JP6168528B2 - Power control system, method, and information transmission capability control system, method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention stabilizes the allocation of resources according to the priority of each element while satisfying the constraints on the total amount of resources (power, information transmission capability), especially in the non-DC region that appears on the implementation while suppressing the communication volume. And a system and method for dynamically and efficiently implementing control targets in the non-DC range.

  In each home, office, etc., in order to cover the power consumption that can be generated instantaneously, a contract of maximum power is signed with the power company, and the power company also covers the total power consumption that can be generated by each contract unit. I have been trying to improve power generation and transmission facilities. However, in summer, for example, the power supply capacity is always in a critical situation. In order to avoid having excessive facilities, the power supply capacity will remain slightly above demand. As a result, the margin is extremely low at peak demand.

  Even in this state, the power crisis can be avoided if the supply to each home, office, etc. is limited even slightly through the smart meter. It is conceivable that a new contract relationship between a power company and a contractor in the future will be like this.

  However, the living environment must be maintained even under such restrictions. In other words, even if power restrictions are imposed on each home, office, etc., it is required to perform power “handling” in an autonomous and distributed manner. This part is outside the charge of the power company.

  The situation related to the demand peak can be drastically improved by flattening the peak by avoiding the generation of instantaneous peak power by carrying out the power “handling” at each home, office or the like. However, the current use of electrical appliances at homes, offices, etc. is not performed in consideration of flattening. Except for some dwelling units, power control in homes and office buildings has not been realized and spread.

  Until now, there has been no way to analyze the effects of non-DC mechanisms placed on the target power consumers or systems and to solve them. So far, it has been sufficient to consider the response on the “day” scale, so it has been considered only as a direct current element. Even when this instantaneous power control is performed by a simultaneous command, it can be influenced by various model delays inherent in the system and can sometimes cause serious instability. This issue relates to stabilization as a control system for universal objects such as information and energy, not limited to electric power.

  In addition, power flattening control so far has been almost limited to a DC target value whose target value is a power regulation value. Foreseeing control that does not deviate from the power margin and foreseeing demand for the amount of power that is the integral amount of power over a certain period of time, control that suppresses protrusion is a large phase operation that sets the target value Corresponding to that. In particular, no means has been provided to achieve both the autonomous distributed parallel processing method, which is a high-speed control method, and this non-DC control objective. This problem similarly relates to setting of control targets for universal objects such as information and energy, not limited to electric power.

  The related prior art will be briefly described below.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-313438 “Fault Protection Device for Power Distribution System”
In the present invention, it corresponds to hardware that cuts off the circuit in response to detecting a failure by the failure detector, but in the present invention, the device group collects information through communication, and the power constraint and It is completely different in that the necessary amount is managed in consideration of the priority and the dynamic power management is coordinated.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-69668 “Power Management Device”
The invention presupposes a method that does not collect / aggregate information from the device group, but in the present invention, the device group performs dynamic power management in coordination with the power constraints and required amount in consideration of priority. It is completely different in what it does.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-38885 “In-house Power Generation System”
The present invention deals with a power generator, but the present invention conversely supplies negative power.

JP 2012-85511 A "Vehicle Charging System Having Charging Efficiency Control and Providing Adaptive Charging Service"
In the present invention, power management is not performed in the charging station group, but the existence of a management station and the existence of a smart grid are assumed. The present invention is completely different in that dynamic power management is performed in cooperation with consideration of power constraints, necessary amounts, and priorities regardless of the presence of a management station or a smart grid.

JP 2009-94768 A "Power Line Communication Device and Automatic Registration Method for Power Line Communication Device"
The present invention relates to a connection establishment method in power line communication. The present invention does not specify a communication method and does not state that establishment of communication should be solved. In the present invention, power line communication is listed as one of communication means, but connection establishment there is not listed as a problem to be solved.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-208393 “Multi-output circuit device in which priority power supply order can be set”
In the present invention, it is assumed that the total load current is exceeded, and that the load is disconnected in the set order. In the present invention, the excess load is performed by collecting information in the device group, and no specific detection means is required. Further, the load disconnection order is not set in advance, but is determined by dynamic determination in the device group.

Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2003-511842 “Contactor breaker”
In the present invention, fault detection and control based thereon are performed within the same individual. The present invention is completely different in that dynamic power management is performed cooperatively in consideration of power constraints, necessary amounts, and priorities in the device group.

JP 2013-70569 A “Distributed Power Supply System”
In the present invention, failure detection and control are performed within the same individual, but in the present invention, dynamic power management is performed in a group of devices in consideration of power constraints, required amount, and priority. Is completely different.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-234561 “Intelligent Power Distribution Board, Power Distribution Device, Power Failure Countermeasure System, and Power Distribution Method”
In the same invention, power failure detection, subsequent connection change to a standby power source, and reverse operation after power failure recovery are performed within the same individual. The device group is completely different in that it dynamically manages power in consideration of power constraints, required amount, and priority.

JP 2010-148125 A "System for Remote Acquisition of Electric Energy Consumption Including Home Use and Remote Control of Distributed Target Users"
The present invention assumes centralized management via a communication structure such as a central server, a concentrator, and a meter. This is completely different in that the starting point of the configuration is that the management is independently performed in a distributed local group.

JP 2005-513900 A "System for remote acquisition of electric energy consumption including home use and remote control of distributed target users"
The present invention assumes centralized management via a communication structure such as a central server, a concentrator, and a meter. This is completely different in that the starting point of the configuration is that the management is independently performed in a distributed local group.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-93820 “Solar Photovoltaic Generator”
In the same invention, only communication means and blocking means are described. The present invention is completely different in that dynamic power management is performed cooperatively in consideration of power constraints, necessary amounts, and priorities in the device group.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-42481 “Vehicle Power Supply Control Device”
The power shut-off device referred to in the present invention is premised on a centralized management configuration that forms a tree or star system around it. The present invention is completely different in that dynamic power management is performed cooperatively in consideration of power constraints, necessary amounts, and priorities in the device group.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-16200 “Vehicle Power Supply Control Device”
The power shut-off device referred to in the present invention is premised on a centralized management configuration that forms a tree or star system around it. The present invention is completely different in that dynamic power management is performed cooperatively in consideration of power constraints, necessary amounts, and priorities in the device group.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-178778 “Automotive Power Terminal Device and Automobile Power Supply System”
The power shut-off device referred to in the present invention is premised on a centralized management configuration that forms a tree or star system around it. The present invention is completely different in that dynamic power management is performed cooperatively in consideration of power constraints, necessary amounts, and priorities in the device group.

  JP 2004-348411 A "Central supervisory control system integrated distributed power distribution facility" The present invention is premised on the existence of a central supervisory control system. The present invention is completely different in that dynamic power management is performed cooperatively in consideration of power constraints, necessary amounts, and priorities in the device group.

JP 2012-161202 A "Hierarchical Supply and Demand Control Device and Power System Control System"
In the present invention, although it constitutes a hierarchy, it is a centralized monitoring control system that aggregates information, and in one embodiment of the present invention, information collection and control within a group is performed in an independent and distributed manner with other groups and hierarchies. There is no point to do and it is completely different.

JP 2010-279238 A “System Monitoring and Control System”
Although the present invention constitutes a hierarchy, there is no point that information collection and control within a group is performed in an independent and distributed manner with other groups and hierarchies, which is an embodiment of the present invention. is there.

JP 2002-27686 A "Power Consumption Control Method for In-Store Equipment"
In the present invention, keywords such as “hierarchy” and “distribution” appear as names, but as described with reference to the following specification, the contents are different and completely different from the present invention.
“[0020] Each controller constitutes an autonomous distributed system, and when one controller as a subsystem becomes inoperable, other controllers have no trouble in controlling the devices under their own jurisdiction. (This is called autonomic controllability), and each controller can coordinate its purpose with each other (this is called autonomic controllability). / There is no difference between slaves and importance, and basically, management and control can be executed with unique resources. "
As shown in FIG. 2 of the same specification, the “independent distributed” control in the present invention is independence between types of controllers such as lighting and air conditioners. It does not mean that is done autonomously. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first feature is that dynamic power allocation is performed independently of other groups and hierarchies in consideration of the priority among members under the control. ", But the method is quite different. In addition, the “hierarchy” in the present invention refers to a hierarchy in the operation mode of time zone, cooperative energy saving, and peak, but the hierarchy in one embodiment of the present invention is applied to the present invention. Is a hierarchy consisting of a group whose members are stores, or a hierarchy consisting of a group whose members are representatives of regional stores. The name is a “hierarchy”, but the definition is fundamental. Different. In one embodiment of the present invention, on any one of those hierarchies, the first feature is to perform dynamic power allocation considering the priority between groups independently of other groups and hierarchies, The method is quite different.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-45101 “Monitoring Control System”
The hierarchy and distributed monitoring control referred to in the present invention is based on decentralization of an execution unit, an information exchange unit, and an interface unit. As in an embodiment of the present invention, in each hierarchy consisting of a group or in each group consisting of a device, a dynamic is determined according to the priority among members under given power constraints. Is fundamentally different from the one that provides a way to determine the power allocation.

JP 7-308036 A "Distribution System Monitoring Method, Distribution System Control Method and Devices"
The supervisory control referred to in the present invention does not perform autonomous control among members. As in an embodiment of the present invention, in each hierarchy consisting of a group or in each group consisting of a device, a dynamic is determined according to the priority among members under given power constraints. Is fundamentally different from the one that provides a way to determine the power allocation.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-31013 "Indoor Electric Wiring System"
In the present invention, only an emergency lighting means is provided.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-90607 “Autonomous Decentralized Control with Resource Constraints”
Distribution in the present invention refers to not specifying a server, but the present invention teaches that control is performed in subdivided units so that it can be handled locally and flexibly, not global batch control. doing. In the present invention, the server may be specified or fixed.
Although the present invention proposes a specific method for performing policy / decision processing, in the present invention, a server may be determined by some method, and the method for dynamically allocating the processing is not limited. . There is no need to use a card game system, and there is no special requirement to “shift” the server function. The server function can be changed in order of serial number or fixed.
In the present invention, the purpose is to maintain and achieve performance by the input of resources. However, in one embodiment of the present invention, the power as a resource is not input, but the power is cut off permanently or intermittently. In this patent, it is not a control to maximize the supply power that is the total resource, but based on the priority when the power consumption exceeds the allowable value or the target value, the required power amount and the power amount restriction are taken into consideration and the permanent power consumption is considered. Perform intermittent or intermittent interruptions. In this patent, since the electric power that is input as a resource is determined by the control side, it is known in advance, whereas in the present invention, it is information that should be measured and acquired. In other words, the present invention aims at demonstrating “a control function that achieves and maintains the performance of the entire system”, and “a method for controlling the individual performance of all elements while satisfying the constraints of the total resources (sum of resources)” (Claim 1 of the same publication) However, in one aspect of the present invention, although there is a restriction on the sum of resources, the system performance can be reduced by aggressively sacrificing the achievement and maintenance of performance. The purpose is to prevent damage.

JP 2013-38470 A "Control Device and Control System for Electrical Equipment"
(1) In this document, the restriction of the power that is a resource is not taken into consideration, and a solution that satisfies the restriction is not guaranteed. Only a certain operation preset in feed-forward is performed. It should be noted that “setting” in the claims of the same document refers to predefining. The present invention is completely different from the invention described in this document in that the resource constraint is handled explicitly and the operation to satisfy it is guaranteed.
(2) Although the operation proposed in this document is the operation of the command by the processing of the broadcast transmission part, in the present invention, the optimal operation with constraints is achieved by the cooperation of the broadcast transmission processing and the parallel processing of each element. There has been proposed a method for obtaining the solution of the conversion, which is completely different from the invention of the same document.
(3) The present invention is characterized in that a constrained optimization solution can be obtained regardless of dynamic priority change in each element, which is completely different from the invention of the same document.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-242030 “Air Conditioning Control Device”
JP 2010-19530 A "Air conditioning system and communication traffic adjustment method"
JP 2009-272966 A “Equipment Management System”
JP 2007-240084 A "Air Conditioner and Address Setting Method in Air Conditioner"
JP 2007-228234 A "Transmission Control Device, Device Management System, and Transmission Control Method"
JP 2004-328184 A "Management control system, information transmission method, communication method, network node, transmission / reception device, information sharing device, air conditioner, and centralized control device"
These documents only refer to communication address related parts, and do not deal with control strategies.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-12924 “Power Management Method and System”
The invention proposes a power control system that enables and enables priority optimization when the total resources are constrained, but it collects and allocates information from each client of the server. The steps of determining the amount by the server and notifying the client of the allocated amount to each client are taken, and the problems to be solved by the present invention are merely listed. In the present invention, the alert element and each member element share the speed of processing. In addition, the said application in which the invention by this inventor was described is unpublished at the time of this-application application.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-153348 “Power Control System, Method, and Information Transmission Capability Control System, Method”
The present invention provides a method for instantaneously allocating resources including power in consideration of priority by eliminating bidirectional communication between servers and clients, and by parallel processing of broadcast transmission and independent distributed among members. ing. However, the present invention only provides a so-called frequency zero, that is, a method for allocating resources in the DC range, and response characteristics and information output delays at each member, or processing methods and hardware in broadcast transmission, which occur at the implementation stage. It does not provide any means for the instability of the control system due to the delay caused by the wear and the stabilization as its solution. Moreover, the object to be controlled is the instantaneous resource supply balance, and only handles the convergence of the instantaneous power to the regulation value. No means can be provided for the convergence to the regulation value in consideration of the priority for the so-called demand response foreseeing the integral control. Therefore, the present invention is completely different from the field in which the present invention provides a solution. In addition, the said application in which the invention by this inventor was described is unpublished at the time of this-application application.

US Pat. No. 8,504,214 “Self-healing power grid and method itself”
The disclosure of this document does not relate to a power allocation method.

US Patent No. 8,276,002 “Power delivery in a heterogeneous 3-D stacked apparatus”
The document deals with the function of the power supply but does not deal with the dynamic allocation of power to members.

US Pat. No. 8,112,642, “Method and system for controlling power in a chip through a power-performance monitor and control unit”
US Pat. No. 7,421,601 “Method and system for controlling power in a chip through a power-performance monitor and control unit”
This document relates to a microprocessor power supply, and does not relate to a function for dynamically and autonomously allocating power.

US Pat. No. 7,805,621 “Method and apparatus for providing a bus interface with power management features”
This document discloses power mode transitions and does not deal with the function of dynamically allocating and determining between members.

US Pat. No. 6,961,641 “Intra-device communications architecture for managing electrical power distribution and consumption”
The disclosure of this document is that the architecture is such that intelligent devices and servers are connected by a network. It is not disclosed how to actually manage power. The present invention specifically provides a power allocation strategy.

U.S. Pat.No. 5,581,130 `` Circuit board for the control and / or power supply of electrical function devices of a vehicle ''
The document only requires that the circuit be a modular shape.

US Patent No. 8,508,540 "Resonant induction to power a graphics processing unit"
The disclosure of this document relates to hardware that supplies power by induction, and is completely different from the present invention.

US Pat. No. 8,466,760 “Configurable power supply using MEMS switch”
The disclosure of this document relates to the hardware of a switch manufactured by MEMS on a dual substrate and is completely different from the present invention.

US Pat. No. 7,970,374 “Multi-wideband communications over power lines”
Although the disclosure of this document relates to transmission media, the present invention does not depend on specific media.

US Pat. No. 7,825,325 “Portable lighting and power-generating system”
The disclosure of this document relates to a specific device and is completely different from the present invention.

US Pat. No. 7,755,111 “Programmable power management using a nanotube structure”
The disclosure of this document relates to a device using nanotubes, which is completely different from the present invention.

US Pat. No. 7,320,218 “Method and system for generation of power using stirling engine principles”
The disclosure of this document relates to a hardware called a Stirling engine, which is completely different from the present invention.

U.S. Pat.No. 6,965,269 `` Microwave phase shifter having an active layer under the phase shifting line and power amplifier using such a phase shifter ''
The disclosure of this document relates to hardware called a phase adjuster in communication equipment, and is completely different from the present invention.

U.S. Pat.No. 6,310,439 `` Distributed parallel semiconductor device spaced for improved thermal distribution and having reduced power dissipation ''
The disclosure of this document relates to semiconductor arrangement and thermal diffusion, and is completely different from the present invention.

US Pat. No. 6,030,718 “Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system”
The disclosure of this document relates to a fuel cell hardware, which is completely different from the present invention.

US Pat. No. 4,481,774 “Solar canopy and solar augmented wind power station”
The disclosure of this document relates to a photovoltaic power generation apparatus, which is completely different from the present invention.

"TMC NEWS Hitachi Offers Connected Air Conditioners with Yitran's IT800 Power Line Communication Chip" Internet <URL: http: //technews.tmcnet.com/ivr/news/2005/sep/1186941.htm> or <URL: http: // www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050927005472/en/Hitachi-Offers-Connected-Air-Conditioners-Yitrans-IT800#.UtzSc3xKOSM>
The above website discloses an example in which a communication device is attached to a home appliance. However, the present invention is characterized by performing independent and distributed control without performing communication and centralized control. Completely different.

"Smart Home", Internet <URL: http: //japan.renesas.com/event/detail/et2011/report/s_home/index.jsp>
The Web site discloses an example of disconnecting a device with a predetermined priority. Compared with the present invention, at least the following points are different.
(1) Whereas the example disclosed on the website performs control in units of outlets, the present invention is in units of equipment and does not limit the place of use.
(2) Although the example of the website is configured to perform permanent interruption, the present invention is capable of continuously reducing power as well as permanent interruption.
(3) Although the example of the Web site performs static priority setting for each outlet, the present invention can perform dynamic priority setting for each device.
(4) The present invention has a structure in which power consumption allocation is dynamically determined within a group, independent control is performed between groups, hierarchies are configured, and power consumption allocation is similarly determined dynamically in higher layers. Have it.

JP 11-313438 A JP 2001-69668 A JP 2013-38885 A JP 2012-85511 A JP 2009-94768 A JP 2004-208393 A Special table 2003-511842 gazette JP 2013-70569 A JP 2011-234561 A JP 2010-148125 A JP 2005-513900 Gazette JP-A-9-93820 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-42481 JP 2000-16200 A JP 2005-178778 A JP 2004-348411 A JP 2012-161202 A JP 2010-279238 A JP 2002-27686 A JP-A-11-45101 JP 7-308036 A JP-A-7-31013 JP 2008-90607 A JP 2013-38470 A JP 2011-242030 A JP 2010-19530 A JP 2009-272966 A JP 2007-240084 A JP 2007-228234 A JP 2004-328184 A US Pat. No. 8,588,991 US Pat. No. 8,504,214 US Pat. No. 8,276,002 US Pat. No. 8,112,642 US Pat. No. 7,421,601 US Pat. No. 7,805,621 US Pat. No. 6,961,641 US Pat. No. 5,581,130 US Pat. No. 8,508,540 US Pat. No. 8,466,760 US Pat. No. 7,970,374 US Pat. No. 7,825,325 US Pat. No. 7,755,111 US Pat. No. 7,320,218 US Pat. No. 6,965,269 US Pat. No. 6,310,439 US Pat. No. 6,030,718 US Pat. No. 4,481,774

"TMC NEWS Hitachi Offers Connected Air Conditioners with Yitran's IT800 Power Line Communication Chip", [online], September 27, 2005, Internet <URL: http://technews.tmcnet.com/ivr/news/2005/sep /1186941.htm> or <URL: http: //www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050927005472/en/Hitachi-Offers-Connected-Air-Conditioners-Yitrans-IT800#.UtzSc3xKOSM> "Smart Home", [online], Renesas Electronics Corporation, Internet <URL: http: //japan.renesas.com/event/detail/et2011/report/s_home/index.jsp>

  Domain (A group including power consumption elements that do not necessarily participate in control, including groups described later, and power consumption elements that participate in independent control. Individuals that consume power, or individuals that consume them. An individual that opens and closes repeatedly or instantaneously is referred to as a power consumption element.) If the total power consumption within the domain, ie, the total amount of resources is limited, the current power within the domain The problem of finding a power allocation policy that is closest to the consumption situation is an optimization problem with constraints, and the solution thereof has been made clear in past literatures, Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2014-12924 and 2014-153348. Is obtained as follows.

