JP6605817B2 - Air trap chamber - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention comprises a chamber having a housing space that is connected to a blood flow path for circulating blood and can form an air layer, a replacement fluid layer, and a blood layer, and air contained in blood flowing in the blood flow path The present invention relates to an air trap chamber for capturing and removing with an air layer.

  In general, a blood purification apparatus for performing dialysis treatment purifies blood circulating extracorporeally in an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit that constitute a blood circuit for circulating a patient's blood extracorporeally. Blood purifier, and a device body on which various treatment means such as a blood pump for blood purification treatment with the blood circuit and the blood purifier are arranged. An arterial puncture needle and a venous puncture needle can be attached to the tips of the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit, respectively.

  Then, after puncturing the patient with the arterial puncture needle and the venous side puncture needle, the blood of the patient flows through the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit and venous blood circuit) by driving the blood pump. Blood is purified by a blood purifier during the flow process. Normally, an air trap chamber for capturing and removing air contained in blood circulating in the blood circuit is connected to the blood circuit.

  As a conventional air trap chamber, for example, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, it has an accommodation space in which an air layer, a replacement fluid layer (a layer of physiological saline, etc.) and a blood layer can be formed in order from the top. There is one that consists of a chamber and traps and removes air contained in blood circulating in the blood circuit with an air layer. That is, by interposing a replacement fluid layer between the blood layer and the air layer, it is possible to avoid blood in the blood layer from directly touching the air in the air layer, and blood coagulation can be suppressed. is there.

Utility Model Registration No. 3128724 JP 2005-530543 A

  However, in the above-described conventional air trap chamber, when blood flows into the storage space inside the chamber, there is a possibility that it will flow vigorously toward the replacement fluid layer above the blood layer, and the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer diffuses. As a result, the effect of preventing blood coagulation is reduced. On the other hand, if the flow toward the replacement fluid layer is completely eliminated, there is a risk that blood will stay in the blood layer and blood coagulation may occur.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides an air trap chamber capable of reliably preventing blood coagulation by suppressing the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer and the retention of blood in the blood layer. It is in.

The invention described in claim 1 is composed of a chamber having an accommodation space that can be connected to a blood flow channel for circulating blood and can form an air layer, a replacement fluid layer, and a blood layer. In the air trap chamber for capturing and removing the contained air in the air layer, the air trap chamber is connected to the blood flow path and has a first storage space that can store blood flowing through the blood flow path. A lower chamber part in which a blood introduction port through which blood can be introduced into the accommodation space and a blood outlet through which blood can be led out are formed, and a second chamber which is formed in the upper part of the lower chamber part and can contain a replacement fluid An upper chamber portion having a storage space and having a replacement fluid introduction port into which a replacement fluid can be introduced into the second storage space is located at the boundary between the upper chamber portion and the lower chamber portion. The upper chamber portion side has a step portion formed in a step shape so that the cross-sectional area is smaller than the lower chamber portion side, and at the position facing the blood inlet on the inner wall surface of the first accommodation space , Rutotomoni formed curved surface may divert blood flowing from the blood inlet port in the vertical and lateral, blood introduced into the first receiving space from the blood inlet and projecting the second housing space It is configured to flow toward the curved surface while avoiding a portion .

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the air trap chamber according to the first aspect, a blood layer is formed in the first storage space, an air layer is formed in the second storage space, and the air layer and the blood layer are A replacement fluid layer is formed above the stepped portion in between.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the air trap chamber according to the first or second aspect, the blood introduction port projects an opening of the second storage space of the upper chamber portion to the first storage space side. It is characterized by being formed at a position outside the range.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the air trap chamber according to any one of the first to third aspects, the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid introduction port is caused to overflow from a wall portion formed in the upper chamber portion. It is characterized by flowing into the second accommodation space.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the air trap chamber according to any one of the first to third aspects, the blood inlet is located at a position facing the blood inlet on the inner wall surface of the first accommodation space. It is characterized in that an inclined surface is formed in which the blood flowing in from above is divided in the vertical direction so that the flow rate is larger in the downward flow than in the upward flow.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the air trap chamber according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the upper chamber part and the lower chamber part have an oval cross section.

  The invention according to claim 7 is a blood circuit to which the air trap chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is connected.

  The invention according to claim 8 is a blood purification apparatus to which the blood circuit according to claim 7 is attached.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the blood has the first housing space that can be connected to the blood channel and can store the blood flowing through the blood channel, and can introduce blood into the first housing space. A lower chamber part in which an introduction port and a blood outlet port through which blood can be derived are respectively formed, and a second storage space that is formed in an upper part of the lower chamber part and can store a replacement fluid. On the other hand, it is located at the boundary between the upper chamber portion in which a replacement fluid introduction port capable of introducing a replacement fluid is formed, and the upper chamber portion and the lower chamber portion, and the upper chamber portion side has a smaller sectional area than the lower chamber portion side. Thus, it is possible to reliably prevent blood coagulation by suppressing diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer and retention of blood in the blood layer.
Furthermore, a curved surface capable of diverting the blood flowing in from the blood introduction port in the vertical direction and the side is formed at a position facing the blood introduction port on the inner wall surface of the first accommodation space. The momentum of the flow toward the replacement fluid layer can be reduced by diverting in the vertical direction and the lateral direction, and the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer and the retention of blood in the blood layer can be more reliably suppressed.

