JP5754154B2 - Virtual image display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a virtual image display device such as a head mounted display that is used by being mounted on a head.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, various types of virtual image display devices capable of forming and observing virtual images such as a head-mounted display have been proposed that guide image light from a display element to an observer's pupil using a light guide plate.

  In such a virtual image display device, a see-through optical system has been proposed to superimpose image light and external light (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  However, in the apparatus described in Patent Document 1 and the like, see-through is realized by a pupil division method using a light guide optical system smaller than the pupil size, so it is difficult to increase the display size of the virtual image. In addition, since a light guide optical system smaller than the pupil size is used, an effective pupil diameter (a light-collecting diameter that enables capturing of a virtual image, also referred to as an eye ring diameter) is increased in order to cope with human individual eye widths. Difficult to do. In addition, since the exit opening and the housing of the light guide optical system are physically disposed near the pupil, a blind spot is generated and it cannot be said that the see-through is complete.

  There is an optical system for a head-mounted display that includes a light guide pipe that can advance a plurality of light modes having different light guide angles (see Patent Document 3). In such an optical system, it is conceivable to make a see-through display device by devising such that the third optical surface on the emission side is a half mirror and the transmitted light of the third optical surface goes straight.

  However, in the optical system of Patent Document 3, the liquid crystal panel is illuminated with collimated light set at different incident angles for each light mode on the premise that images in a plurality of light modes are displaced from each other. Then, the display contents are changed in each light mode and the display in each light mode is executed sequentially, so that images in the respective light modes are connected to obtain an entire image. In this case, the central image and the left and right images constituting the entire image must be displayed while being changed with a time difference by one liquid crystal panel, which complicates the virtual image display device and darkens the observation image.

  Apart from the above, a virtual image display device that enables observation of a virtual image superimposed on external light by a light guide member having a light emitting part that covers the front of the eye, which does not need to join images with a time difference However, it is not easy to display a large image, and color spots and luminance spots are likely to appear on the image.

JP 2006-3879 A JP 2010-224473 A JP 2008-535001 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the background art, and an object thereof is to provide a virtual image display device capable of obtaining a high-quality virtual image by suppressing color spots and the like caused by an optical system such as a lens. And

In order to solve the above problems, a virtual image display device according to the present invention is
(A) an image display device for forming image light;
(B) a projection optical system that Isa leaving the image light emitted from the image display device,
(C) a light guide unit, a light incident unit for causing the image light emitted from the projection optical system to enter the light guide unit, and a light emission for emitting the image light guided by the light guide unit to the outside. A light guide device that enables observation of the image light through the light emitting unit,
(D) a depolarizing element that is disposed between the position of the light exit surface of the projection optical system and the position of the pupil of the observer who observes the image light, and reduces the polarization tendency of the passing light. Virtual image display device. Here, the polarization tendency of light indicates the degree of uneven polarization state in a specific light beam cross section. That is, the state in which various polarizations are uniformly mixed is assumed to have the lowest polarization tendency, and the state having only a polarization component in a specific direction is assumed to have the highest polarization tendency.

In the virtual image display device, the depolarizing element is disposed between the position of the light exit surface of the projection optical system and the position of the pupil of the observer observing the image light, and any of the optical elements disposed in the virtual image display device. Since the polarization tendency caused by the influence of birefringence is reduced, an image in which color spots caused by the polarization tendency are suppressed can be displayed to the observer. Thereby, the virtual image displayed with a virtual image display apparatus can be made into a high quality thing.

  In a specific aspect of the present invention, the depolarizing element is disposed at least between the light exit surface of the projection optical system and the light incident portion of the light guide device. In this case, even if the optical element constituting the projection optical system has birefringence, the polarization tendency of the light beam can be reduced or eliminated by the depolarization element.

  In another aspect of the present invention, the depolarizing element is disposed at least from the light emitting unit of the light guide device to the position of the pupil of the observer who observes the image light. In this case, even if any one of the optical elements arranged from the projection optical system to the light guide device has birefringence, the polarization tendency of the light beam can be reduced or eliminated by the depolarization element.

  In still another aspect of the invention, the depolarizing element is disposed at least between the light exit surface of the image display device and the light exit surface of the projection optical system. In this case, even if one of the optical elements arranged from the projection optical system to the light guide device has the birefringence, the polarization tendency of the light beam can be reduced or eliminated by the depolarization element. In this case, the depolarizing element can be made relatively small.

  In still another aspect of the present invention, the depolarizing element includes a birefringent material. In this case, the polarization tendency of light can be reduced or eliminated by birefringence that cancels the polarization tendency.

  In still another aspect of the present invention, the birefringent material is at least one of crystal and sapphire, a laminate of stretched films, and an inorganic material deposited on a transparent substrate. Including.

  In yet another aspect of the present invention, at least one of the optical elements arranged on the optical path from the position on the light emitting side of the image display device to the position on the light emitting side of the light emitting portion of the light guide device is polarized light. Reduces the polarization tendency of light passing as a canceling element. In this case, since the optical element functions as a depolarizing element, the polarization tendency of light passing through the optical element can be reduced or eliminated without providing a separate member.

  In still another aspect of the present invention, the image display device is a liquid crystal panel, and at least one of the projection optical system and the light guide device includes an optical element formed of a resin material. In this case, the image light formed by the image display device becomes polarized light, and the optical element tends to cause a polarization tendency in the image light, but can be easily manufactured by, for example, injection molding, and the weight of the entire device. Can be lightened.

  In still another aspect of the present invention, the light guide device includes a light guide member having a light guide part, a light incident part, and a light emitting part, and a light transmissive member that constitutes the transparent part by combining with the light guide member. Further prepare. In this case, see-through observation is possible through a see-through unit combining a light guide member and a light transmission member, and an external image can be superimposed on a virtual image and observed.

  In still another aspect of the present invention, (a) the light guide unit has a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface that are arranged in parallel to each other and enable light guide by total reflection, and (b) light incidence. The portion has a third reflecting surface that makes a predetermined angle with respect to the first reflecting surface, and (c) the light emitting portion has a fourth reflecting surface that makes a predetermined angle with respect to the first reflecting surface. In this virtual image display device, the image light reflected by the third reflecting surface of the light incident portion is propagated while being totally reflected by the first and second reflecting surfaces of the light guide portion, and is reflected by the fourth reflecting surface of the light emitting portion. Is incident on the eyes of the observer. In this case, the light guide member can be formed as a polyhedral block-shaped outer shape, and the light guide member can be observed with high accuracy.

  In still another aspect of the invention, the depolarizing element is provided along with at least one of the third reflecting surface and the fourth reflecting surface. In this case, since the light passes through the depolarization element twice due to reflection on the third reflection surface or the fourth reflection surface, the thickness of the depolarization element should be half that required for the design. Can do.