Group in domain (an aggregate composed of individuals participating in power control (which is a power consuming element and also participates in control). It is defined as a minimum aggregate that is controlled by one broadcast transmission element.) f _1, f _2, the power consumption value to be assigned to each power consuming elements included in ..., and f _n, the vector obtained by arranging them vertically and f. When the total power regulation value for a group containing a power element and P _t, the constraint that the power consumption total value of the group matches the P _t is expressed by the following equation (1).
(1)
However e ^T is the n-th order unit row vector (T is the transpose symbol).

Let f ^* ₁ , f ^* ₂ ,... F ^* _n be the current power consumption consumed by each power consumption element in the group, and let f ^* be a vector in which these are arranged vertically. The following evaluation function
(2)
However, the allocation value of power consumption is calculated | required as f _i (i = 1, 2, ... n) when taking an extreme value under the binding conditions of said Formula (1). Note that Q in the above equation (2) is a positive definite symmetric matrix in which the diagonal element Q _ii is equal to the priority of the i-th power consuming element (in general, if it is not a diagonal, it is a positive definite symmetric matrix. It is good, but in the following, when priority is handled individually, it can be discussed as a diagonal. For the sake of simplicity, Q is treated as an n × n diagonal matrix below.)

Magnification evaluation function
(3)
(Λ is Lagrange's undetermined multiplier), the optimal solution of f _i and λ is obtained from the condition that the partial differential value of the above-mentioned expansion evaluation function by f _i and λ becomes zero.

The optimal solution is obtained as follows by counting the weights (priorities) in the group and performing partial differentiation as described above.
(4)
(5)

  The reassigned power consumption should be obtained as the power closest to the current consumption state of each power consumption element in the current group. Therefore, the solution is the current allocation state of power consumption as shown in equation (5) above. Depends on.

Here, the expansion evaluation function in the case of starting from a state where no power is consumed in the domain in the initial stage is a power consumption value to be assigned to each power consumption element included in the group in the domain as f _{1, opt} , If f _{2, opt} ,..., f _{n, opt} and a vector in which these are arranged vertically are defined as f _opt , the following expression (6) is obtained.
(6)

The optimal solution is obtained as follows from the condition that the weights (priorities) in the group are totaled and the partial differential value of the expansion evaluation function of the above equation (6) by f _{i, opt} and λ becomes zero.
(7)
(8)

Although it is required to find a solution close to the current power consumption situation in each element, by modifying the above formulas (5) and (8),
(9)
(In the above equation (9), “1” represents a unit matrix and Q ⁻¹ represents an inverse matrix of Q), and the reallocated power is consumed by each element at the present time. It depends on the power situation.

When starting from a state where all the elements do not consume power at the beginning, it converges to the f _opt solution of the above equation (8). Therefore, if f _opt is necessary, the above-described control may be performed once through a step of turning off all power consumption elements by broadcast transmission. Nevertheless, control is achieved only by broadcast transmission. Note that if the initial power consumption state is, for example, a state where the same power is consumed uniformly and there is no excess or deficiency with respect to the total resources, this distributed control does not require a change.

However, in reality it is difficult to get _fopt solution. This is because, as soon as this control is enabled, resetting the previous on / off state and shifting to another state requires useless activation and stoppage. If power is actually consumed and each element is operated without excess or deficiency, or at least without deficiency, even if the status is different from the _fopt solution, it does not need to be changed. Because there is.

  To implement the above power allocation policy, the power consumed by each element in the current group and the priority information of each element are aggregated (FIGS. 1a and 1b) and reassigned. (Fig. 1c) and notify each element (Fig. 1d. Note that each element controls its own power consumption according to the allocated power as shown in Fig. 1e). . The priority can be dynamically changed depending on the situation where each element is placed, such as the margin for power control at each time point, the number of people at the use position, illuminance, or temperature, and is fixed in advance within the group. Not necessarily, but it is understood and defined by each element. When this operation is performed on a server element provided in the domain, first, the server performs an operation for inquiring power consumption and priority for each element included in the group in the domain. Then, it is necessary to solve the optimization problem, and then notify or instruct the newly determined and updated allocated power for each device element. This operation especially increases the number of elements that make up the group related to power control in the domain, and dramatically increases the amount of communication. Power control is performed at high speed, that is, feedback is performed in real time and resource constraints are imposed. Make it difficult to optimize. If the group included in the domain is small and consists of only 2 to 3 elements, the traffic is not so high, but high speed control is performed with a group of several hundred elements. However, it is difficult to cope with the method in which the server and the client exchange information bidirectionally. Even if a high speed is not required for the control response of the entire domain, if the number of elements constituting the domain is very large, the traffic volume between the server and the client becomes enormous, making the control difficult and the same To be in a difficult situation. When the number of elements that make up a group related to power control within a domain appears or deviates, the number of elements in the group and parameter settings related to communication are also required. It is also necessary to investigate information, and it is difficult to cope with the group configuration that changes from moment to moment, which makes it more difficult to perform feedback control in real time.

  Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-153348 does not require one-to-one bi-directional communication between a server and individual clients. Therefore, even if the number of power consuming elements subject to power control increases, the amount of communication rapidly increases. The power control system and method have excellent expandability because they do not increase and setting work for one-to-one communication is unnecessary. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-153348 provided an information transmission capability control system and method that can be implemented according to the same principle.

  Until now, it was sufficient to consider the response on the "day" scale, so it has only been considered as a direct current element. Even when this instantaneous power control is performed by a simultaneous command, it can be influenced by various model delays inherent in the system and can sometimes cause serious instability. This issue relates to stabilization as a control system for universal objects such as information and energy, not limited to electric power. An object of the present invention is to provide a means for analyzing an influence of a non-DC mechanism placed on a power consuming individual or a system and solving it by using a power system as an application example. The results can be applied universally.

  In addition, power flattening control so far has been almost limited to a DC target value whose target value is a power regulation value. Foreseeing control that does not deviate from the power margin and foreseeing demand for the amount of power that is the integral amount of power over a certain period of time, control that suppresses protrusion is a large phase operation that sets the target value Corresponding to that. This problem also relates to stabilization as a control system for universal objects such as information and energy, not limited to electric power. An object of the present invention is to provide a solving means for a parallel processing method of autonomous distributed which is a high-speed control method and a method of making the control target in the non-DC region compatible. The results can be applied universally.

  In the present invention, as means for exerting the control function in the non-DC region, (A) “stability analysis and stabilization means of the control system in the non-DC region” is described for continuous systems and discrete systems, and (B ) "Two means of providing a predictive control for the instantaneous power and the amount of power that is the power integral value in a certain section and defining the control target in the non-DC range" are provided.

First, "broadcast" as described in the present invention is defined. Means for delivering information to be shared to all individuals in the domain by only transmitting information in one direction or one direction in a significantly shorter time than the control time interval. Broadcast "or" broadcast transmission ". Depending on the method of configuring the network, information may be delivered in multiple steps, but “broadcast” or “broadcast transmission” described in the present invention does not describe strict synchronization. These cases are referred to as “broadcast” or “broadcast transmission” below.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises a broadcast transmission element and one or more power consumption elements individually given priority, and the broadcast transmission element includes one or more power consumption elements. Measures the difference between the current value of the total power consumed in the device and the reference value of the total power consumption, determines the total power adjustment indication value as a function of the difference, and represents the total power adjustment indication value Generates information to be shared within, broadcasts information within the group, receives one or more power consuming elements, and each of the one or more power consuming elements provides to itself The calculated power consumption update value to be used for updating its own power consumption is calculated by using the given priority and the total power consumption adjustment instruction value. Determined in parallel independently of the transmission element, based on the power consumption update value There by controlling the power consumption of the self and that is configured to control the total power consumption in the group, to provide a power control system.

  In the power control system, the total power consumption adjustment instruction value may be a function of system sensitivity.

  The power control system can be further configured such that the priority is dynamically changed in at least one of the one or more power consuming elements.

  System sensitivity differs depending on whether the current value of total power consumption is larger or smaller than the reference value of total power consumption. The system sensitivity when the current value is larger than the reference value is smaller than the reference value. The power control system can be further configured to improve the stability so that the response of the reduction is higher than the increase of the total power consumption in the control of the total power consumption by making the system sensitivity higher than the above case. it can.

  The power to be consumed by each of the one or more power consuming elements is provided with an upper limit value and a lower limit value, and self power consumption control based on the updated power consumption value is performed in each of the one or more power consuming elements. The power control system can be further configured to be performed within a power consumption range that does not exceed the upper limit value and does not fall below the lower limit value.

The broadcast transmission element or the total power consumption monitoring element monitors the transition of the current value of the total power consumption adjusted by repeating the control of the total power consumption in the group,
The value of the difference between the current value of the total power consumption and the reference value when the control is repeated k times is defined as x _k (k is an integer of 0 or more), and the value when the control is repeated k + 1 times is denoted as x _{k. When +1}
In order to estimate the soundness of the power control system using the estimated value of the equivalent transition ratio C _{k, eq} by the broadcast transmission element or the total power consumption monitoring element estimating the equivalent transition ratio C _{k, eq} given by A power control system can be further configured.

  The broadcast transmission element further calculates at least one sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value, and broadcasts at least one sub-constraint information representing the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value in the group, The power consumption element further receives the broadcasted sub-constraint information, and among the one or more power consumption elements, the power consumption element to be controlled based on the sub-constraint information is further given to itself. The sub-constraint power consumption adjustment instruction value is used to determine the sub-constraint power consumption update value, and the power control system is configured to further control its own power consumption based on the sub-constraint power consumption update value. can do.

  In addition to broadcast transmission, the power control system can be further configured to allow bi-directional communication between the broadcast transmission element and at least one of the one or more power consuming elements.

  The present invention further includes a broadcast transmission element to which an upper layer priority is given, and one or more power consumption elements to which a lower layer priority is individually assigned. A lower hierarchy total consumed in a lower hierarchy group including one or more power consumption elements, and configured to receive upper hierarchy information representing an upper hierarchy total power consumption adjustment instruction value broadcast from a transmission element Lower tier total power consumption that should be used to update lower tier total power consumption by calculating power consumption, and calculating using lower tier total power consumption, upper tier priority, and upper tier total power consumption adjustment value It is configured to determine an adjustment instruction value, generate lower layer information to be shared in the lower layer group representing the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value, and broadcast the lower layer information in the lower layer group. More power The consumption element is configured to receive lower layer information broadcast from the broadcast transmission element, and each of the one or more power consumption elements has a lower hierarchy priority and lower layer total power consumption adjustment given to itself. By calculating using the instruction value, the power consumption update value to be used for updating its own power consumption is determined in parallel independently of one or more power consumption elements other than itself and the broadcast transmission element. Then, a power control system configured to control the total power consumption in the lower layer group by controlling its own power consumption based on the power consumption update value is provided.

  The lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value may be a function of lower layer system sensitivity.

  The power control system can be further configured so that the upper layer priority is dynamically changed.

  If the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value is a value that instructs the reduction of the total power consumption in the lower layer group, the total consumption can be increased by increasing the lower layer system sensitivity than when it is an increase instruction value. In the power control, the power control system can be further configured so that the response of the reduction is higher than the increase of the total power consumption and the stability is improved.

  Upper and lower limits are set for the total power consumption to be consumed in the lower layer group, and the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value determined in the broadcast transmission element is determined by the total in the updated lower layer group. The power control system can be further configured so that the broadcast transmission element determines that the power consumption does not exceed the upper limit value and does not fall below the lower limit value.

The broadcast transmission element or the total power consumption monitoring element monitors the transition of the current value of the total power consumption adjusted by repeating the control of the total power consumption in the lower hierarchy group, and the current value and reference value of the total power consumption are monitored. When the control is repeated k times, the value at the time when the control is repeated k times is x _k (k is an integer of 0 or more), and the value at the time when the control is repeated k + 1 times is x _{k + 1.}
In order to estimate the soundness of the power control system using the estimated value of the equivalent transition ratio C _{k, eq} by the broadcast transmission element or the total power consumption monitoring element estimating the equivalent transition ratio C _{k, eq} given by A power control system can be further configured.

  The broadcast transmission element further calculates at least one sub-constrained integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value, and broadcasts at least one sub-constraint information representing the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value in the lower layer group. The above power consumption elements further receive the sub-constraint information broadcasted, and among the one or more power consumption elements, the power consumption element to be controlled based on the sub-constraint information is further given to itself. The above power is determined so that the sub-constraint power consumption update value is determined by calculation using the lower hierarchy priority and the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value, and the self-power consumption is further controlled based on the sub-constraint power consumption update value. A control system can be configured.

  In addition to broadcast transmission, the power control system can be further configured to allow bi-directional communication between the broadcast transmission element and at least one of the one or more power consuming elements.

  One or more power consuming elements are one or more power consuming devices belonging to a specific dwelling unit, office, building, or area, or a group of a plurality of power consuming devices belonging to a set of a specific dwelling unit, office, building, or region. It may be. In other words, one power consuming device may be defined as a power consuming element, or a plurality of power consuming devices may be regarded as one power consuming element.

  The one or more power consuming elements may be a mobile body or a collection of mobile bodies. In other words, the power consuming device may be a mobile object such as a portable information terminal.

  The present invention also includes a broadcast transmission element and one or more information transmission elements individually given priority, and the broadcast transmission element is occupied in a group including the one or more information transmission elements. Measure the difference between the current value of information transmission capability and the reference value of total information transmission capability, determine the total information transmission capability adjustment instruction value as a function of the difference, and within the group representing the total information transmission capability adjustment instruction value Generate information to be shared, broadcast information within the group, one or more information transfer elements receive the broadcast information, and each of the one or more information transfer elements is given to itself Based on the calculation using the priority and the total information transmission capability adjustment instruction value, the information transmission capability update value to be used for updating the information transmission capability of the self is transmitted to the information transmission elements other than the self among the one or more information transmission elements. Information transmission ability determined in parallel independently of the information transmission element By controlling its own signaling capability based on the updated value, configured to control the total information transfer capability in the group, to provide information transmission capacity control system.

  In an example of the information transmission capability control system, the broadcast transmission element may be a communication server, the information transmission element may be a client machine, and the information transmission capability may be a communication speed.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides a difference between a current value of total power consumption consumed by a broadcast transmission element in a group including one or more power consumption elements individually given priority and a reference value of total power consumption. The broadcast transmission element determines a total power adjustment indication value that is a function of the difference and generates information to be shared within the group representing the total power adjustment indication value; and A transmitting element broadcasts information in a group, one or more power consuming elements receive broadcast information, and each of the one or more power consuming elements is given to itself The power consumption update value to be used for updating its own power consumption is calculated by using the priority and the total power consumption adjustment instruction value, and one or more power consumption elements other than itself and broadcast transmission are transmitted. Determining in parallel independent of the elements and one or more Each of the force dissipation element, provided by controlling the power consumption of the self, the power control method and a step of controlling the total power consumption in the group based on the power consumption update value.

  The determination of the total power consumption adjustment instruction value by the broadcast transmission element may be performed by determining the total power consumption adjustment instruction value as a function of the system sensitivity in addition to the difference.

  The power control method may further include dynamically changing the priority in at least one of the one or more power consuming elements.

  System sensitivity differs depending on whether the current value of total power consumption is larger or smaller than the reference value of total power consumption. The system sensitivity when the current value is larger than the reference value is smaller than the reference value. The power control method may be further configured to improve the stability so that the response of the reduction becomes higher than the increase of the total power consumption in the control of the total power consumption by making the system sensitivity higher in the case. it can.

  The power to be consumed by each of the one or more power consumption elements is provided with an upper limit value and a lower limit value, and the own power consumption is controlled based on the power consumption update value performed in each of the one or more power consumption elements. The power control method can be further configured such that the stage is performed within a power consumption range that does not exceed the upper limit value and does not fall below the lower limit value.

In the above power control method, the broadcast transmission element or the total power consumption monitoring element monitors the transition of the current value of the total power consumption adjusted by repeating the control of the total power consumption in the group, and the total power consumption The value of the difference between the current value and the reference value when the control is repeated k times is set to x _k (k is an integer of 0 or more), and the value when the control is repeated k + 1 times is set to x _{k + 1} . sometimes
Equivalent changes the ratio C _k given by _{the eq} estimated broadcast transmission element or the total consumed power monitoring element, equivalent transition ratio C _k, using the estimated value of _eq and assessing the health of the power control method Further, it can be provided.

  In the power control method, the broadcast transmission element further calculates at least one sub-constrained integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value, and at least one sub-constraint information representing the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value in the group. Broadcasting, one or more power consumption elements further receiving broadcast-transmitted sub-constraint information, and of the one or more power consumption elements, power to be controlled based on the sub-constraint information The consumption factor further determines the sub-constraint power consumption update value by calculation using the priority given to itself and the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value, and the self-power consumption based on the sub-constraint power consumption update value And further controlling the control.

  The power control method may further include performing bidirectional communication between the broadcast transmission element and at least one of the one or more power consumption elements in addition to the broadcast transmission.

  Further, the present invention is a step in which a broadcast transmission element to which an upper layer priority is given receives upper layer information representing an upper layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value broadcast from the upper layer broadcast transmission element. The broadcast transmission element measures the lower layer total power consumption consumed in a lower layer group including one or more power consumption elements individually given lower layer priority; and the broadcast transmission element, The lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value to be used for updating the lower layer total power consumption is determined by calculation using the lower layer total power consumption, the upper layer priority, and the upper layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value. A step of generating lower layer information to be shared in the lower layer group representing the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value, a step of broadcasting the lower layer information in the lower layer group, 1 or more power consumption The element receives the lower layer information broadcast from the broadcast transmission element, and each of the one or more power consumption elements has a lower layer priority and a lower layer total power consumption adjustment value given to itself. A step of determining, in parallel, a power consumption update value to be used for updating its own power consumption independently from power consumption elements other than itself and a broadcast transmission element among the one or more power consumption elements by calculation using And a step of controlling total power consumption in the lower layer group by controlling power consumption of each of the one or more power consumption elements based on the power consumption update value. To do.

  The lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value by the broadcast transmission element is calculated by using the lower layer system sensitivity in addition to the lower layer total power consumption, the upper layer priority, and the upper layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value. This may be performed by determining the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value.

  The power control method may further include a step of dynamically changing the upper layer priority.

  If the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value is a value that instructs the reduction of the total power consumption in the lower layer group, the total consumption can be increased by increasing the lower layer system sensitivity than when it is an increase instruction value. In the power control, the power control method can be further configured so that the reduction response is higher than the increase in the total power consumption and the stability is improved.

  Upper and lower limits are set for the total power consumption to be consumed in the lower layer group, and the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value determined in the broadcast transmission element is determined by the total in the updated lower layer group. The power control method can be further configured so that the broadcast transmission element determines that the power consumption does not exceed the upper limit value and does not fall below the lower limit value.

