JP6149209B2 - Non-contact power feeding device - Google Patents

Non-contact power feeding device Download PDF

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JP6149209B2
JP6149209B2 JP2015562647A JP2015562647A JP6149209B2 JP 6149209 B2 JP6149209 B2 JP 6149209B2 JP 2015562647 A JP2015562647 A JP 2015562647A JP 2015562647 A JP2015562647 A JP 2015562647A JP 6149209 B2 JP6149209 B2 JP 6149209B2
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coil
power
coils
power transmission
receiving coil
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JPWO2015121977A1 (en
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有二 成瀬
有二 成瀬
クライソン　トロンナムチャイ
トロンナムチャイ クライソン
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Description

本発明は非接触給電装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a non-contact power feeding device.

給電共振コイルと受電共振コイルとを共振させることによって、給電共振コイルから受電共振コイルに電力を磁界エネルギーとして送電する無線電力供給システムに関して、給電共振コイルは線径１ｍｍの銅線材を給電共振コイル径に合わせて複数回巻いており、給電共振コイルのコイル径Ｄに対して受電共振コイルのコイル径Ｅを小さくし、給電共振コイルのコイル径と受電共振コイルのコイル径との比が、１００：７から１００：１５までの範囲内である無線電力供給システムが開示されている（特許文献１）。   Regarding a wireless power supply system that transmits power from a power supply resonance coil to a power reception resonance coil as magnetic field energy by resonating the power supply resonance coil and the power reception resonance coil, the power supply resonance coil uses a copper wire having a wire diameter of 1 mm as a power supply resonance coil diameter. The coil diameter E of the power reception resonance coil is made smaller than the coil diameter D of the power supply resonance coil, and the ratio of the coil diameter of the power supply resonance coil to the coil diameter of the power reception resonance coil is 100: A wireless power supply system in the range of 7 to 100: 15 is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

特開２０１２−２２２９８９号公報JP 2012-2222989 A

しかしながら、上記の無線電力供給システムでは、受電共振コイルのコイル面の形状又は受電共振コイルと送電共振コイルとの間の距離が、電力を受電する側の装置等によって異なる場合には、送電コイルが低下するという問題があった。   However, in the above wireless power supply system, when the shape of the coil surface of the power reception resonance coil or the distance between the power reception resonance coil and the power transmission resonance coil differs depending on the device that receives power, the power transmission coil There was a problem of lowering.

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、電力を受電する側の装置等により、受電コイルのコイル面の面積、又は、受電コイルと送電コイルとの間の距離が異なる場合でも、送電効率の低下を抑制できる非接触給電装置を提供する。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is to reduce the power transmission efficiency even when the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil or the distance between the power receiving coil and the power transmitting coil is different depending on the device that receives power. Provided is a non-contact power feeding device that can be suppressed.

本発明は、コイル面の面積が異なる複数の送電コイルを、コイル面が互いに平行な位置になるよう配置しつつ、受電コイルのコイル面の面積、及び、受電コイルと送電コイルとの間の距離に応じて、複数の送電コイルのうち励磁させるコイルを励磁コイルとして選択し、電源から励磁コイルに出力される電力を制御することによって上記課題を解決する。   In the present invention, a plurality of power transmission coils having different coil surface areas are arranged so that the coil surfaces are parallel to each other, and the area of the coil surface of the power reception coil and the distance between the power reception coil and the power transmission coil Accordingly, the above-mentioned problem is solved by selecting a coil to be excited among a plurality of power transmission coils as an excitation coil and controlling the power output from the power source to the excitation coil.

本発明は、送電側のコイルのコイル面が受電コイルのコイル面に対して最適なコイル面となるように、複数の送電コイルからコイルを選択した上で励磁させているため、送電コイルと受電コイルとの間の結合が高まり、送電効率の低下を抑制することができる。   In the present invention, since a coil is selected from a plurality of power transmission coils so that the coil surface of the coil on the power transmission side becomes an optimum coil surface with respect to the coil surface of the power reception coil, the power transmission coil and the power reception are selected. Coupling with the coil is increased, and a decrease in power transmission efficiency can be suppressed.

本実施形態に係る非接触給電システムのブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the non-contact electric power feeding system concerning this embodiment. 図１の送電コイルと受電コイルの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the power transmission coil and power receiving coil of FIG. 図１の送電コイルの大きさ（サイズ）に対する結合係数の特性を示すグラフであるIt is a graph which shows the characteristic of the coupling coefficient with respect to the magnitude | size (size) of the power transmission coil of FIG. 図１のコイル間距離に対する送電コイルの大きさの特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the characteristic of the magnitude | size of the power transmission coil with respect to the distance between coils of FIG. 図１の受電コイルの大きさとコイル間距離（Ｇ）との比（Ｇ/Ｄ２）に対する、受電コイルの大きさと送電コイルの大きさの比（Ｄ１/Ｄ２）の特性を示すグラフである。3 is a graph showing a characteristic of a ratio (D1 / D2) of a size of a power receiving coil and a size of a power transmitting coil with respect to a ratio (G / D2) of a size of the power receiving coil and a distance (G) between the coils in FIG. 図１の送電コイルの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the power transmission coil of FIG. （ａ）１つの送電コイルに１Ａ（アンペア）の電流を通電したときの、磁束密度のＺ方向の成分の特性を示すグラフである。（ｂ）送電コイル１１ａ及び送電コイル１１ｂに１Ａ及び２Ａの電流をそれぞれ通電したときの、磁束密度のＺ方向の成分の特性を示すグラフである。(A) It is a graph which shows the characteristic of the component of the Z direction component of magnetic flux density when the electric current of 1A (ampere) is supplied to one power transmission coil. (B) It is a graph which shows the characteristic of the component of the Z direction of magnetic flux density when the electric current of 1A and 2A is each supplied to the power transmission coil 11a and the power transmission coil 11b. 図１の送電コイル及び受電コイルの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the power transmission coil and power receiving coil of FIG. 図１の受電コイルのサイズに対する電流振幅比の特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the characteristic of the current amplitude ratio with respect to the size of the receiving coil of FIG. 図１のメモリに記録されるマップを説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the map recorded on the memory of FIG. 図１の制御器及び受電コイル検出部の制御フローを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the control flow of the controller of FIG. 1, and a receiving coil detection part. 図１送電コイル及び受電コイルのコイル面積を説明するための図であって、（ａ）はループ状のコイルの斜視図を示し、（ｂ）はソレノイド状のコイルの斜視図を示す。1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining coil areas of a power transmission coil and a power reception coil, in which FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a loop-shaped coil, and FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a solenoid-shaped coil. 本発明の他の実施形態に係る非接触給電システムにおいて、送電コイル及び受電コイルの平面図である。In the non-contact electric power feeding system which concerns on other embodiment of this invention, it is a top view of a power transmission coil and a receiving coil. 図１３の送電コイル及び受電コイルの側面図である。It is a side view of the power transmission coil and power receiving coil of FIG. 本発明の他の実施形態に係る非接触給電システムにおいて、送電コイル及び受電コイルの平面図である。In the non-contact electric power feeding system which concerns on other embodiment of this invention, it is a top view of a power transmission coil and a receiving coil. 図１５の送電コイル及び受電コイルの側面図である。It is a side view of the power transmission coil and power receiving coil of FIG. 図１５の送電コイルの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the power transmission coil of FIG. 図１の送電コイルのピッチ長に対する結合係数の特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the characteristic of the coupling coefficient with respect to the pitch length of the power transmission coil of FIG. 図１送電コイル及び受電コイルのコイル面積を説明するための図であって、図１５の送電コイルの斜視図である。1 is a diagram for explaining the coil area of the power transmission coil and the power reception coil, is a perspective view of the power transmission coil of FIG.

以下、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

《第１実施形態》
図１は、本発明の実施形態に非接触給電システムのブロック図である。本例の非接触給電システムは、地上に設けられた非接触給電装置と、移動体である車両との間で、非接触で電力を供給するシステムである。非接触給電システムは、地上に設けられる送電側のユニットと、車両に設けられる受電側のユニットにより構成されている。<< First Embodiment >>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a contactless power feeding system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The non-contact power feeding system of this example is a system that supplies power in a non-contact manner between a non-contact power feeding device provided on the ground and a vehicle that is a moving body. The non-contact power supply system includes a power transmission side unit provided on the ground and a power reception side unit provided on the vehicle.

最初に地上側のユニットについて説明する。地上側のユニットは給電装置１０と交流電源３０とを備えている。給電装置１０は、例えば、車両を駐車するための駐車スペースに設けられている。交流電源３０は１００Ｖ又は２００Ｖの家庭用の電源である。   First, the ground unit will be described. The unit on the ground side includes a power feeding device 10 and an AC power supply 30. The power feeding device 10 is provided in a parking space for parking a vehicle, for example. The AC power supply 30 is a 100V or 200V household power supply.

給電装置１０は、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃと、共振コンデンサ１２ａ〜１２ｃと、振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃと、インバータ１４と、制御器１５と、メモリ１６と、受電コイル検出部１７と、通信器１８とを備えている。   The power feeding device 10 includes power transmission coils 11a to 11c, resonance capacitors 12a to 12c, amplitude adjustment circuits 13a to 13c, an inverter 14, a controller 15, a memory 16, a power receiving coil detector 17, and a communication device 18. And.