  According to the invention of claim 2, a blood layer is formed in the first storage space, an air layer is formed in the second storage space, and a replacement fluid layer is formed above the step between the air layer and the blood layer. Therefore, the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer and the retention of blood in the blood layer can be more reliably suppressed.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since the blood inlet is formed at a position outside the range in which the opening of the second storage space of the upper chamber portion is projected to the first storage space, the blood inlet is directed to the replacement fluid layer. The momentum of the blood flow can be more reliably reduced, and the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer and the retention of blood in the blood layer can be further reliably suppressed.

According to the invention of claim 4, since the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid introduction port overflows from the wall portion formed in the upper chamber portion and flows into the second storage space, the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid introduction port remains as it is. It can flow vigorously into the second storage space, making it difficult to form a replacement fluid layer, or preventing the replacement fluid in the formed replacement fluid layer from diffusing.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the blood flowing from the blood introduction port is diverted in the vertical direction at the position facing the blood introduction port on the inner wall surface of the first accommodation space, and is directed downward from the upward flow. Since the flow has an inclined surface that increases the flow rate, it is possible to divert the blood flow in the vertical direction and reduce the momentum of the flow toward the replacement fluid layer. The retention of blood can be further reliably suppressed.

  According to the invention of claim 6, since the upper chamber part and the lower chamber part have an oval cross section, the accommodation space is reduced while suppressing the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer and the retention of blood in the blood layer. And the priming volume can be reduced.

  According to the seventh aspect of the invention, a blood circuit having the effects of the first to sixth aspects of the invention can be provided.

  According to the invention of claim 8, it is possible to provide a blood purification apparatus having the effect of the invention of claim 7.

The schematic diagram which shows the blood circuit and the blood purification apparatus to which the air trap chamber which concerns on embodiment of this invention is applied. Front view and side view showing a dialysis machine body to which the air trap chamber is applied Plan view showing the dialysis machine body The perspective view which shows the state attached to the dialyzer main body, and the air trap chamber which concerns on this embodiment was attached The perspective view which shows the air trap chamber which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. Front view and side view showing the air trap chamber VII-VII line sectional view in FIG. VIII-VIII line sectional view in FIG. Sectional view showing the vicinity of the replacement fluid inlet in the air trap chamber Sectional drawing which shows the wall part in the air trap chamber The front view and side view which show the air trap chamber which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. XII-XII sectional view in FIG. XIII-XIII sectional view in FIG. The front view and side view which show the air trap chamber which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. XV-XV sectional view in FIG. XVI-XVI line sectional view in FIG. The front view and side view which show the air trap chamber which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention XVIII-XVIII line sectional view in FIG. The front view and side view which show the air trap chamber which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. XX-XX sectional view in FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
The air trap chamber according to the present embodiment is for capturing and removing air contained in blood circulating in the blood flow path, and is applied to the blood purification apparatus shown in FIG. Such a blood purification apparatus is applied to a dialysis apparatus for purifying a patient's blood while circulating outside the body, as shown in FIGS. And a dialysis machine main body A equipped with a monitor M (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

  The dialyzer 2 is formed by housing a plurality of hollow fibers in which micropores (pores) are formed in a casing portion, and the blood inlet port 2a, blood outlet port 2b, dialysate inlet port are provided in the casing portion. 2c and dialysate outlet port 2d are formed. In addition, the blood circuit 1 is a flexible circuit having an arterial blood circuit 1a in which an arterial puncture needle can be attached to the distal end and a venous blood circuit 1b in which a venous puncture needle can be attached to the distal end. It is composed of a tube, and the proximal end of the arterial blood circuit 1a is connected to the blood introduction port 2a of the dialyzer 2, and the proximal end of the venous blood circuit 1b is connected to the blood outlet port 2b of the dialyzer 2. Yes.

  Furthermore, this dialyzer can be attached with a dialysate introduction tube L1 for introducing dialysate into the dialyzer 2 and a dialysate lead-out tube L2 for extracting dialysate (drainage) from the dialyzer 2. The tip of the liquid introduction tube L1 is connected to the dialysate introduction port 2c of the dialyzer 2, and the tip of the dialysate lead-out tube L2 is connected to the dialysate lead-out port 2d of the dialyzer 2. In the present embodiment, a replacement fluid introduction tube L3 that connects the dialysate introduction tube L1 and the venous blood circuit 1b is formed. The arterial blood circuit 1a and the venous blood circuit 1b, the dialysate introduction tube L1, the dialysate lead-out tube L2, and the replacement fluid introduction tube L3 constituting the blood circuit 1 are all flexible tubes through which fluid can flow. It consists of.