In the power control method, the broadcast transmission element or the total power consumption monitoring element monitors the transition of the current value of the total power consumption adjusted by repeating the control of the total power consumption in the lower layer group, and the total power consumption The value of the difference between the current power value and the reference value at the time when the control is repeated k times is defined as x _k (k is an integer of 0 or more), and the value at the time when the control is repeated k + 1 times is denoted by x _{k + 1.} And when
Equivalent changes the ratio C _k given by _{the eq} estimated broadcast transmission element or the total consumed power monitoring element, equivalent transition ratio C _k, using the estimated value of _eq and assessing the health of the power control method Further, it can be provided.

  In the power control method, the broadcast transmission element further calculates at least one sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value, and at least one sub-constraint information representing the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value A broadcast transmission step, one or more power consumption elements further receiving broadcast broadcast sub-restriction information, and one or more power consumption elements of the control target based on the sub-constraint information The power consumption element further determines the sub-constraint power consumption update value by calculation using the lower layer priority given to itself and the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value, and based on the sub-constraint power consumption update value And further controlling the power consumption of itself.

  The power control method may further include performing bidirectional communication between the broadcast transmission element and at least one of the one or more power consumption elements in addition to the broadcast transmission.

  In the power control method, the one or more power consuming elements include one or more power consuming devices belonging to a specific dwelling unit, office, building, or region, or a plurality of members belonging to a specific dwelling unit, office, building, or region aggregate. It may be a collection of power consuming devices.

  In the power control method, the one or more power consuming elements may be a mobile object or a collection of mobile objects.

  The present invention also provides a current value of total information transmission capability that is occupied in a group including one or more information transmission elements, each of which is assigned a priority, and a reference value of the total information transmission capability. A step of measuring a difference between the broadcast transmission element and a broadcast transmission element determining a total information transmission capability adjustment instruction value that is a function of the difference, and generating information to be shared within the group representing the total information transmission capability adjustment instruction value A broadcast transmitting element broadcasts information in the group, one or more information transfer elements receive the broadcasted information, and each of the one or more information transfer elements, An information transmission capability update value to be used for updating its own information transmission capability is calculated by using the priority given to itself and the total information transmission capability adjustment instruction value. Independent of information transmission element and broadcast transmission element Information comprising: a step of determining, and each of the one or more information transfer elements controlling a total information transfer capability within the group by controlling its own information transfer capability based on the information transfer capability update value. A transmission capacity control method is provided.

  In an example of the information transmission capability control method, the broadcast transmission element may be a communication server, the information transmission element may be a client machine, and the information transmission capability may be a communication speed.

  The present invention also includes a broadcast transmission element and one or more power consumption elements each having a function of directly consuming power or opening / closing power supply, each of which is given priority. A current value as a multivariate indicating the total power consumption or power supply state consumed in a group whose elements include one or more power consumption elements, and a reference value as a multivariate indicating the total power consumption or power supply state In general, to determine a multivariate power adjustment indication that is a function of the difference, or to receive power adjustment indications from other elements and share them within the group representing the power adjustment indication Generates multivariate information, broadcasts information within a group, receives one or more power consuming elements, and each of the one or more power consuming elements is given to itself Priority and power adjustment indication value The power update value to be used for updating its own power consumption or switching power is determined in parallel independently of power consumption elements other than itself and broadcast transmission elements among one or more power consumption elements. Provided is a power control system configured to control the total power consumption or power supply state in a group by controlling its own power consumption or switching power based on an updated value.

  The present invention also includes a broadcast transmission element to which higher layer priority is given and a function of directly consuming power or opening and closing power supply, and one or more individually given lower layer priority. Power transmission element, and the broadcast transmission element is broadcast from the higher-layer broadcast transmission element, and is calculated from the total power consumption or power supply state in the upper layer, generally multivariate power adjustment The lower layer total power consumption is measured by measuring the lower layer total power consumption or power supply state that is configured to receive the upper layer information representing the indication value and is consumed in the lower layer group including one or more power consumption elements. Or, it is generally a multivariate that should be used to update the lower layer total power consumption or power supply status by calculating using the power supply status, upper layer priority, and upper layer power adjustment indication value. Decide the lower layer power adjustment instruction value or receive the lower layer power adjustment instruction value from another element, generate lower layer information to be shared in the lower layer group representing the lower layer power adjustment instruction value, Configured to broadcast information within a lower layer group, wherein one or more power consuming elements are configured to receive lower layer information broadcast from the broadcast transmitting element and configured to receive one or more power consuming elements Each of the power update values to be used for updating its own power consumption or power supply state by calculating using the lower layer priority and lower layer power adjustment instruction value given to itself is one or more power consumption elements. By determining the power consumption elements other than the self and the broadcast transmission elements in parallel independently, and controlling their own power consumption or switching power based on the power update value, Providing a power control system configured to control the total power consumption or power supply state.

  The present invention also provides that the broadcast transmission element has a function of directly consuming power or switching power supply, and is consumed in a group including one or more power consumption elements individually given priority. The difference between the current value as a multivariate indicating the total power consumption or power supply status and the reference value as the multivariate indicating the total power consumption or power supply status is measured. Determine the power adjustment indication value or receive the power adjustment indication value from other elements, generate generally multivariate information to be shared within the group representing the power adjustment indication value, and broadcast the information within the group And one or more power consuming elements receive the broadcast information, and each of the one or more power consuming elements performs self-calculation using the priority and power adjustment instruction value given to itself. Power consumption or switching power The power update value to be used for the update is determined in parallel from one or more of the power consumption elements other than the self and the broadcast transmission element in parallel, and based on the power update value, its own power consumption or switching Provided is a power control method configured to control total power consumption or power supply status within a group by controlling power.

  In addition, the present invention is a broadcast transmission element given a higher layer priority is broadcast from the upper layer broadcast transmission element, is calculated from the total power consumption or power supply state in the upper layer, One or more power consumptions that receive upper layer information representing a multivariate power adjustment instruction value and that have a function of directly consuming power or opening / closing power supply and individually assigned lower layer priority Measures the total power consumption or power supply status of the lower tier consumed in the lower tier group including the element, and uses the lower tier total power consumption or power supply status, upper tier priority, and upper tier power adjustment indication value. In general, the multi-level lower layer power adjustment instruction value to be used to update the lower layer total power consumption or power supply status is determined, or the lower layer power adjustment instruction Is generated from other elements, generates lower layer information to be shared in the lower layer group representing the lower layer power adjustment instruction value, broadcasts the lower layer information in the lower layer group, and consumes one or more powers The element receives the lower layer information broadcast from the broadcast transmission element, and each of the one or more power consuming elements uses the lower layer priority and the lower layer power adjustment instruction value given to itself. By calculation, the power update value to be used for updating own power consumption or power supply status is determined in parallel independently of one or more other power consumption elements and broadcast transmission elements among power consumption elements. Provided is a power control method configured to control the total power consumption or power supply state in a lower layer group by controlling its own power consumption or switching power based on an updated value.

  The biggest obstacle that makes it difficult to solve the problem of the method proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-12924 that requires one-to-one two-way communication between a server and individual clients is within the group. Unless the information (priority, current power consumption, etc.) regarding other clients than the client to be controlled is also integrated, an optimization problem under resource constraints cannot be solved. In order to collect information from the clients in the group and solve the optimization problem, in one example, a countermeasure is taken to provide a dedicated server element in the domain. In this case, one-to-one between the server and many clients. The amount of communication due to the occurrence of directed communication increases, and high-speed power control processing is prevented.

  On the other hand, in the power control system and method of the present invention, the priority of each power consumption element only needs to be grasped by the element and does not need to be collected by a server or the like. Further, in the power control system and method of the present invention, it is not necessary for the server or the like to collect the current value of the power consumption of each element. The only information that must be shared within the domain is the total power consumption adjustment indication value, which can be shared by the broadcast transmission element determined by its own measurement and broadcast within the group. By identifying and separating information that should be shared within the domain and information that only needs to be grasped by individual power consumption elements, it is possible to greatly reduce the amount of communication by distributing power control. It becomes. If the same principle is applied to the domain to which the information transmission element belongs, it is possible to control the information transmission capability in the domain without requiring a large amount of communication.

The figure showing the processing flow of the power control proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-12924 (inquiry about power consumption, priority, etc. from a server). The figure showing the processing flow of the electric power control proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-12924 (answer of each apparatus with respect to the inquiry from a server). The figure showing the processing flow of the power control proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-12924 (calculation of the power consumption allocation using the collected information by the server). The figure showing the processing flow of the electric power control proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-12924 (distribution of the allocation electric power to each apparatus by a server). The figure showing the processing flow of the power control proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-12924 (implementation of power consumption control according to the allocated power in each device). The figure showing the broadcast transmission of the information showing the total power consumption adjustment instruction | indication value from the broadcast transmission element to the power consumption element performed in one Embodiment of the power control according to this invention. The figure showing implementation of the power consumption update in each power consumption element performed independently and in parallel in one Embodiment of the power control according to this invention. The flowchart of the process performed in one Embodiment of the power control according to this invention. The block diagram of the power control system comprised as one Embodiment of this invention which performs the power control of a lower hierarchy based on the information broadcast-transmitted from the upper hierarchy. The figure for demonstrating an example of the definition method of the priority in the power control according to this invention. The operation | movement conceptual diagram when estimating an equivalent transition ratio using a Kalman filter and performing power control, evaluating the soundness of a system and a method. The block diagram of the broadcast transmission element which can be used in the power control according to this invention. The electric power control according to this invention WHEREIN: The block diagram of an inverter equipment type module for operating an electric equipment as a power consumption element. The electric power control according to this invention WHEREIN: The block diagram of an inverter control type module for operating an electric equipment as a power consumption element. The figure explaining the trapezoid policy in priority setting. The figure explaining the trapezoid policy in priority setting. The figure explaining linear type and hyperbolic type priority setting. The figure explaining the example of a setting of a sub constraint. The block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the information transmission capability control system which concerns on this invention. Power control model for each individual Transfer function of each individual A control model for each individual's power consumption relative to the adjustment amount Integration in each individual Feedback gain determination method using server / client method A method of determining feedback gain using broadcast communication and independent parallel method (continuous system) Broadcast gain and independent gain method for determining feedback gain (discrete system) Presence of phase variation factors such as delay in each individual (continuous system) Phase compensation method for broadcast channel (continuous system) Model-embedded phase compensation method for each individual (continuous system) Equivalent structure of model built-in phase compensation method for each individual (continuous system) Measurement of each individual's transmission model and Class value (discrete system) Display example of individual class values for interval and power amplitude Class-wide uncertainty model (discrete system) based on Class Lower limit value of characteristic priority for stability based on Class A numerical value to be multiplied by the domain individual value required for stabilization based on Class Model-based phase compensation method (discrete system) for each individual based on Class Model-embedded phase compensation method for each individual (discrete system) Example of a domain consisting of 6 individuals Power unit (W) Basic response of the system without delay (characteristic priority = 0.7) System basic response without delay (characteristic priority = 3.3) Basic response of the system when there is a delay of 1 interval in the broadcast system (characteristic priority = 0.7) Example of system basic response (characteristic priority = 1.0) stability limit when there is a delay of 1 interval in the broadcast system. Basic response of the system when there is a delay of 4 intervals in the broadcast system (Characteristic priority = 2.9) Example of stability limit. Basic response of the system when there is a delay of 4 intervals in the broadcast system (characteristic priority = 5.8) Basic response of the system when there is a delay of 4 intervals in the broadcast system (Characteristic priority = 9.7) Response example with phase compensation elements in the broadcast system (characteristic priority = 0.7) When broadcast delay is 1 interval, all individuals go back one interval, response example when delay model is incorporated (characteristic priority = 0.7) When broadcast delay is 4 interval, all individuals go back 4 intervals, response example when delay model is incorporated (characteristic priority = 0.7) When the broadcast delay is 1 interval, the response example when the delay model is incorporated, going back one interval only with the main individual (characteristic priority = 0.7) Example of response when broadcast delay is 1 interval and there is a delay of 1 interval between 2 individuals (characteristic priority = 0.7). Response example in which retrogression control is performed for 1 interval in all individuals when the broadcast delay is 1 interval and there is a delay of 1 interval in 2 individuals (characteristic priority = 0.7) When the broadcast delay is 1 interval, the response is compensated by adding the retroactive controls on the individual side when there is a delay of one interval between two individuals (characteristic priority = 0.7) When the broadcast delay is 1 interval, there is a delay of 1 interval for 2 individuals, and the individual side does not compensate, but the response example with reduced system sensitivity only (characteristic priority = 2.4) When the broadcast delay is 1 interval, there is a delay of 1 interval for 2 individuals, and the individual side adds up each backward control to compensate and reduce the system sensitivity (characteristic priority = 2 .4) System configuration with individual compensators on both the broadcast and individual sides Example of control results in which overshooting is suppressed by predictive control of the transmission current at a substation in a system consisting of a railway vehicle and a substation The concept of control that shifts the peak by predicting the energy that deviates from the peak and prepending it The concept of control that shifts the peak by predicting the amount of electric power that deviates from the peak and placing it ahead. Transition of power adjustment amount. Power history obtained as a result of peak shift control. Internal temperature history obtained as a result of peak shift control. Processing flow for implementing dynamic compensation for phase correction etc. in broadcast transmission element and power consumption element Functional block diagram example of a device that measures current and broadcasts with a built-in phase compensator Example of a functional block diagram of a device that secures drive power by induced current, measures current, and broadcasts with built-in phase compensator Example of functional block diagram of a device that controls the duty by shutting down the circuit in a power consuming individual with a built-in phase compensator Example of a functional block diagram of a device having a signal generating mechanism for adjusting a duty to cut off a circuit, incorporating a phase compensator in a power consuming individual

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for implementing a power control system, method, and information transmission capability control system and method of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, the concept and specific procedure of the power control system and method according to the present invention will be described, and then an example of a device configuration for configuring the system for implementing the method will be described. Control of information transmission capability will be described as an example of resource control that can be implemented in principle. However, each system and method of the present invention is not limited to a specific specific configuration shown in each embodiment, and can be appropriately changed within the scope of the present invention.

Concept of power control method The power control according to an embodiment of the present invention is a simplified expression of the solution of the optimization problem shown in the above equation (5) when Q is a diagonal matrix in the above equation (3). The following formula (14)
(14)
Based on. Here, f _{i, k} is the i-th (i is 1) included in the group at the time when power control is repeated k times (k is an integer of 0 or more) in the system (referred to as “current time”). (The integer above) is the power consumption of the power consumption element, and the above equation (14) determines the power consumption f _{i, k + 1} of the i-th power consumption element to be realized in the (k + 1) th power control. It is a formula. In the above formula (14), Q _ii is a priority given to the i-th power consumption element. ΔP is a reference value of the total power consumption based on the current value of the total power consumption in the group (measured by the broadcast transmission element or received by the broadcast transmission element from another element to be measured). This is the difference obtained by subtracting the sum of the rated power consumption of each power consumption element included in the group. It can also be said to be a power consumption value (if the difference is negative, it corresponds to the power to be recovered). S _t is the time for controlling the total power consumption in the group (if negative, as well. In the equivalent. The following power to be restored is the absolute value of [Delta] P) power [Delta] P should be reduced to correspond to the sensitivity Here, this is called system sensitivity. The system sensitivity is theoretically preferably “1”, but does not prevent other sensitivity from being set intentionally. In the following example, a value obtained by multiplying the difference between the current value and the reference value by the system sensitivity is set as a total power consumption adjustment instruction value, and information indicating this is transmitted to the power transmission element by the broadcast transmission element. The total power consumption adjustment instruction value may be the difference value itself, and in this case, it is not necessary to use the system sensitivity (this is equivalent to the case where the system sensitivity is fixed to “1”).

What should be shared within the domain is only information representing the total power consumption adjustment instruction value obtained by multiplying the power ΔP to be reduced or recovered in the entire power control target group by the system sensitivity St. This information is broadcast to each power consuming element in the group by the broadcast transmission element (alert element) (FIG. 2a). Each power consumption element in the target group that has received the information divides this total power consumption adjustment instruction value by the priority defined for each power consumption element as shown in the above equation (14) (reciprocal number). The power to be reduced or the power to be restored (power consumption update value) is calculated for each power consumption element, and the self power consumption is changed based on the power consumption update value (FIG. 2b).
In general, when Q has a non-diagonal element, the operation is not limited to simple division of only its own priority, but is also an operation defined by a function including a priority that can be known by some rule. You may go.

  In Equation (5), the constraint condition is described as a linear sum of power consumed by each power consumption element. In general, the constraint condition is calculated from the power consumed by each power consumption element. It may be non-linear information that is determined. For example, it may be an absolute difference between the maximum power consumption and the minimum power in all elements. The broadcast information is the total power consumption or the power supply status. In addition, the information transmitted by broadcast need not be limited to the scalar quantity, and may include a case of taking a multivariate depending on the content of the constraint condition.

Thus, unlike the method proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-12924, in the power control according to the present invention, the information transmission and the calculation of the power allocation amount are shared between the broadcast transmission element and the power consumption element. Can be made. The broadcast transmission element does not need to collect information from each power consuming element, and the processing in each power consuming element can be executed simultaneously by all the power consuming elements, so the processing time is greatly reduced. In the above equation (14), as described above, it is not essential that f _{i, k be} the power consumption of the i-th power consuming element at the present time, and the optimum solution is obtained by the above equations (6) to (8). As in the case of finding the optimal solution for each power consumption element by _obtaining f _{i, k + 1} with f _{i, k set} to zero (the operation of each power consumption element in the group is once turned off). May be. There is a theoretical relationship between the system sensitivity and each power consumption element priority, and there are conditions that can be converged by this repetition. The range in which the stability can be ensured is very wide, and it will be described later that this method is effective in implementation.

The system sensitivity _St is typically stored as a specified value such as “1” in the broadcast transmission element, but this value may be dynamically changed. For example, [Delta] P in the formula (14) for positive system sensitivity S _t (if the current value of the group in the total power consumption is greater than the reference value), [Delta] P if negative (group in total power consumption of If the system sensitivity _St is greater than the system sensitivity St when the current value is smaller than the reference value, the responsiveness of the reduction can be made higher than the increase of the total power consumption in the control of the total power consumption within the group (such as this). Such determination processing is performed by a determination / execution system circuit or the like in the broadcast transmission element). In addition, stability can be improved. The self-priority Q _ii of each power consuming element is set to an arbitrary interval (typically from the interval at which the control of the above equation (14) is performed by each power consuming element in order to avoid an increase in communication volume. Can be transmitted to the broadcast transmission element at a sufficiently long interval. (Bidirectional communication between the broadcast transmission element and the power consumption element. Note that the self-priority is transmitted by the power included in the group. The broadcast transmission element has an ideal system sensitivity (referred to as effective system sensitivity).
(15)
The can be a system sensitivity S _t. The information representing the above formula total power consumption adjustment value obtained by multiplying ΔP to system sensitivity S _t (15) and broadcasts, the power consumption of the self each power consuming element is the formula (14) using the same In the case of control, the updated power consumption matches the optimal solution given by the above equation (5). When priority is dynamically changed and priority transmission from each power consumption element to the broadcast transmission element is not frequently performed, the priority information possessed by the broadcast transmission element is old. is also possible, if the dynamic variation of priority is not too large, the system sensitivity S _t where broadcast transmission element is determined by the above equation (15) is still considered to be close to the effective system sensitivity.