  In still another aspect of the present invention, the first portion regarding the number of reflections of the first image light emitted from the first partial region in the image display device in the light guide and the confinement direction in which the optical path is turned back by the reflection during the light guide. The number of reflections of the second image light emitted from the second partial region different from the region is different from each other. In this case, by using image light having a different number of reflections, it is possible to increase the angle width of the emission angle of the image light emitted from the light emitting unit. That is, image light from different partial areas in the image display device can be captured with a relatively wide viewing angle, and a large display size of the virtual image observed through the light emitting unit can be secured. By adopting a structure for extracting image light having different numbers of reflections in this way, the light emitting part can be enlarged so as to cover the pupil without making the light guide part too thick. The above confinement direction means a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first reflection surface and perpendicular to the intersection of the first reflection surface and the third reflection surface in the plate-like light guide. The confinement direction is upstream of the light incident portion on the optical path, that is, in the projection optical system or the like, parallel to the plane of the first reflecting surface and perpendicular to the intersection of the first reflecting surface and the third reflecting surface. It corresponds to the direction.

  In still another aspect of the invention, the confinement direction is parallel to a cross section including the first optical axis passing through the projection optical system and the normal line of the third reflecting surface. Image light from different positions with respect to the cross-sectional direction can be made to have a different number of reflections in the light guide portion by making the emission angle, that is, the incident angle to the light incident portion, different from each other.

  In still another aspect of the present invention, the light guide member is integrally formed by injection molding using a heat polymerization type resin material. In this case, weight reduction and safety can be improved by the resin, and the light guide member can be mass-produced with high accuracy by using injection molding technology, which is stable by thermosetting.

It is a perspective view which shows the virtual image display apparatus of 1st Embodiment. (A) is a top view of the main-body part of the 1st display apparatus which comprises a virtual image display apparatus, (B) is a front view of a main-body part. (A) is a figure explaining the structure of the 3rd reflective surface in the light-incidence part of a light guide member, (B) demonstrates the structure of the 1st, 2nd reflective surface in the light guide part of a light guide member. (C) is a figure explaining the structure of the 4th reflective surface in the light emission part of a light guide member. (A) is the conceptual diagram which expand | deployed the optical path regarding the vertical 1st direction, (B) is the conceptual diagram which expand | deployed the optical path regarding the horizontal 2nd direction. It is a top view explaining the optical path in the optical system of a virtual image display apparatus concretely. (A) shows the display surface of a liquid crystal display device, (B) is a figure explaining notionally the virtual image of the liquid crystal display device which an observer can see, (C) and (D) comprise a virtual image It is a figure explaining the partial image to do. It is a figure which shows the influence of the birefringence in the optical lens of a projection optical system. It is a figure for demonstrating the birefringence of a depolarizer. It is a top view of the 1st display which constitutes the virtual image display of a 2nd embodiment. It is a top view of the 1st display which constitutes the virtual image display of a 3rd embodiment. It is a top view of the 1st display which constitutes the virtual image display of a 4th embodiment. It is a top view of the 1st display apparatus which comprises the virtual image display apparatus of 5th Embodiment. (A) is a figure explaining the light guide state of the image light for demonstrating the virtual image display apparatus of a modification, (B) is a figure which illustrates notionally the virtual image of a liquid crystal display device.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a virtual image display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[A. Appearance of virtual image display device)
The virtual image display device 100 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a head-mounted display having an appearance like glasses, and allows an observer wearing the virtual image display device 100 to recognize image light due to a virtual image. In addition, it is possible to make the observer observe the outside world image with see-through. The virtual image display device 100 includes an optical panel 110 that covers the viewer's eyes, a frame 121 that supports the optical panel 110, and first and second drive units 131 and 132 that are added to a portion of the frame 121 from the end to the temple. With. Here, the optical panel 110 has a first panel portion 111 and a second panel portion 112, and both the panel portions 111 and 112 are plate-like parts integrally connected at the center. The first display device 100A in which the first panel portion 111 on the left side and the first drive unit 131 are combined in the drawing is a portion that forms a virtual image for the left eye, and functions alone as a virtual image display device. Further, the second display device 100B in which the second panel portion 112 on the right side and the second driving unit 132 in the drawing are combined is a portion that forms a virtual image for the right eye, and functions alone as a virtual image display device.

[B. Display device structure]
As shown in FIG. 2A and the like, the first display device 100A includes an image forming device 10, a light guide device 20, and a depolarizing element 50. Here, the image forming apparatus 10 corresponds to the first driving unit 131 in FIG. 1, and the light guide device 20 corresponds to the first panel portion 111 in FIG. Note that the second display device 100B shown in FIG. 1 has the same structure as the first display device 100A and is simply flipped left and right, and thus detailed description of the second display device 100B is omitted.

  The image forming apparatus 10 includes an image display device 11 and a projection optical system 12. Among these, the image display device 11 operates the illumination device 31 that emits the two-dimensional illumination light SL, the liquid crystal display device 32 that is a transmissive spatial light modulation device, and the operations of the illumination device 31 and the liquid crystal display device 32. And a drive control unit 34 for controlling.

  The illuminating device 31 includes a light source 31a that generates light including three colors of red, green, and blue, and a backlight light guide unit 31b that diffuses light from the light source 31a into a light beam having a rectangular cross section. The liquid crystal display device 32 that is a liquid crystal panel spatially modulates the illumination light SL from the illumination device 31 to form image light to be displayed such as a moving image. The drive control unit 34 includes a light source drive circuit 34a and a liquid crystal drive circuit 34b. The light source driving circuit 34a supplies electric power to the light source 31a of the lighting device 31 to emit the illumination light SL having a stable luminance. The liquid crystal driving circuit 34b outputs an image signal or a driving signal to the liquid crystal display device 32, thereby forming color image light that is a source of a moving image or a still image as a transmittance pattern. The liquid crystal driving circuit 34b can have an image processing function, but an external control circuit can also have an image processing function. The projection optical system 12 is a collimating lens that converts image light emitted from each point on the liquid crystal display device 32 into light beams in a parallel state.

  In the liquid crystal display device 32, the first direction D1 is a direction in which a longitudinal section including a first optical axis AX1 passing through the projection optical system 12 and a specific line parallel to a third reflecting surface 21c of the light guide member 21 described later extends. The second direction D2 corresponds to a direction in which a transverse section including the first optical axis AX1 and the normal line of the third reflecting surface 21c extends. In other words, the first direction D1 is a direction parallel to an intersection line CL formed by extending a first reflecting surface 21a and a third reflecting surface 21c of the light guide member 21 described later, and the second direction D2 is the above-described direction. The direction is parallel to the plane with the first reflecting surface 21a and is perpendicular to the intersection line CL between the first reflecting surface 21a and the third reflecting surface 21c. That is, at the position of the liquid crystal display device 32, the first direction D1 corresponds to the vertical Y direction, and the second direction D2 corresponds to the horizontal X direction.

