JP5342496B2 - Wind turbine generator group control device and control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a control device of a wind power generation device and a control method thereof. The control device comprises a transmit-receive part (51) receiving running information sent from each wind power generation device (11, 12, 13) and sending output command information; a concentrated running control part (41) receiving the running information, performing calculating treatment on output changes and controlling the running of a wind power generation device assembly (100) according to the output command information sent to each wind power generation device (11, 12, 13); an output prediction part (53) predicting the wind speed changes of the wind power generation device assembly (100) in the near future based on the running information, and predicting the output change in the near future based on the above-mentioned prediction; and an energy storing and releasing command part (54) storing the wind energy as kinetic energy and making the total output limited to a value lower than a normal output when the total output is larger than a target output, or releasing stored kinetic energy on a point where the total output is nearly at a minimum points in the near future when the total output is lower than a prescribed target output. In this way, the output change of wind farms is prevented. Constant outputs are thus achieved.

Description

  The present invention relates to a control device for a wind power generator group composed of a plurality of wind power generators that supply electric power generated using wind energy to an electric power system, and a control method therefor.

In recent years, the introduction of clean wind power generation that does not emit CO ² has become popular worldwide as a measure against global warming. When introducing a large amount of wind power generation, it is often installed as a wind farm in which multiple wind power generation devices are installed in a certain area from a cost-effective viewpoint, and these wind power generation devices are controlled and operated in an integrated manner. It has become.
Conventionally, various proposals of the following Patent Documents 1 to 4 have been made regarding wind farms and individual wind power generators.

  In Patent Document 1, a target power generation amount is set in a wind farm composed of a plurality of wind power generators. In order to bring the total output power of each wind power generator constituting the wind farm closer to the target power generation amount, A method for exchanging operation information such as maintenance history data and operation characteristic data between power generation devices and determining an operation pattern of the wind power generation device is disclosed.

Patent Document 2 describes a control method for suppressing output fluctuations by changing the maximum value of the power curve of a wind turbine generator with large output fluctuations by pitch control or the like.
In Patent Document 3, a capacitor is connected to a wind power generator, and the deviation of insufficient power or excess power from the set reference generated power is adjusted to become reference generated power by charge / discharge control of the capacitor to generate power. A control method for suppressing power fluctuations is described.

  In Patent Document 4, a laser-type anemometer that uses the Doppler effect is installed in a wind power generator, and the wind direction wind speed at a point separated from the position of the wind power generator is measured, so that A control method is described in which the power generation output is made constant by predicting the wind speed and performing control according to the predicted value.

JP 2002-349413 A JP 2001-234845 A JP 2002-27679 A JP 2004-301116 A

By the way, as wind power generators whose power generation output fluctuates depending on weather conditions are increasingly introduced into the power system, if the number of wind power generators increases further in the future, there is concern about the effect of power generation output fluctuations on the maintenance of power system voltage and frequency. Has been.
Speaking of frequency maintenance, electric power companies in each region have balanced demand and supply mainly by combining various power sources against fluctuations in power demand. When a large amount of wind power generation is connected to the power system, a negative load is superimposed on the conventional demand due to fluctuations in the power generation output. Depending on the combination of fluctuations in power demand and wind power generation output, both fluctuations may be superimposed, and it is expected that a higher supply-demand adjustment capability will be required.

  The fluctuations in power demand are thought to be the superposition of pulsating components with various amplitudes and periods with small variations and irregular fluctuations, and the components are minute fluctuations ranging from several minutes to several tens of minutes. It can be divided into three main components of short-period fluctuations up to about 10 and long-period fluctuations of more than a few minutes. The above three components are also included in the power generation output of wind power generation.

  For minute fluctuations in demand up to a few minutes, it can be adjusted by governor-free operation using a governor that autonomously adjusts fluctuations at the power plant. For short cycle fluctuations with a period of several minutes to about 10 and several minutes, the frequency adjustment power plant detects the frequency deviation and changes the generator frequency to change the output. This is called load frequency control (LFC). For long-period fluctuations with longer periods, adjustments are made by sending a power generation command to each power plant in consideration of economic efficiency, and this is called economic load distribution control (ELD). It is out.

When a large amount of wind power generation is introduced into the power system, the second load frequency control (LFC) is particularly problematic. When the output fluctuation of wind power generation is superimposed on the demand (load) fluctuation, it is considered that the installed capacity of the frequency adjustment power plant is insufficient. However, simply increasing the installed capacity of the frequency-regulated power plant is an economic burden and requires some alternative means.
So far, as described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it has been studied to adjust the number of operating units in the wind farm or to limit the maximum value of the power curve to reduce the output fluctuation. . The method of limiting the maximum value of the power curve can alleviate the fluctuation to some extent, but when the wind speed suddenly drops, the power generation output will be reduced and the fluctuation will occur, for example, connected to the power system There is a risk of adverse effects such as voltage fluctuations and frequency fluctuations on power sources and loads (consumers) of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants.

Moreover, in the method of installing a storage battery (storage battery) as in Patent Document 3, fluctuations can be mitigated by appropriately performing charge / discharge control of the storage battery, but the cost burden of the wind power generation company by installing the storage battery is large. There is a problem of becoming.
Without providing new expensive equipment, it is possible to reduce or suppress fluctuations in the output of wind power generation to some extent by predicting near-future wind speed and performing control based on the predicted value.

