JPH03503323A - Optical device that projects images for three-dimensional observation - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Optical device that projects images for three-dimensional observation The present invention relates to an optical device for projecting an image for three-dimensional observation.

The technical sector of the invention is to provide projectors and three-dimensional images.

One of the claims of the invention provides a microscope for three-dimensional observation of objects under high magnification. It is to be.

Various devices for three-dimensional observation are already known, and today, after a century, people are still using them. creates optical images, three dimensions and color tones are important research topics in the imaging field.

In particular, in 1947, Dents GABOR However, this holography was invented in 1961 with the advent of lasers. This is the only practical method that has emerged. Photography has nothing to do with photography. , a photosensitive plate, a lens, a mirror or/and an optical fiber and one or more wavelength beams. -requires a low-temperature laser. This coherent optical laser, on the one hand, having a beam that is irradiated onto an object and refracted to said photosensitive plate behind, and on the other hand has a reference beam that is irradiated onto the play. Next, write on the plate. Each memorized position actually has an image of the object, depending on the permissible angle; If possible, at various angles and with high resolution during image restoration in response to laser irradiation. It is possible to perform three-dimensional observation at 300 degrees.

However, the judgment is monochrome. This can cause eye strain and require a stable laser source. is required. Such systems require delicate controls and expensive equipment. It is. In fact, the traditional use of such Except for graphic interference, the technical field is limited and the response to actual important industries is limited. There is no use for it.

Furthermore, in the case of objects to be observed, especially those with small dimensions, three-dimensional and color tone problems arise. This phenomenon occurs, and it is difficult to solve this problem using a device that can magnify each image. Also, other industrial Three-dimensional observation devices are being developed in a special field.

One such device is, in particular, the Vision Saeme (VIsI).

There is a microscope made by N.SAEMME) company. This microscope does not use an eyepiece. , a stereoscopic method is adopted, in fact, two images of the same object according to two different angles are used. Focus on one image. However, of course, the focal area is limited, and various angles It cannot be observed at a certain level. Such systems have small parallax and focus Point depth is also small, viewing distance is limited and angular dispersion is reduced.

Also, for example, Micro-Control (MICTOC0NTR0LE) company or was manufactured by the NACHET-VISION company. There is a stereoscopic microscope that uses a multi-lens screen. This multi-lens screen The horizontal parallax and vertical parallax vary, and the level of magnification and viewing angle It has a three-dimensional effect with limited space.

Also, Nikon (NIKON), Olympus (017) IPIIs) or Zeiss ( Other companies, such as ZEISS, also use binocular systems where appropriate to produce two flat images. Various improvements have been made to stereoscopes that can only give a three-dimensional effect. ing.

For example, commonly used microscopes are equipped with natural light sources or illumination systems (fluorescence, dark areas, etc.). ), or optical systems developed by phase contrast microscopes, polarizing microscopes, and U and V light microscopes. This trend is becoming increasingly advanced to improve observation with any of the instruments. is progressing.

Finally, the combination of a microscope and a computer allows us to obtain information not from a real image, but actually from a secondary image. It may be possible to form a so-called three-dimensional image from the original image. Also, this can be costly. However, the operating system is time-consuming.

Without these systems, the high precision that can be observed by an observer of 1 Å or more at the same time cannot be achieved. A three-dimensional image of the degree cannot be formed.

The problem encountered is to project an image that maintains the natural color of various objects and restores the image. The object of the present invention is to provide a device for three-dimensional observation. Also, such a device can simultaneously Observation can be performed by a plurality of people from various observation angles.

The solution to the problem you are experiencing is to use an existing lens with at least one focal lens. Three-dimensional observation of natural-colored, divergent object light by projecting an image through an objective lens There is a device that does this.

Such devices include, for example, planar duplexes, holographic optical elements It is equipped with an optical plane that reflects light, such as a transparent block, and the optical plane or double mirror or a transparent block, which is always located on the irradiation side of the objective lens and which is transparent to the object. A three-dimensional image of an imaginary volume (fictitious volume) Each of the optical planes is rotated according to various angles so as to create s volume [oe]. approximately 20 times r , p, s).

This type of device is an optical device that projects an image for three-dimensional observation.

The advantages of this device are many: it is suitable for various fields of microscopic or quasi-microscopic observation. Can be combined. Also, for example, in a projection room for a large number of people or on a suitable home screen. The training room is simulated using the highly accurate three-dimensional effect. Within this system, a projected three-dimensional image can be reproduced with high precision.

There are many industrial fields for microscopic observation, and these demands are increasing due to the handling of electronic components and medical fields. Concerning the treatment of medical and biological phenomena.

As mentioned above, in fact, until now, general microscopic observation and quasi-microscopic observation have only been performed with both eyes. through a system and/or on a flat glass screen.