  The light guide device 20 is formed by joining a light guide member 21 and a light transmission member 23, and constitutes a flat plate-like optical member that extends parallel to the XY plane as a whole.

  In the light guide device 20, the light guide member 21 performs light guide by using total reflection by the first and second reflection surfaces 21 a and 21 b, and a direction in which the light is reflected by reflection during light guide and the light guide. In some cases, there is a direction that is not folded back by reflection. When an image guided by the light guide member 21 is considered, the lateral direction that is turned back by a plurality of reflections during light guide, that is, the confinement direction, is perpendicular to the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b (parallel to the Z axis) Thus, when the optical path is expanded to the light source side as will be described later, it corresponds to the second direction D2 of the liquid crystal display device 32, and the longitudinal direction that is not turned back by reflection during light guide, that is, the free propagation direction is When the optical path is expanded to the light source side as will be described later in parallel to the second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b and the third reflecting surface 21c (parallel to the Y axis), it corresponds to the first direction D1 of the liquid crystal display device 32.

  The light guide member 21 is a trapezoidal prism-like member in plan view, and includes, as side surfaces, a first reflection surface 21a, a second reflection surface 21b, a third reflection surface 21c, and a fourth reflection surface 21d. The light guide member 21 includes an upper surface 21e and a lower surface 21f that are adjacent to the first, second, third, and fourth reflecting surfaces 21a, 21b, 21c, and 21d and that face each other. Here, the first and second reflecting surfaces 21 a and 21 b extend along the XY plane and are separated by the thickness t of the light guide member 21. The third reflecting surface 21c is inclined at an acute angle α of 45 ° or less with respect to the XY plane, and the fourth reflecting surface 21d is inclined at an acute angle β of 45 ° or less with respect to the XY surface, for example. . The first optical axis AX1 passing through the third reflecting surface 21c and the second optical axis AX2 passing through the fourth reflecting surface 21d are arranged in parallel and separated by a distance D. As will be described in detail below, an end surface 21h is provided between the first reflecting surface 21a and the third reflecting surface 21c so as to remove a ridge. The light guide member 21 has a polyhedral outer shape with seven surfaces including the end surface 21h.

  The light guide member 21 is formed of a resin material that exhibits high light transmittance in the visible range. The light guide member 21 is a block-like member integrally molded by injection molding, and is formed by, for example, injecting a thermopolymerization resin material into a molding die and thermosetting it. Thus, although the light guide member 21 is an integrally formed product, it can be functionally divided into the light incident part B1, the light guide part B2, and the light emitting part B3.

  The light incident part B1 is a triangular prism-shaped part, and includes a light incident surface IS that is a part of the first reflective surface 21a and a third reflective surface 21c that faces the light incident surface IS. The light incident surface IS is a flat surface on the back side or the viewer side for taking in the image light GL from the image forming apparatus 10 and extends perpendicularly to the first optical axis AX1 facing the projection optical system 12. The third reflecting surface 21c is a rectangular total reflection mirror for reflecting the image light GL that has passed through the light incident surface IS and guiding it into the light guide B2, and has a mirror layer 25 and is covered with a protective layer 26. (See FIG. 3A). The mirror layer 25 is a total reflection coating, and is formed by depositing aluminum on the inclined surface RS of the light guide member 21 by vapor deposition. The third reflecting surface 21c is inclined with respect to the first optical axis AX1 or the XY plane of the projection optical system 12, for example, at an acute angle α = 25 ° to 27 °, and is incident from the light incident surface IS in the + Z direction as a whole. The image light GL that is directed is bent so as to be directed in the −X direction that is closer to the −Z direction as a whole, so that the image light GL is reliably coupled into the light guide portion B2.

  The light guide B2 has first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b that totally reflect the image light bent by the light incident portion B1 as two planes that face each other and extend parallel to the XY plane. Yes. The distance between the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b, that is, the thickness t of the light guide member 21 is, for example, about 9 mm. Here, it is assumed that the first reflecting surface 21a is on the back side or the viewer side close to the image forming apparatus 10, and the second reflecting surface 21b is on the front side or the outside side far from the image forming apparatus 10. In this case, the first reflecting surface 21a is a surface portion common to the above-described light incident surface IS and a light emitting surface OS described later. The first and second reflection surfaces 21a and 21b are total reflection surfaces using a difference in refractive index, and are not provided with a reflection coating such as a mirror layer. However, the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b are covered with a hard coat layer 27 in order to prevent the surface from being damaged and the resolution of the image from being lowered (see FIG. 3B). The hard coat layer 27 is formed by depositing a UV curable resin, a thermosetting resin, or the like on the flat surface FS of the light guide member 21 by dipping or spray coating. The image light GL reflected by the third reflecting surface 21c of the light incident part B1 first enters the first reflecting surface 21a and is totally reflected. Next, the image light GL enters the second reflecting surface 21b and is totally reflected. Thereafter, by repeating this operation, the image light is guided to the back side of the light guide device 20, that is, the -X side provided with the light emitting part B3. In addition, since the 1st and 2nd reflective surfaces 21a and 21b are not provided with the reflective coating, the external light or the external light incident on the second reflective surface 21b from the external side passes through the light guide B2 with high transmittance. pass. In other words, the light guide B2 is a see-through type that allows the external image to be seen through.

  The total reflection on the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b described above depends on the setting of the refractive index of the hard coat layer 27 and can be generated inside the surface SS of the hard coat layer 27, but the flat surface FS. It can also occur inside.

  The light emission part B3 is a triangular prism-shaped part, and has a light emission surface OS that is a part of the first reflection surface 21a and a fourth reflection surface 21d that faces the light emission surface OS. The light emission surface OS is a front surface plane for emitting the image light GL toward the observer's eye EY, and is a part of the first reflection surface 21a, like the light incident surface IS. It extends perpendicular to the optical axis AX2. The distance D between the second optical axis AX2 passing through the light emitting part B3 and the first optical axis AX1 passing through the light incident part B1 is set to, for example, 50 mm in consideration of the width of the observer's head. The fourth reflecting surface 21d is a rectangular flat surface for reflecting the image light GL that has entered through the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b to be emitted outside the light emitting portion B3. A half mirror layer 28 is provided in association with the fourth reflecting surface 21d (see FIG. 3C). The half mirror layer 28 is a reflective film having optical transparency, and is formed by forming a metal reflective film or a dielectric multilayer film on the inclined surface RS of the light guide member 21. The reflectance of the half mirror layer 28 with respect to the image light GL is set to 10% or more and 50% or less from the viewpoint of facilitating observation of the external light GL ′ by see-through. The reflectance of the half mirror layer 28 of the specific embodiment with respect to the image light GL is set to 20%, for example, and the transmittance with respect to the image light GL is set to 80%, for example.