  Furthermore, a blood pump P1 is disposed in the middle of the arterial blood circuit 1a. The blood pump P1 is disposed at a portion (see FIG. 3) to which the case C is attached, and includes a rotor that rotates within the inner peripheral surface of the stator, and a pair of rollers formed on the rotor. A squeezing type pump configured to feed liquid by a pair of rollers squeezing a flexible tube D1 for squeezing that is connected to the arterial blood circuit 1 by rotating the rotor in the liquid flow direction. Consists of.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the ironing flexible tube D2 is connected in the middle of the dialysate introduction tube L1, and the ironing flexible tube D3 is in the middle of the replacement fluid introduction tube L3. And are attached to ironing type pumps P2 and P3 provided in the dialysis machine, respectively. Furthermore, the ironing flexible tube D4 is connected to the dialysate outlet tube L2 and attached to the ironing pump P4 provided in the dialysis machine. And it is comprised so that drainage can be discharged | emitted out of the system by the drive of the ironing type pump P4.

  As with blood pump P1, ironing type pumps P2 to P4 are disposed at a portion (see FIG. 3) to which case C is attached, and are formed on a rotor that rotates within the inner peripheral surface of the stator and the rotor. A pair of rollers, and the rotor rotates in the liquid flow direction and the pair of rollers respectively squeeze the flexible tubes (D2 to D4) for ironing connected to the flow path. The liquid can be sent. In addition, about the concrete structure of the ironing type pumps P2-P4, since it is the same as that of the blood pump P1, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As described above, the dialysis apparatus is provided with the blood pump P1 and the ironing pumps (P2 to P4), and the case C is a flexible tube for ironing in a state where each flow path is connected. (D1 to D4) are formed, and when the case C is attached to the dialyzer, the ironing flexible tube D1 is set to the blood pump P1, and the ironing flexible tube (D2 to D4) are set to the ironing type pumps P2 to P4, respectively.

  Then, the case C is fitted and attached to the site (stator) where the blood pump P1 and the ironing pumps P2 to P4 in the dialysis apparatus are disposed (see FIGS. 2 and 3), and the cover H is closed. The ironing flexible tubes (D1 to D4) are collectively attached to the blood pump P1 and the ironing pumps (P2 to P4). When the blood pump P1 (blood pump) is driven after puncturing the patient with the arterial puncture needle and the venous side puncture needle, the patient's blood can be circulated extracorporeally in the arterial blood circuit 1a and the venous blood circuit 1b. It is like that.

  On the other hand, a storage bag B1 containing a dialysate to be supplied to the dialyzer 2 is connected to the proximal end of the dialysate introduction tube L1. A heating bag (not shown) for heating the dialysate is connected to the dialysate introduction tube L1. When the ironing pump P2 is driven, the dialysate in the storage bag B1 flows toward the dialyzer 2, and the dialysate (drainage) in the dialyzer 2 flows through the dialysate lead-out tube L2 and is discharged to the outside. It becomes. The storage bag B1 is configured to be hooked on a hook F formed in the dialysis apparatus and to measure the weight in real time by the weigh scale 3. Thereby, the dialysate can be supplied to the dialyzer 2 at the set flow rate, and the dialysate can be discharged from the dialyzer 2.

  In the present embodiment, the ironing flexible tube D3 is connected to the replacement fluid introducing tube L3 branched from the dialysate introducing tube L1, and the ironing flexible tube D3 is connected to the ironing pump P3. It is attached. Then, by driving the squeezing pumps P2 and P3, the dialysate in the storage bag B1 can be supplied to the air trap chamber 5 connected to the venous blood circuit 1b to form the replacement fluid layer β. ing. The air trap chamber 5 may be connected to the arterial blood circuit 1a, and the distal end of the replacement fluid introduction tube L3 may be connected to the air trap chamber 5 to supply the dialysate.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the air trap chamber 5 is attached to the case C, and is connected to the replacement fluid introduction tube L3 and the blood circuit 1 (venous blood circuit 1b). The air trap chamber 5 includes a chamber that is connected to a blood circuit 1 that circulates blood and has an accommodation space in which an air layer γ, a replacement fluid layer β, and a blood layer α can be formed in order from the top. The air contained in the circulating blood is captured and removed by the air layer γ. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 10, the lower chamber portion 5a, the upper chamber portion 5b, the step portion 5c, the wall Part 6.