  If a Doppler laser anemometer is used as in Patent Document 4, there is an advantage that the wind direction wind speed can be measured not only at the installation position of the wind power generation apparatus that measures the normal wind direction wind speed but also at a remote peripheral position. . However, the Doppler laser anemometer has a limited range of laser light that is necessary for the measurement. Especially when the area of the wind farm is large, the wind power generation company that installs the laser anemometer has a cost burden. There is a growing problem.

  The objective of this invention is suppressing the fluctuation | variation of the electric power output from a wind farm to an electric power grid | system, and maintaining a fixed output. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a control system for a wind power generator group and a control method therefor, which are effective from the viewpoint of power system control and can make short-cycle fluctuations of several minutes to about 10 tens of minutes almost constant.

  In order to achieve the above object, a wind turbine generator group control device according to the first aspect of the present invention includes an anemometer provided in each wind turbine generator and the wind turbine anemometer provided in each wind turbine generator via a communication network. A plurality of wind power generators each having a variable rotation speed and variable pitch control, each of which is connected to an electric power system via a power transmission line. A wind turbine generator group control device that controls a wind turbine generator group having a device, receiving operation information sent from each wind turbine generator and transmitting output command information for controlling the operation of each wind turbine generator Transmitting and receiving means, receiving the operation information from the individual control devices via the transmitting and receiving means, and calculating output fluctuations, and each wind power generator Centralized operation control means for controlling the operation of the wind power generator group according to the output command information transmitted via the transmission / reception means, and predicting near-future wind speed fluctuations for the wind power generator group based on the operation information Output prediction means for predicting near-future output fluctuations of the wind turbine generator group based on the wind speed fluctuation prediction, and wind energy when the total output of the wind turbine generator group is greater than a predetermined target output Energy storage and release command means for controlling the output command information so as to be accumulated as rotational energy of the wind power generator group, the total output of the wind power generator group is limited to a value lower than a rated output, and the energy When the total output of the wind power generator group is smaller than the predetermined target output, the accumulated discharge command means stores the rotation energy stored in the wind power generator group. The conservation, the by controlling by said output command information to emit near the minimum value of the total output in the near future, so as to suppress the variation in the total output of the wind turbine generator group.

  The control device of the wind power generator group according to the second aspect of the present invention includes a wind direction anemometer provided in each wind power generator, and a wind direction in each wind power generator provided in each wind power generator via a communication network, A wind turbine generator group having a plurality of wind turbine generators capable of variable rotation speed and variable pitch control connected to an electric power system via a transmission line. A transmitting / receiving means for receiving operation information sent from each wind power generator and transmitting output command information for controlling the operation of each wind power generator; The operation information from each individual control device is received via the means and the output fluctuation is calculated and processed, and the wind power generator is connected via the transmission / reception means. Centralized operation control means for controlling the operation of the wind power generator group according to the output command information transmitted, predicting near-future wind speed fluctuations for the wind power generator group based on the operation information, Output prediction means for predicting near-future output fluctuations of the wind power generator group based on the prediction, and rotation of the wind power generator group when the total output of the wind power generator group is greater than a predetermined target output Energy storage / release command means for controlling the output command information so as to be stored as energy, the total output of the wind power generator group is limited to a value lower than a rated output, and the energy storage / release command means is According to the output command information, the rotational energy accumulated in the wind power generator group is released every time the rotational energy is accumulated more than a predetermined amount. By controlling Te, and suppressing a decrease in the generated power quantity of the wind turbine generator group.

  The control method of the control apparatus of the wind power generator group concerning the 3rd this invention is a control method of the control apparatus of the wind power generator group concerning the 1st this invention.

  The control method of the control apparatus of the wind power generator group concerning the 4th this invention is a control method of the control apparatus of the wind power generator group concerning the 2nd this invention.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the control apparatus system of the wind power generator group which can suppress the fluctuation | variation of the electric power output from a wind farm to an electric power grid | system, and can maintain a fixed output, and its control method are realizable.