  The fourth reflecting surface 21d is inclined with respect to the second optical axis AX2 or XY plane perpendicular to the first reflecting surface 21a, for example, at an acute angle α = 25 ° to 27 °, and is guided by the half mirror layer 28. The image light GL incident through the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b of the portion B2 is partially reflected and bent so as to be directed in the −Z direction as a whole, thereby allowing the light exit surface OS to pass therethrough. Note that the image light GL transmitted through the fourth reflecting surface 21d is incident on the light transmitting member 23 and is not used to form an image.

  The light transmission member 23 has the same refractive index as that of the main body of the light guide member 21, and includes a first surface 23a, a second surface 23b, and a third surface 23c. The first and second surfaces 23a and 23b extend along the XY plane. The third surface 23 c is inclined with respect to the XY plane, and is disposed in parallel to face the fourth reflecting surface 21 d of the light guide member 21. That is, the light transmission member 23 is a member having a wedge-shaped portion sandwiched between the second surface 23b and the third surface 23c. Similar to the light guide member 21, the light transmissive member 23 is formed of a resin material exhibiting high light transmittance in the visible region. The light transmitting member 23 is a block-like member that is integrally molded by injection molding, and is formed, for example, by injecting a thermopolymerization resin material into a molding die and thermosetting it.

  In the light transmission member 23, the first surface 23 a is disposed on the extended plane of the first reflecting surface 21 a provided on the light guide member 21, is on the back side close to the observer's eye EY, and the second surface 23 b is guided. It is arranged on the extended plane of the second reflecting surface 21b provided on the optical member 21, and is on the front side far from the observer's eye EY. The third surface 23c is a rectangular transmission surface joined to the fourth reflection surface 21d of the light guide member 21 by an adhesive. The angle formed by the first surface 23a and the third surface 23c is equal to the angle ε formed by the second reflective surface 21b and the fourth reflective surface 21d of the light guide member 21, and the second surface 23b and the third surface 23c are the same. The angle formed with the surface 23 c is equal to the angle β formed between the first reflecting surface 21 a and the third reflecting surface 21 c of the light guide member 21.

  The light transmission member 23 and the light guide member 21 constitute a see-through portion B4 at the joint portion between them and the vicinity thereof. That is, since the first and second surfaces 23a and 23b are not provided with a reflective coating such as a mirror layer, the external light GL ′ is transmitted with a high transmittance similarly to the light guide part B2 of the light guide member 21. . The third surface 23c can also transmit the external light GL ′ with high transmittance, but since the fourth reflecting surface 21d of the light guide member 21 has the half mirror layer 28, the third surface 23c passes through the third surface 23c. The ambient light GL ′ to be reduced is reduced by 20%, for example. That is, the observer observes the image light GL that has been reduced to 20% and the external light GL ′ that has been reduced to 80%.

  The depolarizing element 50 is adhered on the light incident surface IS of the light guide member 21 between the light exit surface RO of the projection optical system 12 and the light incident surface IS of the light guide member 21. The depolarizing element 50 is a plate-like member, and is fixed in the case of the first drive unit 131 shown in FIG. 1 and extends parallel to the XY plane. The depolarization element 50 is a quartz plate, for example, and has a role of reducing or eliminating the polarization tendency by having birefringence.

[C. Overview of optical path of image light)
4A is a diagram illustrating an optical path in the first direction D1 corresponding to the longitudinal section CS1 of the liquid crystal display device 32. FIG. In the longitudinal section along the first direction D1, that is, the YZ plane (the unfolded Y′Z ′ plane), among the image light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 32, the upper end side of the display area 32b indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. The component emitted from the (+ Y side) is referred to as image light GLa, and the component emitted from the lower end side (−Y side) of the display area 32b indicated by the two-dot chain line in the drawing is referred to as image light GLb.

The upper image light GLa is converted into a parallel light flux by the projection optical system 12 and passes through the light incident part B1, the light guide part B2, and the light emission part B3 of the light guide member 21 along the developed optical axis AX ′. The incident light is incident on the observer's eye EY in a state of a parallel light beam, tilted from above the angle φ ₁ . On the other hand, the lower image light GLb is converted into a parallel light flux by the projection optical system 12, and the light incident part B <b> 1, the light guide part B <b> 2, and the light emission part of the light guide member 21 along the developed optical axis AX ′. The light passes through B3 and is incident on the observer's eye EY in a state of parallel light flux with an inclination from below the angle φ ₂ (| φ ₂ | = | φ ₁ |). The above angles φ ₁ and φ ₂ correspond to the upper and lower half angles of view, and are set to, for example, 6.5 °. Note that the upper image light GLa and the lower image light GLb are not incident on the observer's eye EY with a time difference but are incident on the observer's eye EY at the same time.

  FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an optical path in the second direction (confinement direction or synthesis direction) D2 corresponding to the cross section CS2 of the liquid crystal display device 32. In the cross section along the second direction D2 (confinement direction or synthesis direction), that is, the XZ plane (X′Z ′ plane after development), the image light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 32 is indicated by a one-dot chain line in the figure. The component emitted from the first display point P1 on the right end side (+ X side) toward the display area 32b is the image light GLc, and the component on the left end side (−X side) toward the display area 32b indicated by the two-dot difference line in the figure. A component emitted from the second display point P2 is defined as image light GLd. In FIG. 4B, for reference, image light GLe emitted from the inner right side and image light GLf emitted from the inner left side are added.

The image light GLc from the first display point P1 on the right side is converted into a parallel light beam by the projection optical system 12, and along the developed optical axis AX ′, the light incident part B1, the light guide part B2, and through the light exit portion B3, a parallel light beam state with respect to the observer's eye EY, incident inclined from right angles theta _1. On the other hand, the image light GLd from the second display point P2 on the left side is converted into a parallel light beam by the projection optical system 12, and along the developed optical axis AX ′, the light incident part B1 and the light guide part of the light guide member 21. The light passes through B2 and the light emitting part B3 and enters the observer's eye EY in a state of a parallel light beam with an angle θ ₂ (| θ ₂ | = | θ ₁ |) inclined from the left direction. The above angles θ ₁ and θ ₂ correspond to the left and right half angles of view, and are set to 10 °, for example. The upper image light GLc and the lower image light GLd are simultaneously synthesized and emitted from the light emitting unit B3. That is, the upper image light GLc and the lower image light GLd are not incident on the observer's eye EY with a time difference but are simultaneously incident on the observer's eye EY.