  As described above, since information to be shared (total power consumption adjustment instruction value) is information that does not require identification of a specific element at the destination, information sharing can be performed by broadcast communication (broadcast communication). it can. In addition, the current power consumption and priority required only on each power consumption element do not need to be transmitted externally from each power consumption element, and each power consumption element is information indicating the total power consumption adjustment instruction value. Can be received. Measures the difference between the current value of the total power consumed within the group and the reference value, and determines the total power adjustment indication value as a function of the broadcast transmission element, once regardless of the number of elements belonging to the domain It is only necessary to perform broadcast transmission, and the amount of communication can be greatly reduced in the execution of power control of this embodiment. Whether the number of elements belonging to the domain is one or tens of thousands, this distributed processing type power control system can maintain a high-speed response without requiring an increase in control cycle time. Rather than acquiring information on all power consumption elements in server-client communication and realizing an ideal control solution in one cycle, the processing is shared between the broadcast transmission element and the power consumption element, and round-trip communication is performed. The use of the overwhelmingly high speed when the number of iterations is repeated while performing one-way communication is the basis of the measure that enables high-speed operation by power control of this embodiment. This is one of the biggest features.

  In addition, there is a conventional technique in which broadcasting is performed to control power to devices in the domain by performing simultaneous instructions by broadcast transmission in order to allocate power at a predetermined ratio. Is required to prove that the sum of the allocation amounts to the member elements meets the constraints, and it cannot be guaranteed that these orders will be achieved by a feed forward method. In addition, when priority changes dynamically depending on the number of users and the illuminance environment, especially in lighting equipment in offices, optimization with priority is only required by selecting the default operation mode of the command system. The solution of cannot be obtained. The feature of this system is that it provides a function for obtaining an optimum solution at a high speed by sharing control processing by both the broadcast transmission element and the power consumption element, not by control by simple command.

(Preferred implementation method and expected effects)
Although the above strategy has been discussed based on the optimization calculation method, a series of operations can be defined more generally. ΔP in the above equation (14) is obtained by subtracting the reference value of the total power consumption from the current value of the total power consumption in the group at the time when the power control in the system is repeated k times. Here, it is expressed as ΔP _k . [Delta] _Pk is a relative current total power consumption, that is, a total power consumption to be reduced or recovered, as viewed from a reference value of the total power consumption in the group.

In the k-th power control process, each power consumption element defined as the i-th power consumption element (i = 1 to N, where N is the total number of power consumption elements included in the group) is ΔP _k. The power consumption is reduced by α _i (ΔP _k ), which is a function of (if α _i (ΔP _k ) is positive, and if it is negative, it is recovered by the absolute value of α _i (ΔP _k ). ), The total power consumption ΔP _{k + 1} to be reduced or recovered from the total power consumption in the group in the (k + 1) th power control process is expressed by the following equation (16).
(16)

Here, when ΔP _k = 0, it is defined as α _i (0) = 0, and it is assumed that α _i (ΔP _k ) can be expanded as shown in the following equation (17).
(17)

That is, the total power consumption to be reduced or recovered from the total power consumption in the group changes in the following equation (18).
(18)

Therefore, if the function α _i can be set so that the condition of the following expression (19) is satisfied, ΔP converges by repeating the power control, so that the control satisfying the restriction on the total power consumption can be performed within the group.
(19)
This condition is very lenient and allows a wide range of function expressions to be introduced for α _i .

Given certain conditions with respect to α _i or β _i , these describe the preference settings. This is shown below.

This simplest distributed processing can be described by the following equation (20).
(20)

The above equation (20) can be further modified as the following equation (21).
(21)

Comparing the above equation (5) obtained by solving the optimization problem with the above equation (21), the power allocation solution in the optimization problem corresponds to placing β _i = 1 / Q _ii , 20) The simplest control method listed in 20) is the problem of reassigning the amount obtained by multiplying the total power consumption ΔP _k to be reduced or recovered by the sum of β _i as shown in the above equation (21). We can confirm that it is equivalent to the solution. In particular, the sum is the following formula (22)
(22)
If it satisfies, it can be understood that an optimization solution that satisfies the central condition of the above-described stability condition and reallocates the power consumption to be reduced or recovered, which is the original problem, is provided. This describes the original significance of setting the sum of β _i to “1”. The system sensitivity given by processing on each element, which is modified from the optimization problem, should theoretically be set to the same “1”, but it is simplified for each element again. process as can be readily seen from intentionally, to the system sensitivity and is not the value "1" is to dare operational method of providing another problem reassigning S _t times the power consumption to be reduced or recovery It turns out that it corresponds. Therefore, the system sensitivity may be operated as a value that is not necessarily “1”.

By distributing the processing in the system to this extremely simplified sharing of information in the domain and processing on each power consumption element in the domain, it is possible to achieve a significant speedup. Regardless of whether the number of power consumption elements placed in the domain is one or tens of thousands, this distributed processing type power control system and method does not require an increase in control cycle time, and a high-speed response is achieved. Can continue to maintain. The biggest factor that the control converges without requiring the summation of the priorities of all power consumption elements is that the sum of the reciprocals of the priorities is normalized and used as shown in the above formula (22), for example. This is the most important idea that makes this control possible. Actually, how to assign priority is greatly related to practical use. It is not essential to set β _i = 1 / Q _ii as a reciprocal, but it is essential to normalize the overall system sensitivity. A specific setting method will be described later.

Specific Procedure of Power Control Method Here, a specific procedure of the power control method according to the present embodiment will be described using the flowchart of FIG.

  First, a broadcast transmission element (such as a smart meter) configured as shown in FIG. 7 described later measures the difference between the current value of the total power consumption in the group and the reference value (step S301). In one example, the current value of the total power consumption within the group is measured by connecting a broadcast transmission element equipped with a power meter to the switchboard, etc., and the rated consumption of the power consumption elements included in the group The difference is measured by subtracting the total power (in one example, stored in advance in a memory or the like included in the broadcast transmission element) from the current value.

  Next, the broadcast transmission element multiplies the difference by the system sensitivity to determine a total power consumption adjustment instruction value, and generates information representing this (step S302). As described above, the system sensitivity is typically “1”, but other values may be used. The system sensitivity is typically stored in advance in the memory of the broadcast transmission element. As described above, the difference itself may be used as the total power consumption adjustment instruction value (the system sensitivity may not be used), and when the difference is positive, for example, than when it is negative. As described above, if the system sensitivity is increased, the reduction response becomes higher than the increase in the total power consumption.

  Next, the broadcast transmission element broadcasts the information in the group (step S303). No address designation is required in the broadcast transmission, and information is broadcast from the broadcast transmission element at a specific radio frequency, for example.

  Next, each power consumption element included in the group receives the information (step S304). The power consumption element is an element configured by attaching, for example, a module shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 to an electric device (if the electric device has a function to be given by the module, the module is unnecessary) ), For example, the information transmitted at the radio frequency is received using an antenna or various communication circuits.

Next, each power consumption element determines a power consumption update value from the received information and its own priority (step S305). In one example, the power consumption is calculated by multiplying the total power consumption adjustment instruction value (ΔP × S _t ) obtained from the received information by the reciprocal of its own priority (1 / Q _ii ) as shown in the above equation (14). Determine the update value. Each power consumption element only _needs to store its own priority Q _ii , and this priority can be dynamically changed at an arbitrary timing (as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9). A user interface may be provided through which the user may set priorities, or may be changed by the operation of any decision / implementation circuit).

  Next, each power consumption element controls its own power consumption based on the power consumption update value determined by itself (step 306). In one example, each power consumption element reduces its own power consumption by the value of the power consumption update value under the control of the circuit breaker and inverter (FIGS. 8 and 9) provided therein (or the above formula (14)). If ΔP is negative, it is recovered). However, when an upper limit value and a lower limit value are provided for the power to be consumed in each power consumption element, control is performed within a power consumption range that does not exceed the upper limit value and does not fall below the lower limit value. For example, if the power consumption factor becomes inoperable if the power consumption is reduced by the power consumption update value, the power consumption is reduced only to the lowest operable level, or the power consumption is updated by the value of the power consumption update value. If the power consumption of the power consumption element is recovered, the rated power consumption of the power consumption element may be exceeded. Thereby, the total power consumption in the group is controlled.

Consider a case where the priority is set independently for a specific power consumption element in a situation where the robustness and the plug-and-play system sensitivity _St are adjusted to “1”. That is, when the priority is adjusted so as to increase from Q _{kk, 0} to Q _{kk, 1} in the k-th power consumption element, the following equation (23)
However,
If
(23)
As can be seen from the variation of, it can be seen that the problem that is solved as a result corresponds to a slightly modified problem in that the power to be reduced or recovered is from ΔP to (1−ε) ΔP. In addition, if ε is small, the above-described stability condition is not significantly affected. This makes it possible to obtain the resource constraint problem “similarly” and exhibits excellent characteristics that can absorb the change in priority that can be defined from moment to moment in each power consumption element belonging to the domain. .

Next, let us consider a case where a new power consumption element having another power control capability suddenly appears in a domain originally configured to include N power consumption elements. In the power control of this embodiment, as communication within the domain, only transmission by broadcast transmission from the broadcast transmission element (alert element) is necessary, and participation or withdrawal of a new power consumption element affects the communication volume. do not do. If the priority of the new power consumption element is Q _{N + 1, N + 1} , the system sensitivity is expressed by the following equation (24).
However,
(24)
Are the same as in the case of a of S _t, which in the original resource constrained optimization problem, the power consumption to be reduced or recovery is equivalent to problems multiplied (1 + ε '), a "similar" It shows that a solution can be provided. In addition, if ε ′ is small, the effect on the above-described stability is slight, and it can be seen that the power control has plug and play characteristics.

Soft breaker The system of the present embodiment can be configured to form part of a hierarchical structure. In one example, the broadcast transmission element is between the upper and lower layers, and in the upper layer it is a member element (behaves like a power consumption element and is reduced within the lower layer group using information received from the upper layer broadcast transmission element. Alternatively, the total power consumption to be recovered is determined.), And the broadcast transmission element (alert element) is provided in the lower hierarchy (FIG. 4). Such a broadcast transmission element (lower-layer broadcast transmission element) is referred to as a “soft breaker”. The specific configuration of the soft breaker is the same as the broadcast transmission element already described (FIG. 7), but not only the broadcast transmission function for the lower layer group but also the upper layer broadcasted from the upper layer broadcast transmission element. The difference is that it also has a function of receiving information.

  In the upper layer, the soft breaker is the upper layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value (upper layer system sensitivity in the upper layer domain) that is sent by broadcast transmission from the upper layer broadcast element (alert element) of the upper layer domain. And the product of the total power consumption to be reduced or recovered), and based on the priority of the upper layer possessed by itself, for example, the upper layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value with the upper layer priority The total power consumption to be reduced or recovered, which is allocated in the lower hierarchy group that it is in charge of, is calculated by, for example, dividing. It is not necessary for the soft breaker to transmit to the higher-layer broadcast transmission element (however, as a smart grid client or the like, it does not prevent transmitting information for “visualization” based on the request). The higher layer priority may be transmitted at a certain timing, etc.). Thereafter, as already described, the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value is determined by arbitrarily multiplying this value by the system sensitivity (lower layer system sensitivity), and the information (lower layer information) indicating this is determined as the lower layer group. Broadcast to. It is not necessary to perform any reception from the power consumption elements belonging to the lower domain (as described above, the lower layer priority may be received at an arbitrary timing). The power consumption element in the lower layer group that has received the lower layer information updates the power consumption to be reduced or recovered from its own power consumption using the priority (lower layer priority) given to itself as described above. The value is determined, and the power consumption of itself is controlled based on the value.

  The upper layer priority and the lower layer priority can be dynamically changed at an arbitrary timing (as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a user interface is provided in the power consumption element, and the user sets the priority via this. Or may be changed by the operation of an arbitrary determination / execution circuit). For the lower layer system sensitivity, if the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value is a value that instructs the reduction of the total power consumption in the lower layer group, the lower layer system sensitivity is more than the value that instructs the increase. As described above, the higher the power consumption, the higher the reduction response than the increase in the total power consumption in the lower layer group. In addition, upper and lower limits are set for the total power consumption to be consumed in the lower hierarchy group, and the lower hierarchy total is within the range that the soft breaker determines that the total power consumption does not exceed the upper limit and does not fall below the lower limit. It is preferable to determine power consumption. Specifically, after the soft breaker measures the total power consumption in the lower layer group, if the total power consumption is reduced and restored by the lower layer total power adjustment indication value, the updated total power consumption The total power consumption after the update will be reduced if the value falls below the operable lower limit value or exceeds the upper limit rated total power consumption (the total rated power consumption of the power consumption elements in the lower layer group) Can be operated such as changing the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value so that the value falls between the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

Numerical Example 1 by Numerical Calculation Numerical Example-1 shown in Tables 1 to 8 below includes six different power consumption elements, and when different priorities are defined for them, all the elements are initially turned on. This is a result of numerical calculation when the power control according to the present embodiment is simulated seven times from the situation where the excess power is 200 W (unit of power is W).

  In this example, the system sensitivity is assumed to be “1” in the broadcast transmission element (alert element). However, the power consumption elements in the system have their priorities set independently, and the effective system sensitivity is 0. 75. In other words, the results in Tables 1 to 8 correspond to an example in which the broadcast transmission element repeats without excessive control requests by 4/3 times. In this example, the system sensitivity at the time of recovery of the total power consumption, that is, non-linear control is not performed. From the results of Tables 1 to 8, it can be seen that the control is promptly achieved in the domain.

Next, Tables 9 to 16 below show the results of simulation implementation (Numerical Example-2) performed with the power consumption factor E having a very high priority.

  In Numerical Example-2, there are six power consumption elements in the domain, but here, an element that gives a very high priority to one power consumption element and almost ignores the control command is introduced. The same element is an example in which the power consumption is changed independently. In this control, it is accepted that there are member individuals that do not receive or ignore control commands in the domain as described above, and despite this, the control generally satisfies the regulation of total power smoothly. I understand that.

System sensitivity setting, soundness estimation, and performance improvement Ideal effective system sensitivity and system sensitivity of broadcast transmission element (alert element) (Basic initial value is “1”) ), And if there is a significant discrepancy, the stability of power control may be impaired as described above. When the sum of β _i is less than “1”, asymptotic convergence only occurs and does not become a hindrance, but exceeding “1” is not preferable because it presents an oscillation aspect. The simplest way to prevent this is to introduce nonlinearity in the system sensitivity. Specifically, when the total power consumption should be adjusted in the direction of reduction, the system sensitivity as defined is used, and in contrast, when surplus power is detected and recovered, the system sensitivity is lowered and broadcast transmission is performed. Sending the above information to be shared from the element. Thereby, the range in which the aforementioned stability is ensured can be greatly improved.

  On the other hand, it is not preferable that the effective system sensitivity is a value greatly different from the system sensitivity of the broadcast transmission element due to the independent definition in each power consumption element. For this, a method of transmitting the priority of each power consumption element to the broadcast transmission element by low-speed bidirectional communication in parallel with high-speed power control by broadcast transmission and collecting information from each power consumption element However, there is a method for confirming the soundness by estimating the effective system sensitivity while ensuring the dispersibility based on the original concept of the distributed processing required in the present invention. As a result, the performance is also improved.

In general, the power control in this embodiment requires more repetitions than the ideal power control that converges once. The total power consumption to be reduced or recovered (difference between the current value of the total power consumption and the reference value) is set as x _k (k corresponds to the number of times the power control is executed), and the power control processing of this embodiment is executed. As a result, assuming that this has changed to y _k = x _{k + 1} , an equivalent transition ratio is introduced by the following equation (25).
(25)
Note that the equivalent transition ratio is not always constant. For example, the following equation (26)
(26)
As shown in FIG.

In actual power consumption control in the power consumption element, it may take some time to adjust power consumption. They are first-order lag systems and the following formula (27)
(27)
Can be expressed as U _k wherein indicates inputting instruction values of the reduced power instructed.

Therefore, the transition of the total power consumption to be reduced or recovered within the domain is delayed from the aforementioned transition process, or a substantial difference in system sensitivity occurs. The ratio of the equivalent system sensitivity S _t taking this into consideration to the true value S _t ^* (ideal effective system sensitivity) is expressed by the following equation (28).

(28)

If the equivalent transition ratio C _{k, eq} is close to zero, the soundness of the power control system and method is high, and it can be interpreted that the soundness is low as the distance from zero is high. As will be shown below, the broadcast transmission element is typically (in addition to the broadcast transmission element, for example, a separate total power consumption monitoring element having a similar function in the system may be provided, and this may be performed. The same applies to the following), and it is possible to estimate the soundness by estimating the equivalent transition ratio C _{k, eq} using the Kalman filter.

The effective system sensitivity may vary gradually depending on external factors such as adjustable power margin, number of users, illuminance, temperature, and the like. The Kalman filter for estimating the system sensitivity ratio S _t / S _t ^* is expressed by the following equation (29).
(29)

As a specific estimation procedure, the broadcast transmission element (or the total power consumption monitoring element, etc.) monitors the transition of the current value of the total power consumption adjusted by repeating the control of the total power consumption in the group, The value of the difference between the current value of the total power consumption and the reference value when the control is repeated k times is defined as x _k (k is an integer of 0 or more), and the value when the control is repeated k + 1 times is denoted as x _k. The broadcast transmission element (or the total power consumption monitoring element or the like) estimates the equivalent transition ratio C _{k, eq} given by the above equation (27) when ₊₁ is set based on the above equation (29). Specifically, x _k is first determined by measuring the difference between the current value of the total power consumption and the reference value, and then multiplied by the current estimated value of the equivalent transition ratio C _{k, eq} to obtain C _{k, eq} x _k. Y _k is determined as the difference between the current total power consumption after power control and the reference value, and an estimation error is calculated by subtracting C _{k, eq} x _k from y _k , which is multiplied by K. The convergence value of the equivalent transition ratio can be obtained by repeating the procedure of updating the estimated value to C _{k + 1 , eq} by adding the value to the current estimated value C _{k, eq} . If this convergence value is close to zero, it can be said that the power control method and the soundness of the system are high.

This Kalman filter converges under the condition of the following expression (30).
(30)

In the converged (steady state) state, the following equation (31) is established.
(31)
However, δC _{k + 1, eq} and δC _{k, eq} are estimation errors obtained by subtracting the estimated value from the true value of C _{k + 1, eq} and C _{k, eq} respectively, and C _{k, eq} ^* is equivalent. The true value of the transition ratio. Further, the following formula (32)
(32)
A model in which the true value of the equivalent transition ratio fluctuates according to

There is no estimation error except for the fluctuation of the equivalent transition ratio, and a residual is generated by the effect that the equivalent transition ratio changes due to an external factor. This residual becomes zero when the equivalent transition ratio is constant. By estimating during this period and checking the effective system sensitivity ratio (that is, equivalent transition ratio), the soundness of the system can be confirmed. Also, based on this, it is possible to update the system sensitivity held by the broadcast transmission element (alert element) while providing upper and lower limits. The original transition rule is ideally that the response of each power consuming element is sufficiently fast and f is almost zero. Ideally, the true system sensitivity (effective system sensitivity) matches the system sensitivity recognized by the alert element, C _{k, eq} ^* is zero, and the equivalent transition ratio estimate C _{k, eq} is also zero. Should be. Equivalently, the transition of the total power consumption ΔP _k to be reduced or recovered does not become zero due to the influence of the transient response of each element, that is, the influence of f and the recognition error of the system sensitivity. In order to extract the recognition error of the system sensitivity, f should be set to a sufficiently small value, which means that the time period for repeating this Kalman filter is shorter than the transient response time constant of each element in the domain. Indicates that it should be kept large enough. That is, the repetition period of the Kalman filter should be sufficiently longer than the control period. The estimation of soundness of power control can be similarly performed when the broadcast transmission element is a soft breaker.