送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、受電コイル２１に対して少なくとも磁気的な作用により非接触で電力を送電するコイルである。本例は、磁気的な共振を利用して、電力を送電している。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、コイル面を互いに平行に配置しつつ、コイル面の面積が互いに異なるように構成された複数のコイルである。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、それぞれ円形状をコイル面とするコイルである。コイル面は、コイルとして作用する面を示しており、図１の例では円形状の面である。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのコイル面の直径（Ｄ１ａ、Ｄ１ｂ、Ｄ１ｃ）は、互いに異なっており、送電コイル１１ａの直径（Ｄ１ａ）の直径が最も短く、送電コイル１１ｃの直径（Ｄ１ｃ）の直径が最も長い。コイル面の法線方向からみたときに、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃの各コイル面は重なっている。本例では、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのコイル面は同一平面状に並べられている。そして、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、導線を１回又は複数回巻いて構成されている。The power transmission coils 11 a to 11 c are coils that transmit power to the power receiving coil 21 in a contactless manner at least by a magnetic action. In this example, electric power is transmitted using magnetic resonance. The power transmission coils 11a to 11c are a plurality of coils configured such that the coil surfaces are different from each other while the coil surfaces are arranged in parallel to each other. The power transmission coils 11a to 11c are coils each having a circular coil surface. The coil surface indicates a surface acting as a coil, and is a circular surface in the example of FIG. The diameters (D 1a , D 1b , D 1c ) of the coil surfaces of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c are different from each other, the diameter (D 1a ) of the power transmission coil 11a is the shortest, and the diameter (D 1c ) of the power transmission coil 11c. ) Is the longest diameter. When viewed from the normal direction of the coil surface, the coil surfaces of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c overlap each other. In this example, the coil surfaces of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c are arranged in the same plane. And the power transmission coils 11a-11c are comprised by winding a conducting wire once or several times.

受電コイル２１を備えた車両が所定の駐車スペースに駐車されると、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは受電コイル２１と所定の距離を保って、受電コイル２１の下側（地面に近い側）に位置付けられる。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは互いに独立したコイルである。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、駐車スペースの地表に沿うように設置されている。   When a vehicle including the power receiving coil 21 is parked in a predetermined parking space, the power transmitting coils 11a to 11c are positioned below the power receiving coil 21 (side closer to the ground) while maintaining a predetermined distance from the power receiving coil 21. . The power transmission coils 11a to 11c are independent coils. The power transmission coils 11a to 11c are installed along the ground surface of the parking space.

共振コンデンサ１２ａ〜１２ｃは、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃにそれぞれ接続されている。共振コイル１２ａ〜１２ｃは、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃと共に共振回路を形成するためのコンデンサである。   The resonant capacitors 12a to 12c are connected to the power transmission coils 11a to 11c, respectively. The resonance coils 12a to 12c are capacitors for forming a resonance circuit together with the power transmission coils 11a to 11c.

振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃは、インバータ１４からコイル１１ａ〜１１ｃに出力される交流電流の振幅を調整する回路であって、共振コンデンサ１２ａ〜１２ｃとインバータ１４との間に接続されている。振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃは制御器１５により制御される。また、振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃは、制御器１５の制御により、インバータ１４の出力電力を、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃに選択して供給する回路でもある。例えば、振幅調整回路１３ａ、１３ｂが動作し、振幅調整回路１３ｃが停止している場合には、インバータ１４の電力は送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂに供給され、電流は送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂに流れ、電流は送電コイル１１ｃに流れない。これにより、複数の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのうち、電流を流すコイルと、電流を流さないコイルとが選択的に切り変えられるように構成されている。   The amplitude adjustment circuits 13 a to 13 c are circuits that adjust the amplitude of the alternating current output from the inverter 14 to the coils 11 a to 11 c, and are connected between the resonance capacitors 12 a to 12 c and the inverter 14. The amplitude adjustment circuits 13 a to 13 c are controlled by the controller 15. The amplitude adjustment circuits 13a to 13c are also circuits that select and supply the output power of the inverter 14 to the power transmission coils 11a to 11c under the control of the controller 15. For example, when the amplitude adjustment circuits 13a and 13b are operating and the amplitude adjustment circuit 13c is stopped, the power of the inverter 14 is supplied to the power transmission coils 11a and 11b, and the current flows to the power transmission coils 11a and 11b. Does not flow into the power transmission coil 11c. Thereby, it is comprised so that the coil which sends an electric current, and the coil which does not send an electric current among several power transmission coils 11a-11c can be switched selectively.

インバータ１４は交流電源３０から入力される交流電力を変換して、振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃ及び共振コンデンサ１２ａ〜１２ｃを介して、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃに交流電力を出力するための変換回路である。   The inverter 14 is a conversion circuit for converting AC power input from the AC power supply 30 and outputting AC power to the power transmission coils 11a to 11c via the amplitude adjustment circuits 13a to 13c and the resonance capacitors 12a to 12c. .

制御器１５は受電コイル検出部１７の検出結果に応じて、振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃ及びインバータ１４を制御するコントローラである。メモリ１６は、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃと受電コイル２１との間の距離、受電コイル２１の大きさ、及び送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃに流れる電流振幅との関係を示すマップを記録している。なお、メモリ１６のマップについては後述する。   The controller 15 is a controller that controls the amplitude adjustment circuits 13 a to 13 c and the inverter 14 according to the detection result of the power receiving coil detection unit 17. The memory 16 records a map indicating the relationship between the distance between the power transmission coils 11a to 11c and the power reception coil 21, the size of the power reception coil 21, and the current amplitude flowing through the power transmission coils 11a to 11c. The map of the memory 16 will be described later.

受電コイル検出部１７は、通信器１８を用いて、受電コイル２１の位置、受電コイル２１の大きさ、及び送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃと受電コイル２１との間の距離（以下、コイル間距離とも称す）を検出し、検出結果を制御器１５に出力する。受電コイル検出部１７は、受電コイル２１の位置を検出する際には、例えば通信器１８により赤外線信号又は超音波信号等を発信して、その信号の反射波から受電コイル２１の位置を検出する。また、受電コイル検出部１７は、受電コイル２１の位置から、コイル間距離を検出してもよい。   The power receiving coil detector 17 uses the communication device 18 to determine the position of the power receiving coil 21, the size of the power receiving coil 21, and the distance between the power transmitting coils 11a to 11c and the power receiving coil 21 (hereinafter also referred to as inter-coil distance). ) And the detection result is output to the controller 15. When detecting the position of the receiving coil 21, the receiving coil detection part 17 transmits an infrared signal, an ultrasonic signal, etc. by the communication device 18, for example, and detects the position of the receiving coil 21 from the reflected wave of the signal. . The power receiving coil detection unit 17 may detect the distance between the coils from the position of the power receiving coil 21.

受電コイル検出部１７は、通信器１８を用いて、受電コイル２１の大きさを示す情報を車両側から受信することで、受電コイル２１の大きさを検出する。受電コイル２１の大きさの情報は、車両側のメモリ２６に記録されている。また、車両の車高の情報がメモリ２６に記録されている場合には、受電コイル検出部１７は、通信器１８を用いて車両の車高情報を受信し、当該車高情報からコイル間の距離を検出してもよい。通信器１８はアンテナを有しており、車両側の通信器２８と無線で通信する。   The power receiving coil detection unit 17 detects the size of the power receiving coil 21 by using the communication device 18 to receive information indicating the size of the power receiving coil 21 from the vehicle side. Information on the size of the power receiving coil 21 is recorded in the memory 26 on the vehicle side. When the vehicle height information is recorded in the memory 26, the power receiving coil detection unit 17 receives the vehicle height information using the communicator 18, and from the vehicle height information, the information between the coils is received. The distance may be detected. The communication device 18 has an antenna and communicates with the communication device 28 on the vehicle side by radio.

次に車両側のユニットを説明する。車両側のユニットは、受電コイル２１と、共振コンデンサ２２と、負荷２３と、メモリ２６と、通信器２８とを備えている。これらの構成は車両に設けられている。   Next, the vehicle side unit will be described. The vehicle-side unit includes a power receiving coil 21, a resonance capacitor 22, a load 23, a memory 26, and a communication device 28. These configurations are provided in the vehicle.

受電コイル２１は、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１から供給される電力を受電するコイルである。受電コイル２１は、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのコイル面と平行なコイル面を有した円形状のコイルである。受電コイル２１は単一のループ状コイルである。受電コイル２１のコイル面の直径（Ｄ２）は、送電コイル１１ｃのコイル面の直径よりも小さい。受電コイル２１は、車両のシャシに沿うように設けられている。The power receiving coil 21 is a coil that receives power supplied from the power transmitting coils 11 a to 11. The power receiving coil 21 is a circular coil having a coil surface parallel to the coil surfaces of the power transmitting coils 11a to 11c. The power receiving coil 21 is a single loop coil. The diameter (D 2 ) of the coil surface of the power receiving coil 21 is smaller than the diameter of the coil surface of the power transmission coil 11c. The power receiving coil 21 is provided along the chassis of the vehicle.

共振コンデンサ２２は、受電コイル２１に接続され、受電コイル２１と供に共振回路を形成するためのコンデンサである。負荷２３は、バッテリ又はモータ等である。なお、負荷２３に含まれるバッテリが、受電コイル２１で受電した電力で充電される場合には、バッテリと受電コイル２１との間に、交流を直流に変換するためのインバータ等が接続される。   The resonance capacitor 22 is connected to the power receiving coil 21 and is a capacitor for forming a resonance circuit together with the power receiving coil 21. The load 23 is a battery or a motor. In addition, when the battery included in the load 23 is charged with the power received by the power receiving coil 21, an inverter or the like for converting alternating current into direct current is connected between the battery and the power receiving coil 21.