Note that, in the horizontal direction of the second direction D2, the image lights GLc and GLd are folded back by reflection in the light guide member 21 and the number of reflections is different, so that each image light GLc and GLd is in the light guide member 21. It is expressed discontinuously. In addition, regarding the observer's eye EY, the viewing direction is upside down compared to the case of FIG. As a result, the screen is horizontally reversed as a whole in the horizontal direction, but the right half image of the liquid crystal display device 32 and the liquid crystal display device can be obtained by processing the light guide member 21 with high accuracy as will be described in detail later. The images on the left half of 32 are continuously joined without any gap. In consideration of the fact that the number of reflections of the image light GLc and GLd in the light guide member 21 is different from each other, the emission angle θ ₁ ′ of the right image light GLc and the emission angle θ ₂ ′ of the left image light GLd. Is set to something different.

  As described above, the image lights GLa, GLb, GLc, and GLd incident on the observer's eye EY are virtual images from infinity, and the image formed on the liquid crystal display device 32 is correct in the first vertical direction D1. The image formed on the liquid crystal display device 32 is reversed with respect to the second horizontal direction D2.

[D. (The optical path of image light in the horizontal direction)
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a specific optical path in the first display device 100A. The projection optical system 12 has three lenses L1, L2, and L3.

The image lights GL11 and GL12 from the first display point P1 on the right side of the liquid crystal display device 32 pass through the lenses L1, L2 and L3 of the projection optical system 12 to be converted into parallel light beams, and the light incident surface of the light guide member 21 Incident on IS. The image lights GL11 and GL12 guided into the light guide member 21 repeat total reflection at the same angle on the first and second reflection surfaces 21a and 21b, and are finally emitted as a parallel light flux from the light exit surface OS. . Specifically, the image lights GL11 and GL12 are reflected by the third reflection surface 21c of the light guide member 21 as parallel light beams, and then enter the first reflection surface 21a of the light guide member 21 at the first reflection angle γ1. , Total reflection (first total reflection). Thereafter, the image lights GL11 and GL12 are incident on the second reflecting surface 21b and totally reflected (second total reflection) while maintaining the first reflection angle γ1, and then incident on the first reflecting surface 21a again. And is totally reflected (third total reflection). As a result, the image lights GL11 and GL12 are totally reflected three times on the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b, and enter the fourth reflecting surface 21d. The image lights GL11 and GL12 are reflected by the fourth reflection surface 21d at the same angle as the third reflection surface 21c, and are angled from the light emission surface OS to the second optical axis AX2 direction perpendicular to the light emission surface OS. It is emitted as a parallel light beam by theta ₁ slope.

The image lights GL21 and GL22 from the second display point P2 on the left side of the liquid crystal display device 32 pass through the lenses L1, L2, and L3 of the projection optical system 12 to be converted into parallel light beams, and the light incident surface of the light guide member 21 Incident on IS. The image lights GL21 and GL22 guided into the light guide member 21 repeat total reflection at equal angles on the first and second reflection surfaces 21a and 21b, and are finally emitted from the light exit surface OS as parallel light beams. . Specifically, the image lights GL21 and GL22 are reflected by the third reflecting surface 21c of the light guide member 21 as a parallel light beam, and then the first reflection of the light guide member 21 at the second reflection angle γ2 (γ2 <γ1). The light enters the surface 21a and is totally reflected (first total reflection). Thereafter, the image lights GL21 and GL22 enter the second reflection surface 21b and are totally reflected (second total reflection) while maintaining the second reflection angle γ2, and then enter the first reflection surface 21a again. Are totally reflected (third total reflection), are incident again on the second reflecting surface 21b and totally reflected (fourth total reflection), and are again incident on the first reflecting surface 21a and totally reflected. (5th total reflection). As a result, the image lights GL21 and GL22 are totally reflected five times on the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b and enter the fourth reflecting surface 21d. The image lights GL21 and GL22 are reflected by the fourth reflecting surface 21d at the same angle as the third reflecting surface 21c, and are angled from the light emitting surface OS to the second optical axis AX2 direction perpendicular to the light emitting surface OS. It is emitted as a parallel light beam by theta ₂ gradient.

  In FIG. 5, when the light guide member 21 is developed, a virtual first surface 121a corresponding to the first reflective surface 21a, and when the light guide member 21 is deployed, a virtual corresponding to the second reflective surface 21b. The 2nd surface 121b is drawn. By developing in this way, the image lights GL11 and GL12 from the first display point P1 pass through the first surface 121a twice after passing through the incident equivalent surface IS ′ corresponding to the light incident surface IS. It can be seen that the light passes through the surface 121b once, is emitted from the light exit surface OS, and enters the observer's eye EY, and the image lights GL21 and GL22 from the second display point P2 are incident corresponding to the light entrance surface IS. After passing through the equivalent surface IS ", it can be seen that it passes through the first surface 121a three times, passes through the second surface 121b twice, is emitted from the light exit surface OS, and enters the observer's eye EY. In other words, the observer observes the lens L3 of the projection optical system 12 existing in the vicinity of the two incident equivalent planes IS ′ and IS ″ at two different positions.

  6A is a diagram for conceptually explaining the display surface of the liquid crystal display device 32, and FIG. 6B is a diagram for conceptually explaining a virtual image of the liquid crystal display device 32 visible to an observer. FIGS. 6C and 6D are diagrams for explaining partial images constituting a virtual image. A rectangular image forming area AD provided in the liquid crystal display device 32 shown in FIG. 6A is observed as a virtual image display area AI shown in FIG. On the left side of the virtual image display area AI, a first projection image IM1 corresponding to a portion from the center to the right side of the image formation area AD of the liquid crystal display device 32 is formed. This first projection image IM1 is shown in FIG. ) As shown in FIG. Further, on the right side of the virtual image display area AI, a second projection image IM2 corresponding to a portion from the center to the left side of the image formation area AD of the liquid crystal display device 32 is formed as a virtual image. As shown in FIG. 6D, the left half is a partial image. In this case, the first projection image IM1 shown in FIG. 6 (C) and the second projection image IM2 shown in FIG. 6 (D) are simultaneously incident on the observer's eye EY and are imaged simultaneously.