  The lower chamber portion 5a has a first storage space S1 that is connected to the blood circuit 1 (venous side blood circuit 1b) and can store the blood flowing through the blood circuit 1, and the first storage space S1. A blood inlet 5aa through which blood can be introduced and a blood outlet 5ab through which blood can be led out are formed. The blood introduction port 5aa is extended in a substantially horizontal direction from a substantially central portion of the lower chamber portion 5a so that blood can flow into the first storage space S1, and the blood outlet port 5ab is provided in the lower chamber portion 5a. It extends in a substantially horizontal direction from the lower portion of the blood and allows blood in the first storage space S1 to flow out. The blood layer α is formed by the blood introduced into the first accommodation space S1.

  The upper chamber part 5b is formed in the upper part of the lower chamber part 5a and has a second storage space S2 that can store a replacement fluid (dialysate in the present embodiment), and a replacement fluid is supplied to the second storage space S2. A replacement fluid introduction port 5ba that can be introduced and a monitor opening 5bb to which a tube (not shown) for monitoring the pressure of the air layer γ can be connected are formed. The upper chamber portion 5b according to the present embodiment includes a cover member K, and a replacement fluid inlet 5ba and a monitor opening 5bb are formed in the cover member K.

  Further, the replacement fluid inlet 5ba extends in a substantially horizontal direction from the upper chamber portion 5b so that the replacement fluid can flow into the second storage space S2, and the replacement fluid layer β is formed by the flowed replacement fluid. Become. The replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer is not limited to the dialysate as in this embodiment, but may be other fluids such as physiological saline as long as they are harmless even if introduced into the patient's body. The upper chamber portion 5b may not have the cover member K. In that case, the replacement fluid inlet 5ba and the like are directly formed in the upper chamber portion 5b integrally formed from the lower chamber portion 5a. .

  The step portion 5c is located at the boundary between the upper chamber portion 5b and the lower chamber portion 5a, and the upper chamber portion 5b side is cross-sectional area (parallel to the inflow direction of blood or replacement fluid) than the lower chamber portion 5a side, and This is a portion formed in a step shape so that the cross-sectional area in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction is small. That is, the boundary between the upper chamber portion 5b and the lower chamber portion 5a is formed in a step shape at the step portion 5c, and the upper cross-sectional area of the step portion 5c is formed to be smaller than the lower cross-sectional area. It is.

  Thus, a blood layer α is formed in the first storage space S1, and an air layer γ is formed in the second storage space S2, and the replacement fluid layer β is disposed above the step portion 5c between the air layer γ and the blood layer α. For example, the amount of the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 5ba is set. Accordingly, when blood flows into the first storage space S1 from the blood introduction port 5aa, the blood flow to the second storage space S2 above the stepped portion 5c is reduced, and the replacement fluid in the second storage space S2 is diffused. In addition, the blood flow in the second storage space S2 can be secured to some extent, and the blood in the lower part of the second storage space S2 can be prevented from staying.

  Here, in the air trap chamber 5 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the blood introduction port 5aa has an opening R (the second accommodation space S2 in the second accommodation space S2 of the upper chamber portion 5b). The part opened to the front) is formed at a position outside the range W projected on the first accommodation space S1 side. That is, if the deviation (offset dimension) of the center line of the blood introduction port 5aa relative to the center line of the second accommodation space S2 is Of, the width dimension of the second accommodation space S2 is Mm, and the inner diameter dimension of the blood introduction port 5aa is mm, The blood inlet 5aa is formed at a position having a relationship of Of ≧ (Mm + mm) / 2.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, the lower chamber portion 5a according to the present embodiment has a bowl-shaped portion (that is, a portion protruding laterally) on the side where the blood introduction port 5aa is formed (the inner peripheral surface is curved). And a circular shape when viewed from the front. As a result, blood flowing from the blood introduction port 5aa at the position facing the blood introduction port 5aa on the inner wall surface of the first storage space S1 is vertically (see the vertical arrow in FIG. 7) and side (see FIG. 7). A curved surface G1 is formed which can be divided into two (see arrow 8).

  Thus, the blood introduced into the accommodation space S1 from the blood introduction port 5aa is curved so as to avoid the portion where the second accommodation space S2 is projected (the portion where the opening R is projected in the vertical direction on the paper surface in FIG. 8). After flowing toward G1 and diverted in the up and down direction and the side (inner side) by the curved surface G1, the blood layer α is formed and then led out from the blood outlet 5ab. Therefore, the blood that has flowed into the first accommodation space S1 from the blood introduction port 5aa can be divided at the curved surface G1, and a part of the divided flow can be caused to flow into the second accommodation space S2.