メモリ２６は、受電コイル２１の大きさの情報、受電コイル２１の位置情報、車高情報、及び負荷２３のバッテリ情報等を記録している。通信器２８はアンテナを有しており、車両側の通信器２８と無線で通信する。通信器２８は、メモリ２６に記録されている情報を地上側ユニットに送信する。   The memory 26 records information on the size of the power receiving coil 21, position information on the power receiving coil 21, vehicle height information, battery information on the load 23, and the like. The communicator 28 has an antenna and communicates with the vehicle-side communicator 28 wirelessly. The communication device 28 transmits information recorded in the memory 26 to the ground side unit.

次に、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ及び受電コイル２１の大きさ、コイル間距離、及び結合係数（κ）の関係について説明する。なお、本例の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは複数のコイルであるが、ここでは説明のために、１つの送電コイル１１のみとする。図２は、送電コイル１１と受電コイル２１の斜視図である。Ｄ１は送電コイル１１の直径を示し、Ｄ２は受電コイル２１の直径を示し、Ｇはコイル間距離（ギャップ）を示す。Next, the relationship among the sizes of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c and the power reception coil 21, the distance between the coils, and the coupling coefficient (κ) will be described. In addition, although the power transmission coils 11a to 11c of this example are a plurality of coils, only one power transmission coil 11 is assumed here for the sake of explanation. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the power transmission coil 11 and the power reception coil 21. D 1 indicates the diameter of the power transmission coil 11, D 2 indicates the diameter of the power receiving coil 21, and G indicates the inter-coil distance (gap).

受電コイル２１の大きさ（直径）を５００ｍｍで固定しつつ、各ギャップ（５０ｍｍ、１００ｍｍ、１５０ｍｍ、２００ｍｍ、２５０ｍｍ、３００ｍｍ）について送電コイル１１の大きさ（直径）を変化させた場合の結合係数の特性をとると、図３のような特性になる。図３は、送電コイル１１の大きさ（サイズ）に対する結合係数の特性を示すグラフである。図３に示すように、結合係数は、送電コイル１１の直径の１点でピークをとる。例えば、ギャップが５０ｍｍの場合には、送電コイル１１の直径が５０ｍｍのときに、結合係数はピーク値（０．３６）をとる。   The coupling coefficient when the size (diameter) of the power transmission coil 11 is changed for each gap (50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm) while the size (diameter) of the power receiving coil 21 is fixed at 500 mm. The characteristic is as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the characteristics of the coupling coefficient with respect to the size (size) of the power transmission coil 11. As shown in FIG. 3, the coupling coefficient has a peak at one point of the diameter of the power transmission coil 11. For example, when the gap is 50 mm, the coupling coefficient takes a peak value (0.36) when the diameter of the power transmission coil 11 is 50 mm.

また、ギャップが大きくなるほど、結合係数は低下するが、結合係数のピーク値をとる送電コイル１１の直径は、ギャップが大きくなるほど、大きくなっている（図３の丸印を参照）。   In addition, the coupling coefficient decreases as the gap increases, but the diameter of the power transmission coil 11 that takes the peak value of the coupling coefficient increases as the gap increases (see the circle in FIG. 3).

結合係数（κ）は発生する磁束と相手コイルを鎖交する磁束との比率を表している。送電コイル１１の大きさと受電コイル２１の大きさが同じであって（図３で、Ｄ１＝Ｄ２＝５００ｍｍに相当）、かつ、ギャップが小さい場合には、送電コイル１１で発生する磁束の多くが受電コイル２１に鎖交するため、結合係数が大きくなる。一方、送電コイル１１及び受電コイル２１の大きさが同じであり、かつ、ギャップが大きい場合には、送電コイル１１で発生する磁束が受電コイル２１に鎖交せずに短絡するため、結合係数が小さくなってしまう。The coupling coefficient (κ) represents the ratio between the generated magnetic flux and the magnetic flux interlinking the counterpart coil. When the size of the power transmission coil 11 and the size of the power reception coil 21 are the same (corresponding to D 1 = D 2 = 500 mm in FIG. 3) and the gap is small, the magnetic flux generated in the power transmission coil 11 is reduced. Since most of them are linked to the power receiving coil 21, the coupling coefficient increases. On the other hand, when the sizes of the power transmission coil 11 and the power reception coil 21 are the same and the gap is large, the magnetic flux generated in the power transmission coil 11 is short-circuited without interlinking with the power reception coil 21, so that the coupling coefficient is It gets smaller.

すなわち、図３に示すように、送電コイル１１の大きさと受電コイル２１の大きさ（直径）とを５００ｍｍで同じ大きさにして、ギャップ（Ｇ）を５０ｍｍから１００ｍｍに大きくすると、結合係数が下がる（Ｇ：１００ｍｍのグラフで、Ｄ１＝５００ｍｍのときに相当する）。この状態から、送電コイル１１の大きさを適正な大きさ（Ｄ１＝約５５０ｍｍ）に大きくすると、結合係数が上がり最大値をとる（Ｇ：１００ｍｍのグラフのピーク値に相当）。That is, as shown in FIG. 3, when the size of the power transmission coil 11 and the size (diameter) of the power reception coil 21 are set to the same size of 500 mm and the gap (G) is increased from 50 mm to 100 mm, the coupling coefficient decreases. (G: corresponds to a graph of 100 mm and D 1 = 500 mm). From this state, when the size of the power transmission coil 11 is increased to an appropriate size (D 1 = about 550 mm), the coupling coefficient increases and takes the maximum value (G: corresponding to the peak value of the graph of 100 mm).

また、受電コイル２１の大きさ（Ｄ２）が５００ｍｍで、送電コイル１１の大きさ（Ｄ１）が５５０ｍｍで、ギャップ（Ｇ）が１００ｍｍから小さくなると、結合係数はピーク値より小さくなる。この状態では、図２のＺ方向でみたときに、送電コイル１１と受電コイル２１との重なる部分において、受電コイル２１は鎖交磁束を受け取ることができるが、重ならない部分の磁束は受電コイル２１を鎖交しないため、結合係数が低下する。Further, when the size (D 2 ) of the power receiving coil 21 is 500 mm, the size (D 1 ) of the power transmitting coil 11 is 550 mm, and the gap (G) is reduced from 100 mm, the coupling coefficient becomes smaller than the peak value. In this state, when viewed in the Z direction in FIG. 2, the power receiving coil 21 can receive the interlinkage magnetic flux in the overlapping portion of the power transmission coil 11 and the power receiving coil 21, but the magnetic flux in the non-overlapping portion is the power receiving coil 21. The coupling coefficient is lowered because the chain is not linked.

上記のように、結合係数（κ）を大きくするためには、受電コイル２１の大きさとコイル間距離（ギャップ）に対して、適切な送電コイル１１の大きさが存在する。   As described above, in order to increase the coupling coefficient (κ), there is an appropriate size of the power transmission coil 11 with respect to the size of the power receiving coil 21 and the inter-coil distance (gap).

さらに、図４及び図５を用いて、結合係数（κ）、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ及び受電コイル２１の大きさとコイル間距離の関係を一般化する。図４は、コイル間距離（Ｇ）を横軸にし、結合係数（κ）を最大にする送電コイルの大きさ（Ｄ１）を縦軸にして、受電コイル２１の大きさ毎（Ｄ２＝４００、５００、６００（ｍｍ））の特性を示すグラフである。図５は、受電コイル２１の大きさとコイル間距離（Ｇ）との比（Ｇ/Ｄ２）を横軸にし、結合係数（κ）を最大にする、受電コイルの大きさと送電コイルの大きさの比（Ｄ１/Ｄ２）を縦軸にして、受電コイル２１の大きさ毎（Ｄ２＝４００、５００、６００（ｍｍ））の特性を示すグラフである。Furthermore, using FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the relationship between the coupling coefficient (κ), the sizes of the power transmission coils 11 a to 11 c and the power reception coil 21, and the distance between the coils is generalized. FIG. 4 shows the distance (G) between the coils as the horizontal axis and the size (D 1 ) of the power transmission coil that maximizes the coupling coefficient (κ) as the vertical axis, for each size of the power receiving coil 21 (D 2 = It is a graph which shows the characteristic of 400, 500, 600 (mm)). FIG. 5 shows the size of the power receiving coil and the size of the power transmitting coil with the ratio (G / D 2 ) between the size of the power receiving coil 21 and the inter-coil distance (G) being the horizontal axis and maximizing the coupling coefficient (κ). 6 is a graph showing characteristics for each size (D 2 = 400, 500, 600 (mm)) of the power receiving coil 21 with the ratio (D 1 / D 2 ) of the vertical axis as the vertical axis.

図４に示されるように、受電コイル２１の大きさが同じであれば、ギャップが大きくなるほど、結合係数を最大化させるための送電コイルの大きさ（Ｄ１）は大きくなる。また、ギャップの大きさが同じであれば、受電コイル２１の大きさが大きくなるほど、結合係数を最大化させるための送電コイルの大きさ（Ｄ１）は小さくなる。As shown in FIG. 4, if the size of the power receiving coil 21 is the same, the size (D 1 ) of the power transmission coil for maximizing the coupling coefficient increases as the gap increases. Further, if the size of the gap is the same, the size (D 1 ) of the power transmission coil for maximizing the coupling coefficient decreases as the size of the power receiving coil 21 increases.

また、図４に示すように、受電コイル２１の大きさを変えたとしても、コイル間距離と結合係数を最大化させるための送電コイル１１の大きさとの関係は相似していることが分かる、そのため、図５に示すように、受電コイル２１の大きさ（Ｄ２）で、図４に示す特性を規格化すると、受電コイル２１の大きさによらず、コイル間距離と結合係数を最大化させるための送電コイル１１の大きさとの関係が一致することが分かる。In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, even if the size of the power receiving coil 21 is changed, it can be seen that the relationship between the distance between the coils and the size of the power transmitting coil 11 for maximizing the coupling coefficient is similar. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, when the characteristics shown in FIG. 4 are normalized by the size (D 2 ) of the power receiving coil 21, the inter-coil distance and the coupling coefficient are maximized regardless of the size of the power receiving coil 21. It can be seen that the relationship with the size of the power transmission coil 11 to be matched is the same.