  The first partial region A10 that forms only the first projected image (virtual image) IM1 in the liquid crystal display device 32 illustrated in FIG. 6A includes, for example, the first display point P1 at the right end of the liquid crystal display device 32. The image lights GL11 and GL12 that are totally reflected three times in total in the light guide portion B2 of the light guide member 21 are emitted. The second partial area A20 that forms only the second projection image (virtual image) IM2 in the liquid crystal display device 32 includes, for example, the second display point P2 at the left end of the liquid crystal display device 32, and the light guide member 21 guides the light. The image light GL21 and GL22 that are totally reflected five times in the portion B2 are emitted. Image light from the band SA extending vertically and sandwiched between the first and second partial areas A10 and A20 near the center of the image forming area AD of the liquid crystal display device 32 forms an overlapping image IS shown in FIG. 6B. doing. That is, the image light from the band SA of the liquid crystal display device 32 is a total of 5 in the first projection image IM1 formed by the image light GL11 and GL12 totally reflected three times in the light guide B2, and in the light guide B2. The second projected image IM2 formed by the image lights GL11 and GL12 that are totally reflected once is superimposed on the virtual image display area AI. If the light guide member 21 is precisely processed and a light beam accurately collimated by the projection optical system 12 is formed, the overlapping image IS is prevented from being displaced or blurred due to the superimposition of the two projection images IM1 and IM2. be able to. Note that the horizontal width or the overlapping width of the band SA where the overlapping occurs can be adjusted by controlling the angle range of the illumination light SL that illuminates the liquid crystal display device 32. In the present embodiment, since the angle range of the illumination light SL is not particularly adjusted, a band SA having a lateral width or an overlapping width according to the divergence characteristics of the backlight light guide unit 31b and the like exists.

[E. (Generation and elimination of color spots due to birefringence of optical elements)
Here, FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the influence of birefringence in the lens L3 which is an example of the optical lens of the projection optical system 12, in which the vertical direction is the Y direction and the horizontal direction is the X direction. That is, this corresponds to the arrangement of the lens L3 in FIG. Hereinafter, color spots generated by birefringence inherent in the optical element in the virtual image display device 100 will be described with reference to FIG. In the virtual image display device 100, in the lenses L1 to L3 (the lens L3 is illustrated in FIG. 7) that are optical elements made of a resin material formed by injection molding, a polarization distribution is formed and appears as specific color light. Although the stripe pattern by the specific color light as shown in FIG. 7 is not usually visible, it can be confirmed by passing through, for example, a polarizing plate. Such a distribution of polarized light is considered to be a result of the occurrence of birefringence in the lenses L1 to L3 due to the influence of the internal stress generated during injection molding. As long as a resin material is used as a material for optical elements such as L1 to L3, it is inevitable. Furthermore, since the liquid crystal display device 32 is used for the image display device 11, the image light GL emitted from the image display device 11 is polarized light composed only of components in a specific direction, and thus passes through the lenses L1 to L3 and the like. When this is done, the distribution of polarized light as described above is likely to occur, and specific colored light spots are generated by polarization separation or interference between polarized components when reflected by the fourth reflecting surface 21d or the like. Such specific color light spots appear as color spots in the image. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, by having the depolarization element 50 that reduces or eliminates the polarization tendency of light, light interference is reduced and color spots are generated in an image recognized by an observer. Reduced.

[F. Function of depolarization element)
Hereinafter, the function of the depolarizing element 50 disposed between the projection optical system 12 and the light guide device 20 will be described.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the birefringence of the depolarizer 50. As illustrated, the depolarization element 50, for example within an XY plane perpendicular to the X-direction is the optical axis direction, the refractive indices n _x different in the X and Y directions orthogonal to each _other, having a n _y It has become. That is, the depolarizing element 50 is made of a birefringent material. Here, a quartz plate is used for the depolarizing element 50 as an example of a birefringent material. Further, the quartz plate is a refractive indices n _x in the X direction, such that the difference between the refractive index n _y in the Y direction is maximum, as the direction of its optical axis is adjusted.

In this case, when light traveling in the Z direction enters the depolarization element 50, the polarization state of the passing light changes according to the optical path length of the depolarization element 50 and the wavelength of the incident light due to the birefringence of the depolarization element 50. . More specifically, first, when birefringence | n _x −n _y | = Δn and the thickness d in the traveling direction of the depolarizing element 50, that is, the Z direction is used, the retardation R is R = Δn × d. expressed. Therefore, a value R × 2π / λ obtained by multiplying the retardation R by the wavelength λ of incident light and 2π indicates the polarization state of the light having the wavelength λ immediately after passing through the depolarizing element 50. In this case, by increasing the thickness d of the depolarizer 50 to some extent, the polarization tendency of light in a certain wavelength band can be reduced or eliminated. For example, the depolarization element 50 can be obtained by increasing the thickness d to some extent with respect to two types of light, which are components that are perceived by the human eye as belonging to the same color band and have slightly different wavelengths. Has a sufficiently long optical path length with respect to the wavelength λ, and the phase difference between the two types of light can be greatly different. As a result, even if the light belongs to a certain band recognized as the same color, there is a slight difference in wavelength, so that it has various polarization states. It can be made to have a low polarization tendency. That is, the polarization tendency of light belonging to the band is reduced or eliminated. When the crystal plate is used as the depolarization element 50 as described above, the polarization tendency is sufficiently reduced or eliminated for the light belonging to each color band by setting the thickness d to about 2 to 3 mm, for example. Can be.

  Returning to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the image light GL emitted from the projection optical system 12 enters the depolarization element 50. The image light GL immediately before entering the depolarizing element 50 is in a specific polarization state under the influence of birefringence at the lenses L1 to L3 made of a resin material. On the other hand, since the depolarization element 50 has a function of reducing or eliminating the polarization tendency of light as described above, the image light GL that has passed through the depolarization element 50 is light in various polarization states such as natural light. It is possible to suppress a situation in which a specific polarization is seen as shown in FIG. As a result, the image light GL reaches the observer's eye EY as an image with suppressed color spots. Note that light of each color whose polarization tendency has been reduced or eliminated as described above has various polarization states, and therefore may temporarily pass through an optical element having birefringence (for example, the light guide member 21). However, the polarization tendency as a whole does not change or hardly changes.

  In the above description, a quartz plate is used as an example of the birefringent material constituting the depolarizing element 50. However, for example, sapphire can be used in addition to the quartz plate. In addition, the depolarizing element 50 may be constituted by a laminate of a plurality of stretched films according to a necessary degree of reduction, or by obliquely depositing an inorganic material on a transparent substrate.

[G. Others]
In the above, the total number of reflections of the image light GL11 and GL12 emitted from the first partial area A10 including the first display point P1 on the right side of the liquid crystal display device 32 by the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b is three times in total. Thus, the total number of reflections of the image light GL21 and GL22 emitted from the second partial area A20 including the second display point P2 on the left side of the liquid crystal display device 32 by the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b is five times in total. However, the total number of reflections can be changed as appropriate. That is, by adjusting the outer shape (that is, thickness t, distance D, acute angles α, β) of the light guide member 21, the total number of reflections of the image light GL11, GL12 is set to five times, and the total reflection number of the image light GL21, GL22 is A total of seven times can be used. In the above description, the total number of reflections of the image lights GL11, GL12, GL21, and GL22 is an odd number. However, if the light incident surface IS and the light exit surface OS are arranged on the opposite side, that is, the light guide member 21. Is a parallelogram type in plan view, the total number of reflections of the image lights GL11, GL12, GL21, and GL22 is an even number.