  Further, the upper chamber portion 5b and the lower chamber portion 5a according to the present embodiment have an oval cross section (the shape of the inner peripheral wall surface constituting the first accommodation space S1 and the second accommodation space S2). Thereby, even if the dimension of the upper chamber portion 5b in the longitudinal direction (vertical direction) is increased to some extent, the overall capacity can be reduced. Therefore, the storage space (the first storage space S1 and the second storage space S2) can be reduced while suppressing the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α, and the priming volume can be reduced. it can.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, the wall portion 6 is a portion formed in the upper chamber portion 5b, and is formed on the flow path of the replacement fluid between the replacement fluid inlet 5ba and the second storage space S2. The replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 5ba can be received and flowed into the second storage space S2. More specifically, the wall portion 6 according to the present embodiment is formed over the entire circumference of the opening R facing the second storage space S2, and overflows the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 5ba. It is comprised so that it can be made to flow in accommodation space S2.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 10, the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 5ba diverges along the wall portion 6 and then flows along the wall portion 6, and the outer peripheral wall surface and the cover member of the wall portion 6. When the space between the inner peripheral wall surface of K is filled and the liquid level of the replacement fluid exceeds the upper end of the wall portion 6, the wall portion 6 overflows toward the opening R and enters the second storage space S <b> 2. Will flow in. As a result, the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 5ba vigorously flows into the second storage space S2 as it is, making it difficult to form the replacement fluid layer β, or the replacement fluid of the formed replacement fluid layer β diffuses. Can be suppressed.

  Furthermore, as another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, as a wall portion 6 ′ formed with a portion G 3 facing the opening R higher than the portion G 2 facing the replacement fluid introduction port 5 ba, Good. In this case, as shown in FIG. 13, the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid introduction port 5ba flows into the portion G2 of the wall portion 6 ′, and then flows along the wall portion 6 ′ to reach the portion G3. To join. Although the liquid level becomes higher than other parts by the merging, the part G3 of the wall part 6 ′ is higher than the other parts (the height of the wall part 6 ′ gradually increases from the part G2 toward the part G3). Therefore, the replacement fluid overflows the wall 6 'almost uniformly.

  In addition, as still another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, a wall portion 6 ″ formed over a half circumference of the opening R facing the accommodation space (second accommodation space S2) may be used. As a result, the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 5ba can flow along the wall portion 6 ″ and flow into the storage space (second storage space S2). That is, as shown in FIG. 16, the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid introduction port 5ba flows into the portion G of the wall portion 6 ″ and then flows along the wall portion 6 ″, and then flows through the opening portion R. 2 will flow into the storage space S2. According to this embodiment, the wall 6 ″ is formed over the half circumference of the opening R facing the accommodation space (second accommodation space S2), and the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 5ba is the wall 6 ″. Therefore, it is possible to guide the replacement fluid flowing into the second storage space S2 to the flow path along the wall portion 6 ″ while reducing the momentum of the replacement fluid flowing into the second storage space S2. it can.

  According to the above-described embodiment, the first storage space S1 that is connected to the blood circuit 1 (blood flow path) and can store the blood flowing through the blood circuit 1 is included, and the blood is stored in the first storage space S1. A blood inlet 5aa through which blood can be introduced and a blood outlet 5ab through which blood can be led out are formed, and a second housing space S2 formed in the upper part of the lower chamber 5a and capable of housing a replacement fluid. And an upper chamber portion 5b in which a replacement fluid introduction port 5ba capable of introducing a replacement fluid into the second storage space S2 is formed, and located at the boundary between the upper chamber portion 5a and the lower chamber portion 5b. Since the upper chamber portion 5a side has a step portion 5c formed in a step shape so that the cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the lower chamber portion 5b side, diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and blood in the blood layer α The stagnation of the liquid can be suppressed and blood coagulation can be reliably prevented.

  In particular, a blood layer α is formed in the first storage space S1, an air layer γ is formed in the second storage space S2, and a replacement fluid layer β is formed above the step portion 5c between the air layer γ and the blood layer α. Since it is formed (that is, there is a boundary between the blood layer α and the replacement fluid layer β in the second storage space S2), the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α can be more reliably suppressed. it can.

  In addition, the blood introduction port 5aa is formed at a position outside the range W in which the opening R of the second storage space S2 of the upper chamber portion 5a is projected to the first storage space S1 side, and therefore faces the replacement fluid layer β. The momentum of the blood flow can be reduced more reliably, and the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α (particularly, the blood layer α located in the second accommodation space S2) can be more reliably performed. Can be suppressed. That is, the blood flowing into the first storage space S1 from the blood introduction port 5aa is located above the top surface of the step portion 5c at the boundary with the second storage space S2, so that the replacement fluid layer β in the second storage space S2 However, after the momentum is reduced, it flows into the replacement fluid layer β.

  Furthermore, since a curved surface G1 that can divert blood flowing in from the blood introduction port 5aa vertically and laterally is formed at a position facing the blood introduction port 5aa on the inner wall surface of the first accommodation space S1, It is possible to divert the blood flow vertically and laterally to reduce the momentum of the flow toward the replacement fluid layer β, and more reliably suppress the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α. be able to.

  In addition, according to the above embodiment, a replacement fluid introduction port 5ba that can introduce a replacement fluid into the second storage space S2, and a flow path of the replacement fluid between the replacement fluid introduction port 5ba and the second storage space S2, Since the wall portion (6, 6 ′, 6 ″) that can receive the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 5ba and flow into the second storage space S2 is provided, the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β is suppressed and blood Solidification can be reliably prevented.