さらに、図５に示す特性を、式で表すと以下のように表される。

Figure 0006149209
Furthermore, the characteristics shown in FIG. 5 are expressed by the following equations.
Figure 0006149209

ただし、結合係数がピーク値をとる場合には、θ＝２３°となり、結合係数がピーク値から１０％低下までの範囲とすると、２１°≦θ≦２５°となる。   However, when the coupling coefficient takes a peak value, θ = 23 °, and when the coupling coefficient is within a range from the peak value by 10%, 21 ° ≦ θ ≦ 25 °.

また、送電コイル１１のコイル面積をＳ１とし、受電コイル２１のコイル面の面積Ｓ２とすると、コイル面積（Ｓ１、Ｓ２）はコイル径（Ｄ１、Ｄ２）を用いて、それぞれ以下の式（２）で表される。

Figure 0006149209
Further, assuming that the coil area of the power transmission coil 11 is S 1 and the coil surface area S 2 of the power receiving coil 21 is the coil area (S 1 , S 2 ) using the coil diameters (D 1 , D 2 ), respectively. It is represented by the following formula (2).
Figure 0006149209

そして、式（１）に式（２）を代入しつつ、コイル面積（Ｓ１）で上記の関係式を表すと、式（３）のようになる。

Figure 0006149209
When the above relational expression is expressed by the coil area (S 1 ) while substituting Expression (2) into Expression (1), Expression (3) is obtained.
Figure 0006149209

すなわち、受電コイル２１のコイル面の大きさ（Ｄ２又はＳ２）とコイル間距離（Ｇ）が定まれば、結合係数を大きくする送電コイル１１の大きさ（Ｄ１又はＳ１）が定まることになる。そのため、受電コイル２１のコイル面の面積、及び、コイル間距離に応じて、送電コイル１１のコイル面の大きさが適切な大きさに変われば、結合係数は高い状態となる。That is, if the size (D 2 or S 2 ) of the coil surface of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance (G) between the coils are determined, the size (D 1 or S 1 ) of the power transmission coil 11 that increases the coupling coefficient is determined. It will be. Therefore, if the size of the coil surface of the power transmission coil 11 is changed to an appropriate size according to the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils, the coupling coefficient becomes high.

本例とは異なり、送電コイル１１が単一のループコイルで形成されている場合には、受電コイル２１の大きさ等に応じて、ループの大きさを変えることができればよいが、コイルの構成が複雑になってしまう。   Unlike this example, when the power transmission coil 11 is formed of a single loop coil, it is sufficient if the size of the loop can be changed according to the size of the power reception coil 21, etc. Becomes complicated.

そのため、本発明のシステムは、送電コイル１１を複数のコイルで構成し、複数のコイルの中から電流を流すコイルを選択しつつ、コイルに流す電流振幅を調整することで、複数のコイルを合成しコイル面の面積を自在に変えられる擬似的なコイルを形成している。   Therefore, the system of the present invention is configured by composing a plurality of coils by configuring the power transmission coil 11 with a plurality of coils and adjusting a current amplitude flowing through the coil while selecting a coil through which a current flows from the plurality of coils. A pseudo coil that can freely change the area of the coil surface is formed.

以下、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃの選択と、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃの電流振幅について説明する。図６は、送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂの斜視図を示す。送電コイル１１ａのコイル面の直径（φ１）は４００ｍｍとし、送電コイル１１ｂのコイル面の直径（φ２）は８００ｍｍとする。そして、送電コイル１１ａ及び送電コイル１１ｂにそれぞれ１Ａ（アンペア）の電流を通電したときの磁束密度のＺ方向の成分を図７（ａ）に示す。磁束密度のＺ方向の成分は送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂの中心点ＯからＺ方向（正方向）で高さ（２００ｍｍ）の成分である。そして、高さ（２００ｍｍ）からＸ方向に沿って径（ＲＯ）をとりつつ、横軸を径（ＲＯ）、縦軸を磁束密度のＺ方向成分としたときの特性が図７（ａ）に示されている。ただし、図７（ａ）に示す２つのグラフは、送電コイル１１ａのみに１Ａの電流を流したときの特性と、送電コイル１１ｂのみに１Ａの電流を流したときの特性をそれぞれ示している。Hereinafter, selection of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c and current amplitude of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c will be described. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the power transmission coils 11a and 11b. The diameter (φ 1 ) of the coil surface of the power transmission coil 11a is 400 mm, and the diameter (φ 2 ) of the coil surface of the power transmission coil 11b is 800 mm. And the component of the Z direction of the magnetic flux density when the electric current of 1A (ampere) is each supplied to the power transmission coil 11a and the power transmission coil 11b is shown to Fig.7 (a). The component in the Z direction of the magnetic flux density is a component having a height (200 mm) in the Z direction (positive direction) from the center point O of the power transmission coils 11a and 11b. The characteristic when the horizontal axis is the diameter (R O ) and the vertical axis is the Z direction component of the magnetic flux density while taking the diameter (R O ) along the X direction from the height (200 mm) is shown in FIG. ). However, the two graphs shown in FIG. 7A respectively show the characteristics when a current of 1A flows through only the power transmission coil 11a and the characteristics when a current of 1A flows through only the power transmission coil 11b.

送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂはループ状のコイルであるため、磁束はコイル線をループするように通る。そのため、径（Ｒ０）をゼロから徐々に大きくした場合に、Ｚ方向の磁界は、ある径を境に上向きから下向きに反転する。図７（ａ）に示すように、送電コイル１１ａのみに１Ａの電流を流したときには、径（Ｒ０）が３４０ｍｍのときに、Ｚ方向の磁界密度が上向きから下向きに反転する。また、送電コイル１１ｂのみに１Ａの電流を流したときには、径（Ｒ０）が４８０ｍｍのときに、Ｚ方向の磁界密度が上向きから下向きに反転する。Since the power transmission coils 11a and 11b are loop coils, the magnetic flux passes through the coil wire so as to loop. Therefore, when the diameter (R 0 ) is gradually increased from zero, the magnetic field in the Z direction is reversed from upward to downward with a certain diameter as a boundary. As shown in FIG. 7A, when a current of 1 A is supplied only to the power transmission coil 11a, the magnetic field density in the Z direction is reversed from upward to downward when the diameter (R 0 ) is 340 mm. Further, when a current of 1 A is supplied only to the power transmission coil 11b, the magnetic field density in the Z direction is reversed from upward to downward when the diameter (R 0 ) is 480 mm.

次に、送電コイル１１ａに２Ａの電流を流しつつ、送電コイル１１ｂに１Ａの電流を流したときの特性を図７（ｂ）を用いて説明する。磁束密度の計測条件は上記と同様である。図７（ｂ）に示すように、径（Ｒ０）が４５０ｍｍのときに、Ｚ方向の磁界密度が上向きから下向きに反転する。図７（ａ）と比較した場合に、複数の送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂに電流を流すことで、送電コイル１１ａの磁束特性と、送電コイル１１ｂの磁束特性との間の中間的な磁束特性が得られる。すなわち、所定の比率の振幅をもつ電流を２つの送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂに流すことで、１つの送電コイルが擬似的にあるような磁束特性を得ることができ、さらに、１つの擬似的な送電コイルは、２つの送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂとは異なるサイズ（コイル面の面積）にすることができる。Next, characteristics when a current of 1 A is passed through the power transmission coil 11 b while a current of 2 A is passed through the power transmission coil 11 a will be described with reference to FIG. The measurement conditions for the magnetic flux density are the same as described above. As shown in FIG. 7B, when the diameter (R 0 ) is 450 mm, the magnetic field density in the Z direction is reversed from upward to downward. When compared with FIG. 7A, an intermediate magnetic flux characteristic between the magnetic flux characteristic of the power transmission coil 11a and the magnetic flux characteristic of the power transmission coil 11b is obtained by passing a current through the plurality of power transmission coils 11a and 11b. It is done. That is, by passing a current having an amplitude of a predetermined ratio to the two power transmission coils 11a and 11b, a magnetic flux characteristic in which one power transmission coil is pseudo can be obtained, and further, one pseudo power transmission A coil can be made into the size (area of a coil surface) different from the two power transmission coils 11a and 11b.

本例の非接触給電システムでは、電流を流すために選択する送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ及び選択したコイルに流す電流振幅の大きさが、マップにより決まっている。マップは、受電コイル２１のコイル面の面積及びコイル間距離に対する、選択コイル及び電流振幅との対応関係を示しており、メモリ１６に記録されている。   In the non-contact power feeding system of this example, the magnitudes of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c selected to flow current and the current amplitude flowing through the selected coil are determined by the map. The map shows the correspondence between the selection coil and current amplitude with respect to the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils, and is recorded in the memory 16.

メモリ１６のマップは、以下の方法で作成される。図８は送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂ及び受電コイル２１の断面図を示し、図９は受電コイル２１のサイズに対する送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂの電流振幅比の特性を示したグラフである。   The map of the memory 16 is created by the following method. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the power transmission coils 11 a and 11 b and the power reception coil 21, and FIG. 9 is a graph showing the characteristics of the current amplitude ratio of the power transmission coils 11 a and 11 b with respect to the size of the power reception coil 21.

