory according to the address signal and generating a musical tone signal based on the waveform data, and an output signal of the waveform generating means. A musical tone generation device comprising: feedback means for feeding back the address signal; and modulation means for modulating the address signal used for reading the waveform memory according to the fed-back signal. 2. The musical tone generating device according to claim 1, wherein the feedback means includes arithmetic means for controlling the amount of feedback according to the timbre change parameter. 3. The musical tone generating device according to claim 2, wherein the timbre change parameter is comprised of a coefficient signal that takes different values depending on the pitch or range of the musical tone to be generated. 4. The timbre change parameter is composed of a coefficient signal that takes a different value depending on a key touch signal indicating the degree of touch applied to the key for specifying the pitch of the musical tone to be generated. The musical tone generating device according to scope 2. 5. The musical tone generating device according to claim 2, wherein the timbre change parameter is composed of a coefficient signal that takes a different value depending on the content of the operation of the operator. 6. The musical tone generating device according to claim 1, wherein the feedback means includes a filter in a feedback loop.