As a first example, a magnified image of the observed object is possible with a stereoscope with a depth of focus. but has no parallax or angular dispersion. In fact, one observer at a time It is only possible to observe a certain point from one angle. As a second example, the statue In short, it is two-dimensional and has no contrast.

Regarding borocratic observation, in this case it is monochrome, distorting the natural colors. Let it happen.

According to the invention, the focus is achieved by optimal selection of the dimensions and respective positions of the components of the device. It may be possible to increase the point depth.

Furthermore, the formed three-dimensional image has two parallaxes. One is vertical, and the other is vertical. One is horizontal. The latter is magnified according to different angles with respect to the optical projection axis. It is possible to observe objects that have been In fact, this angle Ranges from 0° to 360°, excluding inaccessible angles resulting from the object lens. .

Depending on the dimensions of the optical elements that make up the device, the image may also be produced without the use of an eyepiece. several centimeters apart so that several people can observe directly at the same time according to various viewing angles. An imaginary volume that varies between a meter and several meters or tens of meters. ous v.

can be observed remotely from Iume).

Another important advantage is that the three-dimensional image also preserves the color of the object being viewed.

The device of the invention adjusts the sharpness of the image using optical correction means as described below. It may also be possible. The assembly is then a highly capable device that can be adapted for a variety of uses. configure the location. The equipment used for microscopic observation is changing due to the miniaturization of objects. It becomes more compact. As a result, manufacturing costs are reasonable compared to previously unknown efficiencies. It becomes proper.

The following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings. These attached drawings are of minute dimensions. Examples of optical devices for projection images and three-dimensional observation suitable for microscopic analysis of objects are limited. It is intended to be illustrative rather than limiting. However, over a relatively large range and species Other embodiments and claims including various modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention. Ru.

FIG. 1 is a side view of the entire apparatus for projection images according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the device.

Figures 3A and 3B are front and cross-sectional views of one example of a double strand.

FIG. 1 shows that according to the invention, by transmission from behind or reflection from a light source] 1 shows the entire apparatus for projecting an image from an object 1 illuminated by. of said object The image is then provided with at least one focusing lens 2 □ to provide maximum illumination of the object 1 is magnified via a conventional objective lens 2 positioned on the axis AA'. like this This axis is called the projection axis or observation axis.

itself or other optical planes having a certain effect, as described herein or below. An optical plane such as a double plane mirror 5 that reflects light is selected from the inside of the plane. It rotates around an appropriate position of the axis of symmetry YY' located at transversely through the projection axis AA' forming an angle α1 of utility, and The objective lens 2 is arranged so that the image 6 projected behind the surface of the mirror is clearly defined. are located far apart.

Double strand 5 is planar. It can be made into various shapes. For example, square or circular A shape having a symmetry axis is preferable. The components that make up the mirror are optical glass and high-quality non-stainless steel. The clutch may be made of synthetic resin, metal, graphite or various composites. The parts are It is strong enough to withstand the pressure caused by its rotation, and it is also strong enough to withstand its own inertia and The only requirement is that it be light enough so that it is not affected by the drive system and accidents. be. For example, the diameter is 12c[Il to 15c[[1, and the diameter is 1mm to 2mm. It is desirable that it be as thin as possible. The two surfaces are made of silver, aluminum with reflective properties. The reflecting surface is preferably plated with aluminum or gold.

In another embodiment, said double strand 5 is a holographic light called "EOH". It may be possible to replace it with a transparent block containing the optical element. Blocks like this The disk may also have a reflective surface, such as a mirror, in other embodiments. this The mirror constitutes various embodiments as an optical reflective surface with a function similar to a double strand.

The duplex 5 is connected to the main supply 12 and controlled by an ON-OFF switch 11 A drive system such as an electric motor driven by the electric crab knit 10 9 rotates around the axis YY'.

The rotation speed of said mirror or other optical plane with the same function is at least every 20 rotations ( r, p, s) (1000 revolutions per minute), preferably 50 revolutions per second ( That is, it is preferably 3000 revolutions per minute or more.

In fact, a precise three-dimensional image of an object formed by a wide-angle optical element can be dimensions (parallax and deep regions). The support configured to receive the image is tertiary It does not permit or limit the original effect.

In this case, a mirror such as the one designated by the reference numeral 5 in FIG. Image 6 obtained by concentrating various positions of the object 1 observed on the mirror can be received. This image has an aperture corresponding to the diameter of the optical element used. Depending on the angle, visual observation may be possible.

Therefore, in practice, the optical elements inside the mirror and the three-dimensional image can be observed simultaneously at the level of the mirror. It will be done.