It is a block diagram which shows the apparatus structure of the wind farm of one Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a figure which shows the arrangement | positioning of a wind power generator, and the relationship between wind direction wind power, (b) is a figure which shows the arrival time delay to each wind power generator of the wind-power fluctuation of a wind power generator. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the centralized control apparatus shown in FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the graph showing the measured value of the wind speed fluctuation | variation of the wind power generator at the present time, (b) is the method of (Formula 1) when a wind power generator is on the windward after time T2. It is a figure which shows the graph showing the wind speed fluctuation | variation prediction result which arrives at each wind power generator predicted by (c), (c) is a figure which shows the graph showing the predicted value of the wind speed fluctuation | variation of the wind power generator after time T3 progress. is there. It is a characteristic view showing the characteristic of the prediction wind speed and output electric power of a wind power generator. (A) is a figure which shows the output prediction result of each wind power generator in each point P1, P2, and P3 on the graph where each line type shows the output prediction of each wind power generator, and (b). The figure shows the predicted total output of wind farms, and shows the output of each wind power generator and the predicted result of total wind farm output, where the sum of points P1, P2, and P3 is the predicted total wind farm output Psum. It is a schematic diagram showing the system which changes the power curve of a wind power generator by output restrictions. (A) is the figure which shows output P1, P2, P3 of each wind power generator in output fluctuation evaluation time Te, and the output P1 + P2 + P3 = Psum of the wind farm which is the sum, (b) is a figure of FIG. 6 (b). It is a figure which shows the output restriction | limiting control result at the time of controlling by minimum value Psum 'shown. (A) is a figure which shows electric power generation output P1, P2, P3 of each wind power generator in the output fluctuation evaluation time Te, and the electric power generation output P1 + P2 + P3 of the wind farm which is the sum, (b) is total output average value Psum '. It is a figure which shows the output restriction | limiting control result at the time of controlling by '. It is a characteristic view which shows the rotation speed-power generation output characteristic of a wind power generator. (a) is the schematic diagram which showed concretely an example of the timing of accumulation | storage and discharge | release of rotational energy about the 1st control system which accumulate | stores and discharge | releases wind energy as rotational energy of the windmill (refer FIG. 1) of a wind power generator. (B) is a diagram showing the change in rotational energy with respect to the elapsed time at this time. (a) is the schematic diagram which specifically showed another example of the timing of accumulation | storage and discharge | release of rotational energy about the 2nd control system which accumulate | stores and discharge | releases wind energy as rotational energy of a wind power generator, ) Is a diagram showing a change in rotational energy with respect to the elapsed time at this time. It is a block diagram at the time of applying this invention to the wind farm which provided the auxiliary | assistant at least 1 electrical storage apparatus with the several wind power generator.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an apparatus configuration of a wind farm 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
<Wind Farm 100 of Embodiment>
The wind farm 100 is connected to an electric power system 7 for supplying electric power to a consumer 8 via a transmission line 9. Electric power is supplied from the power system 7 and the wind farm 100 to the customer 8.
The wind farm 100 includes a plurality of wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 that can perform variable rotation speed control and variable pitch control.

  The wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13 are respectively powered by the rotation of wind turbines (rotors) 11 f, 12 f, and 13 f having a plurality of rotor blades (blades) 11 h, 12 h, and 13 h that receive wind, and the wind turbines 11 f, 12 f, and 13 f. And a transformer (not shown) that transforms the electric power generated by the generator into a desired electric power. The rotating blades 11h of the windmill 11f, the rotating blades 12h of the windmill 12f, and the rotating blades 13h of the windmill 13f are respectively rotatable about the axis in the centrifugal direction, and the rotating blades 11h, 12h, The pitch is controlled so that 13h rotates.

Each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 is connected to the power system 7 and the customer 8 via the power transmission line 9.
The wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 control the wind direction anemometers 21, 22, and 23 for measuring the wind direction and wind speed at each location, and control the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13, respectively. Individual control devices 31, 32, and 33 that collect information (operation information) such as information on 22 and 23, rotation speeds of the rotor blades 11 h, 12 h, and 13 h, and each power generation output are connected.
The individual control devices 31, 32, and 33 are connected to each other via the communication network 5 and are connected to a centralized control device 41 that controls the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 in an integrated manner.

The centralized control device 41 controls the operation of each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 via each individual control device 31, 32, 33 using the output command information.
The central control device 41 is connected to a storage device 42 that stores output characteristic data of the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13.
The individual control devices 31, 32, and 33 and the central control device 41 are configured by a computer, a circuit, and the like.

<Collecting wind direction and wind speed information at wind farm 100>
Collection of wind direction and wind speed information in the wind farm 100 is performed as follows.
The individual control device 31 attached to the wind power generation device 11 transmits the wind direction and wind speed at the wind power generation device 11 measured by the wind direction anemometer 21 to the centralized control device 41 via the communication network 5. Similarly, the wind direction and wind speed data of the other wind power generation devices 32 and 33 are also transmitted to the central control device 41, respectively.

  For example, when the wind of the wind direction represented by the arrow 6 in FIG. 1 is blowing, the wind power generator 11 first reaches the fluctuation of the wind speed in the wind farm 100. The centralized control device 41 determines that the wind power generator 11 is most upwind in the wind farm 100 from the received wind direction data in each wind power generator 11, 12, 13. And using the following method, from the wind speed data in each wind power generator 11, 12, 13, the wind speed fluctuation of the wind power generator 11 reaches the time variation of the wind speed fluctuation that reaches the other wind power generators 12, 13. Predict.

<Prediction of wind speed fluctuation over time>
Taking as an example the case where the wind power generator 11 is at the most upwind, the arrangement of the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 and the relationship between the wind direction wind force will be described.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a method for predicting fluctuations in wind speed reaching each of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13. FIG. 2 (a) shows the relationship between the arrangement of the wind turbine generators and the wind direction wind force. 2 (b) shows arrival time delays T2 and T3 of the wind power fluctuation of the wind power generator 11 to the wind power generators 12 and 13.

The distance L to the other wind power generators 12 and 13 and the direction θ with respect to the current wind direction, starting from the wind power generator 11 at which the wind speed fluctuation first arrives, are the known wind power generators 11 input in advance to the storage device 42. , 12 and 13 are obtained from the data of the arrangement. For example, if there is data on the arrangement of the wind power generators 11, 12, 13, the direction θ can be easily obtained from the wind direction at that time.
The time delay T2 from the wind speed measured by the wind turbine generator 11 until the wind speed fluctuation reaches the wind turbine generator 12 at time T12 is the distance Lcosθ in the wind direction from the wind turbine generator 11 to the wind turbine generator 12, and the wind speed By dividing by V, it is expressed by the following (Formula 1).