Specific priority setting example Hereinafter, a specific priority setting example related to the power control of the present embodiment will be described.

Type 1 Prioritization method: Basic type performed on each device (power consumption element) side (when configured with devices of the same scale)
“Priority of each device” = “value of the total number of control target elements in the group” is set as the basic priority. Since it is a fixed value, the system is very stable. By doing so, the basic system sensitivity of the entire domain can be set to approximately “1”. Note that the feature of this system is that control stability is not affected even if the priority is increased independently on the individual device side. For example, “priority of each element” = “elements to be controlled in the group” "Total number of values" x "Standard illuminance / actual illuminance"
Can be employed in the LED lighting domain. When the upper and lower limits are set for power consumption as described above, if the reduction in power consumption obtained by calculation is less than the operation maintenance limit, the operation maintenance limit is set as the lower limit, and conversely the calculated negative When the amount of reduction exceeds the rated power consumption, operation such as setting the rated power consumption as the upper limit is performed.

Type 2 Prioritization method: State-dependent type performed on each device (power consumption element) side (when configured with the same scale device)
"Priority of each device" = "Equipment rated maximum reducible power / Instantaneous reducible power" x "Total value of the number of inverter control devices in the domain"
Is the basic priority. i-th equipment rated maximum reducible power in devices, a [Delta] P _imax obtained by subtracting the power consumption P _imin of lower operable from the rated power P _imax, instantaneous reducible power is currently consumed in the device This is ΔP _i obtained by subtracting the _operable lower limit power consumption P _imin from the power P _i (FIG. 5). That is, the power or duty currently consumed is measured (performed by the galvanometer and detector I / F in FIGS. 8 and 9), and this is calculated by each device. By doing so, the basic system sensitivity of the entire domain is set to approximately “1”. It is a feature of this method that even if the priority is manually increased on the individual device side, the control stability is not affected. For example, “priority of each device” = “power that can be reduced to the maximum rating of the device” / Instantaneous power reduction ”x“ Total number of inverter control devices in the domain ”x“ Standard illuminance / actual illuminance ”
Can be employed in the LED lighting domain. When the calculated reduction amount falls below the operation maintenance limit, the operation maintenance limit is set as the lower limit. Conversely, when the calculated negative reduction amount exceeds the rated power, the rated power is used.

Type 3 Prioritization method: Basic type to be performed on each device (power consumption factor) side (when configured with a device with larger scale)
“Priority of each device” = “Maximum rated power that can be reduced within the domain / Maximum rated power that can be reduced by the device”
Is the basic priority. The rated maximum reducible power within the domain is the total of the device rated maximum reducible power for each device included in the group. Such priority numbers are fixed and the system is very stable. By doing so, the basic system sensitivity of the entire domain is set to approximately “1”. Note that the characteristic of this method is that control stability is not affected even if the priority is manually increased on the individual device side. For example, “priority of each device” = “maximum rating within the domain” Reducible power / instantaneous reducible power ”x“ reference illuminance / actual illuminance ”
Can be employed in the LED lighting domain. When the calculated reduction amount falls below the operation maintenance limit, the operation maintenance limit is set as the lower limit. Conversely, when the calculated negative reduction amount exceeds the rated power, the rated power is used.

Type 4 Prioritization method: State-dependent type performed on each device (power consumption factor) side (when configured with a device with a larger scale)
"Priority of each device" = "Maximum rated power that can be reduced within the domain / Maximum power that can be reduced by device rating" x "Maximum power that can be reduced by device rating / Power that can be instantaneously reduced" = "Maximum rated power reduction within the domain" Possible power / instantaneous reduction possible power "
Is a basic priority (see the following formula (33)).
Priority of device j
(33)
That is, the power or duty currently consumed is measured and calculated by each device. By doing so, the basic system sensitivity of the entire domain is set to approximately “1”. Note that the characteristic of this method is that control stability is not affected even if the priority is manually increased on the individual device side. For example, “priority of each device” = “maximum rating within the domain” Reducible power / instantaneous reducible power ”x“ reference illuminance / actual illuminance ”
Can be employed in the LED lighting domain. When the calculated reduction amount is below the operation maintenance limit, the operation maintenance limit is set as the lower limit. Conversely, when the calculated negative reduction amount exceeds the rated power, it is limited to the rated power.

In this case, the effective system sensitivity S _t in the domain is described by the following equation (34).
(34)

Here, the “in-domain power adjustment degree” is defined by the following equation (35).
In-domain power adjustment level =
(35)
This “intra-domain power adjustment” is the actual (effective) system sensitivity in the domain. The value can be calculated by collecting information from member elements. However, in order to reduce the communication required for this power control method, the alert element assumes a predetermined sensitivity value of “1” unless otherwise specified. ing. In fact, if all of the member elements are operating at the rated power, "1" is taken. The intra-domain power adjustment is used to calculate a priority representing a lower layer domain in which the member element becomes an alert element in the upper layer when the system is hierarchized.

  Prioritization related to power reduction is almost always a fixed value of type 1 in the case where a domain is composed of many devices of the same scale. In a case where a dwelling unit or the like is composed of devices of different scales, a fixed value of type 3 is usually acceptable. In a case where a dwelling unit or the like is configured with devices of different scales and when responsiveness is pursued as much as possible, a type 4 prioritization method that is state dependent can be taken.

Further study on prioritization Here, when setting priorities, it is recommended to calculate based on instantaneous “rated maximum reducible power in device or domain / instantaneous reducible power”. However, in actual installation, there is a case where it is desired to assign a priority to each power consumption element in advance without depending on numerical evaluation. Hereinafter, such a case will be further examined.

  Let N be the total number of power consumption elements in the domain. The simple method of setting the sum of the reciprocal of the sum of priorities to approximately “1” is the lowest priority, that is, (N / 2) is the element that contributes to power reduction, and (N) is the most on average. Assigning (2N) to (3N) to an element having a high priority, that is, not wanting to participate in power reduction. For example, in a domain to which three power consumption elements belong, if the priority is 1.5, 3, 6, the effective system sensitivity can be 6/7. In a domain to which five elements belong, if the priority is 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7, and 10, the effective system sensitivity can be 70/79.

  Here, the method of setting the effective system sensitivity to approximately 1, that is, the method of giving priority to the convergence of the control was shown. However, the higher the effective system sensitivity of the domain, the lower the convergence, but the lower the priority. By setting the degree to N and the highest priority to 2N to 3N, the robustness becomes higher. For the three power consumption elements, if the priority is 3,4.5,6, the effective system sensitivity is 18/13, and for the five elements, the priority is 5,6,7,8,10. As a result, the effective system sensitivity is 840/617.

The priority setting described above corresponds to a safe setting for making the actual system sensitivity smaller than one. In setting, the calculation may be performed based on the power of a rational number of “rated maximum reducible power / instantaneous reducible power in device or domain” instantaneously, and the function type is not particularly limited. For example, in type 2,
“Priority of each device” = “[3-2.5 × (power that can be instantaneously reduced / power that can be reduced to the maximum rated device) ^ 2] ד total value of the number of inverter control devices in the domain ””
(^ 2 represents square). According to this, the lowest priority is N / 2 and the highest priority is 3N.

Next, the qualitative concept regarding the minimum priority will be described by taking the type 2 priority as an example. If the priority is set to N / 2 for all power consumption elements, the effective system sensitivity _St is _St = 1 / (N * (2 / N)) = 1/2. In this state, if the alert element broadcasts using “1” which is the default system sensitivity, the system falls into a continuous vibration state and reaches the stability limit. Therefore, a setting method in which the lowest priority is not lower than N / 2 in any power consumption factor should be taken.

Specific priority setting examples Three specific priority setting examples will be described below. However, the priority setting method is not limited to these methods.
(1) Trapezoid policy: A simple method for qualitative setting.
(2) Linear priority: A method of mathematically setting based on the driving situation of each individual.
(3) Hyperbolic priority: A method of mathematically setting based on the driving situation of each individual.

(1) Trapezoid policy: A simple method for qualitative setting.
While considering the average priority in the domain as N. This is a qualitative method from N / 2 to 2N or 3N from the lowest priority to the highest priority, and does not require quantitative evaluation (FIGS. 10 and 11). Increasing effective system sensitivity is inferior to transient response but leads to improved stability. In this case, it may be practical to set N to (2N) or N to (3N) from the lowest priority to the highest priority. Qualitatively, the system sensitivity can be approximated by trapezoidal integration.

(2) Linear priority: A method of mathematically setting based on the driving situation of each individual.
X = (instantaneous reducible power / equipment rated maximum reducible power) can be considered to cause random fluctuations between 0 and 1. In type 2,
“Priority of each device” = “[A− (A−1 / 2) X] ד total value of the number of inverter control devices in the domain ”
By setting A to 2 or 3, the priority can be linearly changed from the lowest value N / 2 to 2N or 3N (FIG. 12). The effective system sensitivity can be obtained by integrating the reciprocal of this priority between [0-1] for X and further reciprocal. They are 1.082 (A = 2) and 1.395 (A = 3), and it can be seen that stable control can be provided.
“Priority of each device” = “[A− (A−1) X] ד total value of the number of inverter control devices in the domain ”
If priority is set, priority setting that is advantageous to stability is possible although it is inferior to transient response (FIG. 12). In this case, the effective system sensitivity can be further increased to 1.443 (A = 2) and 1.820 (A = 3).
In type 4, instead of “the total value of the number of inverter control devices in the domain”, for example, a method using “(rated maximum reducible power in the domain / power rated maximum reducible power in the domain)” is supported.

(3) Hyperbolic priority: A method of mathematically setting based on the driving situation of each individual.
Similarly,
X = (Power that can be instantaneously reduced / Power that can be reduced to the maximum rated equipment)
Consider random fluctuations between 0 and 1.
At this time,
“Priority of each device” = “X ^ (− γ) / (γ + 1)”
There is a strategy to use the priority. Here, γ is an arbitrary positive real number. When the reciprocal of the priority is integrated between X intervals [0-1] and the reciprocal is taken and the effective system sensitivity is calculated, it can be set to “1”, and it can be seen that an excellent control system can be configured. As γ, the most intuitive case is when γ = 1.
Corresponding to “priority of each device” = “(equipment rated maximum reducible power / instantaneous reducible power) ד total value of the number of inverter control devices in the domain ”× (1/2)” The minimum priority is N / 2 and the maximum priority is infinite (FIG. 12). In type 4,
“Priority of each device” = “(rated maximum reducible power in domain / reducible power instantaneously) × (1/2)”
Corresponds to. Also in this case, it is possible to perform integration over the entire domain and evaluate the effective system sensitivity, and according to this, it can be proved that the effective system sensitivity can be secured to “1” or more. The priorities already mentioned are twice the theoretically derived priorities here. This corresponds to the fact that the effective system sensitivity is doubled, and it can be understood that priority is given to ensuring stability over transient response.

Setting priority in soft breaker The system sensitivity (upper layer system sensitivity) in the upper layer domain is basically “1”. This soft breaker does not require any setting or monitoring. Even in the upper layer, as already explained using Expressions (25) to (32), real-time estimation is performed with an alert element (upper layer broadcast transmission element), system health is evaluated, and inspection is performed. Is possible.

The system sensitivity used by this soft breaker as an alert element in the lower hierarchical domain is also basically “1”. If necessary, different values may be set with this soft breaker. In the lower hierarchy, this soft breaker can perform real-time estimation as an alert element, evaluate the system health as already described using the equations (25) to (32), and perform an inspection. In the upper hierarchy, this soft breaker functions as one member element. The priority (upper hierarchy priority) possessed as one member element in this upper hierarchy can be set as the priorities of types 1 to 4 described above. In the simplest priority setting, for example, in a hierarchy composed of a plurality of domains of the same scale in a smart grid, the priority may be fixed to the number of domains, that is, the number of member elements (type 1 priority setting). Moreover, the value obtained by dividing the total power that can be reduced in the upper layer by the power that can be reduced in the entire lower layer domain of this soft breaker is defined as the priority as one member element in the upper layer. Also good. This is a setting method effective in a hierarchy composed of a plurality of domains of different scales in a smart grid (type 3 priority setting). According to the type 2 priority, the priority of the soft breaker in this higher layer domain is
"Lower-layer power adjustment in domain" x "Number of members in upper-layer domain"
Can be defined. Also, following type 4 priority,
“Lower-layer domain power adjustment” x “(Maximum rated power that can be reduced in higher-level domains) / (Rated maximum power that can be reduced in lower-level subordinates)”
May be defined.

When reduction of total power consumption is required for an example of asymmetric priority setting related to power recovery , reduction of power consumption must be avoided in power consumption elements with a small reduction margin. In such an element, the priority is defined high in order to reduce the electric power shared among the reduction amounts required for the entire domain. According to this concept, when recovering from a state where the power allowed in the domain is reduced, a recovery amount should be allocated more positively to such an element with a small reduction margin. In some cases, it is preferable to reduce the priority of such elements. Assuming that the priority at the time of reduction in the i-th power consumption factor is Q _i , as a rational setting method of the priority at the time of restoration, considering complementarity and normalizing the reciprocal priority sum to “1” For example, what follows the following formula | equation (36) can be considered.
(36)
This setting can also be performed on each power consumption element. According to this, when the priority at the time of reduction is 2, 3 and 6 in the domain to which the three power consumption elements belong (the reciprocal sum is taken as 1), the priority at the time of return is 4, 3 , 2.4. In the type 1 priority setting described above, the priority is the total number N of individuals in the domain. In this case, the priority at the time of return is the same N. In this way, when power reduction is required within the domain and when power can be restored, depending on the sign of the total power consumption adjustment value indicated by the broadcast information, It is also possible to change the priority asymmetrically in the calculation in.

There are not one method for determining the priority at the time of return, and there are various methods. The basic idea is that for high-priority elements that required maintenance of power supply when reductions were in progress, return power allocation was given priority when recovering power resources. In other words, it is the idea of lowering the priority at the time of return, and since the allocated power interpreted by each element is 1 / (priority) times, it is appropriate to think that it is determined by the expression according to the following equation (37). is there.
(37)
When the reciprocal sum of the priorities at the time of reduction is “1”, the condition for the reciprocal sum of the priorities at the time of recovery to be “1” is aNb = 1. The definition of the priority at the time of return is an example in which a = b is standardized so that the reciprocal sum of the sum of priorities at the time of return is “1”.

Another way of thinking is that the ratio assigned by the priority at the time of reduction and the ratio assigned by the priority at the time of restoration should satisfy a complementary relationship. When imposed, the priority at the time of return is determined by the following equation (38).
(38)
According to this, in the domain to which the three elements belong, when the priority at the time of reduction is 2, 3 and 6 (the reciprocal sum is taken as 1), the priority at the time of return is set to 6, The opposite priority can be taken as 3 and 2.

  Assuming that the priority at the time of return is set by this method, what kind of properties appear for the reduction priorities of types 1 to 4 will be described below.

In the type 1 priority, Q _i = N and Q _i ′ = N, and the priority at the time of restoration is the same as the priority at the time of reduction.

  In the type 2 priority, the reciprocal sum of the priorities at the time of reduction is less than “1”, and therefore the reciprocal sum of the priorities at the time of return is greater than “1”. That is, the effective system sensitivity at the time of return is less than “1”. Actually, this state is not preferable in comparison with the case where the system sensitivity assumed on the alert element side is excessive, and the reciprocal priority sum at the time of reduction and the reciprocal priority sum at the time of return are not 2 / N, Some ideas are required, such as 3 / (2N) or 1 / N. In the method of setting the priority at the time of return described above, the reciprocal priority sum at the time of return is less than “1”, the effective system sensitivity is set higher than “1”, and the robustness is improved.

  In the type 3 priority, the reciprocal sum of the priority at the time of return is “1”, and the normalization condition is automatically satisfied.

  In the case of type 4 priority, as in the case of type 2 priority, the effective system sensitivity in the recovery process is lower than “1”, which is not preferable. The reciprocal priority sum at the time of reduction and the reciprocal priority sum at the time of recovery are calculated. Instead of 2 / N, contrivance is required such as 3 / (2N) or 1 / N. Similarly, in the priority setting method at the time of return described above, the reciprocal priority sum at the time of return is less than “1”, and the effective system sensitivity is set higher than “1” to improve the robustness.

  In this way, the second method is advantageous from the viewpoint of setting the priority at return with an emphasis on performance, but the priority setting at the time of reduction in types 2 and 4 is advantageous. By aiming at improvement of robustness, the robustness is lowered in setting the priority at the time of return, and thus a device is necessary for application. There is an appropriate range in the priority setting range at the time of return, and this point needs to be taken into consideration for application.

  As described above, when the priority is not dynamically changed as in types 1 and 3, the return operation is also static. However, what is actually expected is a dynamic operation method such as types 2 and 4, and the method described here should be used effectively.

Designation of sub-constraint conditions In the explanation so far, the main constraint condition is that the sum of the power consumed by the power consumption elements included in the group is the designated power condition (equation (1)). An optimization method was considered. However, this control method can be further expanded and applied to optimization in the case where a sub-constraint is imposed. The original constraint represented by the above equation (1) is -0th order, the sub-constraints are -1st order, -2nd order,... -Mth order. Consider optimization.

However,
as well as
(39)
From the first equation of the above equation (39), e ₀ ^T f−P ₀ = 0 can be called a main constraint condition, and e _i ^T f−P _i = 0 can be called a sub constraint condition.

In the above equation (39), e ₀ ^T is an nth-order unit row vector (T is a transposed symbol), e ₁ ^{T to} e _m ^T are integration (row) vectors corresponding to the respective sub-constraints, and λ _{0 to} λ _m are Lagrange's undetermined multipliers, P ₀ is a constraint value for the total power consumption in the group (corresponding to P _t in the above equation (1)), and P _{1 to} P _m are sub-constraints. Is a constraint value for the integrated power consumption corresponding to. Similarly to the above equation (2), the current power consumption consumed by each power consumption element in the group is f ^* ₁ , f ^* ₂ ,... F ^* _n, and a vector in which these are vertically arranged is f ^*. It was. Other variables are defined in the same manner as the above formulas (1) to (3).

In the expansion evaluation function of the above equation (39), the optimal solution of f _i is obtained from the condition that the partial differential value of the expansion evaluation function by f _{1 to} f _n and λ _{0 to} λ _m becomes zero. If the optimal solution is expressed in vector notation, the following equation (40) is obtained.
However,

(40)

Therefore, just as under the main constraint, a solution that imposes this sub-constraint can be obtained by a combination of broadcast transmission and processing in each power consumption element. The ideal effective subsystem sensitivity S _i (i = 1, 2,... M) is determined by the integration vectors e _i and Q as described above, but the broadcast transmission element determines the sub-constraint integration power consumption adjustment instruction value. The subsystem sensitivity used for this purpose can be approximately “N / (number of non-zero components of e _i )”.

In an example of power control according to the present invention, the broadcast transmission element measures or determines an amount corresponding to e _i ^T f ^* −P _i for _i = 1 to m (m = 1 may be satisfied) so that m A sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value is determined, and m pieces of sub-constraint information representing the sub-constraint power consumption adjustment instruction value are added to the information representing the total power consumption adjustment instruction value already described, and the broadcast transmission element (the system has a hierarchical structure). If the system has a hierarchical structure, it is further broadcasted within a group (a lower hierarchical group, the same applies hereinafter). Each power consumption element included in the group receives the above information and m pieces of sub-constraint information, and is given a total power consumption adjustment instruction value and m sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction values. And (lower hierarchy) priority, and according to the above equation (40) (in the equation for determining f, S ₀ ΔP ₀ , ΔP _i are the received total power consumption adjustment instruction value, sub-constrained integrated power consumption, respectively. Calculate by replacing with the adjustment instruction value.) Update control of own power consumption. However, it is assumed that the secondary system sensitivity S _i or its approximate value “N / (number of non-zero components of e _i )” is stored in advance in the power consumption element subject to the secondary constraint. Control of the power consumption corresponding to the sub-constraint information is performed only by the power consumption element that is the target of each sub-constraint.