[H. (Summary)
In the virtual image display device 100 according to the first embodiment described above, the image light GL reflected by the third reflecting surface 21c of the light incident portion B1 is totally reflected by the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b of the light guide portion. And is reflected by the fourth reflecting surface 21d of the light emitting part B3 and enters the eye EY of the observer. At this time, the number of reflections of the first image light GL11 and GL12 emitted from the first display point P1 of the image display device 11 at the light guide and the second image emitted from the second display point P2 of the image display device 11 are described. Since the number of reflections of the light GL21 and GL22 in the light guide B2 is different, the angle width of the emission angle of the image light GL emitted from the light emission part B3 can be widened. That is, the image light GL from different display positions in the image display device 11 can be captured with a relatively wide viewing angle, and a large display size of the virtual image observed through the light emitting unit B3 can be ensured. . In this way, by adopting a structure that takes out the image light GL with different number of reflections, the light emission part B3 can be enlarged so as to cover the pupil without making the light guide part B2 too thick, so the light emission part B3 It is no longer necessary to divide the pupil close to the pupil, a large eye ring diameter can be secured, and good see-through observation is also possible.

  Further, in the virtual image display device 100 of the first embodiment, the depolarizing element 50 is located on the light emission side of the light emission part B3 of the light guide device 20 from the light emission surface QO at the light emission side position of the image display device 11. In this case, it is disposed between the projection optical system 12 and the light guide member 21 due to the birefringence in the virtual image display device 100. Since the characteristic polarization tendency caused by the above is reduced or eliminated, an image in which color spots caused by the polarization tendency are suppressed can be displayed on the eye EY of the observer. Thereby, the virtual image displayed by the virtual image display apparatus 100 can be made into a high quality thing.

[Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, the virtual image display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The virtual image display device according to the second embodiment is a partial modification of the virtual image display device 100 according to the first embodiment, and parts not specifically described are the same as those of the virtual image display device 100 according to the first embodiment. And

  As shown in FIG. 9, the depolarizing element 150 is adhered on the light exit surface OS of the light guide member 21 between the light exit surface OS of the light guide member 21 and the position of the observer's eye EY, that is, the pupil. ing. In addition, the depolarization element 150 is comprised, for example with the quartz plate etc. similarly to the depolarization element 50 in 1st Embodiment. In this case, even if any one of the optical elements arranged from the projection optical system 12 to the light guide device 20 has birefringence, the polarization tendency is reduced or eliminated by the depolarization element 150, and color spots and the like are suppressed. The image light GL thus made can reach the observer's eye EY.

[Third Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a virtual image display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the virtual image display device of the third embodiment is a partial modification of the virtual image display device 100 of the first embodiment, and parts not specifically described are the same as those of the virtual image display device 100 of the first embodiment. And

  As shown in FIG. 10, the depolarizing element 250 is adhered on the light emission surface QO of the image display device 11 that is between the light emission surface QO of the image display device 11 and the light emission surface RO of the projection optical system 12. ing. In addition, the depolarization element 250 is comprised, for example with the quartz plate etc. similarly to the depolarization element 50 in 1st Embodiment. In this case, the depolarizing element 250 reduces or eliminates the polarization tendency of the light emitted from the liquid crystal display device 32. That is, the image light GL having a low polarization tendency is emitted to the optical element located on the downstream side of the optical path from the liquid crystal display device 32. As a result, even if any one of the optical elements arranged from the projection optical system 12 to the light guide device 20 has birefringence, the polarization tendency is reduced or eliminated by the depolarization element 250, and color spots and the like are suppressed. The image light GL thus made can reach the observer's eye EY. In this case, the size of the depolarizing element 250 corresponds to the size of the exit side of the liquid crystal display device 32, that is, the light exit surface QO. Manufacturing cost can be reduced.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a virtual image display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the virtual image display device of the fourth embodiment is a partial modification of the virtual image display device 100 of the first embodiment, and parts not specifically described are the same as those of the virtual image display device 100 of the first embodiment. And

  As shown in a partially enlarged view in FIG. 11, the depolarizing element 350 is provided along with the third reflecting surface 21c. More specifically, the depolarization element 350 is formed in a state of being sandwiched between the inclined surface RS of the light guide member 21 and the mirror layer 25. In addition, the depolarization element 250 is comprised, for example with the quartz plate etc. similarly to the depolarization element 50 in 1st Embodiment. In this case, as shown in the figure, the image light GL passes through the depolarizing element 350 for convenience twice during reflection by the third reflecting surface 21c. Therefore, the thickness of the depolarizing element 350 can be reduced to half the thickness required for designing to reduce or eliminate the polarization tendency, and the manufacturing cost of the depolarizing element 350 can be reduced.

[Fifth Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a virtual image display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the virtual image display device of the fourth embodiment is a partial modification of the virtual image display device 100 of the first embodiment, and parts not specifically described are the same as those of the virtual image display device 100 of the first embodiment. And

  As shown in a partially enlarged view in FIG. 12, the depolarizing element 450 is provided along with the fourth reflecting surface 21d. More specifically, the depolarizing element 450 is formed in a state of being sandwiched between the inclined surface RS of the light guide member 21 and the mirror layer 28. The mirror layer 28 is joined to the light transmission member 23 by the adhesive layer CC. In addition, the depolarization element 250 is comprised, for example with the quartz plate etc. similarly to the depolarization element 50 in 1st Embodiment. In this case, as shown in the figure, the image light GL passes through the depolarization element 450 twice conveniently during reflection by the fourth reflecting surface 21d. Therefore, the thickness of the depolarizing element 450 can be reduced to half the thickness required for designing to reduce or eliminate the polarization tendency, and the manufacturing cost of the depolarizing element 450 can be reduced.

[Modifications, etc.]
Although the present invention has been described based on the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be implemented in various modes without departing from the gist thereof. Such modifications are also possible.

  FIGS. 13A and 13B are diagrams illustrating a modification of the light guide member 21 shown in FIG. In the above description, the image light propagating through the light guide member 21 is totally reflected at only the two reflection angles γ1 and γ2 with respect to the first and second reflection surfaces 21a and 21b. As shown in the light guide member 21 of the modification shown in FIG. 3, the image light GL31, GL32, and GL33 of the three components are allowed to be totally reflected at the reflection angles γ1, γ2, and γ3 (γ1> γ2> γ3). You can also. In this case, the image light GL emitted from the liquid crystal display device 32 is propagated in three modes, synthesized in the observer's eye EY, and recognized as a virtual image. In this case, as shown in FIG. 13B, a total reflection projection image IM21 is formed on the left side of the effective display area A0, for example, and the total reflection projection is performed, for example, a total of five reflections near the center of the effective display area A0. An image IM22 is formed, and a total reflection projected image IM23 is formed, for example, seven times in total on the right side of the effective display area A0.