同様に、（式１）を用いて、風力発電装置１１での風速変動が、他の風力発電装置１３へ時刻Ｔ１３に到達する風速変動の到達時間遅れＴ３が求められる。

Similarly, using (Equation 1), the arrival time delay T3 of the wind speed fluctuation at which the wind speed fluctuation in the wind power generator 11 reaches the other wind power generator 13 at time T13 is obtained.

<Centralized control device 41>
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the centralized control device 41 shown in FIG.
The central control device 41 includes transmission / reception means 51 that transmits and receives information, wind speed fluctuation prediction means 52 that predicts fluctuations in wind speed in the wind power generation apparatuses 11, 12, and 13, and wind power generation apparatuses 11, 12, and 13. Output prediction means 53 for predicting the output (electric power) of power generation, and dynamic energy storage and emission command means 54 for accumulating surplus wind energy as rotational energy and releasing the accumulated rotational energy for replenishment of electric power. It has. The dynamic energy storage / release command means 54 includes a rotation speed increase command means 55 for increasing the rotation speed for each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 and storing the rotation energy, and a rotation for releasing the accumulated rotation energy. Number decrease command means 56 is provided.

<Control of centralized control device 41>
The centralized control device 41 is controlled as follows.
The wind direction, wind speed data, and power generation output data of each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 obtained via the communication network 5 are input to the wind speed fluctuation predicting means 52 via the transmitting / receiving means 51. Then, the wind speed fluctuation prediction means 52 predicts the near-future wind speed of the entire wind farm 100 using (Equation 1) and the like.

Here, in the wind speed and wind direction fluctuation prediction in the wind speed fluctuation prediction unit 52, for example, a method for predicting the wind speed and wind direction of the wind power generator 11 when the wind power generator 11 is located at the most upwind will be described. As an example of wind speed prediction of the wind turbine generator 11, for example, based on past weather conditions, wind speeds, wind directions, etc., wind speed and wind direction prediction data are stored in the storage device 42 in advance, and current weather conditions, wind speeds are stored. The current wind speed and wind direction fluctuation can be predicted using the prediction data stored from the wind direction and the like. And this prediction updates prediction from the actual present wind speed, wind direction, etc. of the wind power generator 11 sequentially, and makes it the prediction of the wind farm 100.
Note that the wind speed and wind direction prediction of the windward wind turbine generator 11 described above is an example, and it is needless to say that other methods can be applied.

  The wind speed prediction data predicted by the wind speed fluctuation prediction means 52 is further input to the output prediction means 53, and the output of near-future power generation of the entire wind farm 100 is also predicted. Subsequently, the output prediction data is input to the dynamic energy storage / release command means 54, and is compared with the preset scheduled output by the dynamic energy storage / release command means 54. If the predicted output data is higher than the scheduled output, the rotational speed increase command means 55 increases the rotational speed of the wind power generators 11, 12, 13 and accumulates the wind energy as rotational energy of the mechanical energy of the wind power generator. To do. On the other hand, when the predicted output data by power generation is lower than the planned output, the rotational speed decrease command means 56 reduces the rotational speed of the wind power generator and releases the accumulated rotational energy (mechanical energy) to supplement the output. And average the output.

The output characteristic data of each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 stored in the storage device 42 is given to the output predicting means 53, the dynamic energy storage / release command means 54, etc., and used for output prediction and the like.
The central control device 41 and the individual control devices 31, 32, and 33 can be configured from control software that operates on a computer system, and in that case, can be configured from different control software provided in the same computer system. .

  For example, the central control device 41 has the function shown in FIG. 3 for comprehensively controlling the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13, and the individual control devices 31, 32, and 33 are respectively connected to the wind power generators 11, 12 and 13, respectively. , 13 rotational speed control of the wind turbines (rotors) 11f, 12f, 13f, and pitch control for rotating the rotary blades 11h, 12h, 13h around the centrifugal axis.

Alternatively, since the individual control devices 31, 32, 33 are connected via the communication network 5, the function of the central control device 41 can be given to any one of the individual control devices 31, 32, 33, or It is also possible to divide into individual control devices 31, 32, 33. In this case, the storage device 42 is connected to the individual control devices 31, 32, 33 having the function of the central control device 41, and the central control device 41 becomes unnecessary.
As described above, the implementation forms of the central control apparatus 41 and the individual control apparatuses 31, 32, and 33 can be appropriately selected as long as the predetermined control described in the embodiment can be performed.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a wind speed fluctuation prediction result that reaches each of the wind turbine generators 12 and 13 predicted by the method of (Equation 1) when the wind turbine generator 11 is on the windward, and the elapsed time is plotted on the horizontal axis. [Seconds] is shown, and the wind speed [m / s] is shown on the vertical axis.
FIG. 4A shows the measured value of the wind speed fluctuation of the wind power generator 11 at the current time point, and FIG. 4B shows the predicted value of the wind speed fluctuation of the wind power generator 12 after the elapse of time T2. FIG. 4C shows the predicted value of the wind speed fluctuation of the wind turbine generator 13 after the elapse of time T3.