In the above equation, if the orthogonality of the integration vector in the sub-constraint condition is broken, the control performance is affected. The amount is given by the following equation (41).
(41)
The impact on the main constraints can be negligible.

The integrated error ΔP _i with the power constraint value specified by the sub-constraint condition is different from the error ΔP ₀ between the total power constraint value specified by the main constraint condition and the current power consumption easily. In many cases, it is not measured directly by the information transmission element. Therefore, in practice, it is a realistic method to set in association with the main constraints as ΔP _i = γ _i × ΔP ₀ (if ΔP ₀ <0, γ _i = 0). According to this, the optimization with this sub-constraint ends as soon as the main constraint is satisfied. In the main constraint, the integration target is the total power consumption element, but in the sub-constraint, the mode to which it belongs must be recognized in each power consumption element in order to correspond to the integration vector e _i in advance. For example, when e ₁ ^T = (1, 0, −1), the first sub-constraint targets are the first and third power consumption elements, and these elements are themselves in the first sub-constraint mode. Recognizing that it belongs, for example, by storing it in a memory. This is determined when the device is installed in the domain, and it is assumed that it is stored in each element.

In this case, a typical alert element should be transmitted by broadcasting the main restriction mode “0” and the total power consumption adjustment instruction value obtained by multiplying the power ΔP ₀ to be adjusted by the system sensitivity. “I” and the sub-constrained integrated power consumption adjustment value given as the sub-constrained integrated power consumption ΔP _i to be adjusted are continuously broadcast for i of 1 to m.
For example, 0, ΔP ₀ × (system sensitivity),..., I, ΔP _i ,.
In this way, broadcast transmission is also performed including sub-constraint conditions.

In each power consumption element, in addition to dealing with the main constraint condition, the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value ΔP _i is multiplied by the sub-system sensitivity, and this is divided by the reduction or return priority of each element to each element. Calculate the imposed power allocation. Unlike S ₀ , S _i does not have a value close to “1” depending on the sub-constraint mode, and must be stored in advance for each individual.

Specific example of control by sub-constraint A specific example of control by sub-constraint will be described by dividing it into ideal optimal control and actual control.

(Optimum control)
It is assumed that the number N of power consumption elements in the group is 3, and the priority Q _jj of all elements is 3. At this time, Q in the above equation (39) is a diagonal matrix having a diagonal component of 3 and a non-diagonal component of zero. If there is only one sub-constraint condition and the integrated row vector e ₁ ^T = (1, 0, −1), it is the second expression (Q ⁻¹ e ₀ ) ^T e _{1 in the} above expression (39). The orthogonal relationship of = 0 is satisfied. The sub-constraint condition is expressed as e ₁ ^T f−P ₁ = 0, that is, f ₁ −f ₃ = P ₁ from the first expression of the above expression (39). This has the physical meaning of maintaining the difference between the power consumption of the first power consumption element and the power consumption of the third power consumption element at P _1. For example, the power consumption of the LED lighting at the window side and the corridor side. This corresponds to the case where a difference is made. In addition to this example, various sub-constraints can be imposed according to the selection of the integrated row vector as conceptually shown in FIG.

The optimum solution is determined as shown in the following equation (42) by substituting a specific value into the above equation (40).


(42)

(Actual control)
In actual control, since the broadcast transmission element does not have an accurate value (effective system sensitivity) for S ₀ in the above equation (40), the system sensitivity is set to 1, for example. Furthermore, since ΔP ₁ = (f ₁ ^* −f ₃ ^* ) − P ₁ is not necessarily directly measured by the broadcast transmission element, the total power consumption adjustment is made after determining ΔP ₁ = γ ₁ × ΔP ₀ or the like. Information representing instruction value ΔP ₀ × 1 and sub-constraint information representing sub-constrained integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value γ ₁ × ΔP ₀ are broadcast. The power consumption elements that have received them update their power consumption according to the above equation (40) by multiplying them by the reciprocal of their own priority or the subsystem sensitivity, as already described. Therefore, control is performed not to the power consumption of the above formula (42) but to the power consumption of the following formula (43).


(43)

For example, in a domain composed of lighting devices, in addition to the overall power constraint, it is possible to perform control by introducing a sub constraint on power consumption between areas. This can be applied to the case where a difference sub-constraint between grids is given in addition to the overall power management in a domain constituted by smart grids. As an example, as conceptually shown in FIG. 13, it is possible to darken the illumination at the window and make it brighter on the corridor side (e ₁₁ ), or alternately provide dark areas and bright areas (e ₂₁ and e ₂₂ ).

  Next, the circuit configuration of the broadcast transmission element and the power consumption element in the power consumption allocation according to the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a circuit configuration of the broadcast transmission element. In one example, the broadcast transmission element is configured as a smart meter connected to a switchboard, and is connected to a power supply port (outlet) or has a built-in battery. The broadcast transmission element is a communication system for performing broadcast transmission and receiving priority from the power consumption element, communication system I / F (interface), and power for measuring the total power consumption in the group Meter, detector I / F, total power consumption adjustment instruction value and sub-constrained integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value determination, information representing these, generation of sub-constraint information, estimation of system health, etc. It is composed of a judgment / implementation circuit responsible for general information processing, a power supply system for supplying power to these, and the like. You may further provide the display for displaying arbitrary information, such as the current total power consumption, and the user I / F for inputting user's upper hierarchy priority etc., for example. The rated power consumption of each device is stored in, for example, a storage circuit in the communication system I / F or a separate in-module memory (not shown).

  FIG. 8 shows a schematic configuration of an inverter-equipped module for operating an electric device as a power consuming element in the power consumption allocation of the present invention. The module is a communication system (such as an antenna for wireless communication, a modem for power line communication, etc.) for receiving the above information and sub-constraint information from the broadcast transmission element and transmitting priority if necessary. ), Communication system I / F (communication circuit for general communication processing, including signal encoding, decoding, etc.), galvanometer for measuring the power consumption of equipment (for example, consumption if the priority is a fixed value) It also includes a circuit for power measurement and a galvanometer, and a detector I / F (a power consumption measurement value is converted into a digital signal and transmitted to a communication system I / F). If the power measurement is unnecessary, the detector I / F is also unnecessary.) The judgment / implementation system that performs information processing in general for updating its own power consumption as described above using the information received from the broadcast transmission element In response to a command from the circuit and judgment / implementation circuit, And a power supply system or the like for supplying electric power breaker for controlling the power consumption by cutting off intermittently, and these. The rated power consumption, priority, sub-system sensitivity, and the like are stored in, for example, a storage circuit in the communication system I / F or a separate in-module memory (not shown). By providing such a module between the power supply port (outlet) and the electric device, the electric device can be operated as a client in power consumption allocation. When the power consuming element is configured as a mobile body, the module and the battery may be built in the electric device. Also, a user I / F may be provided to change the priority of power consumption elements.

  FIG. 9 shows a schematic configuration of an inverter control type module that is typically built in an electric device such as an air conditioner for operating the electric device as a power consuming element in the power consumption allocation of the present invention. Unlike the circuit configuration of FIG. 8, in order to supply a control signal to an inverter controller included in a device such as a duty-off pulse accumulator / subtractor and a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) modulator instead of the circuit breaker. A circuit is provided. For example, when a PWM modulator is used, the duty is regulated by modulating the ON pulse for applying torque to the motor, which is input to the inverter controller in the device, by the modulation pulse from the PWM modulator. Power consumption can be adjusted. In the example of FIG. 9, the modulation pulse is inverted and then the logical product with the ON pulse that is the original drive signal of the air conditioner is taken to change the width of the ON pulse, thereby modulating the motor, etc. Any circuit that can adjust the rate may be used.

Information transmission capability control system and method The series of measures for power consumption control described so far can be applied as they are even if information transmission capability is used as a resource instead of power, and power consumption is occupied as information transmission capability. Is possible. When a transmitter tries to transmit information, a transmission speed, that is, a resource that is an information transmission capability, is limited by factors such as transmitter output, propagation distance, and antenna efficiency of transmission and reception. Each subsystem or measuring device in the domain to which information is to be delivered must use its information transmission capability at a certain ratio, but multiple subsystems or measurement devices (member elements) have partial transmission capability. Requesting occupancy may deviate from the domain information transmission capability as a resource. In each member element, it is conceivable to change the priority dynamically, but even in such a case, it is necessary to perform optimal resource allocation in consideration of the priority of each member element. According to this measure, in the broadcast transmission element, the total information transmission capability is measured in the domain, and the information generated using the system sensitivity of the domain based on the difference from the total rated capability (reference value) By combining the function of transmitting by broadcast and the function of performing the calculation using the priority in each member element, an optimal solution can be obtained while satisfying the resource constraints. A software breaker can also be introduced for information transmission capability.

  An example of such an information transmission capability control system is shown in FIG. The system includes a communication server (broadcast transmission element) and one or more client machines (information transmission elements) individually given priority. The communication server measures the current value of the total communication speed (total information transmission capability) occupied in a group including one or more client machines, for example, by executing a communication speed detection application on the communication server. Measure the difference between the value and the reference value (total value of the reference communication speed defined for each client machine), multiply the difference by the system sensitivity, etc. to determine the total information transmission capability adjustment instruction value, Information to be shared within the group representing this is generated and broadcasted within the group.

  Each client machine receives the broadcast information, and uses the priority given to itself and the total information transmission capacity adjustment instruction value (the total information transmission capacity adjustment instruction value described so far). It may be an operation such as multiplication of the reciprocal of its own priority.) The information transmission capability update value to be used for updating its own communication speed (information transmission capability) is independent from client machines and communication servers other than its own. Decrease the communication speed by the information transmission capability update value (for example, change the communication speed setting by executing the communication application on each client machine). By controlling the ability, the total information transmission ability within the group is controlled.

(Detailed description of the present invention)
Hereinafter, the additional invention will be described in detail. The formula numbers will be reassigned later.

  In the present invention, as means for exerting the control function in the non-DC region, (A) “stability analysis and stabilization means of the control system in the non-DC region” is described for continuous systems and discrete systems, and (B ) "Two means of providing a predictive control for the instantaneous power and the amount of power that is the power integral value in a certain section and defining the control target in the non-DC range" are provided.

For this purpose, first, the problem dealt with in the present invention is analyzed by a new method.
In other words, a control system that allocates power, which is a resource considering the priority, from the configuration on the control system, forms that perform server / client communication, and independent distributed parallel processing on each individual that is a broadcast transmission and power consumption element The form performed in the above is clearly identified from the description in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-153348 and analyzed again. Thereafter, by describing the phase fluctuation in the system using a dynamic compensator, the characteristics of the system in the non-DC region are analyzed, and a means for solving the problem is provided.

(A) “Control system stability analysis and stabilization means in non-DC range”.

(A-1) “New description of control system”
(Dynamic model of independent distributed processing in each individual)
The model of power control on each individual side is a first-order lag system that realizes specified power consumption Pi *, and its block diagram is written as shown in FIG.
(Fig. 15 Power control model for each individual)

The closed-loop transfer function is
(Fig. 16 Transfer function of each individual)
It is written.

On the other hand, if the adjustment power with the designated power is described as Δ, the expression of the power control system is (FIG. 17 Control model for power consumption of each individual with respect to adjustment amount)
It is.

A control system for controlling current power consumption Pi to Pi + Δ is expressed as above. In fact, it can be confirmed that the transfer characteristic from Δ to Pi corresponds to the integration of the fluctuation request Δ.
(Fig. 18 Integration in each individual)

(A-2) “Determination method by centralized feedback gain processing by server”
(Feedback gain determination method using two-way communication between server and client)
In a power system consisting of a large number of individuals, keeping the total power in the domain constant results in determining the feedback gain vector for dividing and allocating the total power error, which is a scalar quantity, to the total number of individuals. it can.

  Mathematically, the feedback gain can be calculated from a pole placement problem that determines the responsiveness of the entire control system, or a system control theory that minimizes the evaluation function. In the latter case, the operating status of individuals in the domain and environmental information where the individuals are placed such as temperature, illuminance, number of people, etc. are collected from the individual positions where they are obtained, and the weight of the evaluation function, that is, It is common to define priorities and calculate appropriate feedback gain vectors.

For this purpose, the server that calculates the same gain vector needs to perform two-way communication with individuals in the domain. This increases the number of individuals and complicates system construction, and slows down processing. It was the cause to make it.
(Figure 19: Determination of feedback gain by server / client method)

(A-3) “Determination of feedback gain by broadcast transmission and independent distributed parallel processing”
(Determination method of feedback gain by broadcast transmission and independent distributed parallel processing)

  The driving status of the individuals in the domain and the environmental information where the individuals are placed, such as temperature, illuminance, and the number of seated persons, are information that is originally measured and acquired at each individual position. In the invented technique, it is possible to avoid collecting priority levels in the entire domain, and to determine a vector as a feedback gain independently in parallel for each individual. This method has a feature in the method of calculating the priority in each individual, and has an advantage that the total value is appropriately standardized without performing the totalization in the domain.

Therefore, it is no longer necessary for the server to perform two-way communication with individuals in the domain, and the system broadcasts error information on the total power within the domain and uses the priority set for each individual. Thus, the process can be advanced by calculating the deviation power amount that each individual should share. As provided by Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-153348, the key is built in a mechanism that sets the priority independently for each individual, but standardizes the characteristic priority of the entire system summing them up. In the point.
(Fig. 20 Determination method of feedback gain by broadcast communication and independent parallel method (continuous system))

(A-4) "Stability of control system (continuous system)"
(Stability of continuous system)
The characteristic equation for the entire domain is
(1)
In particular, when the power control mechanism can be identified,
(2)
Therefore, in the continuous system, asymptotic stability is automatically ensured regardless of the priority setting if there is no delay system.

(A-5) "Control system stability (discrete system)"

For discrete systems, the stability condition is
(3)
It is.
(Fig. 21 Determination method of feedback gain by broadcast communication and independent parallel method (discrete system))

(Stability of discrete systems)
From the block diagram in the discrete system, the characteristic equation of the whole system is
(4)
It becomes. By rewriting, the following equation is obtained,
(5)
As stability conditions, the following is obtained.
(6)

(A-6) “Lower limit value of characteristic priority giving stability and convergence time constant of control system”
(Lower characteristic priority that guarantees stability)
In particular, when the system sensitivity is “1”, the stability condition is
(7)
If you write Q * as the "characteristic priority" of the whole system on the left side,
(8)
Stable conditions are obtained.

  In particular, when Q * = 1, convergence is achieved next time, that is, the “time constant”, which is an index representing the time required for convergence described here, is relatively “1” relative to one sample interval. "Means.

(Convergence time constant made dimensionless at equivalent intervals)
Actually, as a stability condition, there is a lower limit value for the characteristic priority Q * value, but at the same time, its reciprocal means a convergence time constant.
(9)
Than,
(10)
Since the convergence time constant τ * of the entire system can be approximated with respect to the reference sample interval τ,
(11)
It can be seen that a dimensionless time constant is given.

(A-7) “Description of phase variation mechanism in control system”
(Stability when there is a delay associated with each individual or broadcast information development)
There are two main factors that cause delays in the system.

(Delay in each individual)
(1) On the individual side, as in the case of inverter control, power consumption is not actually measured, and power consumption may be converted from the duty of the command values of PWM and PAM (almost equivalent). . Since this is a command value, depending on how the logic is created, control is performed based on the most recent (delayed) command value issued at the time of broadcast. In that case, it is equivalent to the presence of a response delay determined by the individual. In fact, response delays in high-order systems and simple measurement delays need to be distinguished. It will be described later.

  This delay will not occur if each device correctly refers to the power consumption of each individual based on the duty at the time of close proximity to the power consumption in the domain broadcast at a certain time. However, when the instantaneous value of the power consumption can only be measured within the minor loop, this delay is often unavoidable.

(Broadcast delay)
(2) Delay that occurs in common to all individuals in the domain. Measure the total power consumption, from the sensing module to the media converter (broadcast device), and the broadcast time specific to the media from the media converter to the individual (infrared PPM transmission delay, high hop count in Zigbee (registered trademark)) Etc.) is a common delay factor. However, although it depends on the number of hops in the communication media, it usually falls within one interval.

(Uncertainty of response model on each individual side)
In terms of expression, it can be shown as a measurement time delay of power consumption measured in each individual. (To be exact, it depends on the mechanism of device delay. See below.)
In general, it can be described that the transfer function is a result of means having F (s), which is a mechanism having some dynamic characteristics.

The delay in the broadcast is usually not possible or very small unless there is a serious problem.
Compared to the interval, the media hop is usually fast enough. The communication delay is unlikely to become obvious. However, this discussion should be taken as a warning for the software flaws that can easily fall into it, as it can inevitably result in waiting for one interval in software construction. As will be described later, it is possible to respond positively.

For each individual, for example, when measuring instantaneous power by current measurement, there is almost no problem, but when power measurement is converted by instructions to PWM and PAM, that is, dynamic characteristics at local minor loop If not taken into account, this error or misunderstanding is likely to occur.
The present invention provides a solution for how to deal with a delay when it is introduced by mistake or has been introduced.

(A-8) “Basic measures for system stabilization”
Stabilization includes "reduction of system sensitivity governing the loop transfer gain of the entire control system", "round transfer path and phase compensation on each individual", and "incorporation of phase variation model in each individual" There are three means of "dynamic compensation method". For this purpose, as will be described later, the class (class value), which is an index representing the responsiveness and internal delay of each individual, is measured in advance by the time of shipment from the factory and is displayed. It is desirable to use it for adjustment when building a control system in a house or office.

(Reduce system sensitivity)
The easiest and most reliable is a reduction in system sensitivity. This is a method of increasing the characteristic priority and equivalently increasing the response time constant, and sacrificing the response speed. In addition to directly controlling the system sensitivity, the controller, which is a broadcast transmitter, can stabilize the system by intentionally setting a high requirement for the “number of individuals in the domain”. it can.

(Measurement and display of responsiveness (Class class) of each individual device, and adjustment in mounting system)
In each individual, it is recommended to measure the power consumption before entering the mounting stage, and the means for adjustment should be embedded in advance. The obtained response characteristics on the device side are measured and displayed in advance as “Class value” at the time of shipment from the factory. At the system setting stage, the delay information of the entire system is added to the broadcast content based on the Class value. In the device-side processing, as will be described later, it is possible to suppress the delay and stabilize by performing a positive compensation operation.
(Fig. 22 Presence of phase fluctuation elements such as delay in each individual (continuous system))

(A-9) “System stability in non-DC range with phase variation factor”
(Evaluation of stability)
The characteristic equation of the entire domain is affected by the delayed dynamic characteristics.
(12)
Especially when the power control mechanism and delay dynamics can be identified,
(13)
When the delay system F (s) is approximated by a first-order delay system, the characteristic equation is
(14)
Can be approximated.

(Impact on stability)
As a result, the characteristic equation becomes a quadratic system, and the presence of τ 2 causes vibration, and the presence of the delay system affects the stability of the entire control system.