  Moreover, the wall part 6 which concerns on this embodiment is formed over the perimeter of the opening part R which faced 2nd accommodation space S2, overflows the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 5ba, and enters 2nd storage space S2. Since it can be made to flow in, the replacement fluid can be made to flow into the second storage space S2 substantially evenly while reducing the momentum of the replacement fluid flowing in. Furthermore, as in the other embodiments shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, the wall 6 ′ is formed to be higher in the part G 3 facing the opening R than the part G 2 facing the replacement fluid inlet 5 ba. If it makes it, inflow of the replacement fluid with respect to 2nd accommodation space S2 can be equalized more.

  Moreover, according to this embodiment, since it is set as the blood circuit 1 and the blood purification apparatus to which the air trap chamber 5 was connected, the blood circuit 1 having the effect of the air trap chamber 5 as described above can be provided. In addition, a blood purification device having the effect can be provided.

Next, a second embodiment according to the present invention will be described.
As in the first embodiment, the air trap chamber 7 according to the present embodiment is connected to a blood circuit 1 (blood flow channel) that circulates blood to form an air layer γ, a replacement fluid layer β, and a blood layer α. This chamber is composed of a chamber having a housing space, and is used to capture and remove air contained in blood circulating in the blood circuit 1 with an air layer γ, and was applied to the blood purification apparatus shown in FIGS. Is.

  As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the air trap chamber 7 has a first storage space S1 that is connected to the blood circuit 1 and can store blood flowing through the blood circuit 1, and the first storage space S1. A blood introduction port 7aa for introducing blood and a blood outlet 7ab for extracting blood are respectively formed in the lower chamber portion 7a and on the upper portion of the lower chamber portion 7a, and the second chamber can contain a replacement fluid. The upper chamber part 7b is formed at the boundary between the upper chamber part 7b and the lower chamber part 7a. The upper chamber part 7b has a storage space S2 and a replacement fluid introduction port 7ba into which a replacement fluid can be introduced into the second storage space S2. In addition, the upper chamber portion 7b side includes a step portion 7c formed in a step shape so that the cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the lower chamber portion 7a side. Reference numeral 7bb in the figure denotes a monitoring opening to which a tube (not shown) for monitoring the pressure of the air layer γ can be connected.

  The blood introduction port 7aa extends in a substantially horizontal direction from the lower chamber portion 7a so that blood can flow into the first accommodation space S1, and the blood outlet port 7ab extends downward from the bottom of the lower chamber portion 7a. The blood in the first storage space S1 can flow out. Then, the blood layer α is formed by the blood introduced into the first storage space S1, and the replacement fluid layer β is formed by the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 7ba.

  Accordingly, the blood layer α is formed in the first storage space S1, and the air layer γ is formed in the second storage space S2, and the replacement fluid layer β is disposed above the step portion 7c between the air layer γ and the blood layer α. For example, the amount of the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 7ba is set. Thereby, when blood flows into the first storage space S1 from the blood introduction port 7aa, the blood flow to the second storage space S2 above the stepped portion 7c is reduced, and the replacement fluid in the second storage space S2 is diffused. In addition, the blood flow in the second storage space S2 can be secured to some extent, and the blood in the lower part of the second storage space S2 can be prevented from staying.

  According to this embodiment, while having the 1st accommodation space S1 which can be connected to the blood circuit 1 (blood flow path) and can accommodate the blood which distribute | circulates the said blood circuit 1, it is blood with respect to the said 1st accommodation space S1. Are formed in a lower chamber portion 7a in which a blood introduction port 7aa that can introduce blood and a blood outlet port 7ab that can lead out blood are formed, respectively, and a second storage space S2 that can store a replacement fluid. And an upper chamber portion 7b in which a replacement fluid introduction port 7ba capable of introducing a replacement fluid into the second storage space S2 is formed, and located at the boundary between the upper chamber portion 7a and the lower chamber portion 7b. Since the upper chamber portion 7a side has a step portion 7c formed in a step shape so that the cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the lower chamber portion 7b side, diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and blood in the blood layer α The blood coagulation can be surely prevented by suppressing the retention of blood.

  In particular, a blood layer α is formed in the first storage space S1, an air layer γ is formed in the second storage space S2, and a replacement fluid layer β is formed above the step portion 7c between the air layer γ and the blood layer α. Since it is formed (that is, there is a boundary between the blood layer α and the replacement fluid layer β in the second storage space S2), the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α can be more reliably suppressed. it can.

  Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 18, the blood flowing from the blood introduction port 7aa is divided in the vertical direction at a position facing the blood introduction port 7aa on the inner wall surface of the first accommodation space S1. The inclined surface G4 is formed so that the flow rate in the downward direction is larger than that in the upward direction. Thereby, it is possible to divert the blood flow in the vertical direction and reduce the momentum of the flow toward the replacement fluid layer β, and more reliably suppress the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α. be able to.