図８に示すように、送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂのコイル面の中心点を原点として、座標をとり、受電コイル２１の中心点と送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂの中始点が、Ｚ軸上にあるとする。また、図８は、ＸＺ平面（図２を参照）の断面において、受電コイル２１を座標（ｘ、ｚ）及び座標（−ｘ、ｚ）で表す。またコイル間距離（Ｇ）は１００ｍｍとする。送電コイル１１ａの直径（Ｄ１ａ）は４００ｍｍ、送電コイル１１ｂの直径（Ｄ１ｂ）は８００ｍｍとする。As shown in FIG. 8, it is assumed that the center point of the coil surface of the power transmission coils 11a and 11b is the origin, the coordinates are taken, and the center point of the power reception coil 21 and the middle start point of the power transmission coils 11a and 11b are on the Z axis. . FIG. 8 shows the power receiving coil 21 with coordinates (x, z) and coordinates (−x, z) in the cross section of the XZ plane (see FIG. 2). The distance (G) between the coils is 100 mm. The diameter (D 1a ) of the power transmission coil 11a is 400 mm, and the diameter (D 1b ) of the power transmission coil 11b is 800 mm.

そして、座標（ｘ、ｚ）及び座標（−ｘ、ｚ）において、Ｚ方向成分の磁束密度がゼロになるような送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂの電流比を、受電コイル２１のコイル面の直径（受電コイルサイズ）に応じて求めると、図９に示すような特性となる。ただし、Ｉａは送電コイル１１ａの電流振幅を示し、Ｉｂは送電コイル１１ｂの電流振幅を示す。   Then, at the coordinates (x, z) and the coordinates (−x, z), the current ratio of the power transmission coils 11 a and 11 b so that the magnetic flux density of the Z direction component becomes zero is set to the diameter of the coil surface of the power reception coil 21 (power reception). When it is determined according to the coil size, the characteristics shown in FIG. 9 are obtained. However, Ia shows the current amplitude of the power transmission coil 11a, and Ib shows the current amplitude of the power transmission coil 11b.

座標（ｘ、ｚ）及び座標（−ｘ、ｚ）において、Ｚ方向成分の磁束密度がゼロになる場合には、座標（−ｘ、ｚ）から座標（−ｘ、ｚ）の範囲内ではＺ方向の磁束密度は正方向になり、当該範囲外ではＺ方向の磁束密度は負方向になる。例えば、受電コイル２１の大きさが８４０ｍｍのときには、送電コイル１１ａ、１１ｂの電流振幅の比（Ｉｂ／Ｉａ）が１／１に設定されれば、受電コイル２１のコイル面に対して、最も効率よく磁束を鎖交させることができる。これにより、コイル間距離をある値に固定しつつ、受電コイル２１の大きさに応じて、選択すべき送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ及び電流振幅比の関係を得ることができる。また、受電コイル２１の大きさを固定しつつコイル間距離を変化させれば、コイル間距離に応じて、選択すべき送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ及び電流振幅比の関係を得ることができる。   When the magnetic flux density of the Z direction component is zero at the coordinates (x, z) and the coordinates (−x, z), Z is within the range from the coordinates (−x, z) to the coordinates (−x, z). The magnetic flux density in the direction is positive, and outside this range, the magnetic flux density in the Z direction is negative. For example, when the size of the power receiving coil 21 is 840 mm, if the ratio (Ib / Ia) of the current amplitudes of the power transmitting coils 11a and 11b is set to 1/1, the most efficient with respect to the coil surface of the power receiving coil 21. The magnetic flux can be interlinked well. Thereby, the relationship between the power transmission coils 11a to 11c to be selected and the current amplitude ratio can be obtained according to the size of the power receiving coil 21 while fixing the distance between the coils to a certain value. Moreover, if the distance between coils is changed while fixing the magnitude | size of the receiving coil 21, the relationship between the power transmission coils 11a-11c and current amplitude ratio which should be selected can be obtained according to the distance between coils.

上記のような作成方法で、受電コイル２１の大きさ及びコイル間距離に応じた、選択すべき送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ及び電流振幅比の関係をマップで表すと、図１０のように表される。   When the relationship between the power transmission coils 11a to 11c to be selected and the current amplitude ratio according to the size of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils and the current amplitude ratio is represented by a map using the above-described creation method, the map is represented as shown in FIG. .

図１０はマップを説明するためのグラフである。横軸は受電コイル２１の大きさを示し、縦軸はコイル間距離を示す。受電コイル２１の大きさは、コイル面の径の大きさ又はコイル面の面積の大きさで示される。また「コイル１」は送電コイル１１ａを示し、「コイル２」は送電コイル１１ｂを示し、「コイル３」は送電コイル１１ｃを示す。Ｉ１は送電コイル１１ａに流す電流振幅を示し、Ｉ２は送電コイル１１ｂに流す電流振幅を示し、Ｉ３は送電コイル１１ｃに流す電流振幅を示す。FIG. 10 is a graph for explaining the map. The horizontal axis indicates the size of the power receiving coil 21, and the vertical axis indicates the distance between the coils. The size of the power receiving coil 21 is indicated by the size of the diameter of the coil surface or the size of the area of the coil surface. “Coil 1” indicates the power transmission coil 11a, “Coil 2” indicates the power transmission coil 11b, and “Coil 3” indicates the power transmission coil 11c. I 1 indicates the current amplitude flowing through the power transmission coil 11a, I 2 indicates the current amplitude flowing through the power transmission coil 11b, and I 3 indicates the current amplitude flowing through the power transmission coil 11c.

例えば受電コイル２１の大きさ（面積）がＳａであり、コイル間距離がＧａである場合には、送電コイル１１ａ及び送電コイル１１ｂに電流を流し、電流振幅の比（Ｉ１：Ｉ２）は１対１となる。また、例えば受電コイル２１の大きさ（面積）がＳｂであり、コイル間距離がＧｂである場合には、送電コイル１１ｂ及び送電コイル１１ｃに電流を流し、電流振幅の比（Ｉ２：Ｉ３）は２対１となる。For example, when the size (area) of the power receiving coil 21 is Sa and the distance between the coils is Ga, a current is passed through the power transmitting coil 11a and the power transmitting coil 11b, and the current amplitude ratio (I 1 : I 2 ) is One to one. Further, for example, when the size (area) of the power receiving coil 21 is Sb and the distance between the coils is Gb, a current is passed through the power transmission coil 11b and the power transmission coil 11c, and the current amplitude ratio (I 2 : I 3 ) Is 2 to 1.

そして、マップに基づいて選択された複数の送電コイル１１а〜１１ｃに、設定された電流振幅で電流が流れると、選択された複数の送電コイル１１а〜１１ｃが励磁する。さらに、励磁されたコイルの合成コイルと受電コイル２１との間には、式（３）が成立するため、励磁されたコイルの合成コイルのコイル面積がＳ１で表わされる。When a current flows with a set current amplitude in the plurality of power transmission coils 11a to 11c selected based on the map, the selected plurality of power transmission coils 11a to 11c are excited. Furthermore, between the synthetic coil and the receiving coil 21 of the exciter coils, for formula (3) is satisfied, the coil area of the composite coils of the exciting coils is represented by S 1.

制御器１５は、受電コイル検出部１７を用いて受電コイル２１の大きさとコイル間距離を検出し、マップを参照して、検出結果（受電コイル２１の大きさとコイル間距離）に対応する選択コイル及び電流振幅を演算する。制御器１５は、選択したコイルに対応する振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃを動作させて、選択しないコイルに対応する振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃを停止させる。そして、制御器１５は、演算した振幅比になるように、振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃ及びインバータ１４を制御して、選択した送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃに対して、演算した電流振幅比の電流を流す。これにより、制御器１５は、受電コイル２１のコイル面の面積、及び、送電コイル間の距離に応じて、複数の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのうち励磁させるコイルを励磁コイルとして選択し、電源３０から励磁コイルに出力される電力を制御している。   The controller 15 detects the size of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils using the power receiving coil detector 17 and refers to the map to select a coil corresponding to the detection result (the size of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils). And the current amplitude is calculated. The controller 15 operates the amplitude adjustment circuits 13a to 13c corresponding to the selected coil, and stops the amplitude adjustment circuits 13a to 13c corresponding to the coils that are not selected. Then, the controller 15 controls the amplitude adjustment circuits 13a to 13c and the inverter 14 so that the calculated amplitude ratio is obtained, and causes the current having the calculated current amplitude ratio to flow through the selected power transmission coils 11a to 11c. . Thereby, the controller 15 selects the coil to be excited as the exciting coil among the plurality of power transmitting coils 11 a to 11 c according to the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the power transmitting coils, and from the power source 30. The power output to the exciting coil is controlled.

次に、制御器１５及び受電コイル検出部１７の制御フローを、図１１を用いて説明する。図１１は制御器１５及び受電コイル検出部１７の制御フローを示すフローチャートである。なお、図１１の制御フローは、車両の進入を検出してから、給電を開始するまでの制御フローである。   Next, the control flow of the controller 15 and the receiving coil detection part 17 is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a control flow of the controller 15 and the receiving coil detector 17. Note that the control flow in FIG. 11 is a control flow from the detection of vehicle entry to the start of power supply.

ステップＳ１にて、受電コイル検出部１７は、通信器１８を用いて、受電コイル２１の位置を検出することで、地上側ユニットを備えた駐車スペースに車両の進入があったか否かを判定する。車両の進入があった場合には、受電コイル検出部１７は起動信号を制御器１５に送信し、制御器１５は当該起動信号を受信することでメインのシステムを起動させる。   In step S <b> 1, the power receiving coil detection unit 17 detects the position of the power receiving coil 21 using the communication device 18, thereby determining whether or not a vehicle has entered the parking space provided with the ground side unit. When the vehicle enters, the power receiving coil detection unit 17 transmits an activation signal to the controller 15, and the controller 15 activates the main system by receiving the activation signal.