  As shown in FIG. 4B, the wind speed fluctuation of the current wind power generator 11 in FIG. 4A reaches the wind power generator 12 at time T12 after the time T2 has elapsed, and similarly, FIG. ) Current wind speed fluctuation of the wind power generator 11 reaches the wind power generator 13 at time T13 after the time T3 has elapsed, as shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship (power curve) between the predicted wind speed and the output of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13.
The characteristic data of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13 shown in FIG. 5 is stored in advance in the storage device 42 connected to the centralized control device 41, and the centralized control device during the output prediction calculation of the wind farm 100 in the output predicting means 53. 41 is called.

  Here, when a wind power generator having the same characteristics is installed in the wind farm 100, the characteristic data of one wind power generator is stored in the storage device 42 connected to the centralized controller 41 in advance. On the other hand, when wind power generators having different characteristics are installed in the wind farm 100, the characteristic data of all the wind power generators existing in the wind farm 100 are stored and predicted by the output predicting means 53. Used for calculation.

  6 shows the output fluctuation of each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 in the wind farm 100 using the wind speed fluctuation prediction result of each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 in FIG. 4 and the power curve in FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a prediction result of a total output fluctuation (see FIG. 6B) of the wind farm 100 (see FIG. 6A). The horizontal axis in FIG. 6 indicates elapsed time (minutes), and the vertical axis indicates pu (Per Unit) indicating power generation output.

FIG. 6A shows the output prediction of each of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13, and points P 1, P 2, and P 3 on the graphs with different line types represent the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13 at each time point. The output prediction result is shown. FIG. 6B shows the predicted total output of the wind farm 100, and the sum of the points P1, P2, and P3 is the wind farm predicted total output Psum.
Based on the fluctuation range of the wind farm predicted total output Psum, the dynamic energy storage / release command means 54 calculates an output capable of stable control at a constant output value.

<Control for setting the output of the wind farm 100 to the minimum value Psum '>
Next, control for setting the output of the wind farm 100 to the minimum value Psum ′ will be described.
Psum ′ in FIG. 6B is a minimum value of the predicted total output within a time range (for example, 20 minutes in FIG. 6) that is a target of constant output value control, and Psum ′ is a constant output value of the wind farm 100. When setting as an output value of control, the control command to each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 is instructed to limit the output satisfying Psum ′ of FIG.

In this case, the control command to each of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, 13 is a control command for a power curve provided with output limitation as shown in FIG. 7.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the power generation output according to the control command to each of the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13. The horizontal axis of FIG. 8 shows elapsed time, and the vertical axis shows power generation output. Tc is an output restriction command cycle. FIG. 8A shows the outputs P1, P2, and P3 of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13 at the output fluctuation evaluation time Te, and the output P1 + P2 + P3 = Psum of the wind farm 100, which is the sum thereof. FIG. 8B shows the output restriction control result when the output of the wind farm 100 is controlled with the minimum value Psum ′ shown in FIG. 6B by the output restriction control to each of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13. Indicates.

In FIG. 8, the control command setting method for each of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13 will be described for each control time of (1), (2), and (3) in FIG.
The control command setting method is determined based on the following two points. First, the output is borne by any of the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 having the most power generation. That is, the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 with the strongest wind are preferentially turned (used). Secondly, the operation of each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 is leveled.
(1) in FIG. 8A is P1 (power generation output of the wind power generation device 11) + P2 (power generation output of the wind power generation device 12) + P3 (power generation output of the wind power generation device 13)> Psum ′ and P1 + P2 <Psum ′ This is the case.

In this case, P1 ′ = P2 ′ = P3 ′ and P1 ′ + P2 ′ + P3 ′ = Psum ′ are determined. When P1 ′ <P1, P2 ′ <P2, and P3 ′ <P3, any of the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 having surplus power bears the output of the shortage.
(2) in FIG. 8A is a case where P1 + P2> Psum ′.
In this case, the outputs of P1 and P2 having surplus power are reduced so that P1 ′ = P2 ′ = P3 ′ and P1 ′ + P2 ′ + P3 ′ = Psum ′. In terms of energy, P3 ′ = 0 may be set, but operation within the wind farm 100 can be made uniform by operating without stopping only one unit, and deterioration of the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 can be made uniform. . Thereby, when the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 are deteriorated, they can be maintained together, which is advantageous in terms of maintenance costs.

(3) of FIG. 8A is a case where P1 + P2 + P3 = Psum ′.
In this case, P1 ′ = P1, P2 ′ = P2, and P3 ′ = P3 with the original output.
In the control method shown in FIG. 8, fluctuations in output can be suppressed, but an output greater than Psum ′ cannot be output, so that surplus energy increases and energy loss increases.
Therefore, the energy loss is reduced by storing the wind energy as the rotational energy of the wind turbines (rotors) 11f, 12f, 13f of the wind power generators 11, 12, 13, and the output of the constant output value control is as shown in FIG. A control method for raising the total output to the average value Psum ″ (hereinafter referred to as the total output average value Psum ″) will be described.

<Control for setting the output of the wind farm 100 to the average value Psum ''>
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing (power generation) output according to a control command to each of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13. FIG. 9A shows the (power generation) outputs P1, P2, and P3 of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13 at the output fluctuation evaluation time Te, and the total power generation (P1 + P2 + P3) of the wind farm 100. . FIG. 9B shows the output restriction control result when control is performed with the total output average value Psum ″.