  Furthermore, the upper chamber portion 7b and the lower chamber portion 7a according to the present embodiment have an oval cross section (the shape of the inner peripheral wall surface constituting the first accommodation space S1 and the second accommodation space S2). Thereby, even if the dimension of the upper chamber portion 5b in the longitudinal direction (vertical direction) is increased to some extent, the overall capacity can be reduced. Therefore, the storage space (the first storage space S1 and the second storage space S2) can be reduced while suppressing the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α, and the priming volume can be reduced. it can.

Next, a third embodiment according to the present invention will be described.
As in the first embodiment, the air trap chamber 8 according to the present embodiment is connected to the blood circuit 1 (blood flow path) for circulating blood to form the air layer γ, the replacement fluid layer β, and the blood layer α. This chamber is composed of a chamber having a housing space, and is used to capture and remove air contained in blood circulating in the blood circuit 1 with an air layer γ, and was applied to the blood purification apparatus shown in FIGS. Is.

  As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the air trap chamber 8 has a first storage space S1 that is connected to the blood circuit 1 and can store blood flowing through the blood circuit 1, and the first storage space S1. A blood inlet 8aa through which blood can be introduced and a blood outlet 8ab through which blood can be led out are formed in the lower chamber part 8a and the upper part of the lower chamber part 8a, respectively. The upper chamber portion 8b is formed at the boundary between the upper chamber portion 8b and the lower chamber portion 8a. The upper chamber portion 8b has a storage space S2 and a replacement fluid introduction port 8ba into which a replacement fluid can be introduced into the second storage space S2. In addition, the upper chamber portion 8b side includes a step portion 8c formed in a step shape so that the cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the lower chamber portion 8a side. Reference numeral 8bb in the figure denotes a monitoring opening to which a tube (not shown) for monitoring the pressure of the air layer γ can be connected.

  The blood introduction port 8aa is extended in a substantially horizontal direction from the lower chamber portion 8a so that blood can flow into the first accommodation space S1, and the blood outlet port 8ab is formed downward from the bottom of the lower chamber portion 8a. The blood in the first storage space S1 can flow out. The blood layer α is formed by the blood introduced into the first storage space S1, and the replacement fluid layer β is formed by the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 8ba.

  Thus, a blood layer α is formed in the first storage space S1, and an air layer γ is formed in the second storage space S2, and the replacement fluid layer β is located above the step portion 8c between the air layer γ and the blood layer α. For example, the amount of the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid inlet 8ba is set. Thereby, when blood flows into the first storage space S1 from the blood introduction port 8aa, the blood flow to the second storage space S2 above the step portion 8c becomes small, and the replacement fluid in the second storage space S2 diffuses. In addition, the blood flow in the second storage space S2 can be secured to some extent, and the blood in the lower part of the second storage space S2 can be prevented from staying.

  According to this embodiment, while having the 1st accommodation space S1 which can be connected to the blood circuit 1 (blood flow path) and can accommodate the blood which distribute | circulates the said blood circuit 1, it is blood with respect to the said 1st accommodation space S1. The lower chamber part 8a in which the blood introduction port 8aa that can introduce blood and the blood outlet port 8ab that can lead out blood are formed, respectively, and the second accommodation space S2 that is formed in the upper part of the lower chamber part 8a and can contain the replacement fluid And an upper chamber portion 8b in which a replacement fluid introduction port 8ba capable of introducing a replacement fluid into the second storage space S2 is formed, and located at the boundary between the upper chamber portion 8a and the lower chamber portion 8b. Since the upper chamber portion 8a side has a step portion 8c formed in a step shape so that the cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the lower chamber portion 8b side, diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and blood in the blood layer α The blood coagulation can be surely prevented by suppressing the retention of blood.

  In particular, a blood layer α is formed in the first storage space S1, an air layer γ is formed in the second storage space S2, and a replacement fluid layer β is formed above the step portion 8c between the air layer γ and the blood layer α. Since it is formed (that is, there is a boundary between the blood layer α and the replacement fluid layer β in the second storage space S2), the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α can be more reliably suppressed. it can.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, the blood flowing from the blood introduction port 8aa is divided in the vertical direction at a position facing the blood introduction port 8aa on the inner wall surface of the first accommodation space S1. The inclined surface G5 is formed so that the flow rate in the downward direction is larger than that in the upward direction. Thereby, it is possible to divert the blood flow in the vertical direction and reduce the momentum of the flow toward the replacement fluid layer β, and more reliably suppress the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α. be able to.