If the mirrors are rotating at high rotational speeds, the projection optics can accurately determine the actual spacing of the mirrors. becomes invisible while being detected. Also, the axis of the projection AA' reflected by the mirror Due to the retinal strength of the observer 8 positioned within BB', said observer Only three-dimensional images of objects can be observed.

50 RPM or 3000 RPM are the lowest speeds that will prevent improper observation. It is possible to prevent various kinds of flutter caused by this. The direction of rotation of the optical plane is obtained by It has nothing to do with the statue.

However, when the observer 8 obtains a three-dimensional observation image, the observation is uncertain; Adjustments are necessary if a clear image of the observer is required. In fact, the depth of focus is Small, correction of distortion of the aperture of optical element 2 and correction of distorted image caused by rotation of the image Requires.

As a first modification, the objective lens 2 includes a slot-shaped diaphragm 3; At least the same length as the effective diameter of the largest focusing lens among the object lenses. The width closely corresponds to 1/10 of the diameter, and the optical plane, that is, the double strand 5 and the axis AA' of the projection objective 2. The central longitudinal axis is located within.

Said modification may unambiguize the image 6 and improve the depth of focus.

As a second modification, the projection system includes a modified focusing lens 4, preferably The optical plane is at least the same diameter as the largest dimension of the double strand 5, and and the projection objective lens 2, and the distance from the diaphragm slot 3 is the same as that of the correction lens. is a close enough approximation to the focal length of image 4, thus obtaining the best reference for image 6. Thus, the distance can be adapted by various means.

The second modification involves a projection objective with an aperture slot 3 on a rotating mirror 5. This allows pseudo-norming of lenses 2. In this way, the clarity of image 6 increases, but mainly due to the A rotating mirror located at the rear with respect to the objective lens 2 eliminates the distorted image.

According to a preferred embodiment, for example, in order to simplify the structure of an apparatus for microscopic observation, The axis AA' of the projection objective lens 2 with respect to the rotation axis YY' of the optical plane of the double chain part Angle 1 of the angle is equal to approximately 45°. Therefore, the optical axis of projection and observation is Moved beyond about 90°.

A third modification is that the device A known Fresnel lens type lens screen 7 having a wide aperture is arranged between the to ensure that the image 6 is enlarged.

Said optical element may magnify the rotating mirror 5 and image 6 by a factor of 2, for example. Also, Physically protect the mirror.

Further, the lens screen 7 has a rotating double chain part through a concentric cylinder part. It is inwardly curved to form an imaginary volume formed by the optical plane 5.

The combination of the corrected focus lens 4 and the Fresnel lens type screen 7 4 and the uppermost lens 2 of the projection objective 2. Provides a lenticular system for The various positions of the optical elements mentioned above are Between the lean 7 and the double chain part optical plane 5 and between the optical plane 5 and the corrective focusing lens 4. The distance between the lenses is exactly equal, and is approximately equal to half the focal length of the correction lens 4. It can make it worse. For this reason, the distance is determined so as to improve the clarity of the image 6. It can be adjusted as appropriate.

The optical elements used were all of the non-scratch methacrylate type, e.g. Made of high quality synthetic resin.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the entire image projection apparatus shown in FIG.

In particular, this figure shows the optical phenomenon of the reference of the diaphragm slot 3 in the observation area. rotate The duplex 5 is shown in the resting position.

Only the part of the image 6 of the object 1 is the image calibrated by the aperture slot 3 for the virtual observer. 15 can be observed.

A modified focusing system 4 and a Fresnel lens screen 7 allow the projection objective to be The lens 2 and its aperture slot 3 are referenced within the viewing space of the observer 8 .

The vertical angle dispersion (in the direction of the referenced image 15) is a minimum of 15a, and in fact the species limited by the actual and relative dimensions of each lens. This is the lead of statue 6 Corresponds to direct parallax.

If the double chain optical plane 5 rotates, the oriented slot 15 is preferably is scanned horizontally in the direction of the projection vertical axis AA' and in the observation space of the observer 8. child Therefore, the entire three-dimensional image 6 is analyzed according to various angles. Depends on the durability of the retina. 3D perception is confirmed according to the horizontal angular dispersion 8.

This horizontal angular dispersion is in this case perpendicular to the plane of FIG. For example, a minimum of 60, limited by the status of the location protection mechanism. other conditions In this case, it is theoretically 360.

3A and 3B are a front view and a cross-sectional view of the double strand 5, respectively. in this case , the duplex 5 is no longer described as different types of optical planes with the same function. Not possible. To further improve the quality of the three-dimensional image, the two faces of the double strand are triangular in the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis YY' so that they form a network 17 in parallel. can be carved into

Figure 3B is a cross-sectional view of the mirror 5 taken along the line CC', and shows an excerpt of 17 of the carvings. Here is one example. In this case, the triangular groove 16 is located on a mirror with a diameter of about 12 co+. with a pitch of 100 to 200 micrometers (μm) and an angle of approximately 90°. It is formed with This arrangement is useful if the projection objective has a small aperture. improves the vertical dispersion of the image. As a result, the vertical observation angle β limited in Fig. 2 But it will improve.