  The depolarization element 50 and the like can be provided at various positions in addition to the cases shown in the above embodiments. For example, the depolarization element is provided inside the light guide member 21 or on the surfaces of the lenses L1 to L3. It is good.

  Further, for example, at least one of the optical elements arranged on the optical path from the light exit surface QO of the image display device 11 to the light exit surface OS of the light guide device 20 like the lenses L1 to L3 is a depolarization element. It may reduce the polarization tendency of light passing therethrough. In this case, since the optical element functions as a depolarizing element, the polarization tendency of light passing through the optical element can be reduced or eliminated without providing a separate member.

  In the above embodiment, the see-through is given priority by setting the reflectance of the half mirror layer 28 provided on the fourth reflecting surface 21d of the light guide member 21 to 20%. However, the reflectance of the half mirror layer 28 is set to 50% or more. Priority can be given to light. Note that the half mirror layer 28 does not have to be formed on the entire surface of the fourth reflecting surface 21d, and can be formed only in a part of the necessary region.

  The shape of the light transmissive member 23 is not limited to the shape in which the light guide member 21 extends laterally, that is, in the X direction, and may include a portion that is extended so as to sandwich the light guide member 21 from above and below.

  In the above-described embodiment, the transmissive liquid crystal display device 32 or the like is used as the image display device 11. However, the image display device 11 is not limited to the transmissive liquid crystal display device 32, and various devices can be used. . For example, a configuration using a reflective liquid crystal display device is possible, and a digital micromirror device or the like can be used instead of the liquid crystal display device 32. Further, as the image display device 11, a self-luminous element represented by an LED array, an OLED (organic EL), or the like can be used.

  In the virtual image display device 100 of the above-described embodiment, the image forming device 10 and the light guide device 20 are provided one by one corresponding to both the right eye and the left eye, but either the right eye or the left eye. Only the image forming apparatus 10 and the light guide device 20 may be provided for only one eye.

  In the above embodiment, the first optical axis AX1 passing through the light incident surface IS and the second optical axis AX2 passing through the light exit surface OS are parallel, but these optical axes AX1 and AX2 are made non-parallel. You can also.

  In the above description, the virtual image display device 100 has been specifically described as being a head-mounted display, but the virtual image display device 100 can be modified to a head-up display.

  In the above description, in the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b, image light is totally reflected and guided by the interface with air without applying a mirror, a half mirror, or the like on the surface. The total reflection includes reflection formed by forming a mirror coat or a half mirror film on the whole or a part of the first and second reflection surfaces 21a and 21b. For example, after the incident angle of the image light satisfies the total reflection condition, the first and second reflection surfaces 21a and 21b are subjected to mirror coating or the like to reflect substantially all the image light. Cases are also included. In addition, as long as image light with sufficient brightness can be obtained, the first and second reflecting surfaces 21a and 21b may be entirely or partially coated with a somewhat transmissive mirror.

  In the above description, the light guide member 21 extends in the horizontal direction in which the eyes EY are arranged. However, the light guide member 21 can be extended in the vertical direction. In this case, the optical panels 110 are arranged in parallel, not in series.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Image forming apparatus, 11 ... Image display apparatus, 12 ... Projection optical system, 20 ... Light guide device, 21 ... Light guide member, 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d ... Reflective surface, 21e ... Upper surface, 21f ... Lower surface, 21h , 21i ... end face, 23 ... light transmitting member, 23a, 23b, 23c ... face, 25 ... mirror layer, 27 ... hard coat layer, 28 ... half mirror layer, 31 ... lighting device, 32 ... liquid crystal display device, 32b ... display Region 34, drive controller 50, 150, 250, 350, 450, depolarization element 51, on substrate 52, metal reflection film, 100 virtual image display device, 100 A, 100 B display device, 110 optical panel 121, frame, 131, 132, drive unit, AX1, first optical axis, AX2, second optical axis, B1, light incident unit, B2, light guide unit, 3 ... light emitting part, B4 ... fluoroscopic part, EY ... eye, FS ... flat surface, GL ... image light, GL '... external light, GL11, GL12, GL21, GL22 ... image light, IM1, IM2 ... projected image, IS Light incident surface L1, L2, L3 Lens, OS OS Light exit surface P1 Display point, P2 Display point SL SL

Claims (12)

An image display device for forming image light;
A projection optical system that Isa leaving the image light emitted from the image display device,
A light guide unit, a light incident unit that causes the image light emitted from the projection optical system to enter the light guide unit, and a light emission unit that emits the image light guided by the light guide unit to the outside. A light guide device that enables observation of the image light through the light emitting unit;
A depolarization element that is disposed between the position of the light exit surface of the projection optical system and the position of the pupil of the observer who observes the image light, and reduces the polarization tendency of the light passing therethrough;
A virtual image display device. 2. The virtual image display according to claim 1, wherein the depolarizing element is disposed on a light incident surface of the light incident portion between at least a light exit surface of the projection optical system and the light incident portion of the light guide device. apparatus. Said depolarizer is disposed from the light exit portion of at least the light guide device to the light exit plane of the light exit portion until the position of the observer's pupil for observing the image light, to claim 1 The virtual image display device described. The virtual image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the depolarizing element includes a birefringent material. 5. The birefringent material according to claim 4 , comprising at least one of quartz and sapphire, a laminate of stretched films, and an inorganic material deposited on a transparent substrate. Virtual image display device. At least one of the optical elements arranged on the optical path from the position of the light exit surface of the projection optical system to the position of the pupil of the observer observing the image light is a light that passes as the depolarization element. The virtual image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , which reduces a polarization tendency. The image display device is a liquid crystal panel,
The virtual image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein at least one of the projection optical system and the light guide device includes an optical element formed of a resin material. The light guide device further includes a light guide member having the light guide part, the light incident part, and the light emitting part, and a light transmitting member that forms a see-through part by combining with the light guide member.
The virtual image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 . The light guide unit is arranged in parallel with each other, and a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface that enable light guide by total reflection.
A reflective surface,
The light incident portion has a third reflecting surface that forms a predetermined angle with respect to the first reflecting surface;
The light exit portion includes a fourth reflecting surface forming a predetermined angle with respect to the first reflecting surface, a virtual image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The virtual image display device according to claim 9 , wherein the depolarizing element is provided along with at least one of the third reflecting surface and the fourth reflecting surface. The second different from the first partial region with respect to the number of reflections of the first image light emitted from the first partial region in the image display device in the light guide unit and the confinement direction in which the optical path is turned back by reflection during the light guide. the number of reflections in the light guide portion of the second image light emitted from the partial area, different from each other, the virtual image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 10. The virtual image display device according to any one of claims 8 to 11 , wherein the light guide member is integrally formed by injection molding using a heat polymerization type resin material.

Images