(A-10) “Reduce system sensitivity”
(Lower sensitivity)
(1) For stabilization, it is effective to reduce the system sensitivity or its equivalent, and equally increase the characteristic priority.
(15)
That is, it is an effective condition to make the reciprocal 1 / Q * value of the characteristic priority small. When there is no delay system, when the system is composed of discrete systems, the above equation is “2” or less is the stability limit, and “1” or less gives asymptotic convergence. Yes. When there is a delay system, it shows a vibration aspect as shown by the characteristic equation.

In this method, the countermeasure is performed by the broadcast device. There is no effect on processing on each individual.
One strategy is to manipulate the broadcast system sensitivity or set population. This stabilization corresponds to performing a setting that intentionally expands the total number of individuals in the domain or the power adjustable amount in the domain. As a result, the characteristic priority Q * value increases and the response time constant of the system decreases.

(A-11) "Compensation of phase on a round transfer path and each individual"
(Installation and solution of dynamic compensator)
(2) As another means, there is a method of providing a dynamic phase compensator for measuring the total power or processing on the device side.
In this method, the phase compensator C (s) is constructed by hardware or software in the broadcast apparatus, or is constructed by software in the process of updating the allocated power on the device side, and depending on the amount of delay, the phase advance And manipulate the delay.
(Fig. 23 Phase compensation method in broadcast path (continuous system))

(A-12) "Dynamic compensation method by incorporating a phase variation model in each individual"
(Incorporation of phase variation model into processing logic in each individual. Retroactive control)
(3) The destabilizing factor is the power consumption information at the time when the power consumption information for each individual is referred to / measured in each individual, which is included in the broadcasted information on the total power consumption. Due to different acquisition times. That is, the phase shift causes instability.
Therefore, in the power control of each individual, the information acquisition time can be “matched” by “going back to the past” the value of the power consumption that is referred to be corrected every moment. This contributes to stabilization. On each individual, a function that can store and save the power consumption that has been referred to and measured in the past is used.
This is dealt with by processing on each individual. There is no impact on the functionality of the broadcast device.
(Figure 24: Model-embedded phase compensation method for each individual (continuous system))

(Extension of stability analysis (continuous system))
In fact, as shown in this block diagram, this correspondence is equivalent to taking in a dynamic characteristic causing a delay into a closed loop of power tracking.
The true purpose of this method is to make the measurement time of the instantaneous power consumption that is fed back and referred to in order to make the generation time of information measured in the whole domain follow the power command value on each individual It is in. In particular, when the cause of the delay occurs by estimating from the command operation to the equipment so that it is converted from the duty ratio on the individual, the countermeasure here is more than going back to the past. Including the installation of means such as an active circuit for measuring power consumption above.

The delay system F (s) is approximated by a first-order delay system. The characteristic equation for the entire domain is
(16)
When a is sufficiently large, that is, when the power follow-up to the command value is high, approximately
(17)
And then
(18)
It becomes. The characteristic equation becomes a first-order system, and the influence of τ on the stability can be eliminated. The response is approximately asymptotically stable regardless of the magnitude of τ 1, and robust stabilization is achieved. However, the response speed is governed by the delay time in the delay system.

(Stabilization by internal model)
This countermeasure is equivalent to the control system model shown in the following figure. In the present invention, this is called a robust stabilization method based on an internal embedded model.
(Fig. 25 Equivalent structure of model built-in phase compensation method for each individual (continuous system))

(A-13) "Response characteristics and delay index Class (class value) in each individual-measurement and display"

The transient response including each individual's dynamics and its response (output) delay is described below.
(19)
In the Z-transformed domain, its transfer characteristics are written below.
(20)
Note that the two effects of delay and output delay due to higher dynamics are completely different in character. The delay caused by the higher order dynamics represented by m ′ simultaneously reduces the response gain, while the output delay represented by m 1 does not cause a gain reduction, but only a phase delay. Attracts and greatly affects system stability.
The following figure shows an example of response in a system with m '= 4 and m = 4.
(Fig. 26 Measurement of transmission model of each individual and Class value (discrete system))

(Measurement of class value and class value)
The effect of m ′ can be estimated by actually measuring the amplitude because the output amplitude of the normal integration process of m ′ = 1 is multiplied by “1 / m ′”.
On the other hand, the phase shift after one cycle particularly when a periodic input is added shifts by the “(m ′ + m)” interval, and therefore m can be estimated as a result by referring to the former result.
Normally, the (m, m ') value can change depending on the "interval time" and the "amplitude power of the test input". Therefore, when grasping the device characteristics, the device performance is evaluated using both parameters as parameters. It is necessary to keep. They play an extremely important role in the process of adjusting the stability of a system composed of a large number of devices with different response characteristics, taking into account the delay characteristics of broadcast to the domain.

(Class value display)
By performing the following “Class (m, m ′) display” on the device, a stable system setting can be performed.
(Fig. 27 Display example of class value of each individual with respect to interval and power amplitude)

(A-14) “Utilization of Class (class value) for stabilization”
This Class value is defined as “adjustment function that corrects variation in priority definition by roughly aligning different convergence time constants for each individual” and “characteristic priority necessary to guarantee the stability of the entire control system”. It is used by the “correction function to multiply the degree”.

(Class value adjustment (Adjuster) function on the device side)

  The m value has a major impact on system stability. Also, the difference in the Class value m indicates a difference in responsiveness between devices. When different individuals (devices) are mixed, the modification function that takes advantage of the individual characteristics of the priority originally intended is provided. It may happen that it is not reflected correctly. This can be corrected by the Class value.

Although it is inherently not desirable to increase the delay, it is difficult to speed up the response, and it is difficult to make the Class m values of major devices uniform in the system, so that the system operation meets the intended purpose. Has the effect of

(Adjuster function)
It is recommended that each device is optionally equipped with an adjuster function that corrects the Class m value. For example, in each individual, it is effective to change the delay characteristic of the individual to 2 to 4 times.
Once the Class values are aligned, the broadcast delay is common, and there is an advantage that 1) correction of the lower limit value of the characteristic priority and 2) the retroactive control function on the device side can be shared.
(Fig. 28 Domain-wide uncertainty model based on Class (discrete system))

(Extension of stability analysis (discrete system))
(Stable conditions required for system stability and characteristic priority)

The characteristic equation of the entire system is expressed by using l (el) as the number of delay intervals in the broadcast system.
(21)
It is written.

System stability is largely dominated by phase lag.
The overall delay, “(l (el)) + mi)”, is the characteristic delay of the entire system using the maximum value of mi, and is described as “l (el)” as a representative. Also, the order (m′i) representing the dynamics portion is described again as “m” to analyze the stability of the system.

If the characteristic priority of the system is represented by Q and the system sensitivity is “1”, the analysis can be reduced to handling the following single equivalent individuals considering the maximum delay.
(22)
The characteristic equation of the whole system is
(23)
The stability condition is that the solution of the above equation stays in the unit circle.
(24)
It is necessary for stability that the region resulting from mapping the unit circle contains a negative real number (-1 / Q). If the boundary of the mapped region is z = exp [ωj], the intersection with the real axis is
(25)
It arises from the solution of The value on the real axis of the intersection is, and the characteristic priority Q of the system has a lower limit for stability, which is
(26)
It is. In a special case, when l (el) = 0, 1/2 <Q is a stable condition regardless of m 1.

  The feature is that when there is no information delay in broadcast transmission, stability is guaranteed regardless of the delay of individual dynamics.

The lower limit value for stabilizing the characteristic priority is as follows. (Where l (el) = l (el) + m. M = m '.)
(FIG. 29 Lower limit value of characteristic priority for stability based on Class)

(Stability limit)
An increase in the order m that leads to a decrease in gain as a device dynamics results in a decrease in loop gain, so that the lower limit value of the characteristic priority is lowered and the stability range is expanded. However, it is very important to identify whether the delay is due to dynamics or the output delay. In the latter case, as shown in the column of m = 1 in the above equation, there is a great influence on the adjustment of ensuring stability. .
As the characteristic priority, since the response vibrates with the numerical values in the above table, it is recommended to take a value of 2 times or more.

(Improvement based on stability class value)
To stabilize the system, set the total number of individuals (devices) in the domain with the reciprocal sum of priorities normalized to “1” in the domain. It is necessary to correct by multiplying the following numbers by the number of all individuals (devices) corresponding to the Class value measured and displayed in advance with the power adjustment range (both amplitude values during Class test) close to the usage conditions of There is. (Where l (el) = l (el) + m. M = m '.)
(Figure 30: Number to be multiplied by domain individual value required for stabilization based on Class)

  It should be noted that the system typical transmission delay time, l (L), used here, is the sum of both “output delay at device” and “broadcast system delay”.

It is not the dynamic side order of each individual that dominates the stability, but the representative information transmission delay time, and conservatively, the lower limit value described in the m = 1 column should be referred to. If the Class value is acquired correctly at the time of shipment, the number N of each individual (device) in the domain is set to “twice or more of the table value in order to secure the characteristic priority of twice or more of each value of the table. Should be replaced with the number of virtual total individuals (devices) for stabilization, multiplied by the number "".
As described above, the former needs to be measured and displayed when the device is shipped from the factory. The latter may be due to delays that are difficult to notice. Factors resulting from the transmission time itself include the time required for infrared communication and the delay associated with multi hop.

  The control interval is often determined by a broadcast interval. (Rarely, this is not the case when thinning-out reception is performed.) Increasing the interval itself does not lead to instability of control. This is because the above-described lower limit value of the characteristic priority is made dimensionless. It should be noted that an increase in characteristic priority means that the response time constant of the entire system is multiplied by the characteristic priority of the control interval as described above. That is, even if the broadcast interval is shortened below, if the characteristic delay time appears, the response time constant of the system reaches several times to several tens of times the interval.

Usually, the transmission time delay is overwhelmingly shorter than the broadcast interval and does not cause a problem. However, when broadcasting is performed using a HEMS display server or the like, special attention is required as to when the information to be broadcast is the information. This is because if the interval is every 30 minutes, the transmission time can be ignored, but if the broadcasted information is information 30 minutes ago, there will be one interval of characteristic transmission delay, Since the characteristic priority is doubled from the previous table, that is, the number of equivalent virtual devices is doubled, the response time constant of the control system is as long as one hour.

As a special case, when l (el) is sufficiently small compared to m / 2,
(27)
Is obtained as a stable condition.

(A-15) "Dynamic compensation method by incorporating a phase variation model in each individual"
(Stabilization method by aggressive introduction of delay or output characteristics to each individual treatment)

For simplicity, consider a system consisting of only one individual. In the following, F (s) is, for example, a transmission delay, but in general, it may be a dynamic element that manipulates and modifies arbitrary output information. They may be elements that give PID-like output.
(FIG. 31 Model-based phase compensation method (discrete system) in each individual based on Class 31)

(Incorporation of phase fluctuation factors into the processing model of each device and stability)
The characteristic equation indicating the stability of the system is
(28)
It is written. When deformed
(29)
further,
(30)

The mapping destination of the unit circle in the z domain can be enclosed in the mapping destination according to the first term on the left side. In special cases, the delay order of the broadcast system is l
(31)
For the transmission delay of
(32)
It becomes. Since the first term maps the unit circle onto the unit circle, the condition to the lower limit of the characteristic priority for ensuring stability can be restored when there is no transmission delay, shortening the response time constant and speeding up. Leads to. That is, (St / Q) <2 is a stable condition.

Although the time constant is shortened, it is necessary to note that it takes time until a high-speed response is exhibited because the delay information stored on the device side is extracted.
(Fig.32 Model-embedded phase compensation method for each individual (discrete system))

  The compensation method in the processing on the device side cannot process in common when the dynamic characteristics are different for each device or the output delay is different. This is not to improve.

  However, it is also effective to improve the stability of the entire system by dealing with devices with low priority, that is, devices with high influence, especially in individual devices.

  In a system consisting of at least m '= 1 devices (which is very common), the participating devices must provide this compensation internally for a delay l common to all systems. Is effective. In order to perform this processing, l (L) is transmitted as a common parameter from the broadcast transmission device side, and this is executed on the device side that has received it.

(A-16) “Implementation regarding stability evaluation and stabilization, numerical simulation example”
Here are some numerical examples.

  Assuming a domain with 6 individuals, the power consumption of each individual is initially set as follows.

Here, it is assumed that the priority in each individual is determined as follows in each individual.
(Figure 33 Example of domain consisting of 6 individuals Power unit (W))

  In this example, 4000 W is assumed as the restriction value of the total power in the entire domain. That is, in the initial stage, a power reduction of 200 W is required.

  The system sensitivity shared in the domain starts here as “1”.

(Fig. 34)
The total sum of the reciprocal of priority is about 1.4 (characteristic priority is 0.7), and even if the system sensitivity is “1”, stability is ensured. Since it exceeds, the response is an example exhibiting vibration, and it is easy to be unstable.
When there is no delay at all, the transient response is good and the control is complete after 4-5 seconds, although there is some overshoot.
(Fig. 34 Basic response of the system without delay (characteristic priority = 0.7))

  Decreasing the system sensitivity has the effect of keeping the vector locus within the unit circle in the control of the entire domain, and has the effect of promoting stabilization. The same thing corresponds to increasing the number of individuals in the domain or the power adjustment amount in the domain to increase the priority in each individual.

(Fig. 35)
The following figure shows an example of the response when there is no delay system when the system sensitivity is 0.3. Although it is stable without overshoot, it takes 8-9 seconds to achieve control.
(Fig. 35 Basic response of the system without delay (characteristic priority = 3.3))

(Fig. 36)
The system sensitivity is returned to “1” again.
The following figure shows an example when there is a time delay in broadcasting to the domain. Although it is described as a delay in the broadcast, in actuality, it corresponds to the case where the measured value of instantaneous power consumption used for control to follow the power command value is delayed by one interval in all individuals. Yes. The effect of one interval delay is significant.

In this example, the influence of the delay is equivalently high in the follow-up controllability of each individual. Actually, the power consumption consumed by each individual does not diverge because there is an upper limit, but the control is actually broken.
(Fig. 36 Basic response of the system when there is a delay of 1 interval in the broadcast system (characteristic priority = 0.7))

As mentioned above, the most direct and simple workaround is to reduce system sensitivity.
As described above, the equivalent stability limit at the time of this one-interval delay is “1.0” or less (or more than “1.0” in terms of its reciprocal) in terms of the sum of reciprocal priorities. The stability limit when adjusting with the system sensitivity is realized by “0.7” times.
(The characteristic priority corresponding to the stability limit is “1.0”, and the system sensitivity for realizing it is “0.7”.)

(Figs. 37 and 38)
In the following figure, the response with the system sensitivity of “0.7” is shown. As theoretically, it can be seen that “0.7” corresponds to the stability limit.
As an extreme example, even when the broadcast delay is “4”, an example in which the above-mentioned stability limit can be realized in theory is also given.
(Fig. 37 Basic response of the system when the broadcast system has a delay of 1 interval (characteristic priority = 1.0) Example of stability limit)
(Figure 38 Basic response of the system when the broadcast system has a delay of 4 intervals (Characteristic priority = 2.9) Example of stability limit)

(Fig. 39, 40)
Examples of responses when "0.5" and "0.3" are given.

Each has a great effect on stabilization, but when the system sensitivity is set to 0.3, the control gives the desired response in the case where the characteristic priority is further doubled as required above. Show. However, it takes about 13 seconds to complete the control.
(Fig.39 Basic response of the system when there is a 4-interval delay in the broadcast system (characteristic priority = 5.8))
(Fig. 40 Basic response of the system when there is a 4-interval delay in the broadcast system (characteristic priority = 9.7))

(Fig. 41)
A response example in which a phase compensator is introduced in a loop that feeds back the total electric energy is shown.
The change in the total electric energy measured in the domain between intervals is measured, and it is multiplied by an appropriate coefficient to be mixed with the total power shortage / surplus information. The transfer function of the phase protector is typically C (s) = (1 + ks)
It is written.
Since the priority of each device in the domain varies greatly, the improvement by one dynamic compensator is not effective and the stability is improved, but the effect is limited.
(Fig. 41 Response example with phase compensation element added to the broadcast system (characteristic priority = 0.7))

(Fig. 42)
In each device in the domain, a response example is shown in which the value one interval before stored in each device is used retrospectively as the instantaneous power consumption that is returned and referenced in the follow-up control.
The effect is very effective as expected, and the control is completed for about 9-10 seconds, although one interval for reading the past is required. The system sensitivity remains “1” and does not decrease.

(Fig. 43)
For cases where the broadcast delay was "4", an example of improvement in retroactive compensation was given. Again, the system sensitivity remains “1” and does not decrease.
(Fig.42) Response example when a delay model is incorporated, when the broadcast delay is 1 interval, all individuals go back by 1 interval (Characteristic priority = 0.7)
(Fig. 43 Response example when the delay model is incorporated, when the broadcast delay is 4 intervals, all individuals go back 4 intervals, characteristic priority = 0.7)

(Fig. 44)
In this example, it is assumed that there is a time delay in sending the broadcast value to the entire system, so the countermeasures for all individuals have been effective, but in practice it is possible to identify the location where the delay is occurring. There are cases where it is difficult.
One countermeasure may be a method of referring to stored past information as information to be returned and referenced in follow-up control in the main consumer in the domain. This is an example of trying to compensate the delay in the whole system on the main individual side.
The following response example is an example in which this measure is taken only for individuals −1 and −6. Certainly, the improvement in stability has been lost. But not enough. Here, the system sensitivity remains “1”.

As will be described later, it is effective to use a countermeasure for reducing the system sensitivity in combination, and a method for maintaining responsiveness.
(Fig. 44 Response example when delay model is incorporated, when broadcast delay is 1 interval, the main individual only goes back 1 interval) (Characteristic priority = 0.7))

(Fig. 45)
In the following example, there will be described a case where there is one interval of broadcast delay in the domain, and there is a device-specific delay of one interval in the individual-1 and -6.
The error power history is very vibrational and unstable. Here again, the system sensitivity is intentionally fixed at “1”.
(Fig. 45 Response example when the broadcast delay is 1 interval and there is a delay of 1 interval between 2 individuals (characteristic priority = 0.7) is unstable.)

(Fig. 46)
First, for each individual in the domain, the results of performing retroactive control to the past by the amount of broadcast delay are listed. In other words, this corresponds to the case where no countermeasure is taken for the delay of each individual that is inherently occurring in the individuals −1 and −6. Here, the system sensitivity remains “1”.

The effect is obvious and effective. However, control is still not complete after 15 seconds.
(Fig. 46: Response example in which retrogression control for one interval was performed for all individuals when the broadcast delay was 1 interval and there was a delay of one interval for two individuals (characteristic priority = 0.7))

(Fig. 47)
Next, for each individual in the domain, the results when retroactive control is performed corresponding to the sum of the broadcast and individual delays will be listed. Here, the system sensitivity remains “1”.

The effect is further improved, and it can be seen that the control is completed in about 13 seconds.
(Fig. 47 Example of response when the broadcast delay is 1 interval and there is a delay of 1 interval between 2 individuals, and the individual side has added and compensated for each retrospective control (characteristic priority = 0.7))

(Fig. 48)
Even in this case, the ultimate stabilization method is combined with a system sensitivity reduction measure.
First, the response when the system sensitivity is 0.3 and no retroactive control is performed is listed.

  If the broadcast delay is “1” and the output delay of all devices is “1”, the system sensitivity corresponding to the stability limit is 0.42, and 0.3 is an example of sufficient stability. It corresponds.

As expected, it has a great effect on stabilization, but the completion of the control is much earlier and the long-period vibration aspect continues, which is not good.
(Figure 48) When the broadcast delay is 1 interval, there is a delay of 1 interval for 2 individuals, and the individual side does not compensate, but the response example with reduced system sensitivity only (characteristic priority = 2.4) )

(Fig. 49)
The last example is a case where a system sensitivity reduction measure is combined with retroactive control for each individual.
In addition to improving the stability, the response is also improved, and it can be seen that the control is completed in about 13 seconds without overshoot.