Therefore, network 17 is based on the resources used to form this network. Holography with a pitch of several hundred nanometers corresponding to the wavelength from the laser source It can also be a network.

Form. Also, without the need for various eyepieces or other external viewing elements. , restore the three-dimensional effect and the natural color of the object. Focusing of the image is done as appropriate. by moving the projection objectives 2 and 4 and/or moving the object 1 is accomplished by

When microscopic or quasi-microscopic observations are carried out, the device according to the invention having dimensions and optical characteristics, and having an appearance and appearance comparable to known microscopes; can be packaged in a casing. The casing and cover of such equipment The bar may be made of metal, highly durable plastic, composite, or a combination of these materials. It can be done.

The image generated by the device is then recorded with a pulsed laser, photographed or can be holographically recorded or video recorded.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made. .

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. comprising at least one focusing lens and projecting an image through a projection objective (2); It is a device for three-dimensional observation of divergent object light in natural colors with shadows. At least about the axis of symmetry (YY') and across the axis of the objective lens (2). It rotates at a speed of 20 revolutions per second, and a three-dimensional image 6 of the object can be viewed visually, and can be viewed at various angles. form an imaginary volume within the range that allows for similar observation. A device comprising a light-reflecting optical plane (5). 2. The projection objective (2) comprises a slot-shaped diaphragm (3), which diaphragm The length of is at least the same as the maximum diameter of the objective lens, and the width of the aperture is , the central longitudinal axis of the aperture is equal to at least 1/10 of the diameter, and the central longitudinal axis of the aperture is equal to at least 1/10 of the diameter; It is defined by the axis of rotation (YY') of the optical plane (5) and the projection objective (2 ) is located in the plane of the axis (AA') of A device for three-dimensional observation by projecting the image described in . 3. Said device has a focal distance of approximately from the aperture slot (3) to said corrective lens (4). arranged equally spaced between said optical plane (5) and said projection objective (2); and a corrected focusing lens (4), so that the image (6) can be collimated. A three-dimensional view by projecting the image according to claim 2, which is adjustable to A device that detects 4. the projection objective (2) relative to the axis of rotation (YY') of the optical plane (5); The inclination angle (α1) of the axis (AA') is approximately 45°, which is the optical axis of projection and observation. is moved approximately 90°. A device for projecting the image described in item 1 for three-dimensional observation. 5. The rotation speed of said optical plane (5) is at least 50 revolutions per second (i.e. 300 revolutions per second). 0 revolutions per minute). A device for projecting the image described in 1 for three-dimensional observation. 6. Said optical reflective plane (5) is a transparent block with holographic optical elements. as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A device that projects an image for three-dimensional observation. 7. The optical reflective plane (5) is made of silver, gold, aluminum with reflective properties on two sides. Claims 1 to 3 are characterized in that they are double mirrors plated with aluminum. An apparatus for projecting the image according to any one of Item 5 for three-dimensional observation. 8. The two faces of the double mirror have a triangular shape network (17) aligned with the axis of rotation (YY ') is carved in parallel perpendicularly to the A device that projects the image described above for three-dimensional observation. 9. the device is arranged between the rotatable optical plane (5) and the observer (8); A lens screen (7) in the form of a wide aperture Fresnel lens that magnifies the image (6). ) according to any one of claims 1 to 8. A device that projects an image for three-dimensional observation. 10. The lens screen (7) connects to the rotary optical plane through a concentric cylindrical part. Shape the fictitious volume formed by the surface (5) The image according to claim 10, characterized in that the image is inwardly curved to form a A device that projects images and observes them in 3D. 11. The distance between the lens screen (7) and the optical plane (5) and said optical plane (5) and the corrective focus lens (4) are the same, and the corrective focus lens (4) is the same. The focal length of the lens (4) is approximately equal to half of the focal length of the lens (4), and each said distance is , and can also be adjusted so as to obtain a clear image. 3. Projecting the image according to any one of Claims 9 and 10 Original observation device. 12. Said corrective focusing lens (4) has at least the same maximum dimension as the optical plane (5). Claim 3 or Claim 4 characterized in that the diameter is the same. An apparatus for projecting the image according to any one of Item 11 for three-dimensional observation. 13. The dimensions and optical characteristics of the device include: Casing and covering used for microscopic observation and having an appearance equivalent to known microscopes Any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that A device for three-dimensional observation by projecting the image described in .