In FIG. 9, the average value of the predicted power generation amount Psum for the output fluctuation evaluation time Te is determined as the total output average value Psum ″.
FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing the rotational speed-output characteristics of the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13, with the rotational speed command value on the horizontal axis and the (power generation) output on the vertical axis. Conventionally, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 10, variable speed control is performed so as to increase the maximum output in each wind speed region.
In this configuration, in the time zone (1) in which the predicted power generation amount is larger than the total output average value Psum ″ (see FIG. 9A), each wind power generator 11, 12 is based on the characteristic diagram shown in FIG. , 13 is controlled so that the power generation output is decreased by increasing the rotational speed command value to the maximum output rotational speed (m1, m2, m3 in FIG. 10), and wind energy is controlled by the wind turbines 11f of the wind power generators 11, 12, 13 , 12f, and 13f as rotational energy.

On the other hand, in the time zone (2) where the predicted power generation amount is smaller than the total output average value Psum ″, the rotational speed of the wind power generators 11, 12, 13 is gradually decreased to (1) in FIG. Rotational energy stored in the time period is released, and control is performed so as to maintain the output of the total output average value Psum ″.
In an actual wind power generator, as shown in FIG. 9A, the rotational energy of the wind power generator alone may be insufficient to maintain the output of the wind farm 100 constant. In such a case, the output fluctuation of the wind farm 100 is suppressed by limiting the output of the wind farm 100 by a certain value lower than the rated output.

Next, two first and second control methods used for storing and releasing rotational energy in the wind farm 100 will be described.
<First Control Method of Accumulation and Release of Rotational Energy in Wind Farm 100>
FIG. 11 (a) shows a first control method for storing and releasing wind energy as rotational energy of wind turbines 11f, 12f and 13f (see FIG. 1) of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, and 13. It is the schematic diagram which showed an example of the timing concretely, FIG.11 (b) is the figure which showed the change of the rotation energy with respect to the elapsed time at this time.

In FIG. 11, when the output of the wind farm 100 is controlled by the target value (predetermined target output) Pt, in order to minimize the output fluctuation, the wind power generation in which the rotational energy is stored at the lowest output point Pmin. A method of releasing rotational energy of any of the devices 11, 12, and 13 is effective.
The time when Pmin is obtained in advance from the predicted value of the total output of the wind farm 100 obtained by the output predicting means 53. Then, the lowest point Pmin of the power generation output is leveled from the maximum value of the rotational energy that can be accumulated determined from the specifications of the wind power generators 11, 12, and 1 in the wind farm 100 and the speed at which the rotational energy can be released. The timing td for starting the release of rotational energy is determined.

  Since the release of rotational energy is started from time td in FIG. 11B, the rotational energy decreases until time td1 at which the release ends. Between time td1 and time td2 in FIG. 11 (b), as shown in FIG. 11 (a), the output is below the target value Pt, so the rotational energy does not increase. At time td2 in FIG. 11B, the output reaches the target value Pt, so surplus wind energy is stored as rotational energy. Therefore, the rotational energy increases from the time td2, and reaches the maximum value at which the rotational energy can be accumulated at the time td3 in FIG. 11B. Therefore, the rotational energy is leveled without being accumulated.

  As a result, as indicated by the hatched portion in FIG. 11A, the output at the time of Pmin can be improved by releasing the rotational energy. In addition, by changing the rotational speed of the rotational energy, it is possible to select whether to release a large output in a short time or a small output in a long time. It is also possible to determine the timing td for starting the release of.

<Second Control Method of Accumulation and Release of Rotational Energy in Wind Farm 100>
FIG. 12 (a) is a schematic diagram specifically showing another example of rotation energy storage and release timing for the second control method for storing and releasing wind energy as rotational energy of the wind power generator. FIG. 12B is a diagram showing a change in rotational energy with respect to the elapsed time at this time.
In the first control method of FIG. 11, rotational energy is released near the output minimum point Pmin, whereas in the second control method of FIG. 12, rotational energy is continuously stored and released. In this way, the output of the wind farm 100 is limited, and this is a method aimed at improving the amount of generated power that decreases when the output fluctuation falls within a predetermined range.
In FIG. 12A, this method is illustrated on the assumption that the output is limited to the target value Pt.

  When the output without control exceeds the target value Pt with respect to the target value Pt of the output of the wind farm 100, the rotational energy is accumulated (time t0, t2, t5 in FIG. 12B), and the rotational energy is accumulated. When the maximum possible value is reached (time t1, t3, t6 in FIG. 12B), the release of rotational energy is started. There is an effect of improving the output until the release of the rotational energy is completed. Thereafter, by repeating this control continuously, there is an effect of improving the amount of generated power reduced due to the output restriction.

  Specifically, since the rotational energy is accumulated from time t0 in FIG. 12B to time t1 at which the maximum rotational energy that can be accumulated is reached, the rotational energy increases. Rotational energy is released from time t1 to time t2 in FIG. At time t2, since the output of the wind farm 100 is higher than the target value Pt, the rotational energy is stored until time t3 when the rotational energy reaches the maximum value that can be stored. Rotational energy is released from time t3 to time t4.