ステップＳ３にて、制御器１５は受電コイル検出部１７を用いて、受電コイル２１の大きさを検出する。ステップＳ４にて、制御器１５は受電コイル検出部１７を用いて、コイル間距離を検出する。ステップＳ５にて、制御器１５はメモリ１６に記録されているマップを参照しつつ、検出した受電コイル２１の大きさ及びコイル間距離に応じて、励磁するコイルを選択する。励磁するコイルは実際に電流を流すコイルである。ステップＳ６にて、制御器１５はメモリ１６に記録されているマップを参照しつつ、検出した受電コイル２１の大きさ及びコイル間距離に応じて、励磁するコイルの電流振幅比を設定する。ステップＳ８にて、制御器１５は、設定した電流振幅比の電流が励磁させるコイル（選択コイル）に流れるように、振幅調整回路１３ａ〜１３ｃ及びインバータ１４を制御して、給電を開始する。そして、図１１に示す制御フローが終了する。   In step S <b> 3, the controller 15 detects the size of the power receiving coil 21 using the power receiving coil detection unit 17. In step S <b> 4, the controller 15 detects the inter-coil distance using the receiving coil detection unit 17. In step S5, the controller 15 selects a coil to be excited according to the detected size of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils while referring to the map recorded in the memory 16. The coil to be excited is a coil that actually flows current. In step S6, the controller 15 sets the current amplitude ratio of the coil to be excited according to the detected size of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils while referring to the map recorded in the memory 16. In step S <b> 8, the controller 15 controls the amplitude adjustment circuits 13 a to 13 c and the inverter 14 so that a current having a set current amplitude ratio flows through the coil to be excited (selection coil), and starts power feeding. Then, the control flow shown in FIG. 11 ends.

上記のように、本例は、受電コイル２１を検出しつつ、受電コイル２１のコイル面の面積、及び、コイル間の距離に応じて、複数の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのうち励磁させるコイルを励磁コイルとして選択し、電源３０から励磁コイルに出力される電力を制御している。これにより、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃから発生した磁束の広がりを考慮した上で、受電コイル２１のコイル面の面積に対して最適な送電コイル面積を設定できるので、送受電コイル間の結合係数を高めることができる。   As described above, in this example, while detecting the power receiving coil 21, the coil to be excited among the plurality of power transmitting coils 11a to 11c is excited according to the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils. It is selected as a coil, and the power output from the power supply 30 to the exciting coil is controlled. As a result, an optimum power transmission coil area can be set with respect to the area of the coil surface of the power reception coil 21 in consideration of the spread of the magnetic flux generated from the power transmission coils 11a to 11c, so that the coupling coefficient between the power transmission and reception coils is increased. be able to.

一般的に、非接触給電システムを電子機器等の用途に用いる場合には、給電電力が数Ｗ以下であり、コイル間のギャップの変動に対して、損失よりも安定した出力性能が求められる。そのためコイル間の効率が４０〜５０％程度であっても、十分に成立する。一方、電気自動車等の移動体に非接触給電システムを適用した場合には、数ｋＷ以上の給電電力が求められる。例えば、負荷２３に含まれるバッテリの電池容量が２４ｋＷｈである場合には、３ｋＷの給電で８時間を必要とする。そのため、損失が大きい場合には、給電させる際の出力を上げることになり、コイルの温度が高くなり、長時間の連続給電に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。また、コイル温度を下げる冷却設備が必要となるため、システムのコスト増となり、また装置の大型化にもなる。   In general, when a non-contact power supply system is used for applications such as electronic devices, the power supply is several W or less, and output performance that is more stable than loss is required for fluctuations in the gap between coils. Therefore, even if the efficiency between the coils is about 40 to 50%, it is sufficiently established. On the other hand, when a non-contact power supply system is applied to a moving body such as an electric vehicle, a power supply of several kW or more is required. For example, when the battery capacity of the battery included in the load 23 is 24 kWh, 8 hours are required for power supply of 3 kW. For this reason, when the loss is large, the output when power is supplied is increased, and the temperature of the coil becomes high, which may affect continuous power supply for a long time. Further, since a cooling facility for lowering the coil temperature is required, the cost of the system increases and the size of the apparatus increases.

さらに、電気自動車等に対して電力を供給する場合には、地上側のユニットは、様々な車種に対応することが求められる。すなわち、受電コイル２１の位置及びコイル間の距離は、車種によって異なるため、送電側ユニットが１つの充電器コイルの位置及び大きさのみを想定して設計されると、位置または大きさが変わった場合に、送電効率が低下する。   Furthermore, when supplying electric power to an electric vehicle or the like, the ground side unit is required to support various vehicle types. In other words, since the position of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils differ depending on the vehicle type, the position or size has changed when the power transmission side unit is designed assuming only the position and size of one charger coil. In this case, the power transmission efficiency decreases.

また、あらゆる受電コイル２１に対応するためには、送電コイルの数を多くして、受電コイルのコイル面の大きさとコイル間距離に応じて、適切なサイズのコイルが１つだけ選択できるような構成も考えられる。しかしながら、多くの車種に対応させるためには、送電コイルの数が膨大になってしまう。   Further, in order to deal with any power receiving coil 21, the number of power transmitting coils is increased so that only one coil having an appropriate size can be selected according to the size of the coil surface of the power receiving coil and the distance between the coils. Configuration is also conceivable. However, in order to cope with many vehicle types, the number of power transmission coils becomes enormous.

本例は、複数の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃを少ない個数で構成しつつ、受電コイルのコイル面の大きさとコイル間距離に応じて、適切なコイル面の大きさの送電コイルとなるように、合成コイルを形成している。そのため、受電コイル２１の大きさ等が異なる場合でも、送電効率を高い状態で保つことができる。その結果として、コイル温度の上昇も抑制できる。さらに、送電コイルの数が少ない分、地上側ユニットの小型化及びコスト減を実現できる。   In this example, a plurality of power transmission coils 11a to 11c are configured with a small number, and in accordance with the size of the coil surface of the power receiving coil and the distance between the coils, the power transmission coil having an appropriate coil surface size is combined. A coil is formed. Therefore, even when the size of the power receiving coil 21 is different, the power transmission efficiency can be kept high. As a result, an increase in coil temperature can also be suppressed. Furthermore, since the number of power transmission coils is small, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the ground unit.

また本発明は、励磁する送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃと受電コイルとの間で、式（３）の関係式を満たすように、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃに流す電流を制御している。これにより、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのコイル面の面積が、受電コイル２１のコイル面に対して最適な面積になるため、コイル間の結合係数を高めることができる。   Moreover, this invention controls the electric current sent through the power transmission coil 11a-11c so that the relational expression of Formula (3) may be satisfy | filled between the power transmission coil 11a-11c and the receiving coil to excite. Thereby, since the area of the coil surface of power transmission coil 11a-11c becomes an optimal area with respect to the coil surface of the receiving coil 21, the coupling coefficient between coils can be raised.

また本例は、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃにうち選択した複数のコイルに、同時に電力を供給する。これにより、複数の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃによる磁束を合成して、磁束分布を、最適なコイル面積をもつコイルに近づけることができるので、コイル間の結合係数を高めることができる。   In this example, power is simultaneously supplied to a plurality of coils selected among the power transmission coils 11a to 11c. Thereby, since the magnetic flux by several power transmission coil 11a-11c is synthesize | combined and magnetic flux distribution can be approximated to the coil with an optimal coil area, the coupling coefficient between coils can be raised.

また本例は、受電コイル２１のコイル面の面積及びコイル間距離に応じて、複数の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃに流す電流の振幅を設定する。これにより、複数の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃによる磁束を合成して、磁束分布を、最適なコイル面積をもつコイルに近づけることができるので、コイル間の結合係数を高めることができる。   Moreover, this example sets the amplitude of the electric current sent through the some power transmission coil 11a-11c according to the area of the coil surface of the receiving coil 21, and the distance between coils. Thereby, since the magnetic flux by several power transmission coil 11a-11c is synthesize | combined and magnetic flux distribution can be approximated to the coil with an optimal coil area, the coupling coefficient between coils can be raised.

また本例の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、コイル面の法線方向から見たときに互いのコイル面が重なる位置に配置されている。これにより、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃと受電コイル２１が正対した場合には、どの送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃに電流を流しても、受電コイル２１に対して磁束を送ることができるので、コイル間の結合係数を高めることができる。   Further, the power transmission coils 11a to 11c of this example are arranged at positions where the coil surfaces overlap each other when viewed from the normal direction of the coil surfaces. Thereby, when the power transmission coils 11a to 11c and the power reception coil 21 face each other, the magnetic flux can be sent to the power reception coil 21 regardless of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c. The coupling coefficient can be increased.

また本例では、バッテリ情報（ＳＯＣ：Ｓｔａｔｅ ｏｆ Ｃｈａｒｇｅ等）を送信するための通信器１８、２８を用いて、受電コイル２１の情報を送信している。そのため、受電コイル２１のコイル情報を送信するために専用の通信機を別途設けなくてもよい。   Moreover, in this example, the information of the receiving coil 21 is transmitted using the communication devices 18 and 28 for transmitting battery information (SOC: State of Charge, etc.). Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a dedicated communication device for transmitting the coil information of the power receiving coil 21.

なお、本例は、受電コイル２１のコイル面の面積及びコイル間距離に応じて、電流振幅比を設定したが、電流振幅の代わりに、電流位相を設定してもよい。   In this example, the current amplitude ratio is set according to the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils, but the current phase may be set instead of the current amplitude.