The last series of measures is the final adjustment.
Correctly, from the information processing, the total power measurement means and the broadcast means that can inherently delay, and from the measurement and processing means of the instantaneous power feedback and reference in the power tracking control on each individual Eliminating these delay factors is a precautionary measure.
The means described here should be adopted as the final adjustment means in an environment where countermeasures cannot be thoroughly implemented.
(Fig. 49 Example of response when the broadcast delay is 1 interval and there is a delay of 1 interval for 2 individuals, and the individual side is compensated by adding up the respective retrospective controls, and the system sensitivity is reduced.) Degree = 2.4))

(B) “Means for introducing predictive control on instantaneous power and electric energy that is a power integral value in a certain section to define a control target in a non-DC region”.

(B-1) "Predictive control of instantaneous power"
(Predictive control for instantaneous power and avoidance of overshoot)
On each individual, the maximum amount of power that can be input on each individual by referring to the shortage / surplus amount that the total power consumption within the broadcast instant domain has against the regulation value. Can know. Precisely, by sharing the surplus power amount according to the priority, it becomes possible to perform an operation in which a plurality of individuals simultaneously consume this surplus power amount and avoid overshoot.

This method is a kind of phase operation, and it will increase the power consumption on the individual, that is, the resource in the future using the future power consumption in each individual considering the phase advance by the differential operation. This is equivalent to executing the allocation.
The actual operation cannot be expressed by a simple linear transfer function. However, as shown on the next page, the proportional action (P action) that multiplies the reciprocal of the priority in each individual is made PD or PID action. You can think of it as being achieved.

(B-2) "Integrated power, predictive control to demand"
In the sense of controlling the integration amount, there is a measure for introducing a PID control compensator in the broadcast loop. H0 (s) in the figure corresponds to it. Even if it is not a pure integration guarantee, it may be a mechanism that outputs a moving average for the past month. In that case, the monthly power demand is fed back.
“Demand” is a term that indicates the amount of power integrated over a certain period of time. It is an output from a low-pass filter with a large time constant, which is a phase converter placed on the broadcast path. This is a control target value in the non-DC region obtained.
In terms of control, it is possible to control the demand as a resource, which can be considered as a part of the stabilizing means for arranging the phase compensator on the above-described broadcast path. Thus, a control method is provided in which resource allocation is arranged in advance. A new concept provided by the present invention is that the prior arrangement concept is implemented in consideration of the priority in parallel transmission and independent distributed parallel processing.

In the figure, Hi (s) indicates a phase operation function such as PID, which is a linear operation, or in general, a phase operation in a broad sense using nonlinearity.
(Fig. 50 System configuration in which both compensators and individual compensators are introduced)

(B-3) “Example of instantaneous power preview control”
(Example of predictive control of supply current in substation pipes)
An example will be given in which the current flowing out of a substation is controlled when one train performs control such as acceleration, follow-up notch, and inertial operation. Current is supplied from the substation to multiple trains in the pipe. In some trains, acceleration is performed according to the schedule, but the current supplied from the substation is regulated by 750A. The current at the time of maximum acceleration of the train in this example is 2000A, and only the P operation is performed, and unless the foreseeing function is introduced, the peak cut control must be performed only once over 750A.
(Fig. 51 Example of control results in which overshooting is suppressed by predictive control of the transmission current at the substation in a system composed of railway vehicles and substations)

  Overshooting can be avoided by the train loading logic sequentially adding the additional current value assigned to itself based on the value of the surplus current that is broadcast.

(B-4) "Example of integrated power and predictive control to demand"
(Phase advance operation of deviation power history (peak shift))

  In the so-called proportional operation (P operation), the suppression control of power consumption is started after the departure starts, that is, with overshoot. As a result, peak cut of electric power is performed while paying a sacrifice of temperature rise in the maintained power room or the freezer showcase. In this method, the indoor / internal temperature causes the target temperature to rise, and a greater or lesser deviation (overshoot) is unavoidable.

By reducing the deviation power in advance and consuming the deviation amount in the future in advance, the integrated total power consumption is kept constant (as a result, I operation), thereby avoiding the temperature rise in the room / chamber and power. Can be flattened. This operation is an example in which the effect can be more effectively exhibited in PID control in which phase lead compensation control (D operation) is performed in a broad sense.

(Peak shift by battery and refrigerator)
(FIG. 52 Concept of control that predicts deviation electric energy from the peak and shifts it by prefixing it)

(The estimated amount of deviation of total power is arranged in advance of the prior time zone.)
(FIG. 53 A concept of control in which the deviation power amount is predicted from the peak and is shifted in front of it. Transition of the power adjustment amount.)

(As a result, the total deviation amount in the deviation period is replaced with the total power amount arranged in advance.)
(FIG. 54. Power history obtained as a result of peak shift control.)

  The resulting concept of peak cut power history.

(The meaning of phase compensation control of deviation power history)

  In a room air conditioner having a refrigerator or a system having a refrigeration showcase, as a result, it is possible to store future deviation electric energy by reducing the temperature in the room and in the room due to them. In the case of having a battery, future deviation power is stored in advance as power. Actually, it is effective to combine both the battery and the temperature reduction in the room / inside of the room, and to supplement the control of further deviation power due to the weather prediction error in the P operation. These will achieve phase compensation control in a broad sense, combining PID operations.

(FIG. 55 Internal temperature history obtained as a result of peak shift control.)

The total deviation power is accumulated as the temperature drop amount in the freezer showcase.
(Mode for carrying out the invention)

"Processing algorithm"
In order to demonstrate the functions in the non-DC range, dynamic power compensators are used to allocate power, which is a resource that takes priority into account, by means of broadcast transmission and independent distributed parallel processing on each individual side, which is a power consumption element The algorithm is illustrated.
(FIG. 56 Processing Flow for Implementing Dynamic Compensation for Performing Phase Correction, etc. in Broadcast Transmission Elements and Power Consumption Elements)

  In the conventional intellectual property, only the P operation, which is a DC gain, is assumed in the broadcast transmission element and the power consumption element.

  By incorporating a dynamic compensator into this, the functions of the present invention such as phase compensation control, preview control, and peak shift control including PID operation can be realized.

  This figure shows the algorithm.

"Example of assumed equipment"

The realized device (1a) is also called a sensing module.
(Fig. 57 Example of functional block diagram of device that measures current and broadcasts with built-in phase compensator)

  In the conventional intellectual property, only the P operation, which is a DC gain, is assumed as information generated by the broadcast transmission element. The present invention can be realized by providing a dynamic compensator including a phase operation and the like including a PID operation.

The realized device (1b) makes a fatal contribution in this scheme.
(Fig. 58 Example of a functional block diagram of a device that secures drive power by induced current, measures current, and incorporates a phase compensator to send broadcasts)

Device to be realized (2) The simplest way to reduce power is to shield and restore a stepless or intermittent circuit.
(FIG. 59 Example of a functional block diagram of a device that controls the duty by cutting off the circuit in a power consuming individual with a built-in phase compensator)

  In the conventional intellectual property, only the P operation, which is a DC gain, is assumed as a power consumption element. The present invention can be realized by providing a dynamic compensator including a phase operation and the like including a PID operation.

In the device (3) to be realized, the circuit is not explicitly cut off or restored, but there may be a device for generating an inverter drive signal in order to control the duty of the power consumption.
(FIG. 60 Example of a functional block diagram of an apparatus including a signal generating mechanism for adjusting a duty to cut off a circuit in a power consuming individual with a built-in phase compensator)

  Similarly, the present invention can be realized by providing a dynamic compensator including a phase operation and the like including a PID operation even when the power consuming element has a function of performing intermittent switching. .

  The present invention can be used in any system that uses electrical equipment or information transmission equipment, such as homes, offices, schools, and commercial facilities.

Claims (24)

A broadcast element;
N power consumption elements each having a priority (N is an integer of 1 or more) ,
The broadcast transmission element measures a difference ΔP _k obtained by subtracting the reference value of the total power consumption from the current value of the total power consumption consumed in the group including the N power consumption elements (k is This is the number of times of power control performed until the measurement, and is an integer greater than or equal to 0) , determining a total power consumption adjustment instruction value that is a function of the difference ΔP _k , and representing information indicating the total power consumption adjustment instruction value Generate and broadcast the information within the group,
The N i th respective power consuming elements given as the power consuming elements (any of integers i from 1 N) of the power element,
Receiving the broadcast information,
The power consumption f _{i, k} of the i-th power consumption element is used as β _i that is a function of the priority of the i-th power consumption element.
F _{i, k + 1} expanded in the form of the above, independently controlling power consumption elements other than the i-th power consumption element among the N power consumption elements and the broadcast transmission element,
At least one of the N power consumption elements changes its own priority,
It is possible to satisfy the conditions of
A power control system that controls the total power consumption in the group by changing the broadcast transmission of the information, the reception of the broadcasted information, and the control of the power consumption. 2. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of the N power consumption elements measures a state of its own power consumption, and can change its own priority using a result of the measurement. . Among the N power consumption elements, the j-th power consumption element (j is an integer from 1 to N), which is the at least one, is its own rated power consumption P. _jmax To the lower power consumption P at which the device can operate _jmin Self-rated maximum reduction possible power ΔP obtained by reducing _jmax , Measured power consumption P _j To the lower limit power consumption P that can be operated _jmin That can be instantaneously reduced by reducing _j ΔP obtained by dividing by _jmax / ΔP _j The power control system according to claim 2, wherein the priority of the self can be changed to a value proportional to. For each of the power consumption elements included in the domain including the group, the j-th power consumption element (j is an integer from 1 to N) which is the at least one of the N power consumption elements Nominal power consumption P _{l (el) max} The lower limit power consumption P that can be operated from (l is an integer of 1 or more). _l Rated maximum reduction possible power ΔP obtained by reducing _{l (el) max} Is the sum of
, Measured power consumption P _j To the lower power consumption P at which the device can operate _jmin That can be instantaneously reduced by reducing _j Obtained by dividing by
The power control system according to claim 2, wherein the priority of the self can be changed to a value proportional to. The total power consumption adjustment value is also a function of the system sensitivity, the power control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The system sensitivity differs depending on whether the current value of the total power consumption is larger or smaller than the reference value of the total power consumption, and the system sensitivity when the current value is larger than the reference value, 6. The power according to claim 5 , wherein the responsiveness of the reduction is made higher than the increase of the total power consumption in the control of the total power consumption by increasing the system sensitivity when the current value is smaller than the reference value. Control system. The power to be consumed by each of the N power consumption elements is provided with an upper limit value and a lower limit value, and the power consumption based on the power consumption update value performed in each of the N power consumption elements The power control system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the control is performed within a power consumption range that does not exceed the upper limit value and does not fall below the lower limit value. The broadcast transmission element or the total power consumption monitoring element monitors the transition of the current value of the total power consumption adjusted by repeating the control of the total power consumption in the group,
The value of the difference between the current value of the total power consumption and the reference value when the control is repeated k times is set to x _k (k is an integer of 0 or more), and the control is repeated k + 1 times. When the value of x is x _{k + 1}
Equivalent changes the ratio C _k, estimating said _eq multicast transmission element or the total consumed power monitoring elements given by, evaluating the soundness of the power control system using the estimated value of the equivalent transition ratio C _{k, eq} The power control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 . The broadcast transmission element further calculates at least one sub-constrained integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value, and broadcasts at least one sub-constraint information representing the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value into the group;
The N power consuming elements further receive the broadcasted sub-constraint information;
Among the N power consumption elements, a power consumption element to be controlled based on the sub-constraint information is further calculated using the priority given to itself and the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value The power control system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , further comprising: determining a sub-constraint power consumption update value based on the sub-constraint power consumption update value and further controlling its own power consumption based on the sub-constraint power consumption update value. The power control system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein bidirectional communication between the broadcast transmission element and at least one of the N power consumption elements is possible. A broadcast element having a higher layer priority;
N power consumption elements (N is an integer of 1 or more) each having a lower hierarchy priority,
The broadcast transmission element is:
The upper layer information indicating the upper layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value, which is broadcast from the upper layer broadcast transmission element, is received, and the own upper layer priority and the upper layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value are used. A total power consumption ΔP _k to be reduced or recovered in the lower layer group including the N power consumption elements is determined by calculation (k is the number of times power control has been performed up to the determination, and is greater than or equal to zero) A lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value , which is a function of the total power consumption ΔP _k to be reduced or restored , and generates lower layer information representing the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value, Broadcast the lower layer information into the lower layer group,
Each power consumption element given as the i-th power consumption element (i is an integer from 1 to N) among the N power consumption elements is:
Wherein receiving the lower layer information transmitted broadcast from broadcast transmission element,
The power consumption f _{i, k} of the i-th power consumption element is used as β _i that is a function of the lower layer priority of the i-th power consumption element.
F _{i, k + 1} expanded in the form of the above, independently controlling power consumption elements other than the i-th power consumption element among the N power consumption elements and the broadcast transmission element,
At least one of the N power consumption elements changes its own lower layer priority,
It is possible to satisfy the conditions of
Power that is controlled by changing the total power consumption in the lower layer group through a process of repeating broadcast transmission of the lower layer information, reception of the broadcasted lower layer information, and control of the power consumption. Control system. The power according to claim 11, wherein the at least one of the N power consumption elements measures a state of power consumption of the N power consumption elements and can change a priority of the lower hierarchy using a result of the measurement. Control system. Among the N power consumption elements, the j-th power consumption element (j is an integer from 1 to N), which is the at least one, is its own rated power consumption P. _jmax To the lower power consumption P at which the device can operate _jmin Self-rated maximum reduction possible power ΔP obtained by reducing _jmax , Measured power consumption P _j To the lower limit power consumption P that can be operated _jmin That can be instantaneously reduced by reducing _j ΔP obtained by dividing by _jmax / ΔP _j The power control system according to claim 12, wherein the lower layer priority of the self can be changed to a value proportional to. For each of the power consumption elements included in the domain including the group, the j-th power consumption element (j is an integer from 1 to N) which is the at least one of the N power consumption elements Nominal power consumption P _{l (el) max} The lower limit power consumption P that can be operated from (l is an integer of 1 or more). _l Rated maximum reduction possible power ΔP obtained by reducing _{l (el) max} Is the sum of
, Measured power consumption P _j To the lower power consumption P at which the device can operate _jmin That can be instantaneously reduced by reducing _j Obtained by dividing by
The power control system according to claim 12, wherein the lower layer priority of the self can be changed to a value proportional to. The power control system according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value is also a function of lower layer system sensitivity. When the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value is a value that instructs the reduction of the total power consumption in the lower layer group, by making the lower layer system sensitivity higher than when the value is an instruction to increase, The power control system according to claim 15 , wherein in the control of the total power consumption, the reduction responsiveness is made higher than the increase in the total power consumption. The total power consumption to be consumed in the lower layer group is provided with an upper limit value and a lower limit value, and the determination of the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value performed in the broadcast transmission element is the updated lower layer The power control according to any one of claims 11 to 16 , wherein the power control is performed in a range determined by the broadcast transmission element that the total power consumption in the group does not exceed the upper limit value and does not fall below the lower limit value. system. The broadcast transmission element or the total power consumption monitoring element monitors the transition of the current value of the total power consumption adjusted by repeating the control of the total power consumption in the lower layer group,
The value of the difference between the current value and the reference value of the total power consumption when the control is repeated k times is defined as x _k (k is an integer greater than or equal to 0), and when the control is repeated k + 1 times. When the value is x _{k + 1}
Equivalent changes the ratio C _k given _by, said _eq estimated broadcast transmission element or the total consumed power monitoring element, the equivalent transition ratio C _k, wherein using the estimated value of _eq broadcast transmission element or the total consumed power monitoring 18. A power control system according to any one of claims 11 to 17 , wherein an element evaluates the health of the power control system. The broadcast transmission element further calculates at least one sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value, and broadcasts at least one sub-constraint information representing the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value in the lower layer group And
The N power consuming elements further receive the broadcasted sub-constraint information;
Of the N power consumption elements, a power consumption element to be controlled based on the sub-constraint information further uses the lower hierarchy priority and the sub-constraint integrated power consumption adjustment instruction value given to itself. The power control system according to any one of claims 11 to 18 , further comprising: determining a sub-constraint power consumption update value by performing a calculation, and further controlling its own power consumption based on the sub-constraint power consumption update value. The power control system according to any one of claims 11 to 19 , wherein bidirectional communication between the broadcast transmission element and at least one of the N power consumption elements is possible. The N power consumption elements are one or more power consumption devices belonging to a specific dwelling unit, office, building, or area, or a set of a plurality of power consumption devices belonging to a specific dwelling unit, office, building, or region. The power control system according to any one of claims 1 to 20 , wherein the power control system is a body. The power control system according to any one of claims 1 to 20 , wherein the N power consumption elements are a moving body or a collection of moving bodies. The broadcast transmission element subtracts the reference value of the total power consumption from the current value of the total power consumption consumed in the group including N power consumption elements (N is an integer of 1 or more) having individual priorities. the difference [Delta] P _k obtained Te determined by measurement (k is the number of times of execution of the power control performed by the measurement, an integer of 0 or more) and steps,
The broadcast transmission element determines a total power consumption adjustment instruction value that is a function of the difference ΔP _k and generates information representing the total power consumption adjustment instruction value;
The broadcast element broadcasts the information into the group;
The N i th respective power consuming elements given as the power consuming elements (any of integers i from 1 N) of the power element,
Receiving the information transmitted broadcast,
The power consumption f _{i, k} of the i-th power consumption element is used as β _i that is a function of the priority of the i-th power consumption element.
F _i that is deployed in the form _of, to _{k + 1,} the N stages of controlled independently of the i-th power power consumption elements other than elements and said broadcast transmission elements of the power consuming elements and ,
At least one of the N power consumption elements is
To change your priority so that you can meet
With
A power control method for controlling the total power consumption in the group by changing the broadcast transmission of the information, the reception of the broadcasted information, and the control of the power consumption. Receiving a higher layer information representing an upper layer total power consumption adjustment indication value, wherein a broadcast transmission element having an upper layer priority is broadcast from the upper layer broadcast transmission element;
In the lower layer group in which the broadcast transmission element includes N power consumption elements (N is an integer of 1 or more) by calculation using its own upper layer priority and the upper layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value Determining the total power consumption ΔP _k to be reduced or recovered in step (k is the number of times of power control performed until the determination, and is an integer equal to or greater than 0);
The broadcast transmission element determines a lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value , which is a function of the total power consumption ΔP _k to be reduced or recovered , and sets lower layer information representing the lower layer total power consumption adjustment instruction value. Generating stage,
The broadcast sending element broadcasts the lower layer information into the lower layer group;
The N i th respective power consuming elements given as the power consuming elements (any of integers i from 1 N) of the power element,
Wherein receiving the lower layer information transmitted broadcast from broadcast transmission element,
The power consumption f _{i, k} of the i-th power consumption element is used as β _i that is a function of the lower layer priority of the i-th power consumption element.
To f _{i, k + 1} expanded in the form of N ₁ , independent of power consumption elements other than the i-th power consumption element and the broadcast transmission element among the N power consumption elements
Stages,
At least one of the N power consumption elements is
To change their own lower layer priority so that the conditions of
With
Power that is controlled by changing the total power consumption in the lower layer group through a process of repeating broadcast transmission of the lower layer information, reception of the broadcasted lower layer information, and control of the power consumption. Control method.