From time t4 to time t5, the power generation output is less than the target value Pt as shown in FIG. From time t5 to time t6, since the power generation output of the wind farm 100 shown in FIG. 12A is equal to or greater than the target value Pt, the rotational energy is accumulated until time t6 at which the maximum energy that can be accumulated is reached. Since the rotational energy reaches the maximum value that can be stored at time t6, rotational energy is released thereafter.
The first control method in FIG. 11 and the second control method in FIG. 12 can be dynamically switched according to the output target value Pt of the wind farm 100 and the magnitude of the output fluctuation.

<In the case where the power storage device 50 is added to the wind farm 100>
Next, the case where the power storage device 50 is provided along with the wind farm 100 will be described.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram in a case where the present invention is applied to a wind farm 100 in which at least one power storage device 50 is additionally provided in addition to a plurality of wind power generators 11, 12, and 13.
Conventionally, when a power storage device is installed for the purpose of suppressing output fluctuation of a wind farm, it is necessary to absorb all output fluctuation generated in the wind farm by charging and discharging the power storage device. Therefore, there is a problem that the capacity of the power storage device is increased and the cost is increased.

In the present embodiment, as described above, the output of the wind farm 100 can be controlled to be constant without using a power storage device, but there is a possibility that an error may occur in the prediction of the near-future wind speed of each of the wind turbine generators 11, 12, 13. There is a fear that the output of the wind farm 100 is slightly shifted from a certain value.
At least one power storage device 50 shown in FIG. 13 compensates for this output deviation by charging and discharging. Thereby, the capacity | capacitance of the electrical storage apparatus 50 can be made small compared with the past, and the installation cost of the electrical storage apparatus 50 can be reduced.

<Effect>
According to the above configuration, the individual control devices 31, 32, and 33 provided in the respective wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 and the centralized control device 41 that performs output prediction calculation based on the information of the individual control devices 31, 32, and 33 are provided. It is possible to predict the output fluctuation of the wind farm 100 in the near future from the measured values of the wind direction and wind speed measured by the wind power generators 11, 12, and 13 in the wind farm 100 with a simple configuration.

In addition, it is possible to keep the output of the wind farm 100 constant by accumulating and releasing the output fluctuation of the wind farm 100 as rotational energy by increasing / decreasing the rotation speed of each wind power generator 11, 12, 13 And can. Therefore, the influence of the output fluctuation of the wind farm 100 on the power system can be reduced. Therefore, the fluctuation | variation of the electric power output from the wind farm 100 to the electric power grid | system 8 can be suppressed, and a fixed output can be maintained. In particular, it is possible to obtain a wind farm 100 that is effective from the viewpoint of electric power system control and that can make short-cycle fluctuations of about several minutes to 10 and several minutes almost constant.
Further, it is possible to reduce the capacity of the power storage device 50 that is additionally installed for the purpose of suppressing the output fluctuation of the wind farm 100, and the cost can be reduced.

5 communication network,
7 Power system,
9 Transmission line,
11, 12, 13 wind power generator,
21, 22, 23 Anemometer,
31, 32, 33 Individual control device,
41 Centralized control device (Centralized operation control means),
50 power storage device,
51 transmitting and receiving means,
52 Wind speed fluctuation prediction means,
53 output prediction means,
54 Dynamic energy storage / release command means (energy storage / release command means),
55 Speed increase command means,
56 rotational speed lowering command means,
100 wind farm (wind power generators),

Claims (8)