なお、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ又は受電コイル２１ｃのコイル面の面積について、図１２（ａ）に示すように、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ又は受電コイル２１ｃがループ状のコイルである場合には、図１２（ａ）の円Ｐで囲った部分がコイル面の面積となる。一方、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ又は受電コイル２１ｃがソレノイド型である場合には、図１２（ａ）の矩形Ｑで囲った部分がコイル面の面積となる。   In addition, about the area of the coil surface of the power transmission coils 11a-11c or the receiving coil 21c, as shown to Fig.12 (a), when the power transmission coils 11a-11c or the receiving coil 21c are loop coils, FIG. The area surrounded by the circle P in (a) is the area of the coil surface. On the other hand, when the power transmission coils 11a to 11c or the power reception coil 21c are of a solenoid type, the area surrounded by the rectangle Q in FIG.

上記の受電コイル検出部１７が本発明の「受電コイル検出手段」に相当し、制御器１５が本発明の「制御手段」に相当する。   The power receiving coil detector 17 corresponds to “power receiving coil detector” of the present invention, and the controller 15 corresponds to “controller” of the present invention.

《第２実施形態》
図１３、１４は、発明の他の実施形態に係る非接触給電システムのコイル形状を説明するための図である。本例では上述した第１実施形態に対して、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃの形状が異なる。これ以外の構成は上述した第１実施形態と同じであり、その記載を援用する。<< Second Embodiment >>
13 and 14 are diagrams for explaining the coil shape of the non-contact power feeding system according to another embodiment of the invention. In this example, the shapes of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c are different from those of the first embodiment described above. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, and the description thereof is incorporated.

図１３は送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ及び受電コイル２１の平面図を示し、図１４は送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ及び受電コイル２１の側面図を示す。なお図１３の矢印は車両の進行方向を示している。   FIG. 13 shows a plan view of the power transmission coils 11 a to 11 c and the power reception coil 21, and FIG. 14 shows a side view of the power transmission coils 11 a to 11 c and the power reception coil 21. In addition, the arrow of FIG. 13 has shown the advancing direction of the vehicle.

送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは矩形状のコイルである。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのＹ方向の長さは、受電コイル２１の直径（５００ｍｍ）より少し長い程度であって、送電コイル１１ａの長さ（Ｄ１ａ）が５５０ｍｍ、送電コイル１１ｂの長さ（Ｄ１ｂ）が６００ｍｍ、送電コイル１１ｃの長さ（Ｄ１ｃ）が７００ｍｍである。一方、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのＹ方向の長さは、受電コイル２１の直径（５００ｍｍ）よりも随分長い。コイル間距離（Ｇ）は２００ｍｍである。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのコイル面は、矩形状で囲われる部分である。The power transmission coils 11a to 11c are rectangular coils. The lengths of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c in the Y direction are slightly longer than the diameter (500 mm) of the power reception coil 21, and the length (D 1a ) of the power transmission coil 11a is 550 mm, and the length of the power transmission coil 11b (D 1b ) is 600 mm, and the length (D 1c ) of the power transmission coil 11c is 700 mm. On the other hand, the length of the power transmission coils 11 a to 11 c in the Y direction is considerably longer than the diameter (500 mm) of the power reception coil 21. The distance (G) between the coils is 200 mm. The coil surfaces of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c are portions surrounded by a rectangular shape.

制御器１５は、第１実施形態と同様に、受電コイル２１を検出しつつ、受電コイル２１のコイル面の面積、及び、コイル間の距離に応じて、複数の送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのうち励磁させるコイルを励磁コイルとして選択し、電源３０から励磁コイルに出力される電力を制御している。   Similarly to the first embodiment, the controller 15 detects the power receiving coil 21 and excites the power transmitting coils 11a to 11c according to the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil 21 and the distance between the coils. The coil to be operated is selected as the exciting coil, and the power output from the power supply 30 to the exciting coil is controlled.

走行中の車両に対して非接触で電力を供給するためには、ループ状の複数の送電コイル１が、車両の進行方向に沿って並べるような構成も考えられる。このとき、受電コイルは、車両の速度より、時速数十km〜百kmで移動することになる。そのため、受電コイルが車両の進行方向に並べられたコイルを通過する時間は、数十ミリ秒〜百数十ミリ秒となり、この時間で通電コイルを切り替えなければ、受電コイルは連続した磁界を受け取ることができない。ゆえに、このようなシステム構成では、インフラコストが膨大になってしまう。   In order to supply electric power to a traveling vehicle in a non-contact manner, a configuration in which a plurality of loop-shaped power transmission coils 1 are arranged along the traveling direction of the vehicle is also conceivable. At this time, the power receiving coil moves at a speed of several tens to hundreds of kilometers per hour from the speed of the vehicle. Therefore, the time required for the power receiving coil to pass through the coils arranged in the traveling direction of the vehicle is several tens of milliseconds to one hundred and several tens of milliseconds. If the energizing coil is not switched at this time, the power receiving coil receives a continuous magnetic field. I can't. Therefore, in such a system configuration, the infrastructure cost becomes enormous.

実施形態２に係るシステムでは、車両の進行方向のコイル長が、車両の幅方向のコイル長さに対して、十分長くすることで、コストと給電性能のバランスを図ることができる。そして、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃの幅（Ｄ１ａ、Ｄ１ｂ、Ｄ１ｃ）は、第１実施形態に係る送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのコイル面の直径（Ｄ１ａ、Ｄ１ｂ、Ｄ１ｃ）と同様に決めつつ、受電コイルのコイル面の面積及びコイル間距離に応じて、励磁するコイルが選択に切り替えられ、電流振幅が設定される。これにより、走行する移動体に対して給電するシステムにおいても、送受電コイル間の結合係数を高めることができる。In the system according to the second embodiment, the coil length in the traveling direction of the vehicle is sufficiently longer than the coil length in the width direction of the vehicle, so that the balance between cost and power feeding performance can be achieved. Then, the width of the power transmission coil 11a~11c (D 1a, D 1b, D 1c) , the diameter of the coil plane of the power transmission coils 11 a to 11 c according to the first embodiment (D 1a, D 1b, D 1c) as well as While deciding, the coil to be excited is switched to selection according to the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil and the distance between the coils, and the current amplitude is set. Thereby, also in the system which supplies electric power to the moving mobile body, the coupling coefficient between the power transmitting and receiving coils can be increased.

《第３実施形態》
図１５、１６は、発明の他の実施形態に係る非接触給電システムのコイル形状を説明するための図である。本例では上述した第１実施形態に対して、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃの形状が異なる。これ以外の構成は上述した第１実施形態と同じであり、その記載を援用する。<< Third Embodiment >>
15 and 16 are diagrams for explaining the coil shape of the non-contact power feeding system according to another embodiment of the invention. In this example, the shapes of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c are different from those of the first embodiment described above. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, and the description thereof is incorporated.

送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、コイル面をＸＹ平面と平行になるように、走行路面に設けられている。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、Ｚ方向に重ねて配置されている。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃの大きさについて、車両の進行方向であるＸ方向への長さは受電コイル２１のＸ方向の長さ（Ｄ２）と比較して十分に長く、Ｙ方向への長さは、受電コイル２１のＹ方向の長さ（Ｄ２）より少し長い。The power transmission coils 11a to 11c are provided on the traveling road surface so that the coil surfaces are parallel to the XY plane. The power transmission coils 11a to 11c are arranged so as to overlap in the Z direction. About the size of the power transmission coils 11 a to 11 c, the length in the X direction which is the traveling direction of the vehicle is sufficiently long compared the length of the X direction of the power receiving coil 21 and (D 2), the length of the Y-direction Is slightly longer than the length (D 2 ) of the power receiving coil 21 in the Y direction.

送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、導線を曲げることでループ状のコイルを複数有している。そして、ループ状のコイルの面積は、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃ毎で異なるように形成されており、送電コイル１１ｃのコイル面の面積が最も大きい。   The power transmission coils 11a to 11c have a plurality of loop coils by bending a conducting wire. And the area of a loop-shaped coil is formed so that it may differ for every power transmission coil 11a-11c, and the area of the coil surface of the power transmission coil 11c is the largest.

また、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃは、ＸＹ平面において導線を交差させて、交差した部分を境に複数のループ状のコイルを形成している。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのピッチ長（Ｄ１ａ、Ｄ１ｃ、Ｄ１ｃ）はそれぞれ異なっており、送電コイル１１ａのピッチ長（Ｄ１ａ）が最も短い。また、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのピッチ長（Ｄ１ａ、Ｄ１ｃ、Ｄ１ｃ）は、導線交差した部分（交差した点）の間隔にも相当する。送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのＹ方向の長さは、対応するピッチ長（Ｄ１ａ、Ｄ１ｃ、Ｄ１ｃ）とそれぞれ等しい。In addition, the power transmission coils 11a to 11c intersect the conductive wires in the XY plane, and form a plurality of loop-shaped coils with the intersected portions as boundaries. The pitch lengths (D 1a , D 1c , D 1c ) of the power transmission coils 11 a to 11 c are different, and the pitch length (D 1a ) of the power transmission coil 11 a is the shortest. Further, the pitch lengths (D 1a , D 1c , D 1c ) of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c also correspond to the interval between the conductor crossing portions (intersection points). The length of the power transmission coils 11a to 11c in the Y direction is equal to the corresponding pitch length (D 1a , D 1c , D 1c ).

そして、隣り合うループ状のコイルについて、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのうち、制御器１５により選択されたコイルに交流電流が流れると、隣接するループ状コイルのうち一方のコイルには交流電流が時計回りに流れ、他方のコイルには交流電流が反時計回りに流れる。すなわちｘ方向で隣り合うループ状のコイルにおいて、ループ状に流れる交流電流の導通方向は、交差した部分を境に、互いに逆方向になっている。   And when an alternating current flows into the coil selected by the controller 15 among the power transmission coils 11a to 11c in the adjacent loop-shaped coils, the alternating current is clockwise in one of the adjacent loop-shaped coils. AC current flows counterclockwise through the other coil. In other words, in the loop-shaped coils adjacent in the x direction, the conduction directions of the alternating current flowing in the loop shape are opposite to each other at the intersecting portion.