  Furthermore, the upper chamber portion 8b and the lower chamber portion 8a according to the present embodiment have an oval cross section (the shape of the inner peripheral wall surface constituting the first accommodation space S1 and the second accommodation space S2). Thereby, even if the dimension of the upper chamber part 8b in the longitudinal direction (vertical direction) is increased to some extent, the overall capacity can be reduced. Therefore, the storage space (the first storage space S1 and the second storage space S2) can be reduced while suppressing the diffusion of the replacement fluid in the replacement fluid layer β and the retention of blood in the blood layer α, and the priming volume can be reduced. it can.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in the first embodiment (the same applies to the other embodiments), the wall portions 6 and 6 ′ formed in the upper chamber portion 5b are provided. Not provided, the lower chamber part 5b is not offset in the width direction with respect to the upper chamber part 5a, the curved surface G1 is not formed at the position facing the blood inlet 5aa on the inner wall surface of the first accommodation space, or Instead of the curved surface G1, the blood flowing in from the blood inlet 5aa may be divided in the vertical direction, and the inclined surface may have a larger flow rate in the downward flow than in the upward flow.

  Instead of the dialyzer 2, another blood purifier (hemofilter, plasma separator, blood adsorber, etc.) may be used, or a blood flow path (for example, a flow path for blood transfusion, etc.) that is not circulated outside the body instead of the blood circuit 1. You may apply to. The applied blood purification treatment is not limited to dialysis treatment, and may be a blood purification device for other treatments that purifies the patient's blood while circulating it extracorporeally.

Blood having a first accommodation space that can be connected to the blood flow channel and can accommodate blood flowing through the blood flow channel, and that can introduce blood into the first accommodation space and blood that can lead out the blood A replacement fluid introduction port formed in the upper part of the lower chamber part in which each outlet port is formed and a second storage space capable of storing a replacement fluid and capable of introducing the replacement fluid into the second storage space And a step portion formed in a step shape so that a cross-sectional area of the upper chamber portion side is smaller than that of the lower chamber portion side, at the boundary between the upper chamber portion and the lower chamber portion has the door, at a position facing the blood inlet port in the inner wall surface of the first housing space is a curved surface capable of diverting the blood that has flowed from the blood inlet port in the vertical direction and lateral is formed Rutotomoni If air trap chamber blood which is introduced into the first accommodation space is configured to flow toward the curved surface while avoiding the region obtained by projecting the second housing space from the blood inlet port to which another function is added Etc.

1 Blood circuit 1a Arterial blood circuit (flow path)
1b Venous blood circuit (flow path)
2 Dialyzer (blood purifier)
3 Weighing Scale 4 Weighing Scale 5 Air Trap Chamber 5a Lower Chamber Part 5b Upper Chamber Part 5c Step Part 6, 6 ', 6 "Wall Part 7 Air Trap Chamber 7a Lower Chamber Part 7b Upper Chamber Part 7c Step Part 8 Air Trap Chamber 8a Lower chamber part 8b Upper chamber part 8c Step part

Claims (8)

The chamber is connected to a blood flow path for circulating blood and has an accommodation space capable of forming an air layer, a replacement fluid layer, and a blood layer, and air contained in the blood flowing in the blood flow path is In an air trap chamber for capture and removal,
A first inlet space that is connected to the blood channel and can store blood flowing through the blood channel, and a blood inlet and blood that can introduce blood into the first chamber can be derived. A lower chamber part in which each blood outlet is formed;
An upper chamber portion formed in the upper portion of the lower chamber portion, having a second storage space capable of storing a replacement fluid, and formed with a replacement fluid introduction port capable of introducing the replacement fluid into the second storage space;
A step portion that is located at the boundary between the upper chamber portion and the lower chamber portion and that is formed in a step shape so that the cross-sectional area of the upper chamber portion side is smaller than that of the lower chamber portion side;
The a, wherein the position opposed to the blood inlet port in the inner wall surface of the first housing space, Rutotomoni curved surface capable of diverting the blood that has flowed from the blood inlet port in the vertical direction and lateral is formed, An air trap chamber configured such that blood introduced from the blood introduction port into the first accommodation space flows toward the curved surface while avoiding a portion projected from the second accommodation space .   A blood layer is formed in the first storage space, an air layer is formed in the second storage space, and a replacement fluid layer is formed above the step portion between the air layer and the blood layer. The air trap chamber according to claim 1.   The blood introduction port is formed at a position outside a range in which an opening of the second storage space of the upper chamber portion is projected to the first storage space side. The air trap chamber described. The air according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the replacement fluid introduced from the replacement fluid introduction port overflows from a wall portion formed in the upper chamber portion and flows into the second storage space. Trap chamber.   At the position facing the blood inlet on the inner wall surface of the first housing space, the blood flowing in from the blood inlet is divided in the vertical direction, and the flow going downward has a larger flow rate than the flow going upward. An air trap chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an inclined surface is formed.   The air trap chamber according to claim 1, wherein the upper chamber portion and the lower chamber portion have an oval cross section.   A blood circuit to which the air trap chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is connected.   A blood purification apparatus to which the blood circuit according to claim 7 is attached.

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