A wind direction anemometer provided in each wind power generator, and an individual control device that is provided in each wind power generator and transmits and receives operation information including wind direction and wind power in each wind power generator via a communication network,
A wind turbine generator group control device for controlling a wind turbine generator group having a plurality of wind turbine generators capable of variable rotation speed and variable pitch control connected to a power system via a transmission line,
Transmission / reception means for receiving operation information sent from each wind turbine generator and transmitting output command information for controlling the operation of each wind turbine generator;
The operation information from each individual control device is received via the transmission / reception means, and output fluctuation is calculated and processed according to the output command information transmitted to the wind power generators via the transmission / reception means. Centralized operation control means for controlling the operation of the wind power generator group;
Predicting near-future wind speed fluctuations for the wind power generator group based on the operation information, output predicting means for predicting near-future output fluctuations of the wind power generator group based on the wind speed fluctuation prediction,
Energy storage and discharge command means for controlling by the output command information so as to store wind energy as rotational energy of the wind power generator group when the total output of the wind power generator group becomes larger than a predetermined target output;
The total output of the wind power generator group is limited to a value lower than the rated output,
The energy storage / release command means includes:
When the total output of the wind power generation device group is smaller than the predetermined target output, the output command information so that the rotational energy accumulated in the wind power generation device group is released near the lowest value of the near future total output. The wind power generator group control device is characterized by suppressing fluctuations in the total output of the wind power generator group. A wind direction anemometer provided in each wind power generator, and an individual control device that is provided in each wind power generator and transmits and receives operation information including wind direction and wind power in each wind power generator via a communication network,
A wind turbine generator group control device for controlling a wind turbine generator group having a plurality of wind turbine generators capable of variable rotation speed and variable pitch control connected to a power system via a transmission line,
Transmission / reception means for receiving operation information sent from each wind turbine generator and transmitting output command information for controlling the operation of each wind turbine generator;
The operation information from each individual control device is received via the transmission / reception means, and output fluctuation is calculated and processed according to the output command information transmitted to the wind power generator via the transmission / reception means. Centralized operation control means for controlling the operation of the wind power generator group;
Predicting near-future wind speed fluctuations for the wind power generator group based on the operation information, output predicting means for predicting near-future output fluctuations of the wind power generator group based on the wind speed fluctuation prediction,
Energy storage and discharge command means for controlling by the output command information so as to store wind energy as rotational energy of the wind power generator group when the total output of the wind power generator group becomes larger than a predetermined target output;
The total output of the wind power generator group is limited to a value lower than the rated output,
The energy storage / release command means includes:
By controlling the output command information so that the rotational energy accumulated in the wind power generator group is released every time the rotational energy is accumulated more than a predetermined amount, the power generation amount of the wind power generator group is reduced. The control apparatus of the wind power generator group characterized by suppressing. In the control apparatus of the wind power generator group of Claim 1 or Claim 2,
Rotational speed increase command means for storing wind energy as rotational energy of each wind power generator in a time zone when the total output of the wind power generator group predicted by the output predicting means is larger than the predetermined target output;
A control device for a wind power generator group, comprising: a rotation speed lowering command unit that releases wind energy stored as rotational energy of each of the wind power generators. In the control apparatus of the wind power generator group according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
At least one power storage device is connected to the power transmission line,
When the output of the wind turbine generator group is controlled to be a predetermined target output by the output command information from the centralized operation control means, when there is a deviation from the predetermined target output from the wind speed prediction error In the wind power generator group, the deviation is compensated by charge / discharge power of the power storage device. A wind direction anemometer provided in each wind power generator, and an individual control device that is provided in each wind power generator and transmits and receives operation information including wind direction and wind power in each wind power generator via a communication network,
A wind turbine generator group control method for controlling a wind turbine generator group having a plurality of wind turbine generators connected to an electric power system via a transmission line and capable of variable speed and variable pitch control. And
The control device includes a transmission / reception unit, a centralized operation control unit, an output prediction unit, and an energy storage / release command unit,
The transmission / reception means receives operation information sent from each wind power generator and transmits output command information for controlling the operation of each wind power generator,
The centralized operation control means receives the operation information from the individual control devices via the transmission / reception means, calculates output fluctuations, and transmits the output fluctuation to the wind power generators via the transmission / reception means. Control the operation of the wind power generator group according to the output command information,
The output prediction means predicts near-future wind speed fluctuations for the wind power generator group based on the operation information, predicts near-future output fluctuations of the wind power generator group based on the wind speed fluctuation prediction,
The energy storage and discharge command means is controlled by the output command information so as to store wind energy as rotational energy of the wind power generator group when the total output of the wind power generator group becomes larger than a predetermined target output,
The total output of the wind power generator group is limited to a value lower than the rated output,
When the total output of the wind power generator group is smaller than the predetermined target output, the energy storage and discharge command means is configured to cause the rotational energy stored in the wind power generator group to be near a minimum value of the near future total output. A control method for a control device of a wind power generator group, characterized in that fluctuations in the total output of the wind power generator group are suppressed by controlling the output command information so as to be released. A wind direction anemometer provided in each wind power generator, and an individual control device that is provided in each wind power generator and transmits and receives operation information including wind direction and wind power in each wind power generator via a communication network,
A wind turbine generator group control method for controlling a wind turbine generator group having a plurality of wind turbine generators connected to an electric power system via a transmission line and capable of variable speed and variable pitch control. And
The control device includes a transmission / reception unit, a centralized operation control unit, an output prediction unit, and an energy storage / release command unit,
The transmission / reception means receives the operation information sent from each wind power generator and transmits output command information for controlling the operation of each wind power generator,
The centralized operation control means receives the operation information from each individual control device via the communication network, calculates an output variation, and responds to the output command information transmitted to each wind power generator. Controlling the operation of the wind turbine generator group,
The output prediction means predicts near-future wind speed fluctuations for the wind power generator group based on the operation information, predicts near-future output fluctuations of the wind power generator group based on the wind speed fluctuation prediction,
The energy storage and discharge command means is controlled by the output command information so as to store wind energy as rotational energy of the wind power generator group when the total output of the wind power generator group becomes larger than a predetermined power output.
The total output of the wind power generator group is limited to a value lower than the rated output,
The energy storage / release command means controls the wind power generation by controlling the rotation energy stored in the wind power generator group according to the output command information so as to be released every time the rotation energy is stored in a predetermined amount or more. A control method for a control device of a wind power generator group, characterized by suppressing a decrease in the amount of generated power of the apparatus group. In the control method of the control apparatus of the wind power generator group of Claim 5 or Claim 6,
The rotational speed increase command means accumulates wind energy as rotational energy of each wind power generator in a time zone in which the total output of the wind power generator group predicted by the output predicting means is greater than the predetermined target output,
The rotation speed lowering command means releases the wind energy accumulated as the rotation energy of each wind power generator. A control method for a control device of a wind power generator group. In the control method of the control apparatus of the wind power generator group as described in any one of Claims 5-7,
At least one power storage device is connected to the power transmission line,
When the output of the wind turbine generator group is controlled to be a predetermined target output by the output command information from the centralized operation control means, when there is a deviation from the predetermined target output from the wind speed prediction error In the wind power generator group, the deviation is compensated by charge / discharge power of the power storage device.

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