第２実施形態と同様に、本例のシステムでは、車両の進行方向のコイル長が、車両の幅方向のコイル長さに対して、十分長くすることで、コストと給電性能のバランスを図ることができる。   Similar to the second embodiment, in the system of this example, the coil length in the traveling direction of the vehicle is sufficiently longer than the coil length in the width direction of the vehicle, thereby achieving a balance between cost and power supply performance. Can do.

図１５に示すような、コイル線を交差させるコイル（ラダーコイル）では、隣接する交叉ループ間で磁界が逆向きになるため、漏洩磁界も低減できる。そして、ピッチ長を短くすれば、隣同士でより磁界がキャンセルし易くなり、漏洩磁界は低減できる。しかしながら、ピッチ長は所定の長さ以下なると、結合係数も小さくなる点を考慮しなければならない。   In a coil (ladder coil) that crosses coil wires as shown in FIG. 15, the magnetic field is reversed between adjacent crossing loops, so that the leakage magnetic field can also be reduced. And if pitch length is shortened, it will become easier to cancel a magnetic field adjacent and a leakage magnetic field can be reduced. However, it must be considered that when the pitch length is less than or equal to the predetermined length, the coupling coefficient also decreases.

以下、図１７、図１８を用いて、ピッチ長と結合係数との関係について説明する。図１７は送電コイル１１ｃ及び受電コイル２１の斜視図を示し、図１８はピッチ長に対する結合係数の特性を、コイル間距離（Ｇ）毎で示したグラフである。なお、送電コイル１１ｃのＸ方向の長さは５ｍ、Ｙ方向の長さは０．７ｍとし、受電コイル２１を０．５ｍ四方の矩形状のコイルとする。   Hereinafter, the relationship between the pitch length and the coupling coefficient will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18. FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the power transmission coil 11c and the power reception coil 21, and FIG. 18 is a graph showing the characteristics of the coupling coefficient with respect to the pitch length for each inter-coil distance (G). The length of the power transmission coil 11c in the X direction is 5 m, the length in the Y direction is 0.7 m, and the power receiving coil 21 is a rectangular coil of 0.5 m square.

図１８に示すように、結合係数は、ピッチ長に対して、ある１点でピーク値をととり、ピッチ長が、ピークをとるピッチ長より小さくなると、結合係数は急激に減少する。すなわち、図１８に示す特性から分かるように、図１７に示すラダーコイルにおいて、コイル面の面積が一定以上あったとしても、ピッチ長はある程度の長さを必要とする。   As shown in FIG. 18, the coupling coefficient takes a peak value at a certain point with respect to the pitch length, and when the pitch length becomes smaller than the peak pitch length, the coupling coefficient rapidly decreases. That is, as can be seen from the characteristics shown in FIG. 18, the pitch length of the ladder coil shown in FIG. 17 requires a certain length even if the area of the coil surface exceeds a certain value.

そして、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのピッチ長（Ｄ１ａ、Ｄ１ｂ、Ｄ１ｃ）は、第１実施形態に係る送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのコイル面の直径（Ｄ１ａ、Ｄ１ｂ、Ｄ１ｃ）と同様に決めつつ、受電コイルのコイル面の面積及びコイル間距離に応じて、励磁するコイルが選択に切り替えられ、電流振幅が設定される。これにより、走行する移動体に対して給電するシステムにおいても、送受電コイル間の結合係数を高めることができる。The power transmission pitch length of the coil 11a~11c (D 1a, D 1b, D 1c) , the diameter of the coil plane of the power transmission coils 11 a to 11 c according to the first embodiment (D 1a, D 1b, D 1c) similar to In accordance with the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil and the distance between the coils, the coil to be excited is switched to selection and the current amplitude is set. Thereby, also in the system which supplies electric power to the moving mobile body, the coupling coefficient between the power transmitting and receiving coils can be increased.

なお、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃのコイル面の面積について、図１９に示すように、送電コイル１１ａ〜１１ｃがラダーコイルである場合には、図１９の矩形Ｒで囲った部分がコイル面の面積となる。   In addition, about the area of the coil surface of power transmission coil 11a-11c, as shown in FIG. 19, when power transmission coil 11a-11c is a ladder coil, the part enclosed by the rectangle R of FIG. Become.

１０…給電装置
１１ａ〜１１ｃ…送電コイル
１２ａ〜１２ｃ…共振コンデンサ
１３ａ〜１３ｃ…振幅調整回路
１４…インバータ
１５…制御器
１６…メモリ
１７…受電コイル検出部
１８…通信器
２１…受電コイルDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Power feeder 11a-11c ... Power transmission coil 12a-12c ... Resonance capacitor 13a-13c ... Amplitude adjustment circuit 14 ... Inverter 15 ... Controller 16 ... Memory 17 ... Power receiving coil detection part 18 ... Communication device 21 ... Power receiving coil

Claims (4)

受電コイルに対して、少なくとも磁気的な作用により非接触で電力を供給する非接触給電装置において、
コイル面を互いに平行な位置に配置しつつ、前記コイル面の面積が異なる複数の送電コイルと、
前記受電コイルを検出する受電コイル検出手段と、
前記受電コイル検出手段の検出結果に基づいて、電源から励磁コイルに出力される電力を制御する制御手段とを備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記受電コイルのコイル面の面積、及び、前記受電コイルと前記送電コイルとの間の距離に応じて、前記複数の送電コイルのうち励磁させるコイルを前記励磁コイルとして選択し、
前記励磁コイルと前記受電コイルとの間は
Figure 0006149209
の関係式を満たす
ことを特徴とする非接触給電装置。
ただし、
Ｓ１は前記励磁コイルを合成した合成コイルのコイル面の面積を示し、
Ｓ２は前記受電コイルのコイル面の面積を示し、
Ｇは前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの間の距離を示し、
θは２１°以上から２５°以下までの間とする。In the non-contact power feeding device that supplies power to the power receiving coil in a non-contact manner by at least magnetic action,
A plurality of power transmission coils having different areas of the coil surface while arranging the coil surfaces in parallel to each other;
A receiving coil detecting means for detecting the receiving coil;
Control means for controlling the power output from the power source to the exciting coil based on the detection result of the power receiving coil detecting means;
The control means includes
In accordance with the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil and the distance between the power receiving coil and the power transmitting coil, a coil to be excited among the plurality of power transmitting coils is selected as the exciting coil,
Between the exciting coil and the receiving coil
Figure 0006149209
The non-contact electric power feeder characterized by satisfy | filling the relational expression.
However,
S 1 indicates the area of the coil surface of the combined coil obtained by combining the exciting coils,
S 2 represents the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil,
G indicates a distance between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil;
θ is between 21 ° and 25 °. 受電コイルに対して、少なくとも磁気的な作用により非接触で電力を供給する非接触給電装置において、
コイル面を互いに平行な位置に配置しつつ、前記コイル面の面積が異なる複数の送電コイルと、
前記受電コイルを検出する受電コイル検出手段と、
前記受電コイル検出手段の検出結果に基づいて、電源から励磁コイルに出力される電力を制御する制御手段とを備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記受電コイルのコイル面の面積、及び、前記受電コイルと前記送電コイルとの間の距離に応じて、励磁コイルを合成した合成コイルが形成されるように、前記複数の送電コイルのうち励磁させるコイルを前記励磁コイルとして選択し、かつ、前記電源から複数の前記励磁コイルに流す電流の振幅又は位相を設定し、
前記励磁コイルの選択及び前記複数の励磁コイルに流す電流の設定により、前記合成コイルのコイル面の面積を変更可能とした
ことを特徴とする非接触給電装置。In the non-contact power feeding device that supplies power to the power receiving coil in a non-contact manner by at least magnetic action,
A plurality of power transmission coils having different areas of the coil surface while arranging the coil surfaces in parallel to each other;
A receiving coil detecting means for detecting the receiving coil;
Control means for controlling the power output from the power source to the exciting coil based on the detection result of the power receiving coil detecting means;
The control means includes
According to the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil and the distance between the power receiving coil and the power transmitting coil, excitation is performed among the plurality of power transmitting coils so as to form a combined coil obtained by combining the exciting coils. Selecting a coil as the exciting coil, and setting the amplitude or phase of the current flowing from the power source to the plurality of exciting coils,
The contactless power feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the area of the coil surface of the composite coil can be changed by selecting the excitation coil and setting a current to be passed through the plurality of excitation coils. 請求項１又は２記載の非接触給電装置において、
前記制御手段は、
前記電源から複数の前記励磁コイルに同時に電力を出力する
ことを特徴とする非接触給電装置。In the non-contact electric power feeder of Claim 1 or 2,
The control means includes
A non-contact power feeding apparatus that outputs power from the power source to the plurality of exciting coils simultaneously. 請求項１に記載の非接触給電装置において、
前記制御手段は、
前記受電コイルのコイル面の面積、及び、前記受電コイルと前記送電コイルとの間の距離に応じて、前記電源から複数の前記励磁コイルに流す電流の振幅又は位相を設定する
ことを特徴とする非接触給電装置。The contactless power supply device according to claim 1,
The control means includes
The amplitude or phase of the current flowing from the power source to the plurality of exciting coils is set according to the area of the coil surface of the power receiving coil and the distance between the power receiving coil and the power transmitting coil. Non-contact power supply device.
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